THE INDIGENOUS WORLD 2006 Copenhagen 2006 THE INDIGENOUS WORLD 2006 Compilation and editing: Sille Stidsen Regional editors: The Circumpolar North & North America: Kathrin Wessendorf Central and South America: Alejandro Parellada Australia and the Pacifi c: Sille Stidsen and Jens Dahl Asia: Christian Erni and Sille Stidsen Middle East: Diana Vinding and Sille Stidsen Africa: Marianne Wiben Jensen International Processes: Lola García-Alix Cover, typesetting and maps: Jorge Monrás English translation and proof reading: Elaine Bolton Prepress and Print: Eks-Skolens Trykkeri, Copenhagen, Denmark ISSN 1024-0217 - ISBN 87-91563-18-6 © The authors and IWGIA (The International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs), 2006 - All Rights Reserved The reproduction and distribution of information contained in The Indigenous World is welcome as long as the source is cited. However, the reproduction of the whole BOOK should not occur without the consent of IWGIA. The opinions expressed in this publication do not necessarily refl ect those of the International Work Group. The Indigenous World is published annually in English and Spanish by The International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs. Director: Jens Dahl Deputy Director: Lola García Alix Administrator: Anni Hammerlund Distribution in North America: Transaction Publishers 390 Campus Drive / Somerset, New Jersey 08873 www.transactionpub.com This book has been produced with financial support from the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, NORAD, Sida and the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland. INTERNATIONAL WORK GROUP FOR INDIGENOUS AFFAIRS Classensgade 11 E, DK 2100 - Copenhagen, Denmark Tel: (45) 35 27 05 00 - Fax: (45) 35 27 05 07 E-mail: [email protected] - Web: www.iwgia.org CONTENTS Editorial ..................................................................................................... 10 About our contributors .......................................................................... 14 PART I – REGION AND COUNTRY REPORTS The Circumpolar North The Arctic Council .......................................................................28 Greenland ......................................................................................33 Sápmi Norway ......................................................................................39 Finland .......................................................................................45 Russia .............................................................................................51 Alaska (USA) ................................................................................59 Arctic Canada ...............................................................................67 North America Canada ...........................................................................................76 United States of America ............................................................ 86 Mexico and Central America Mexico ............................................................................................98 Guatemala ...................................................................................112 Nicaragua ....................................................................................120 Panama ........................................................................................130 South America Colombia .....................................................................................138 Venezuela ....................................................................................146 Suriname .....................................................................................154 Ecuador ....................................................................................... 161 Peru ..............................................................................................171 Bolivia ..........................................................................................182 Brazil ...........................................................................................190 Paraguay ......................................................................................201 Argentina ....................................................................................211 Chile .............................................................................................221 Australia and the Pacific Australia ......................................................................................232 The Islands of the Pacific ......................................................... 241 West Papua ..................................................................................265 East and Southeast Asia Japan ............................................................................................274 Tibet ..............................................................................................280 Taiwan ..........................................................................................286 Philippines ..................................................................................291 Indonesia .....................................................................................300 Malaysia ...................................................................................... 309 Thailand .......................................................................................315 Cambodia ....................................................................................323 Vietnam .......................................................................................330 Laos .............................................................................................338 Burma ..........................................................................................347 Nagalim .......................................................................................356 South Asia Bangladesh ..................................................................................364 Nepal ............................................................................................374 India .............................................................................................381 Middle East The Marsh Dwellers of Iraq ......................................................400 The Bedouins of Israel ...............................................................406 North and West Africa The Amazigh people of Morocco .............................................416 The Touareg People .................................................................. 421 The Horn of Africa and East Africa Ethiopia .......................................................................................430 Kenya ..........................................................................................439 Tanzania ......................................................................................448 Central Africa, Cameroon and Gabon Uganda ........................................................................................460 Rwanda ........................................................................................464 Burundi ........................................................................................470 The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) ............................474 Republic of Congo (Congo Brazaville) .................................. 478 Gabon ...........................................................................................483 Cameroon ....................................................................................488 Southern Africa Angola .........................................................................................494 Namibia ......................................................................................505 Botswana ....................................................................................512 South Africa ................................................................................514 PART II – INTERNATIONAL PROCESSES UN World Summit – Reform of the Human Rights Bodies ..............520 The UN Commission on Human Rights – 61st session .............................................................................................522 The Special Rapporteur – Overview 2005 ........................................... 528 The Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues – 4th session ...............................................................................................536 The UN Working Group on Indigenous Populations ........................544 The UN Draft Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples ....................................................548 The African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights .................................................................................558 Indigenous peoples and the Convention on Biological Diversity in 2005 ..............................................................563 PART III – GENERAL INFORMATION General Information on IWGIA ............................................................574 EDITORIAL - CONTRIBUTORS 9 EDITORIAL CONTRIBUTORS 10 IWGIA - THE INDIGENOUS WORLD - 2006 EDITORIAL lthough 2005 saw significant progress made in terms of recognis- Aing indigenous peoples’ rights, this first year in the second UN decade of the World’s Indigenous Peoples (2005-2014) also witnessed an endless number of denials or violations of those same rights. The 2005 United Nations World Summit’s final document represents an ex- tremely important step forward for indigenous peoples as it consoli- dates the use of