Resettlement Planning Document Resettlement Plan (NR 56 and NR 68-B) Document Stage: Final Project Number: 42358-01 May 2009 Cambodia: Greater Mekong Subregion: Northwestern Provincial Road Improvement Project The Resettlement Plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of the ADB Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of March 2009) Currency Unit - Riel (KHR) - US Dollar ($) KHR 4,000.00 = $1.00 ABBREVIATIONS ADB - Asian Development Bank AP/AH - affected person/affected household COI corridor of impact DBST - double bituminous surface treatment DOL - Department of Land DMS - detailed measurement survey EA - executing agency EMA - external monitoring agency EMDP - ethnic minority development plan IOL - inventory of losses IRC - Inter-ministerial Resettlement Committee IRC-RD - IRC Resettlement Department MEF - Ministry of Economy and Finance MPWT - Ministry of Public Works and Transport NR - national road NTP - notice to proceed PIU - Project Implementation Unit PRSC - Provincial Resettlement Sub-Committee PRSC-WG - Provincial Resettlement Sub-Committee Working Group RCS - replacement cost study ROW - right-of-way RP - resettlement plan RU - resettlement unit SES - socio-economic survey WEIGHTS AND MEASURES ha - hectare kg - kilogram km - kilometer lm - linear meter m - meter i ii DEFINITION OF TERMS Affected person (AP) / - Refers to any person or persons, household, firm, private or Affected Household public institution that, on account of changes resulting from the (AH) Project, will have its (i) standard of living adversely affected; (ii) right, title or interest in any house, land (including residential, commercial, agricultural, forest and/or grazing land), water resources or any other moveable or fixed assets acquired, possessed, restricted or otherwise adversely affected, in full or in part, permanently or temporarily; and/or (iii) business, occupation, place of work or residence or habitat adversely affected, with or without displacement. In the case of affected household (AH), it includes all members residing under one roof and operating as a single economic unit, who are adversely affected by a project or any of its components. Compensation - This is payment given in cash or in kind to APs at replacement cost for assets, resources or income acquired or adversely affected by the project Corridor of impact (COI) - It is the area which is impacted by the road works or by the need to retain sites for future use for construction or for repair and maintenance, and is important in two particular respects: 1. Legally as the area within which APs will be entitled to compensation and other measures (in general coming under the heading of resettlement) for any loss of land, structures or land use and occupation and of livelihoods; and 2. Operationally as the agreed and demarcated area within which the road and related works will take place. Cut-off date - This refers to the date prior to which the occupation or use of the project area makes residents/users of the same eligible to be categorized as AP. For NR 56, the cut-off date coincides with the period the census of affected persons and the inventory of losses (IOL) thereat were conducted; i.e., June 27 – July 12, 2008. Persons not covered in the census are not eligible for compensation and other entitlements, unless they can show proof that (i) they have been inadvertently missed out during the census and the IOL; or (ii) they have lawfully acquired the affected assets following completion of the census and the IOL and prior to the conduct of the detailed measurement survey (DMS). Detailed Measurement - With the use of approved detailed engineering drawings, this Survey (DMS) activity involves the finalization and/or validation of the results of the inventory of losses (IOL), severity of impacts, and list of APs earlier done during RP preparation. The final cost of resettlement will be determined after the DMS. Entitlement - Refers to a range of measures, such as compensation, income restoration support, transfer assistance, livelihood substitution, relocation support, etc., which are provided the APs or AHs depending on the type and severity of their losses to restore their economic and social base. Income restoration - This is involves re-establishing sources of income and livelihood of APs or AHs. ii Inventory of Losses - This is the process where all fixed assets (i.e., land used for (IOL) residence, commerce, agriculture, including ponds; dwelling units; stalls and shops; secondary structures, such as fences, tombs, wells; standing crops and trees with commercial value; etc.) and sources of income and livelihood inside the Project right-of-way (ROW) are identified, measured, their owners identified, their exact location pinpointed, and their replacement costs calculated. The severity of impact on the affected assets and the severity of impact on the livelihood and productive capacity of the AP are determined. Involuntary - It is the displacement of people from their homes, assets, Resettlement sources of income and employment on account of development projects undertaken by the Government and the private sector, such as the improvement of NR 56 Project. Involuntary resettlement may result in any or a combination of the following: loss of abode, loss of fixed assets, loss of income and/or employment, relocation, separation of family members, disintegration of communities, etc. Unless appropriate and adequate mitigation measures are carried out, involuntary resettlement will result to further hardship and impoverishment among the APs, especially the marginal sectors of society. These adverse social impacts of development projects are often borne by APs not of their own volition but involuntarily. Land acquisition - Refers to the process whereby an individual, household, firm or private institution is compelled by the government through the Project’s Executing Agency to alienate all or part of the land it owns or possesses to the ownership and possession of that agency for public purpose in return for compensation at replacement cost. Rehabilitation - This refers to additional support provided to APs losing productive assets, incomes, employment or sources of living, to supplement compensation received for acquired assets, in order to achieve, at a minimum, full restoration of living standards and quality of life. Relocation - This is the physical relocation of an AP from his/her pre-project place of residence and/or business. Replacement cost - This is the amount calculated before displacement which is needed to replace an affected asset without deductions for taxes, and/or costs of transaction as described below: (i) Productive land (Agricultural, fishpond, garden, forest) based on market prices that reflect recent land sales, and in the absence of such recent sales, based on productive value; (ii) Residential land based on market prices that reflect recent land sales, and in the absence of such recent land sales, based on similar location attributes; (iii) Houses and other related structures based on current market prices of materials and labor without depreciation nor deductions for salvaged building materials; (iv) Standing crops based current market value of the crop at the time of compensation; (v) Perennial crops and trees, cash compensation equivalent to current market value given the type, age and productive value (future production) at the time of compensation. iii iv (vi) Timber trees, based on diameter at breast height at current market prices. Replacement Cost - This involves the conduct of empirical research to determine the Study replacement costs of affected assets. Resettlement - Refers to various measures provided to APs or AHs to mitigate any and all adverse social impacts, including compensation, relocation (where relevant), and rehabilitation as needed. Resettlement Plan - This is a time-bound action plan with budget, setting out the resettlement objectives and strategies, entitlements, activities and responsibilities, and resettlement monitoring and evaluation. Right-of-way (ROW) - Right-of-Way is the area, owned or still to be acquired, reserved for public use or for a government project, such as a road. Government Order (Prakas) No. 6, dated 27 September 1999 has set a right-of-way (ROW) of 50 meters for national roads (NR) with a one-digit number (i.e. NR Nos. 2, 3, 6, and 7), with the exception of NR Nos. 1, 4, and 5, which have a ROW of 60 meters. Similarly, national roads 11, 22, 64, 56, 68, and 78 have a ROW of 50 meters. Urban areas traversed by the aforementioned roads may have narrower ROW to be determined and approved by competent Government agencies. Severely affected This refers to affected households who will (i) lose 10% or more households - of their total productive land and/or assets, (ii) have to relocate; and/or (iii) lose 10% or more of their total income sources due to the Project. Vulnerable groups - These are distinct groups of people who might suffer disproportionately or face the risk of being further marginalized by the effects of resettlement and specifically include: (i) households headed by women with dependents, (ii) disabled household heads, (iii) households falling under the generally accepted indicator for poverty, (iv) children and the elderly households who are landless and with no other means of support, and (v) landless households, (vi) indigenous people or ethnic minorities. iv CONTENTS Page