Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994’’
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Federal Law Enforcement Officers, 2016
U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs Bureau of Justice Statistics October 2019, NCJ 251922 Bureau of Justice Statistics Bureau Federal Law Enforcement Ofcers, 2016 – Statistical Tables Connor Brooks, BJS Statistician s of the end of fscal-year 2016, federal FIGURE 1 agencies in the United States and Distribution of full-time federal law enforcement U.S. territories employed about 132,000 ofcers, by department or branch, 2016 Afull-time law enforcement ofcers. Federal law enforcement ofcers were defned as any federal Department of ofcers who were authorized to make arrests Homeland Security and carry frearms. About three-quarters of Department of Justice federal law enforcement ofcers (about 100,000) Other executive- provided police protection as their primary branch agencies function. Four in fve federal law enforcement ofcers, regardless of their primary function, Independent agencies worked for either the Department of Homeland · Security (47% of all ofcers) or the Department Judicial branch Tables Statistical of Justice (33%) (fgure 1, table 1). Legislative branch Findings in this report are from the 2016 0 10 20 30 40 50 Census of Federal Law Enforcement Ofcers Percent (CFLEO). Te Bureau of Justice Statistics conducted the census, collecting data on Note: See table 1 for counts and percentages. Source: Bureau of Justice Statistics, Census of Federal Law 83 agencies. Of these agencies, 41 were Ofces Enforcement Ofcers, 2016. of Inspectors General, which provide oversight of federal agencies and activities. Te tables in this report provide statistics on the number, functions, and demographics of federal law enforcement ofcers. Highlights In 2016, there were about 100,000 full-time Between 2008 and 2016, the Amtrak Police federal law enforcement ofcers in the United had the largest percentage increase in full-time States and U.S. -
STRATEGIC PLAN Funding in the US (Circa 1980) MANAGING RISK to ENSURE INTELLIGENCE ADVANTAGE
Intelligence Reform And Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 FY2016-2020 IC S&T Executive Order 12333 (1981) Industrial R&D Funding Begins Exceeding Government R&D STRATEGIC PLAN Funding in the US (Circa 1980) MANAGING RISK TO ENSURE INTELLIGENCE ADVANTAGE National Security Act of 1947 Office of Strategic Services Disbanded (1945) 1 About the Cover: The cover uses a red and blue double helix to represent multiple concepts relating to the Intelligence Community’s (IC’s) science and technology (S&T) efforts. For example, starting at the bottom and moving up the image on the cover one observes—in chronological order—a number of key “red” challenges and “blue” technological achievements in the history of the IC. The use of this construct was not chosen randomly, however. Akin to how the base pairs in strands of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) correspond to one another, researchers and technologists within the IC S&T enterprise aspire to create capabilities that link to the threat environment of today—and in the future. Lastly, and perhaps most importantly, the choice of a DNA strand is meant to convey the critical importance of basic research to the IC’s mission. Contents Foreword ............................................................................................................................................ iii Vision, Mission, and Guiding Principles for Intelligence Community Science and Technology Enterprise Investments ........................................................................... v Chapter 1 — Introduction ............................................................................................................ -
Social Media and Tactical Considerations for Law Enforcement
Social Media and Tactical Considerations For Law Enforcement This project was supported by Cooperative Agreement Number 2011-CK-WX-K016 awarded by the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, U.S. Department of Justice. The opinions contained herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. References to specific agencies, companies, products, or services should not be considered an endorsement by the author(s) or the U.S. Department of Justice. Rather, the references are illustrations to supplement discussion of the issues. The Internet references cited in this publication were valid as of the date of this publication. Given that URLs and websites are in constant flux, neither the author(s) nor the COPS Office can vouch for their current validity. ISBN: 978-1-932582-72-7 e011331543 July 2013 A joint project of: U.S. Department of Justice Police Executive Research Forum Office of Community Oriented Policing Services 1120 Connecticut Avenue, N.W. 145 N Street, N.E. Suite 930 Washington, DC 20530 Washington, DC 20036 To obtain details on COPS Office programs, call the COPS Office Response Center at 800-421-6770. Visit COPS Online at www.cops.usdoj.gov. Contents Foreword ................................................................. iii Acknowledgments ........................................................... iv Introduction ............................................................... .1 Project Background......................................................... -
Four Models of the Criminal Process Kent Roach
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology Volume 89 Article 5 Issue 2 Winter Winter 1999 Four Models of the Criminal Process Kent Roach Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/jclc Part of the Criminal Law Commons, Criminology Commons, and the Criminology and Criminal Justice Commons Recommended Citation Kent Roach, Four Models of the Criminal Process, 89 J. Crim. L. & Criminology 671 (1998-1999) This Criminology is brought to you for free and open access by Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology by an authorized editor of Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. 0091-4169/99/8902-0671 THM JOURNAL OF QMINAL LAW& CRIMINOLOGY Vol. 89, No. 2 Copyright 0 1999 by Northwestem University. School of Law Psisd in USA. CRIMINOLOGY FOUR MODELS OF THE CRIMINAL PROCESS KENT ROACH* I. INTRODUCTION Ever since Herbert Packer published "Two Models of the Criminal Process" in 1964, much thinking about criminal justice has been influenced by the construction of models. Models pro- vide a useful way to cope with the complexity of the criminal pro- cess. They allow details to be simplified and common themes and trends to be highlighted. "As in the physical and social sciences, [models present] a hypothetical but coherent scheme for testing the evidence" produced by decisions made by thousands of actors in the criminal process every day.2 Unlike the sciences, however, it is not possible or desirable to reduce the discretionary and hu- manistic systems of criminal justice to a single truth. -
Lifetime Likelihood of Victimization
U. S. Department of Justice I Bureau of Justice Statistics I Lifetime Likelihood of Victimization by Herbert Koppel people's perception of the meaning of BJS Analyst March 1987 annual rates with respect to their own The Bureau of Justice Statistics lives. If the Earth revolved around the This report provides estimates of the National Crime Survey provides sun in 180 days, all of our annual crime likelihood that a person will become a annual victimization rates based rates would be halved, but we would not victim of crime during his or her life- on counts of the number of crimes be safer. time, or that a household will be vic- reported and not reported to timized during a 20-year period. This police in the United States. These Calculating lifetime victimization rates contrasts with the conventional use of a rates are based on interviews 1-year period in measuring crime and twice a year with about 101,000 For this report, lifetime likelihoods criminal victimization. Most promi- persons in approximately 49,000 of victimization were calculated from nently, the National Crime Survey nationally representative NCS annual victimization rates and life (NCS) surveys a sample of U.S. house- households. Those annual rates, tables published by the National Center holds and publishes annual victimization while of obvious utility to for Health statistics.% The probability rates, and the FBI's Uniform Crime policymakers, researchers, and that a person will be victimized at a Reports (UCR) provide annual rates of statisticians, do not convey to particular age basically depends upon crimes reported to the police. -
Youth Crime Drop Youth DECEMBER 2000 URBAN INSTITUTE Justice Policy Center
R E P O R T December 2000 URBAN INSTITUTE Justice Policy Center Jeffrey A. Butts research for safer communities Youth Crime Drop DECEMBER 2000 URBAN INSTITUTE Justice Policy Center Youth Crime Drop Summary Researchers debate why violent crime in the United States suddenly dropped in the 1990s, but one fact all researchers endorse is that the overall decline in violent crime probably had much to do with falling rates of youth crime. This brief report from the Justice Policy Center examines the recent crime drop and asks how much of the decrease seen between 1995 and 1999 can be attributed to juveniles (under age 18) and older youth (ages 18 to 24). Using the most recent data from the FBI’s Uniform Crime Reports, the analysis demonstrates that not only did America’s violent crime drop continue through 1999, falling youth crime accounted for most of the overall decline. The Author Jeffrey A. Butts (Ph.D., University of Michigan) is a senior research associate with the Urban Institute’s Justice Policy Center, where he is involved in research and evaluation projects on Published by policies and programs for youthful offenders, including federally funded evaluations of teen Justice Policy Center courts and juvenile drug courts. Prior to joining the Urban Institute in 1997, he was a senior URBAN INSTITUTE research associate at the National Center for Juvenile Justice. 2100 M Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20037 The Urban Institute Copyright Ó 2000 The Urban Institute is a nonprofit policy research organization established in Washington, D.C., in 1968. The Institute's goals are to sharpen thinking about society's problems and efforts to solve them, improve government decisions and their implementation, and increase citizens' Any opinions expressed are awareness about important public choices. -
Police Recruitment and Retention in the Contemporary Urban Environment
THE ARTS This PDF document was made available from www.rand.org as a public CHILD POLICY service of the RAND Corporation. CIVIL JUSTICE EDUCATION ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT Jump down to document6 HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS NATIONAL SECURITY The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit research POPULATION AND AGING organization providing objective analysis and effective PUBLIC SAFETY solutions that address the challenges facing the public SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY and private sectors around the world. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE WORKFORCE AND WORKPLACE Support RAND Purchase this document Browse Books & Publications Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore the RAND Center on Quality Policing View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Unauthorized posting of RAND PDFs to a non-RAND Web site is prohibited. RAND PDFs are protected under copyright law. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please see RAND Permissions. This product is part of the RAND Corporation conference proceedings series. RAND conference proceedings present a collection of papers delivered at a conference or a summary of the conference. The material herein has been vetted by the conference attendees and both the introduction and the post-conference material have been re- viewed and approved for publication by the sponsoring research unit at RAND. -
FY2017 Annual Report Alabama Law Enforcement Agency
FY2017 Annual Report Alabama Law Enforcement Agency [intentionally blank] Alabama Law Enforcement Agency 2017 Annual Report Office of the Secretary The Secretary of Law Enforcement statutorily appoints and oversees the Division Directors for the Department of Public Safety and the State Bureau of Investigation. The Office of the Secretary also consists of the following units: Homeland Security, Protective Services, Administration, Support Services, and Integrity. Homeland Security The Homeland Security Program works with federal, state and local partners to prevent and respond to terrorism in the state. Homeland Security works closely with the public and private sectors in law enforcement, emergency medical services, fire services, agriculture, public health, public safety, communications, environmental management, military and transportation. The Homeland Security Program is also the administrator for the Grants Administered State Homeland Security Grant Program (SHSGP). The purpose of the SHSGP is to support state and local efforts to prevent terrorism and other catastrophic events and to prepare the state for the threats and hazards that pose the greatest risk to the $11,652,000 security of the United States. In fiscal year 2017, the department administered $11,652,000 to state and local partners. Protective Services Protective Services consists of the Dignitary Protection and Uniform units. Protective Services is responsible for providing general law enforcement/police services at all state facilities, buildings, and other designated properties (primarily within the state Capitol complex in Montgomery), as mandated by §32-2-100, Code of Alabama, 1975; providing for the protection of certain state officers and visiting dignitaries to the state as mandated by §36- 33-1, et. -
Seattle Police Department
Seattle Police Department Adrian Diaz, Interim Chief of Police (206) 684-5577 http://www.seattle.gov/police/ Department Overview The Seattle Police Department (SPD) addresses crime, enforces laws, and enhances public safety by delivering respectful, professional, and dependable police services. SPD divides operations into five precincts. These precincts define east, west, north, south, and southwest patrol areas, with a police station in each area. The department's organizational model places neighborhood-based emergency response services at its core, allowing SPD the greatest flexibility in managing public safety. Under this model, neighborhood-based personnel in each precinct assume responsibility for public safety management, primary crime prevention and law enforcement. Precinct-based detectives investigate property crimes and crimes involving juveniles, whereas detectives in centralized units located at SPD headquarters downtown and elsewhere conduct follow-up investigations into other types of crimes. Other parts of the department function to train, equip, and provide policy guidance, human resources, communications, and technology support to those delivering direct services to the public. Interim Police Chief Adrian Diaz has committed the department to five focus areas to anchor itself throughout the on-going work around the future of community safety: • Re-envisioning Policing - Engage openly in a community-led process of designing the role the department should play in community safety • Humanization - Prioritize the sanctity -
Geospatial Technology Working Group Meeting Report on Predictive Policing �
U.S. Department of Justice Geospatial Technology Working Group Meeting Report on Predictive Policing � Prepared by: Ronald E. Wilson Susan C. Smith John D. Markovic James L. LeBeau Scottsdale, Arizona � October 15-16, 2009 � NCJ 237409 In Attendance: • Belledin, Stacy – Lakewood (CO) Police Department • Bess, Michael – Charlotte-Mecklenburg (NC) Police Department • Brown, Timothy – Mapping and Analysis for Public Safety Program and Data Resources, National Institute of Justice • Buslik, Marc – Chicago (IL) Police Department • Groff, Dr. Elizabeth – Temple University • Hart, Dr. Timothy – University of Nevada, Las Vegas • Hubbs, Robert – Knox County (TN) Sheriff’s Office • LeBeau, Dr. James – Southern Illinois University, Carbondale • Mallard, Jim – Arlington (TX) Police Department • Markovic, John – Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) Office • Paulsen, Dr. Derek – Eastern Kentucky University • Scalisi, Nicole – Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) Office • Smith, Kurt – San Diego (CA) Sheriff’s Department • Smith, Susan – Shawnee (KS) Police Department/Geospatial Center of Excellence • Stallo, Mark – Dallas (TX) Police Department • Wartell, Julie – San Diego (CA) District Attorney’s Office • Waugh, Beth – Liberty Business Associates, LLC • Williams, D’Ondria – South Carolina Research Authority (SCRA) • Wilson, Melissa – Hillsborough County (FL) Sheriff’s Office • Wilson, Ronald – Mapping and Analysis for Public Safety Program and Data Resources, National Institute of Justice Introduction The purpose of this report is to provide input from the Geospatial Technical Working Group (TWG) regarding their thoughts and perspectives about predictive policing. It was specifically written in preparation for the Predictive Policing Symposium jointly hosted by the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) and the Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA). The Geospatial TWG is supported and organized by NIJ. -
Reentry Strategy E M E N T R E E N T R
P l a n n i n g a LANNING AND SSESSING A n P A d A s s e s s i n g a L a Law Enforcement w E n f o r c Reentry Strategy e m e n t R e e n t r Council of State Governments y Justice Center S t r a t e g y 100 Wall Street 4630 MontgomeryAvenue 504 West 12th Street 20th Floor Suite 650 Austin,TX 78701 New York, NY 10005 Bethesda, MD 20814 tel: 512-507-6653 tel: 212-482-2320 tel: 301-760-2401 fax: 512-474-5011 fax: 212-482-2344 fax: 240-497-0568 www.justicecenter.csg.org For More Information U.S. Department of Justice Office of Community Oriented Policing Services 1100VermontAvenue, N.W. Washington, DC 20530 To obtain details about COPS programs, call the COPS Office Response Center at 800.421.6770 Visit COPS Online at www.cops.usdoj.gov . e080813162 Planning and Assessing a Law Enforcement Reentry Strategy A report prepared by the Council of State Governments Justice Center and the Police Executive Research Forum for the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services U.S. Department of Justice Matt Schwarzfeld Deirdre Mead Weiss Martha Plotkin Laura Draper This report was prepared by the Council of State Governments Justice Center, in partnership with the Police Executive Research Forum. It was completed under Cooperative Agreement 2005–HS–WX–K007 awarded by the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, U.S. Department of Justice. The opinions contained herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. -
PRE-CRIME and COUNTER-TERRORISM Imagining Future Crime in the ' War on Terror '
doi:10.1093/bjc/azp023 BRIT. J. CRIMINOL. (2009) 49, 628–645 Advance Access publication 11 May 2009 PRE-CRIME AND COUNTER-TERRORISM Imagining Future Crime in the ‘ War on Terror ’ Jude McCulloch and Sharon Pickering * Downloaded from This article looks at pre-crime in the context of counter-terrorism. Pre-crime links coercive state actions to suspicion without the need for charge, prosecution or conviction. It also includes measures that expand the remit of the criminal law to include activities or associations that are deemed to precede the substantive offence targeted for prevention. The trend towards anticipating risks as a driving principle in criminal justice was identifi ed well before 2001. However, risk and threat anticipation have substantially expanded in the context of contemporary counter-terrorism http://bjc.oxfordjournals.org frameworks. Although pre-crime counter-terrorism measures are rationalized on the grounds of preventing terrorism, these measures do not fi t in the frame of conventional crime prevention. The article argues that the shift to pre-crime embodies a trend towards integrating national security into criminal justice along with a temporal and geographic shift that encompasses a blurring of the borders between the states ’ internal and external coercive capacities. The counter-terrorism framework incorporates and combines elements of criminal justice and national security, giving rise to a number of tensions. One key tension is between the ideal of impartial criminal justice and the politically charged concept of national security. Pre-crime counter-terrorism measures can be traced through a number of interlinking historical trajectories including the wars on crime and drugs, at King's College London on May 5, 2010 criminalization and, more fundamentally, in colonial strategies of domination, control and repression.