Удк 550.34.01 Карпенко B.H.1 , Стародуб Ю.Π. , Стасенко B.H
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Buletinul Institutului de Geologie úi Seismologie al AùM, N2, 2013 ɍȾɄ 550.34.01 Ʉɚɪɩɟɧɤɨȼɇ.1, ɋɬɚɪɨɞɭɛɘɉ.2, ɋɬɚɫɟɧɤɨȼɇ.3, ɄɚɪɩɟɧɤɨȺȼ.4 Ɇɨɞɟɥɢɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɪɟɞɵɫ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ Abstract The article considers the velocity models of the geological environment, which are observed in seismic experiments. Geological medium considered as a physical model of homogeneous elastic half-space with a continuous increase in the values of the elastic moduli as a function of increasing energy geostatic with depth. In the considered physico-mathematical model is introduced accounting lateral stress, which increases the accuracy of the theoretical determination of the average and interval velocities of P-waves during seismic data processing. Rezumat În articol sunt analizate modelele de viteză ale mediului geologic, care sunt aplicate în experimentele seismice. Mediului geologic este privit ca un model fizic al unui spaĠiu semiinfinit elastic úi omogen cu o creútere lentă a modulului de elasticitate în funcĠie de creúterea energiei geostatice cu adâncimea. Modelul fizico-matematic analizat ia în considerĠie úi tensiunea laterală, lucru ce asigura o crestere a preciziei determinării teoretice a vitezelor medii úi de de interval al undei P în procesul procesării datelor seismice. Ɋɟɡɸɦɟ ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɯ. Ƚɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɚ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɦɨɞɟɥɶɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɝɨɭɩɪɭɝɨɝɨɩɨɥɭɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚɫɩɥɚɜɧɵɦɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɭɩɪɭɝɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɟɨɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɫ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɨɣ. ȼ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɭɸ ɮɢɡɢɤɨɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɜɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɭɱɟɬ ɛɨɤɨɜɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ, ɱɬɨɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɫɪɟɞɧɢɯɢɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɶɧɵɯɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɟɣ Ɋɜɨɥɧɵɧɚɷɬɚɩɟɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢɞɚɧɧɵɯɫɟɣɫɦɨɪɚɡɜɟɞɤɢ. ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ. Ɂɚɞɚɱɢ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ, ɪɚɡɜɟɞɤɢ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɧɟɮɬɢ ɢ ɝɚɡɚ, ɧɟ ɪɟɲɚɸɬɫɹ ɛɟɡ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɟɣ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɚɤɭɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɥɧ ɜ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɪɟɞɟ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟɜɚɠɧɵɦɢɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɵɟɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ Ɋ- ɢ Sɜɨɥɧ. Ʉɚɠɞɚɹɜɨɥɧɚɢɦɟɟɬɞɜɟɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɵɟɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢɜɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɪɟɞɟ: ɫɪɟɞɧɸɸ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɶɧɭɸ. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɷɬɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɧ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɬ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɫ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɨɣ, ɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɟɣɧɚɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɯɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹɩɨɫɬɨɯɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭɡɚɤɨɧɭ. 1Ⱦɉ “ɇɚɭɤɚɧɚɮɬɨɝɚɡ” ɇȺɄ “ɇɚɮɬɨɝɚɡ” ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ 2ɅɶɜɨɜɫɤɢɣȽɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬȻɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɀɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ 3 3ɇȺɄ “ɇɚɮɬɨɝɚɡ” ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ 4 4ɂȽɎɢɦ. ɋɂ. ɋɭɛɛɨɬɢɧɚɇȺɇɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ 5 Buletinul Institutului de Geologie úi Seismologie al AùM, N2, 2013 ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ. ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɚ ɨɛɳɚɹɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɟɣ Ɋ- ɢ Sɜɨɥɧ: ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɮɢɡɢɤɨɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹɚɤɭɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɜɨɥɧɜɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɪɟɞɟ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɊ- ɢ S-ɜɨɥɧɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵɪɚɡɧɵɟɝɟɨɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɦɟɬɨɞɵ [1-5], ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɲɢɪɨɤɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹɧɚɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟɛɨɥɶɲɟɱɟɦ 80 ɥɟɬ. ɇɚɪɢɫ. 1 ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞ Ƚɋ), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɚɩɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɰɢɢ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟɜɬɚɛɥ. 1. v v v v z z z z IV – ̨̨̨̛̪̬̣̦̏̽̚- I – ̨̨̨̦̬̦̔̔̌́ ʳʳ - ̛̬̖̦̯̦̐̌̔̌́ ʳʳʳ – ̨̛̬̖̦̯̦̐̌̔- ̸̨̡̛̛̭̥̪̯̯̖̭̌̌́ ̸̨̡̛̛̭̥̪̯̯̖̭̌̌́ v v v v z z z z V – ̨̨̨̨̦̬̦̔̔- sʳ – ̨̨̨̨̦̬̦̔̔- sʳʳ – ̨̛̬̖̦̯̦̐̌̔- sʳʳʳ - ̨̺̍̌́ ̨̨̨̛̯̣̭̯̭̣̭̯̌́ ̨̡̨̨̛̯̦̭̣̭̯̌́ ̨̛̭̣̭̯̌́ Ɋɢɫ. 1. ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɵɟɦɨɞɟɥɢɊɜɨɥɧɵɜɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɪɟɞɟ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɝɟɨɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ Ɋ- ɢ S-ɜɨɥɧ ɟɫɬɶ ɝɨɞɨɝɪɚɮɵ,,ɜɪɟɦɹɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ” ɜ ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɆɋȽɌ), ɫɟɣɫɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ (ɋɄ) ɢ ɚɤɭɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ (ȺɄ) ɤɚɪɨɬɚɠɚɯ. ɋɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɷɬɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɹ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɪɚɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ȺɄ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜɋɄɢɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɧɵɯɞɚɧɧɵɯɋɄɞɥɹɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜɆɋȽɌɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɧɚɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢɞɚɠɟɜɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ. ɇɚɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟɬɚɤɚɹɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɹɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɨɩɪɢɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɧɵɯ ɫɟɣɫɦɨɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɨɜ ɫ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ (5-10 ɦ), ɞɚɠɟ ɜɨɡɥɟ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ. Ⱦɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɹɰɢɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɨɬɞɚɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɬ ɫɤɜɚɠɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɟ ɢ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹɯɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɸɬɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯɞɟɫɹɬɤɨɜɦɟɬɪɨɜ [7]. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɨɣɞɥɹɬɨɱɧɨɣɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɵɯɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ Ɋ- ɢ S-ɜɨɥɧ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɝɟɨɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɮɢɡɢɤɨɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ Ƚɋ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɥɚ ɛɵ ɷɬɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ, ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɥɚɢɯɫɜɹɡɶɫɝɟɨɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɷɧɟɪɝɢɟɣɢɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢȽɋɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɭɩɪɭɝɨɫɬɢ. ɂɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ Ɋ- ɢ Sɜɨɥɧ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɫɟɣɫɦɨɪɚɡɜɟɞɤɢ, ɤɱɟɦɭɫɬɪɟɦɹɬɫɹɜɫɟɦɟɬɨɞɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɜɞɚɧɧɨɟɜɪɟɦɹɢ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɵɟɢɧɜɟɪɫɢɟɣ [6, 8, 9]. 6 Buletinul Institutului de Geologie úi Seismologie al AùM, N2, 2013 Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1. ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɟɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ5ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɊɜɨɥɧɵɜȽɋɫɝɥɭɛɢɧɨɣ Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ V(z) tɜ(z) V(tɜ) Vɫɪ(z) ȱ 1 Vt01E% Vz01 1E 9ɟ Vz01E ln1 E1z 0 V01E ln(1)Ez 1 1 2 §·1 Vz02E ȱȱ 2 11E2z V01 Vt 02E Vz02 1E ¨¸% VE 2 2( 1E2z 1) 02 ©¹ 2 1 2Vz03E 1 3 ªº 2 2 11Ez3 §·2 ªº Vz1E3 «» 3 V1 VtE 311Ez3 03 2VE¬¼0¨¸ 03% «» 2 03 ©¹3 ¬¼ 1 n (n 1) VzE u 1 0n Vz1En n 1 ȱȱȱ 0 n , Vn0 En ( 1) n 1 ªº §·(n 1) nz11En n 1 V1 VtE «» n (n – ɰɟɥɨɟɱɢɫɥɨ) ªº00¨¸n % ¬¼ n ©¹n nt1 u 11En z «» ¬¼ 1rz V V kz kz ªº1e 0 0 V0ɟ ¬¼ kz Vk0 1 V kt 1 e 01 akz a bå kz 1 a be kz aVeakt1 ȱV ln 0 a bekz kz akt1 ln ()V0 ab ak v 0 e b Ve0 kz Ve0 Azn 1 v n 1 n n VV0 v n 1 V0 Az dV – VV0 AVn ³ n dV v 0 ³ (n – ɰɟɥɨɟɱɢɫɥɨ) V v 0 V Az2 1 2§·V ªº§·1 VVVln 1 2 2 2¨¸00 – «»¨¸Az V0 Az AV 2AzV2 ln1 ©¹0 «»0 ¨¸ ¨¸V0 ¬¼«»©¹ shAzB 2Avt1 % AVz VthAzB() 1 §·1e 1 1 ln ¨¸shAzB VI V shB V1 1 ()V01 V thB 1 ln ¨¸ucosechB2 2 shB ©¹ 1ªºA§· Bz Vz1 ztln, A «»¨¸ AzE V1 VVa11¬¼©¹ §· za zln1¨¸ – Va A 1 ©¹, ()VV01 V1 E V 1 VII a E V0 a 1 V 0 ªº 2Vzz0 c 1 2222 z 2 «»z zcc z z arsh 1 z – 222z 1 2Vzz0cc¬¼ z z z2 z arsh z 2 cc c zc 2 z V 0 VIII Vz(1) J 2 Vz(1) J 0 Vz(1) J (1) VtJ 0 0 0 % 5ɉɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɟɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵɮɭɧɤɰɢɣɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨ [1]. 7 Buletinul Institutului de Geologie úi Seismologie al AùM, N2, 2013 Ɂɚɞɚɱɚ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɮɢɡɢɤɨɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹɚɤɭɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɜɨɥɧɵɜɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɪɟɞɟ. ɉɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ. ɉɟɪɜɨɣ ɮɢɡɢɤɨɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɸ ɞɥɹ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɣ Ƚɋ, ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɸɳɟɣ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɘɧɝɚ, ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɶɧɵɯɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɟɣ Ɋ- ɢ Sɜɨɥɧɫɝɥɭɛɢɧɨɣ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɷɧɟɪɝɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɂɆȽɋ [10], ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɚɹɜɡɚɞɚɱɚɯɩɨɢɫɤɚɢɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢɦɟɫɬɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɧɟɮɬɢɢɝɚɡɚɜɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ [11-14, 16-18]. 0 X ɊɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦɂɆȽɋ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɭɸ ɧɚ l0 w 0 w ɪɢɫ. 2, ɢɟɟɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɢ e0 ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 2. W L L WL ɂɆȽɋ - ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ W ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ Ƚɋ (ɭɩɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɦɢ) ɢ ɝɟɨɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ww ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹɫɝɥɭɛɢɧɨɣ. w L l0 00L eL ȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɹɹ ɨɛɳɚɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ S 0 Y ɭɩɪɭɝɚɹ) ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɫ ɚ) ɛ) ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɭɩɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɮɢɡɢɤɨ- Ɋɢɫ. 2. Ɇɨɞɟɥɶɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɪɟɞɵɫɨɫɚɞɤɨɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟɦ. ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟɦ: ɚ) – ɪɟɚɥɶɧɚɹ; ɛ) – ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɚɹ. E0 ew 00 , (1) w0– ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɵɣɨɛɴɟɦɫɪɟɞɵ; wL– ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚɨɛɴɟɦɚɧɚɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ L; ɝɞɟ: 2 WL– ɪɟɚɥɶɧɚɹɮɨɪɦɚɨɛɴɟɦɚ W ɩɪɢ eV0 U 00P – ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɦɜɫɟɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɦɫɠɚɬɢɢ; ɫɪɟɞɵ, Ⱦɠɦ3; W – ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɣɨɛɴɟɦɞɨɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ L ɧɚɞ S0; 3 3 wl00 – ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɵɣɨɛɴɟɦɫɪɟɞɵ, 1 ɦ . w=W-W – ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧɧɵɣɨɛɴɟɦ; L Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ w lS ɧɚ ɡɟɦɧɨɣ w – ɨɛɴɟɦ w ɧɚɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ L. 0 00 0L 0 ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɨɫɚɞɤɨɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɬ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɭ L , ɱɬɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟɦ w0 ɞɨ 2 wwL 0 ɢɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ e0 ɞɨ eL . ɇɚɞɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɨɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ S0 1ɦ ɨɬɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ L ɞɨɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢɁɟɦɥɢɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɵɜɚɟɬɫɹɨɛɴɟɦ W SL0 . ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 2ɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɨɫɚɞɤɨɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 2ɛ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ - ɞɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ (ɭɩɥɨɬɧɟɧɢɹ) ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ,,ɫɬɟɪɠɧɹ” ɩɨɞɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦɝɪɚɜɢɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨɩɨɥɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ T=0 ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɹɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɫɪɟɞɵɜɨɛɴɟɦɟ WLɪɚɜɧɚ: ELeLWLconstLL() () () , (2) ɝɞɟ: 11YLW e() L e () Y dY e ( W ) dW - ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɨɝɨ LW³³00 Ylw 00 ɨɛɴɟɦɚɫɪɟɞɵ ww00 L ɜɨɛɴɟɦɟ WL . 8 Buletinul Institutului de Geologie úi Seismologie al AùM, N2, 2013 Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2. ɗɧɟɪɝɨɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟɦɨɞɟɥɢɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɫɪɟɞɵ 9 Buletinul Institutului de Geologie úi Seismologie al AùM, N2, 2013 Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ (2), ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɜ ɡɚɩɢɫɶ ɞɥɹ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɚ - L, ɜ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦɜɢɞɟ: wEL we eWL 0 , ɬ. ɤ. EL const (3) wwWWLL ɢɥɢ, ɫɭɱɟɬɨɦ wWW L , ɜɜɢɞɟ: 111wWLww cw const , (4) e WLw e awe w ɝɞɟ cw ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɣɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɛɴɟɦɧɨɝɨɫɠɚɬɢɹɭɩɪɭɝɨɣɫɩɥɨɲɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɨɝɨɨɛɴɟɦɚ; a W const . ȼ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ WL ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ cw const , ɧɨ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ e ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹɨɬ e0 ɞɨ eL , ɬɟ. ɢɦɟɟɬɦɟɫɬɨɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ e0 oo eeL ɜɨɛɴɟɦɟ WL ɩɨɝɟɨɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭɡɚɤɨɧɭ. Ⱦɥɹɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɡɚɤɨɧɚɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ e0 oo eeL , ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ (4) ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ, ɡɚɞɚɜ ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ: eYle( 00 ); eYLe( ); LwYl( 0 )0 : wYLw() ; aw 0L , ɬɨɝɞɚ eL w ww weeC . (5) ³³aw ew0 0 Ɉɬɤɭɞɚ: ªº§·w eeL 0 «»1 ln1¨¸ (6) ¬¼©¹w0 L ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭɜɨɛɴɟɦɟ w0L ɧɚɝɥɭɛɢɧɟ L ɫɪɟɞɚɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɡɨɬɪɨɩɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ eL const , ɚ ɜ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ WL - ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɧɢɡɨɬɪɨɩɢɹ ( e0 oo eeL ) ɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɡɚɦɟɧɟɧɚɧɚɫɪɟɞɭɫɢɡɨɬɪɨɩɧɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ e const , ɬɨɞɥɹɨɛɟɢɯɫɪɟɞ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 2) ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɵ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ: 'ELL eW' ® , (7) ¯E00LLL ew ɝɞɟ: 'WWWwLL , ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ, ɩɪɢ ee L ɜɬɨɱɤɟ L, ɦɨɠɧɨɫɞɟɥɚɬɶɡɚɦɟɧɭ: w'E L. (8) wE00LL 10 Buletinul Institutului de Geologie úi Seismologie al AùM, N2, 2013 Ɉɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɜ ɩɨɞɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ