Environmental Monitoring Report

Quarterly Report March 2013

GMS: Cambodia Northwest Provincial Road Improvement Project

Prepared by the Korea Consultants International for the Ministry of Public Works and Transport, the Kingdom of Cambodia, and the Asian Development Bank.

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 1 April 2013)

Currency unit – riel (KR) KR1.00 = $0.00025 $1.00 = KR3,995

NOTE In this report, "$" refers to US dollars unless otherwise stated.

This environmental monitoring report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS AND TRANSPORT PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT 3

CAMBODIA NORTHWEST PROVINCIAL ROAD IMPROVEMENT PROJECT

ADB LOAN No. 2539-CAM (SF)

QUARTERLY ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING REPORT NO. 4 March 2013

KOREA CONSULTANTS INTERNATIONAL PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT 3 (PMU3) Report Control Form

Project Name: Cambodia Northwest Provincial Road Improvement Project ADB Loan No. 2539-CAM(SF)

Report Name: Quarterly Environmental Monitoring Report No.4, March 2013

PREPARATION, REVIEW AND AUTHORISATION

Prepared by: KIM Cheol Hyun Signature: ………………………………………..

Position: Team Leader / Chief Resident Engineer Date:

Reviewed by: SOK Sam An Signature: ………………………………………..

Position: Project Manager, PMU3 Date:

Approved by: PHENG Sovicheano Signature: ………………………………………..

Position: Project Director, PMU3 Date:

ISSUE REGISTER

Distribution List Date Issued No. of Copies

Ministry of Public Works and Transport 3

Asian Development Bank, Manila 3

Ministry of Economy and Finance 1

KCI Staff: Team Leader, Cambodia 1

Resident Engineer, Sisophon 1

Overseas Dept. Manager, Korea 1

KCEC, Phnom Penh, Cambodia 1

Project File (copy of this form only necessary) 1

REVISION, PREPARATION, REVIEW ISSUE Issued to Revision Date Prepared by Reviewed by Distribution List by: Cambodia Northwest Provincial Road KOREA CONSULTANTS INTERNATIONAL Improvement Project ADB Loan No. 2539-CAM (SF)

CONTENTS

ABBREVIATIONS

PROJECT LOCATION MAP

I. INTRODUCTION

II. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

1. NR 56A 2. NR 56B

III. PHOTOS OF ACTIVITIES

APPENDIX

A. Checklist of EMP Implementation (NR 56A)

B. Supplementary Report to Initial Environmental Examination of NR56

C. Quarterly EMP Monitoring Report of 56B under EDCF Loan KHM-9

D. Preliminary Report on Salvage Archaeology at Kok reas

Ministry of Public Works and Transport i Quarterly Environmental Monitoring Report Project Management Unit (PMU3) March 2013 Cambodia Northwest Provincial Road KOREA CONSULTANTS INTERNATIONAL Improvement Project ADB Loan No. 2539-CAM (SF)

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB Asian Development Bank APL Angkor Protected Landscape APSARA Authority for Protection and Management of Angkor and the Region of Siem Reap DDIS Detailed Design and Implementation Supervision Consultant DoE Department of Environment (Provincial level of MoE) DPWT Department of Public Works and Transport (Provincial level of MPWT) EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan FA Forestry Authority in MAFF GoC Government of Cambodia GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism IEE Initial Environmental Examination MAFF Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries MCFA Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts MOE Ministry of Environment MPWT Ministry of Public Works and Transport ROW right of way SEU Social and Environmental Unit (within MPWT) TSBR Tonle Sap Biosphere Reserve

Ministry of Public Works and Transport ii Quarterly Environmental Monitoring Report Project Management Unit (PMU3) March 2013 KOREA CONSULTANTS INTERNATIONAL Cambodia Northwest Provincial Road Improvement Project ADB Load No. 2539-CAM (SF)

I. INTRODUCTION

1. Brief Description of Project

The NR 56 (the project road) is a major provincial road that traverses two provinces (Bantey Meanchey and Oddar Meanchey) in northwestern Cambodia, and also links the project area with the northern provinces of Thailand. The provinces have a strong potential for agriculture development but the existing road infrastructure is inadequate for sustainable rural development. The project road is gravel road, the surface of which severely degraded and is subject to flooding and thus impassable during the wet season. The road also connects to NR 68 that links with Thailand at O’smach, a strategic border point with strong potential to promote subregional transport and trade between northwestern Cambodia and northeastern Thailand. Therefore the project will increase access to local markets, reduce travel times and vehicle operating costs, and increase tourism, leading to increased economic activity in the project area. Also, by providing more direct routes to border crossings and links to major economic corridors, the project will strengthen sub regional cooperation between Cambodia and Thailand.

The impact of the Project will be increase subregional transport and trade between Cambodia and Thailand due to improved subregional connectivity. Improved access in northwestern Cambodia due to rehabilitated roads will result in more direct routes to border crossings, and enable increased trade and tourism between Cambodia and Thailand. The outcome of the Project will be increased transport efficiency in northwestern Cambodia. The Project will help rehabilitate the provincial road network to increase transport efficiency, sustain economic development in the rural areas and provincial centers, and facilitate social development by reducing the remoteness of the project area.

Under the GMS: Cambodia Road Improvement Project (ADB Loan 1945-CAM (SF)), 38 pre- stressed concrete bridges and 21 box culverts have been constructed along NR 56 and NR 68. In addition, 14 flood-prone road sections, total length about 16 km, have been raised embankment to provide proper public traffic route during wet season.

The road improvement works are divided into three subprojects, (i) NR 56A from Sisophon to Km 29 (29 km), (ii) NR 56B from Km29 of NR 56A to the end point at Samraong (84 km), and (iii) Cross Border Facilities at O’smach. (i) NR 56A and (iii) CBF are financed by the ADB Special Fund Loan, and (ii) NR 56B is financed by the EDCF loan.

The Kingdom of Cambodia is the Borrower of the ADB Loan with the MPWT as the Executing Agency. The ADB loan amount for the Project is SDR 10,512,000 (equivalent of $16.26 million). Loan Agreement has signed on 17 September 2009. The Loan Closing Date shall be 30 June 2014 or such other date as may from time to time be agreed between the Borrower and ADB. • Loan approved date : 24 August 2009 • Loan agreement signed : 17 September 2009 • Loan effectiveness date : 25 November 2009 • Loan closing date : 30 June 2014

Ministry of Public Works and Transport Page 1 Quarterly Environmental Monitoring Report Project Management Unit 3 March 2013 KOREA CONSULTANTS INTERNATIONAL Cambodia Northwest Provincial Road Improvement Project ADB Load No. 2539-CAM (SF)

II. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

The Construction Supervision Consultants play a vital role in ensuring that the environmental and social impacts for implementation of the construction works are minimized and that all aspects of the Environmental Management Plan are implemented and provide assistance to mitigate and manage any unforeseen environmental problems associated with the NPRIP project.

In the NPRIP-MPWT project, the mitigation measures of environmental impacts have been addressed through Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) and Environmental Management Plan (EMP). The protection and enhancement of human-wellbeing is a common demonstrator for both government and donors system and can be seen as ultimate goal of sustainable development.

CW1 Contractor has submitted Construction Environmental Management Plan for Improvement of NR56A on 29 June 2012. It is considered that CEMP submitted by the Contractor is in compliance with EMP and IEE. CEMP was submitted to ADB for review on 16 July 2012.

Prior to the civil work activities the complain mechanism was introduced at project website.

With regard to social impact, HIV Prevention and Anti-Human-Trafficking program was introduced by MPWT and was also monitored by Environment and Social Safeguard (ESS) during the implementation by consultation with commune council and the NGO. The purpose of meeting with local authority (commune councils) is not only to hear complains, social and environmental impacts and satisfaction with the maintenance project but also to verify and confirm whether or not HIV/AIDS campaigns are conducted in the project influence area. In addition, it is an effective public disclosure of safeguard information to local authorities.

It is observed that there is no adverse environmental and social impact to local community along the project influence area during civil works of road construction.

The Updated Resettlement Plan (URP) for the entire NR 56 was approved on 23 November 2012 and the IRC commenced contract negotiation with APs for compensation from mid December 2012. The IRC field team has finished all priority areas set by MPWT and confirmed that compensation agreements with all Ahs in ADB section (NR 56A) were completed. the public consultation for the bypass section of Banteay Chhmar Temple was conducted on February 2013. Compare with RP implementation schedule, the current compensation process is a bit late.

1. NR 56A

Based on the Environmental Management Plan (EMP), site environmental monitoring has carried out by the DDIS Consultants for the civil works of CW1. Environmental monitoring checklist is attached at Appendix A. The Consultants and the Contractor jointly monitor environmental issues included the ADB Mission pointed out on November 2012.

Ministry of Public Works and Transport Page 2 Quarterly Environmental Monitoring Report Project Management Unit 3 March 2013 KOREA CONSULTANTS INTERNATIONAL Cambodia Northwest Provincial Road Improvement Project ADB Load No. 2539-CAM (SF)

1.1 Environmental Permits

i) List of quarry site and Crushing plant

No. Site Location of quarry Crushing Plant Permission Area Remarks PK 19+450 LHS 5.5 km Acquired from Installed at the Ministry of 1 Mountain Slorkram, Slorkrm 6 Ha Commune, Svaychek District, same site Industry, Mines Banteay Meanchey Province and Energy

ii) Owner/Operator of quarry and crushing plant

Type of No. Site Location of quarry Owner/operator License Remarks Facility PK 19+450 LHS 5.5 km from Mountain Slorkram, Slorkrm Ministry of 1 Commune, Svaychek Mr. ANG KI HENG Commercial Industry, District, Banteay Meanchey Mines and Province Energy

1.2 Solid Waste Disposal

The DDIS Consultant instructed and monitored the Contractor as follows; Comments Activity • biodegradable, non-biodegradable and • The Contractor’s camp is necessary to hazardous wastes shall be segregated provide more garbage bins to segregate wastes, and collect regularly and dispose hazardous wastes to site approved by local authorities. • cleared trees, foliage, shrubs and grasses • complied with ADB comment may be given to local farmers/residents for • The farmers/residents may take cleared fodder and fuel or may be disposed through trees, foliage, shrubs and grasses for fodder mulching to improve soil quality and fuel or dispose through mulching to improve soil quality. • It is normal to use fuel wood for cooking in Cambodia’s rural area.

• organic (biodegradables such as food • It would be continuously encouraged to wastes, etc.) waste shall be collected and collect and dispose of organic waste on site disposed of on site by composting by composting. • burning of construction and domestic wastes • complied with ADB comment shall be prohibited • Burning of construction and domestic wastes is prohibited. • Construction wastes shall be disposed only on sites approved by DoE. • recyclables shall be recovered and sold or • The Contractor is requested to segregate given to recyclers recyclables. • hazardous wastes (oily wastes, used • The Contractor is requested to install batteries, fuel drums) shall be segregated concrete floor and bund to catch spills and from other wastes and its storage, transport leaks at Contractor’s campsite. and disposal shall not cause • It is observed fuel tank at Contractor’s contamination/pollution and shall be campsite has no bund to catch spills and

Ministry of Public Works and Transport Page 3 Quarterly Environmental Monitoring Report Project Management Unit 3 March 2013 KOREA CONSULTANTS INTERNATIONAL Cambodia Northwest Provincial Road Improvement Project ADB Load No. 2539-CAM (SF)

undertaken consistent with national and local leaks. regulations • only disposal sites approved by local • The Contractor is requested that solid authorities will be used for the Project wastes shall be disposed on site approved by local authorities.

1.3 Dust

Very high dust is occurring along the road section due to dry season. PMU3 and DDIS Consultant instructed the Contractor shall undertake regular water spraying to keep the soil damp condition along the areas with sensitive receptors such as residential areas, medical facilities, shops, schools, temples, etc. The schedule for water spraying is shown in below; • Number of water truck: 2 tank/vehicle • Capacity of water tank: 2,000 liters • Spray type: Nozzle spray type • Periodic activity: regularly 2 times/day or more in sensitive area such as residential areas, medical centers, shops, schools, temples • Stationed point: Civil work activity area, especially embankment works • Monitoring: Engineer and Project Manager of Contractor

1.4 Health and Safety of Workers

During the Loan Review Mission on 19 to 26 November 2012, the Mission noted that most of the workers are still not. The DDIS Consultant has instructed the Contractor continuously that the workers shall be taken safety equipments such as safety shoes, hard hats, safety goggles and gloves for those working with drilling equipment, metal cutting/grinding equipment all the while their civil work activity. The Contractor has tried to improve workers’ safety. It is a bit hard to improve safety due to lack of worker’s safety awareness and hot weather. However, the Contractor is required to pay more attention to improve worker’s safety.

1.5 Grievance

As of the end of March 2013, there is no grievance from local residents and local authorities as well.

1.6 Update of IEE

The DDIS Consultant carried out IEE update for traversing the core area of Banteay Chhmar Temple in Thma Puok District Banteay Meanchey Province. The public consultation at village level for access road to Banteay Chhmar Temple was done. The supplementary report to Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) for access road to Banteay Chhmar Temple was completed on March 2013 and submitted to ADB on 15 March 2013. The supplementary IEE is attached at Appendix D.

Ministry of Public Works and Transport Page 4 Quarterly Environmental Monitoring Report Project Management Unit 3 March 2013 KOREA CONSULTANTS INTERNATIONAL Cambodia Northwest Provincial Road Improvement Project ADB Load No. 2539-CAM (SF)

Environmental and social safeguard monitoring

Below is the summarize table of the environmental and social safeguard monitoring from January to March 2013. Safeguard Monitoring No. Activities related Issues Remarks Activity/Suggestion/Comment 1 Equipment: Accident risk • Over-width and over-length vehicles • Up to now there is no from mobilizing should display adequate warnings accident from mobilizing construction equipment such as flashing lights, signs, and construction equipment flags on extending parts of equipment. 2 Equipment: Mobilization • At this time mobilization of • Up to now there is no of equipment could have equipment is almost completed for complaining from local air and noise pollution the initial stage works. people during the impacts in nearby • Commune chief and village chief are consultation with settlement informed of the construction activity commune council as well • Contractor keeps low speed when as house-to-house moving heavy vehicle/equipment consultation. during civil work activities. 3 Workforce: The • The contractors are committed to • It is a bit hard to get local introduction of an outside use local labor force, where the road people to participate in workforce can have traverses, as much as possible in the construction, negative impact on health their construction site. especially, women. and social well-being of local people 4 Impacts on local wildlife • Any worker conduct hunting, or • Up to now there is no by workforce– in buying wildlife from local people, will contravention. contravention of Joint be dismissed from job. Prakas of the Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of Agriculture on Prohibition of Hunting and Catching of Wildlife Animals (1996) 5 Workers safety: Accident • Warning and/or Precaution Signs on • Up to now there is no risk from mobilizing safety. accident. • Provide full PPE; Helmets, boots, warning jackets etc. • Instruction on health and safety. 6 Outbreak of disease • Provide enough water supplies for • Up to now there is no workers, and ensure sufficient outbreak of disease. sanitation for the camp: the proper location for solid waste disposal. • Make medical treatment available for workers. Provide workers mosquito nets and malaria-prevention medication, if needed, spray around camp area with chemicals against mosquitoes. 7 Pollution caused by • Flash toilet is used with septic tank • It is observed that there is domestic sewage and (in engineer / Contractor office) or no pollution caused by solid waste soak away sewerage system in labor the project. campsite. • Environmental and social safeguard checklist was distributed for the purpose of checking during work implementation and try to mitigate if

Ministry of Public Works and Transport Page 5 Quarterly Environmental Monitoring Report Project Management Unit 3 March 2013 KOREA CONSULTANTS INTERNATIONAL Cambodia Northwest Provincial Road Improvement Project ADB Load No. 2539-CAM (SF)

Safeguard Monitoring No. Activities related Issues Remarks Activity/Suggestion/Comment there is any environmental issue • Most waste from kitchen is organic waste. 8 Possible excessive or • Gas is now using for cooking at • It is normal to use fuel uncontrolled of fuel wood kitchen in together with local practice wood for cooking in of cooking system. Firewood for Cambodia’s rural area. cooking is commonly used in rural area of Cambodia. 9 Fuel, lubricants and • Fuel storage in properly designed • Fuel tank has no bund to asphalt: Loss of soil and facilities, careful refueling systems. catch spills and leaks. water quality • The Contractor is requested to install concrete floor and bund to catch spills and leaks at Contractor’s campsite. 10 Solid waste disposal • The Contractor’s camp is necessary • The Contractor collected provision of garbage bins, solid waste to the waste segregation of wastes, regular bins. collection and disposal of solid • The Contractor is wastes to site approved by local required to segregate authorities. recyclables. • Waste in the bins should be cleared periodically. • Special attention should be paid to the sanitary condition of camps. 11 Dust, noise and vibration • Water spray truck is using to • Up to now there is no minimize the impact complaint issued. • The Contractor is watering the road • It is suggested that when dust occurs, particularly in the project manager should dry season continuous. plan for road watering • Maintain all construction vehicles to where necessary to avoid minimize vehicle emission. dust pollution to community people. 12 Noise, vibration and dust • Dust from road construction need to • Up to now there is no could affect any nearby be strictly control especially near complaint issued. settlements or other hospital and school. environmentally sensitive • Avoid, as much as possible, using areas Vibration Rollers for soil compaction in settled areas 13 Being ready for • Worker Health and Safety Plan, First • It is suggested that accidents and injuries: Aid officer on site identifying nearest project manager should Slow response to injury, medical facilities. identify nearest medical no treatment for illness center. 14 Stagnant water areas: • Removal of stagnant water areas • Up to now there is no Breeding habitats for stagnant water area. mosquito vector 15 Dislocation of people • Resettlement and compensation • Up to now there is no within RoW: Loss of plan complaint issued. livelihood and assets 16 Discovery of artifacts and • Contractor awareness; inform MoCF • Up to now there are no relics: Permanent loss of artifacts and relics. cultural items 17 Earthworks and operating • Minimize major earthworks during • Up to now, it is observed of quarries and borrow the rainy season, to the extent that there are no erosion pits: Erosion and feasible. and instability of cut instability of cut faces and • Pile topsoil from digging of borrow faces. borrow pits

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Safeguard Monitoring No. Activities related Issues Remarks Activity/Suggestion/Comment pits carefully to one side, where it can be later used for reclamation. • During construction, employ erosion prevention measures such as the use of hay bales. • At the end of the construction phase, recontour borrow pit walls, replace topsoil, and revegetate. 18 Loss of riverside • Avoid clearing riverside vegetation • There is no vegetation during road construction except encroachment of where absolutely necessary. riverside vegetation. Revegetate riverbanks where clearing is unavoidable. 19 Loss of vegetation from • In flat areas, leave enough of a • Detour road for civil detour construction roadside edge for vehicle to pass on works is planned to use the other half of the roadway. no vegetation area and • Remove the base soil of any minimize to impact. necessary detours and revegetate after road construction. • Avoid use of detour where at all possible. • Where detour are unavoidable, limit the length and impact of each detour to the degree possible. • Limit the width of any necessary detours to a minimum. 20 Construction near Areas • Strict monitoring in this area should • There is no protected Protected by Royal be used to prevent opportunistic area by Royal Decree. Decree "salvage" logging or illegal timber harvest. If observed, notify relevant authorities or police. 21 Erosion from earthworks • No erosion and sedimentation in • Up to now, there is no can increase waterways was observed. erosion. sedimentation in drains, waterways and irrigation ditches 22 Encroachment on water • The water sources were not affected • Up to now, there is no supply systems from road by the project activities. encroachment on water construction activities • No irrigation or drinking water supply supply system. near the construction area 23 Encroachment on • Construction activity affecting the • There is no cultural previously unidentified area of the find should stop until heritage site. cultural heritage sites qualified site assessment has been made and contractors have been given permission to proceed. 24 Accidental risks by traffic • Employ "flag men" to regulate the • Up to now, the Contractor disruption during traffic flow. arranged “flag men” for construction • Where possible, as in flat areas, safety traffic flow. provide enough edge space for one- way traffic flow. 25 Construction waste • Dispose only on sites approved by • It is observed that there is DoE. no contravention. • No disposal into gullies or watercourses. • No disposal in or adjacent to

Ministry of Public Works and Transport Page 7 Quarterly Environmental Monitoring Report Project Management Unit 3 March 2013 KOREA CONSULTANTS INTERNATIONAL Cambodia Northwest Provincial Road Improvement Project ADB Load No. 2539-CAM (SF)

Safeguard Monitoring No. Activities related Issues Remarks Activity/Suggestion/Comment cultivated and settled area. 26 Destruction of agricultural • Do not dispose cut spoil and • It is observed that there is land through spoil and construction waste at agricultural no contravention. construction waste land. disposal 27 Possible impact of road • Safety first is introducing to • It is observed that user safety contractor. flagmen, precaution sign • Flagman and guard post are use for board and guard post are traffic management. used for traffic management. 28 Disposal of excavated • Excavated unsuitable material shall • Excavated unsuitable material be reused all for the slope protection material will be reused for after completion of embankment the slope protection. work. 29 Possible impacts of • No impact was observed for the • Up to now, it is observed borrow pits on soils, water project that there is no impact. and natural environment 30 First aid kits • First aid kits is only at consultant • First aid kits were accommodation provided at campsite. • It is strongly recommended that all labor campsite shall have first aid kits 31 Fire fighting facilities • It is recommended that the • The chemical extinguisher should be placed in a extinguisher is installed at convenience and reachable place. camp site. It is recommended that project manager of contractor install more. 32 Wearing of protective • Some engineers are well equipped • It is hard to wear helmet clothing and safety gear with helmet, reflective clothing, cone and safety shoes to local and safety shoes for warning traffic and flagman to workers caused by hot give sign to road users. weather. • Some of workers are not using • It is suggested that safety safety shoes during work policy should be implementation. It is suggested that reinforced in all safety shoes must use during construction sites. working hour. 33 Displaying warning • Warning board is displayed when • Warning board is always boards doing surveying works and used at the area of civil implementation of the civil work work activities. activities. 34 Roping off danger areas • As part of traffic management • The working area is measures, the work area is cordoned cordoned off with traffic off with traffic cones and tape/ or cones and tape. color rope. • It is recommended that interval of traffic cones shall be reduced.

Ministry of Public Works and Transport Page 8 Quarterly Environmental Monitoring Report Project Management Unit 3 March 2013 KOREA CONSULTANTS INTERNATIONAL Cambodia Northwest Provincial Road Improvement Project ADB Load No. 2539-CAM (SF)

2. NR 56B

The Government of Cambodia has applied for a loan from Economic Development Cooperation Fund (EDCF) the Export-Import Bank toward Cambodia Northwest Provincial Road Improvement Project, which will implement rehabilitation of (i) Sta.29 - Samraong, and (ii) rehabilitation of structures (iii) By-Passing Road Construction at Banteay Chhmar Temple.

Quarterly EMP Monitoring Report of NR 56B under EDCF Loan KHM-9 is attached at Appendix C.

It is observed that there is no adverse environmental and social impact to local community along the project influence area during civil works of road construction.

Culture Heritage There is a general law in Cambodia which covers all national monuments. This is the "Law on Protection of Cultural and National Heritage", (1996). This is supplemented by the "Decision on the Definition of 3 Zones to Protect Temple Surrounding Areas in All Provinces and Municipalities except Angkor Wat", 1996. These laws protect small temples or ancient structures. In addition to the general laws there are some buildings which are considered sufficiently important to warrant a specific protective decree. This includes the "Royal Decree on Banteay Chhmar Temple Park", 2003 which lies alongside NR 56. No structures are to be constructed on the section of NR 56 which passes the temple park. The bypass has been added to the alignment to avoid this temple. A new by-pass road alignment has been selected to avoid any impact on the ancient structures at Bantheay Chhmar Temple. In discussions the Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts (MoCFA) raised no objections to this scheme.

Banteay Chhmar Temple is located approximately 500 m from the NR56 road. The curtain wall is some 100 m from the road and the water moat lies between the outer wall and NR56, with a shoulder of 2-3 m between the road and the moat. All areas, the moat, the curtain wall and inner temple are protected by royal decree. In order to avoid impacts Banteay Chham temple (BCT) under consideration for World Heritage, 11km bypass which comes under the EDCF Loan KHM-9 financed Contract is planned. Three options for bypass were considered and the Alternative-1 in support zone from Buffer zone 1.5km was selected.

Agricultural Land for Borrow Pits The contractors will buy such material from the farmers. As borrow areas will be subject to private contract between the farmers and the contractor, the decision as to rehabilitation will be made on a case by case basis. Many farmers stated during consultations that they wished borrow pits to be left open so that could be used for water reservoirs on dry season, duck pond or fish ponds.

Quarries and Rock Material

Ministry of Public Works and Transport Page 9 Quarterly Environmental Monitoring Report Project Management Unit 3 March 2013 KOREA CONSULTANTS INTERNATIONAL Cambodia Northwest Provincial Road Improvement Project ADB Load No. 2539-CAM (SF)

One existing commercial quarry and two possible rock formations have been identified. If existing commercial quarries which are under private ownership are used then the owner must have obtained permission from the relevant authorities. If new quarries are required then approval must be obtained permission from the relevant authorities.

Construction Impact Construction workers camps is located away from communities; contractor will prepare a worker health and safety plan, including sanitation facilities, equipment, and medical care; workers will receive health and safety training; and workers will undergo pre-employment health screening. All sanitary waste will pass to septic tanks. Locally manufactured tanks are recommended. Wash water from cooking and showers will be kept separate from sanitary waste and will be treated with grease traps before discharge to water courses. When construction is completed, the contractors will clean up the construction site and workers camps by removing all equipment and buildings and carrying out site remediation work. Three mobile teams will move around NR 56 and occupy temporary quarters. They will be required to rent local accommodation rather than disturb the local community by constructing their own facilities.

Fuels and oil storage areas will have containment. Fuel stored on the site must follow industrial practices. Fuel suppliers must provide skid mounted tanks with a metered off take and pump mounted on concrete hard standing. The concrete base must have a perimeter curb to catch and retain any minor leaks or spills from the main tank manifold by EMP Spill Protection for Fuel Oil Storage. Waste oil will be stored and disposed in acceptable manner. Wherever possible, refueling and maintenance will be carried out at commercial fuel storage areas and maintenance shop to avoid impact on project area. Stored friable materials will have covers to control dust.

Recycle things (Non-Biodegradable wastes) such as paper, plastics, cans, bottles clothes and the like have to collected in dustbins and shall be given to domestic recyclers approved by local authorities. Organic (Biodegradable wastes) such as food waste, etc. must be buried at sanitary landfill and covered with soils on a daily basis by garbage collector approved by local authorities and consultant Engineers.

The majority of the solid waste will have to be removed by disposal to an approved dump area after making the necessary arrangements with the local authorities. Hazardous wastes (oily wastes, used batteries and fuel drums etc) will be segregated from other wastes and its storage, transport and disposal shall not cause contamination/ pollution specially in order to prevent accidental spillages into nearby water streams and farmland. Since these wastes have negative influence on the biodiversity their disposal by collecting into special containers like barrel, or large rectangular pits which is impervious latter will be sent to the agency by national and local regulation. Non-combustible materials can also be removed by burying after arranging the land with the local authorities. The top surface of the burial will be covered with earthen material after completion.

Air and Dust Pollution

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During the construction of the works there is a possibility of dust pollution, which results from passing traffic on detours. This can have a negative impact on the adjacent environment such as atmosphere, cultivated fields, corps, residential house etc. sprinkling with or other means by road maintenance team, whenever necessary to reduce the dust nuisance, and to prevent dust which has originated from his operations from damaging crops, cultivated fields, and welling, or causing a nuisance to persons.

The detours will be sprayed with water at reasonable intervals so as to control the dust in the dry season to facilitate smooth of traffic. Damaged corps or cultivated fields will be brought back to their original conditions by an appropriate means approved by the Engineer. The emission of dust into the atmosphere shall be strictly controlled during the manufacturing, handling and storage of soil, concrete and road aggregates.

Salvage Archeological Excavation The Banteay Chhmar Temple is one of the similar eras to Ankor Wat and is located about 60km north of Sisophon on NR56 in Banteay Meanchey province, on North Cambodia. The main structure of the temple is located approximately 500m from NR56. The curtain wall is about 100m from the road and also the water moat lies between the outer wall and NR56, with a shoulder of 2-3 m between the existing road and the moat.

All areas, the moat, the curtain wall and inner temple are protected by Royal Degree. Under this contract, there are no works near the temple. There will be no impacts from this contract on the Banteay Chhmar Temple.

Encroachment on the Bateay Chhmar Temple (BCT) In order to avoid impect on BCT temple, 11km bypass is planned. Three options of protection for Banteay Chhmar Temple were considered and Alternative 1 selected in Support Zone out of Buffer Zone 1.5km. Therefore, there will be no impacts on the Banteay Chhmar Temple.

Archaeological Assessment to Salvage Artifacts at Bypass In order to prevent or any destruction in the Bypass site of both on ground and underground archaeological remains of artifacts and relics (gems and ceramics) before those are disturbed by EDCF KHM-9 Civil Works, the MPMT/PMU3 discussed the Salvage for archaeological excavation and preservation in Bypass road located around Benteay Chhmar Temple on September 2012 with MoCFA.

The MoCFA / General Department for Cultural Heritage required to record all archaeological potential by MoCFA executed Operation Team engaged in the savage field works by agreement between MPWT/PMU3 and MoCFA as below condition: 1) The MoCFA (Executing Agency) shall be responsible on archaeological survey and salvage, collecting data and technical report. 2) The preliminary report for the salvage result will submit to the Client 30 days after completed field works. 3) The final report for the result of rescues excavation will submit to Client by 30 April 2013. 4) The Services shall commence one week after signing of this agreement with expected completion of archaeological survey within 45days.

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This Contract Agreement is made on the 14th November 2012 between the MoCFA and the EDCF KHM-9 Contractor KUMHO E&C.,Ltd.

Output of Performance for Archaeological Salvage The Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts (MoCFA) has conducted a field study and evaluation at the Site on the archeological excavation and preservation which runs 11.10 km bypassing Banteay Chhmar Temple along the NR56 in EDCF KHM-9 Project.

The Ministry’s expert team confirmed that there is no other archeological Site than Kok Treas Site in 11.10Km Bypass. The Minister’s expert team has been sufficiently conducted the excavation for its recovery.

After due consideration in this regard, the MoCFA has decided to give permission for the MPWT to carry out the construction of 11.10km by pass alignment road around Banteay Chhmar Temple financed by EDCF Loan KHM-9.

The Executive activities for archaeological survey have been finished as follows: i) Location: Bypass Section Sta: 64+300 ~ Sta: 64+400 (looted area by villagers) ii) Surveyor: MoCFA Expert Teams st iii) Period: 1 December 2012~ 31 December 2012 (31days) iv) Operation Team: Specialist 7. Graduated Students 7 Heritage police 6 Local worker 15 Total 35

The Preliminary Report on Salvage Archaeology at Kok Treas is attached at Appendix D.

Ministry of Public Works and Transport Page 12 Quarterly Environmental Monitoring Report Project Management Unit 3 March 2013 KOREA CONSULTANTS INTERNATIONAL Cambodia Northwest Provincial Road Improvement Project ADB Load No. 2539-CAM (SF)

SUMMARISED POTENTIAL NEGATIVE IMPACTS, MITIGATION MEASURES MONITORING EMP (NR 56B)

Activities Potential Negative Impacts Mitigation Measures Monitoring EMP (a) Road alignment Damage to ancient temple on NR 58– in ƒ Road alignment was changed to give by pass around Banthey Up to now there is no Necropolis contravention of Law on Protection of Cultural Chhmar and now avoids historical areas. Decision made in was found on Bypass alignment and National Heritage (1996) collaboration with MoCF. during Civil Works. Archaeological survey have been finished on Dec 2012 by MoCF (b) Raising Road Affecting Increase erosion, possible road ƒ All bridges stream flow area increased, extra cross drainage Increased in Embankment raise Hydrology, Drainage and failure due to impoundment of flood waters; provided. Included in detailed design. up Design for cross drain at fish migration. prevention of fish migration. inundation Area on Dec 2012 (c) Need for fill material Loss of live hood, Loss of Agricultural Land for ƒ Develop alternative uses for borrow pit areas with agreement Up to now there is no complain Borrow Pits. of farmers and villagers. Some villagers request borrows pits from farmers and villagers for to be left as water ponds for use by village. borrow pits (d) Cutting of roadside trees Loss of roadside trees, loss of shade and ƒ Compensation to be paid under Resettlement Plan. No Compensation to be paid under utility. replanting is required by contractor, planting will be carried IRC/MEF out, if appropriate, by MAFF (e) Cut faces and borrow Erosion and instability of cut faces and borrow ƒ Design cut slope to minimize instability. Up to now there is no Erosion pits pits ƒ Use structural stabilization measures such as retaining walls instability at slope and borrow pits and gabions, if necessary. ƒ Use adequate design, siting, and sizes of drainage structures. All included in detailed design. (f) Outflow from drainage Erosion of Lands below the roadbed receiving ƒ Position drainage structures to avoid a cascade effect and to 1. sufficient pipe culvert included structures concentrated outflow carried by drainage ensure that runoff is conveyed into natural drainage lines at in embankment raise up due to structures– in contravention of Draft Sub- controlled velocities. climate change in Variation No.1 Decree on Water Quality. ƒ Line receiving areas with stones or concrete to protect soils at 2. Up to now there is no erosion outflow areas of lands and contravention of Draft ƒ Incorporate sufficient number of drainage outlets such that sub-Decree on water quality flow from any individual outlet is not excessive. Included in detailed design. (g) Road alignment next to Loss of riverside vegetation Where road alignment is close to the rivers, widening or re- Up to now there is no loss of river/stream alignment should be on the side not adjacent to the river riverside vegetation close to included in detailed design. rivers. (h) Road widening Loss of vegetation and habitat through road Re-grass for slopes and embankments. Specification included in Up to now there is no loss of widening, realignment of right-of-way detailed design. vegetation and habitat

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Activities Potential Negative Impacts Mitigation Measures Monitoring EMP (i) Road alignment Impacts on wildlife through interruption of Other than fish migration no impacts. Up to now there is no impact on migratory routes and other habitat Wildlife in contravention of Law on disturbances– in contravention of Law on EP and NRM (1996) Environmental Protection and Natural Resource Management (1996) (j) Road alignment Encroachment on irrigation structures from ƒ Use appropriate drainage structures to replace those There is no irrigation structure for road widening and realignment presently used in irrigation systems. road widening and realignment in ƒ Avoid encroachment on irrigation systems in use. detail design ƒ Consult with relevant government offices and villagers. Already included in detailed design , if necessary (k) Road Construction Encroachment on water supply systems from ƒ Identify places where there are existing and planned water 1. There is no water supply road construction activities pipes and make appropriate arrangement avoid water pipes. systems from road ƒ Detailed design must include plans for avoidance of damage activities already to water systems and replacement/repair of water systems 2. Consultant surveyed pipe where avoidance is not possible. Coordination should be culvert location for slope drawing exercised through the Inter-Ministerial Resettlement where there are existing and Committee, as well as normal inter-ministry liaison. planned pipe culvert structures (l) Road widening onto Destruction of agricultural land through road ƒ Minimize realignment through agricultural land. Compensation for loss of agricultural land widening and realignment ƒ Ensure appropriate compensation for loss of agricultural agricultural land by MEF. IRC lands. (m) Road shoulder widening Encroachment on previously unidentified ƒ Consult with villagers during detailed design to avoid Up to now there is no graveyard, cultural sites– in contravention of Law on encroachment on graveyard, and other unidentified sites of and other cultural National Protection of Cultural and National Heritage cultural importance. Heritage to avoid encroachment (1996) (a) Mobilization of Accident risk from mobilizing construction ƒ Minimize the mobilization of heavy equipment to night time. Up to now there is no accident equipment and workforce equipment ƒ Over-width and over-length vehicles should display adequate from mobilizing construction warnings such as flashing lights, signs, and flags on equipment extending parts of equipment. (b) Mobilizing workforce The introduction of an outside workforce can ƒ Conduct special briefing or on-site training on environmental Up to now there is no complaining have a negative impact on the health and requirement of the project to workers. from Local people on the issues social well-being of local people ƒ Strictly supervise workers not to interference with local affairs caused by workers or quarrel with local people. ƒ In case of complaints from local people on the issues caused by workers, the complaints should be solved as soon as possible, by collaboration of contractor and village representatives. (c) Behavior of workers Impacts on local wildlife by workforce– in ƒ Carry out awareness-raising campaigns on wildlife value for Up to now there is no local Wildlife contravention of Joint Prakas of the Ministry of workers. in contravention if join prakas of Environment and the Ministry of Agriculture on ƒ Any worker conduct hunting, or buying wildlife from local MOE and MOA

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Activities Potential Negative Impacts Mitigation Measures Monitoring EMP Prohibition of Hunting and Catching of Wildlife people, will be dismissed from job. Animals (1996) ƒ Supply workers with sufficient food from outside the project. (d) Protecting workers safety Accident risk from mobilizing The following safety precautions should be provided to workers. ƒ Up to now there is no accident ƒ Warning and/or Precaution Signs on safety. to workers ƒ Provide full PPE; Helmets, boots, warning jackets etc. ƒ Provide full PPE to workers ƒ Instruction on health and safety. ƒ Installation for warning and ƒ Establishment of all relevant safety measures required by law precaution sign on safety and good engineering practices. (e) Health Aspects Outbreak of disease ƒ The contractor shall have all his workers undergo a medical Up to now there is no outbreak of screening prior to their arrival on site, to check for HIV/AIDS, disease from workers sexually transmitted diseases, and to provide an awareness program. Any workers screening positive for such diseases shall not be allow on the site. ƒ Site construction camps far away from local communities and rivers. ƒ Keep camps from becoming blight on the local environment. ƒ Provide enough water supplies for workers, and ensure sufficient sanitation for the camp: the proper location for solid waste disposal. ƒ Make medical treatment available for workers. Provide workers mosquito nets and malaria-prevention medication, if needed, spray around camp area with chemicals against mosquitoes. (f) Providing fuel for workers Depletion of natural resources through ƒ Do not harvest wood resources within protected area. It is normal to use fuel wood for demand for building materials, fuel and food ƒ Where local materials must be used, make agreements with cooking in Cambodia area for for workers– in contravention of Royal Decree local communities about the areas or the volume that can be workers on the Creation and Designation of Protected harvested without significant impact. Areas (1993) ƒ Support community development by paying an adequate price for any local resources used. ƒ All supplies for building camps should be brought from outside area. (i) Construction work area Loss of water quality– in contravention of Sub- ƒ Revegetation of construction area. This relates to grass There is no loss of water quality Decree on Water Quality seeding of slopes of new embankments for soil stabilization by Embankment soil to seeding of and control of sediment run off. slope in Detail design (ii) Work in stream channels Loss of water quality– in contravention of Sub- ƒ Limit work in channels to low flows. Diversionary works to be There is no channel to low flows Decree on Water Quality completed in dry season. (iii) Fuel, lubricants and Loss of soil and water quality – in ƒ Fuel storage in properly designed facilities, careful refueling There is no loss of water quality asphalt contravention of MOE Praka No. 992 on the systems by fuel and lubricant Regulation of Industrial Solid and Liquid Waste Management (1994)

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Activities Potential Negative Impacts Mitigation Measures Monitoring EMP (iv) Solid waste disposal Loss of soil and water quality– in contravention ƒ Solid waste management procedures Up to now there is no loss of soil of Sub-Decree on Waste Management and water quality by solid waste disposal

(v) Dust impacts Loss of quality of life values– in contravention ƒ Road watering for road maintenance and cover stock piles Up to now there is no complain of Draft Sub-Decree on Air Pollution issue by Local village Prevention (vi) Noise impacts Loss of quality of life values– in contravention ƒ Vehicle noise control, Timing of work, Give advance notice of Up to now there is no complain of Draft Sub-Decree on Noise Prevention time of blasting issue (vii) Vibration impacts Loss of quality of life values– in contravention ƒ Schedule work to minimize nuisance Up to now there is no Complain of Draft Sub-Decree on Noise Prevention issue (viii) Damage to bridges and Loss of access ƒ Truck overloading must be controlled Up to now there is no Damage to pavements existing bridges (ix) Inadequate sanitation Increased disease– in contravention of Law on ƒ Provide sanitation through septic tanks; potable water, by Up to now there is no increased Environmental Protection and Natural wells and tankers. Well to be sunk on permanent campsites. disease by Sanitation Resource Management (1996) Septic tanks to be installed on permanent campsites. Temporary camps on NR 56 to be in rented accommodation with existing sanitation, and extra water provided by tanker if needed. (x) Being ready for Slow response to injury, no treatment for ƒ Worker Health and Safety Plan, First Aid officer on site It is suggested that PM should accidents and injuries illness identifying nearest medical facilities. identifying nearest Medical facilities on site (xi) Stagnant water areas Breeding habitats for mosquito ƒ Siting camps distant to communities. Up to now there is no stagnant vector Removal of stagnant water areas. water area sitting lose camps (xii) Dislocation of people Loss of livelihood and assets ƒ Resettlement and compensation plan Up to now there is no complaint within RoW issued (xiii) Discovery of artifacts Permanent loss of cultural items– in ƒ Contractor awareness; inform MoCF Up to now there is no artifacts and and relics contravention of Law on Protection of Cultural relics except by pass area and National Heritage (1996) (xiv) Earthworks and Erosion and instability of cut faces and borrow ƒ No new side roads should be permitted in areas with steep Up to now there are no erosion operating of quarries pits slopes. and instability during construction and borrow pits ƒ Minimize major earthworks during the rainy season, to the phase operating quarries and extent feasible. borrow pits ƒ Pile topsoil from digging of borrows pits carefully to one side, where it can be later used for reclamation. ƒ During construction, employ erosion prevention measures such as the use of hay bales. ƒ At the end of the construction phase, raconteur borrows pit walls, replace topsoil, and revegetate.

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Activities Potential Negative Impacts Mitigation Measures Monitoring EMP ƒ At the end of the construction phase, revegetate cut slopes where feasible. (xv) Disposal of overburden Erosion from disposal of cut spoil ƒ Dispose of spoil only where there is vegetated strip at least Up to now there is no Disposal of 50m wide between the disposal site and the nearest water overburden body. To the extent feasible, avoid disposal on slopes greater than 30%. ƒ Where spoil disposal in vegetated sites cannot be avoided, select areas with scrub growth over areas of healthy forest. ƒ No disposal in the area of the BCPL. ƒ No disposal into gullies or watercourses. ƒ No disposal in or adjacent to cultivated areas, unless such areas lie within the road reserve width, in which case owner will be compensated under the Resettlement Plan. ƒ No disposal by direct tipping of spoil down slope. ƒ Revegetate spoil dumps to maintain the soil stability.

(xvi) Construction near Loss of riverside vegetation ƒ Avoid clearing riverside vegetation during road construction there is no construction near riverside except where absolutely necessary. Revegetate riverbanks riverside in our project where clearing is unavoidable. (xvii) Construction of detour Loss of vegetation from detour construction ƒ In flat areas, leave enough of a roadside edge for vehicle to there is no construction of detour pass on the other half of the roadway. to loss of vegetation in our project ƒ Remove the base soil of any necessary detours and revegetate after road construction. ƒ Avoid use of detour where at all possible. ƒ Where realignments are being built, use the existing roadway for traffic to pass. ƒ Where detour are unavoidable, as in areas where bridges are being built, limit the length and impact of each detour to the degree possible. ƒ Limit the width of any necessary detours to a minimum. (xviii) Construction near Loss of vegetation and habitat through road ƒ Do not allow side roads in forested area. Up to now there is no loss of forests widening, realignment of right-of-way, quarries ƒ There must be no new quarries within the BCPL nor in any of vegetation and habitat though civil and borrow pits– in contravention of Royal the provincial or district prohibited areas. works in contravention of Royal Decree on the Creation and Designation of ƒ Do not cut any trees outside of the construction zone. Decree at protection Protected Areas (1993) ƒ In case of new quarries operation, the environmental authorities – DoE - must approve the quarries. ƒ Where possible, avoid cutting trees along the edge of the construction zone.

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Activities Potential Negative Impacts Mitigation Measures Monitoring EMP ƒ Quarrying activity should be limited to a minimum of necessary sites, with previously used sites preferred. (xix) Construction near Impacts on wildlife through interruption of ƒ Strict monitoring in this area should be used to prevent Up to now there is no impact on Areas Protected by migratory routes and other habitat opportunistic "salvage" logging or illegal timber harvest. If wildlife and opportunistic “salvage“ Royal Decree disturbances– in contravention of Royal observed, notify relevant authorities or police. logging or illegal times harvest Decree on the Creation and Designation of ƒ No side roads should be built in the BCPL, as may encourage and no side roads at BCPL Protected Areas (1993) poaching of wildlife. If observed, notify BCPL rangers or police.

(xx) Construction near Encroachment on water supply systems from ƒ Contractors should pay a fee to villagers for damage to water Up to now there is no damage to village water supplies road construction activities system, perhaps based on number of days without water until water system from road the system is fixed. Fees might be specifically targeted toward construction activities women's groups, since they are usually the ones who will have the main burden of carrying water when the system is down. (xxi) Construction near Encroachment on previously unidentified ƒ Alert local authority upon discovery of any objects of possible in the case of discovery of any cultural sites cultural heritage sites– in contravention of Law archaeological significance that may be uncovered during archaeological significance during on Protection of Cultural and National Heritage construction. construction on By-pass, (1996) ƒ Construction activity affecting the area of the find should stop construction activity should stop until qualified site assessment has been made and until qualified sit assessment has contractors have been given permission to proceed. been made by MoC archaeologist ƒ Bring in a qualified archaeologist as needed. (xxii) Construction Causing Dust / Air pollution– in contravention of Draft ƒ Use water bowsers to water the road when dust occurs, Up to now there is no Dust/Air Air Pollution Sub-Decree on Air Pollution Prevention particularly in the dry season. pollution, because the contractor ƒ Maintain all construction vehicles to minimize vehicle should be properly maintained emission. existing road (xxiii) Construction Causing Noise and Vibration– in contravention of Draft ƒ All road construction vehicles must have working mufflers and Up to now there is no causing Noise Sub-Decree on Noise Prevention be properly maintained. Noise and Vibration to disrupt ƒ Time blasting activities so as not to disrupt local people. local people by vehicles, blasting ƒ Avoid working at night near settled areas and vibration ƒ Inform people of possible damage from vibration before using Vibration Rollers near to settled area. ƒ Avoid, as much as possible, using Vibration Rollers for soil compaction in settled areas (xxiv) Excavation of Borrow Creation of stagnant water bodies in borrow ƒ Incorporate adequate drainage and fill in borrow pits and Up to now there is no creation of pits pits, quarries quarries. stagnant water in borrow pit and ƒ Maintain borrow pits and quarries by landscaping and quarries revegetating after operation. (xxv) Construction of by-pass Accidental risks by traffic disruption during ƒ Employ "flag men" to regulate the traffic flow. When new by-pass alignment are

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Activities Potential Negative Impacts Mitigation Measures Monitoring EMP construction ƒ Where new alignments are being built, allow traffic to continue being built on old alignments. ƒ Where possible, as in flat areas, provide enough edge space for one-way traffic flow. (xxvi) Visual impact of Visual Impact of road cut, spoil disposal, ƒ Where feasible, quarries should be sited away from the road. Up to now there is no visual construction borrow pits, and quarries. ƒ In sites where quarries must be close to the road, trees and impact of special disposal, borrow other vegetation should be left between the quarry/crushing pit and quarries plant sites and the road. (xxvii) Removal of unused Construction waste– in contravention of Draft ƒ Dispose only on sites approved by DoE. No disposal in the Up to now there is no construction structures and pavement Sub-Decree on Waste Management area of the BCPL. by construction waste disposal ƒ No disposal into gullies or watercourses. into BCPL, Water cause and ƒ No disposal in or adjacent to cultivated and settled area. cultivated area (xxviii) Setting up and Water pollution by oil, grease, and fuel around ƒ Locate storage areas for diesel and bitumen at least 500 Up to now there is no water operating an asphalt plants, gas stations and parking areas– in meters from watercourses. pollution by oil, grease, fuel bitumen operation area. contravention of Draft Sub-Decree on ƒ Employ safe practices in filling bitumen distributor tanks and Hazardous Substances in healing bitumen. Do not allow smoking or fire of any kind in the vicinity of bitumen and kerosene blending tanks. Provide a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher at the bitumen tank site for fire-fighting. ƒ Collect and recycle all lubricants and take precautions to prevent accidental spills. ƒ Prohibit road asphalting activities during rainfall. ƒ Develop and implement plans for safe storage of all toxic and potentially toxic materials into construction planning and design.

(xxix) Construction activities Destruction of agricultural land through spoil ƒ Do not dispose cut spoil and construction waste at agricultural It is observed that there is no near prime agricultural lands and construction waste disposal– in land. contravention though spoil and contravention of Draft Sub-Decree on Waste construction waste disposal Management (xxx) Construction Camps Solid waste– in contravention of Draft Sub- ƒ Provide garbage bins & sanitary facilities for workers. Waste It is observed there is no Operation Decree on Waste Management in the bins should be cleared periodically. contravention at construction ƒ Special attention should be paid to the sanitary condition of camps operation by solid waste camps.

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Activities Potential Negative Impacts Mitigation Measures Monitoring EMP (xxxi) Residual Effects from Depletion of natural resources through ƒ Do not harvest wood resources within the BCPL Up to now there is no Construction Camps demand for building materials, fuel and food ƒ Do not allow construction camps to become permanent contravention though demand for for workers– in contravention of Law on settlements. Remove camps prior to project completion. building materials, fuel and food Environmental Protection and Natural ƒ Use non-wood fuels such as Liquid Propane Gas or kerosene for workers by Residual Effects Resource Management (1996) for cooking food and heating bitumen. from construction camps ƒ Where local materials must be used, make agreements with local communities about the areas or the volume that can be harvested without significant impact. ƒ Support community development by paying an adequate prices for any local resources used. ƒ All supplies for building camps should be brought from outside the area. ƒ Upon close of construction, consider transferring camp structures to local people for community or government use.

(xxxii) Health Effect from Creation of a new pathway for disease vectors ƒ All workers will have a medical screening conducted by It is observed there is no creation Construction Camps affecting humans "Cambodian Red Cross", to check for HIV/AIDS, sexually of Health Effect from construction transmitted diseases, etc. camps by disease vectors ƒ Keep camps from becoming blight on the local environment. ƒ Provide enough water supplies for workers, and ensure sufficient sanitation for the camp: the proper drainage systems and the proper location for solid waste disposal. ƒ Make medical treatment available for workers. Provide workers mosquito nets and malaria-prevention medication. If needed, spray around camp area with chemical against mosquitoes. ƒ Plan post-construction clean-up activities to assure no unsanitary or otherwise hazardous debris are left behind at camp sites. (a) Better quality road and Increase in road accidents to ƒ Speed limits enforced. Driver and community awareness; road Up to now there is no increase in higher speeds people and livestock signs road accidents during Civil Works (b) More traffic volume Increased air pollution and noise – in ƒ Control of vehicle air and noise emissions from vehicles. It is observed there is no contravention of Draft Sub-Decree on Noise Paved road will decrease noise and dust. increased Air Pollution and Noise and Air Pollution Prevention from vehicles

(c) Poor control of increased Accidental Risk of Toxic Spills – in ƒ Enforcement of transport regulations and HAZCHEM Up to now there is no Accident traffic volume with more contravention of Draft Sub-Decree on procedures Risk of hazardous chemicals vehicles carrying hazardous Hazardous Substances

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Activities Potential Negative Impacts Mitigation Measures Monitoring EMP chemicals. (d) First aid kits response to injury, and illness at camp site ƒ First aid kits in only at consultant accommodation ƒ First aid kits were provided at ƒ It is strongly recommended that all labor campsite shall have campsite first aid kits on site identifying nearest medical facilities

(e) Fire fighting facilities ƒ The comical extinguisher is installed at ƒ It is recommended that fight extinguisher should be place in a ƒ The chemical extinguisher is camp site for prevention of fire disaster convenience and reachable place installed at camp site. It is recommended that project manager of contract add more (f) Wearing of protective ƒ Accident risk from mobilizing ƒ Some engineers are well equipped with helmet, reflective ƒ It is hard to wear helmet and clothing and safety gear clothing, cone for warning traffic and flagmen to give sign to safety shoes to local workers and safety shoes for road users. caused by hot weather workers safety ƒ Some of Workers are not using safety shoes during work ƒ It is suggested that safety implementation. It is suggested that safety shoes must use policy should be reinforced in during working hours all construction sites (g) Displaying waning boards ƒ Accidental risks by traffic disruption during ƒ Waning board is displayed when doing surveying works and ƒ Warning board is always used construction. implementation of the civil work activities at the area of civil work activities (h) Safety traffic at danger ƒ Accidental risks by traffic during Civil Works ƒ As part of traffic management measures, the work area is ƒ The work area is cordoned off areas cordoned off with traffic cones and tape/ or color rope with traffic cones and tape ƒ It is recommended that interval of traffic cones is reduced

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III. PHOTOS OF ACTIVITIES

Spray water at dried soil

Spray water at dried soil

Traffic cones and tape at civil work activity area

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Warning board at civil work activity area

Warning board at detour road area

HIV Prevention and Anti-Human- Trafficking Program

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STDI Program Education at Contractor Camp Site

Compensation meeting to getting Agreement

Salvage Excavation Complete burial found in Unit I in depth 190cm below surface

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Salvage Excavation A burial discovered in Unit II in depth 80cm below surface with the head wear a bronze object

Salvage Excavation Juvenile buried with pottery vessels and Iron tools as grave good in Unit III

Salvage Excavation Charcoal, mollusk shells and pottery fragments were found at the bottom of Unit IV

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Salvage Excavation Assemblage of burnt clay, possible remains of broken stove, found in Unit V

Salvage Excavation Three burials of different level found in Unit VI

Salvage Excavation Bottom of Unit VII. Some area revealed remain of looting pits

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APPENDIX A

CHECKLIST OF EMP IMPLEMENTATION (NR56A)

Ministry of Public Works and Transport Quarterly Environmental Monitoring Report Project Management Unit 3 March 2013

KOREA CONSULTANTS INTERNATIONAL Cambodia Northwest Provincial Road Improvement Project ADB Load No. 2539-CAM (SF)

APPENDIX B

SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT TO IEE OF NR 56

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7KHPHHWLQJZDVHQGDWDP6HSWHPEHUZLWKDPLFDEOHHQYLURQPHQW   0LQXWHWDNHU    6RSK\(D (QYLURQPHQW6SHFLDOLVW   The Khmer version is the official version of this document.

Document prepared by the MLMUPC Cambodia, supported by ADB TA 3577 and LMAP TA GTZ.

Preah Reach Kret/1Nov93

PREAH REACH KRET (ROYAL DECREE) ON THE PROTECTION OF NATURAL AREAS  x Seen the Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia; x Seen the Royal Decree on the Appointment of the First Prime Minister and the Second Prime Minister dated September 24, 1993; x Seen the Approval of the National Assembly on the Composition of the Royal Government dated October 29, 1993; and x Responding to the exigent needs

IT IS HEREBY ORDERED  Article 1: Responsibility for the protection of natural areas The Secretariat of Environment shall be responsible for managing and supervising the development and protection of natural areas, including the protection of environment, land, forestry, wetland and coastal areas. The Secretariat of Environment shall have the right to create and chair appropriate committees in order to co-ordinate inter-ministerial activities both at the political and technical level.

The management and supervision of the protected natural areas of the nation shall be the responsibilities of the Secretariat of Environment in co-operation with other competent relevant institutions.

The following areas including all land reserves are: 1. Natural Parks: Areas reserved for nature and scenic views to be protected for scientific, educational and entertainment purposes. 2. Wildlife Preserves: Natural areas preserved at their natural conditions in order to protect wildlife, vegetation and ecology balance. 3. Protected scenic view areas: Areas to be maintained as scenic views for pleasure and tourism. 4. Multi purposes areas: Areas necessary for the stability of the water, forestry, wildlife, and fisheries resource, for pleasure, and for the conservation of nature with a view of assuring economic development.

Article 2: Definition and use of the protected natural areas The ecological specifications for land, forestry, wetland, and coastal areas shall be specified, for management and development purposes, in the attached map and listed as follows:

I. Natural Parks: Surface (h.a), Location 1. KIRIRUM 35,000 Kg. Speu and Koh Kong 2. BOKOR 140,000 Kampot 3. KEP 5,000 Kapot 4. REAM 150,000 Sihanouk Ville 5. BOTUM SAKOR 171,250 Koh Kong The Khmer version is the official version of this document.

6. PHNOM KOULEN 37,500 Siem Reap 7. VIRAK CHEY 332,500 Stung Treng and Rattanak Kiri.

II. Wildlife Preserves: 8. PHNOM ORAL 253,750 Koh Kong, Pursat, Kg. Chhnang 9. PEAM KRASAUB 23,750 Koh Kong 10. PHNOM SAMKOS 333,750 Koh Kong 11. RONEAM DONSAM 178,750 Battambang 12. KOULEN PRUM TEP 402,500 Siem Reap and Preah Vihear 13. BENG PER 242,500 Kg. Thom 14. LUMPHAT 250,000 Rattanak Kiri and Mundul Kiri. 15. PHNOM PRICH 222,500 Mundul Kiri and Kratie 16. PHNOM NAMLEAR 47,500 Mundul Kiri 17. SNUOL 75,000 Kratie

III. Protected scenic view areas: 18. ANGKOR 10,800 Siem Reap 19. BANTEAY CHHMAR 81,200 Banteay Mean Chheay 20. PREAH VIHEAR 5,000 Preah Vihear

IV. Multi purposes areas: 21. DUNG PENG 27,700 Koh Kong 22. SAMLOT 60,000 Battambang 23. TONLE SAP 316,250 Kg. Chhnang, Kg. Thom, Siem Reap, Battambang and Pursat.

Article 3: amendment The protected natural areas may be modified or expanded in the future on the basis of scientific information involved in the conservation of ecology and the maintenance of the existing landscape in the Kingdom of Cambodia.

Article 4: priority Any provisions contrary to this Royal Decree shall be annulled.

Article 5: The First Prime Minister and the Second Prime Minister of the Royal government of Cambodia, the Senior Minister in charge of Land Planning, Urbanization, and Construction, the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries and the Secretary of State of Environment shall be responsible for implementing this Royal Decree.

Article 6: application This Royal Decree shall enter into force from the date of the King’s signature. KOREA CONSULTANTS INTERNATIONAL Cambodia Northwest Provincial Road Improvement Project ADB Load No. 2539-CAM (SF)

APPENDIX D

PRELIMINARY REPORT ON SALVAGE ARCHAEOLOGY AT KOK TREAS

Ministry of Public Works and Transport Quarterly Environmental Monitoring Report Project Management Unit 3 March 2013 KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA

NATION RELIGION KING Â

PRELIMINARY REPORT ON

SALVAGE ARCHAEOLOGY AT KOK TREAS

Phnom Penh February, 2013

SALVAGEARCHAEOLOGY AT KOK TREAS PREHISTORIC SITE BANTEAY CHHMAR, THMOR PUOK DISTRICT, BANTEAY MEANCHEY PROVINCE

FOR

UPGRADING OF NATIONAL ROAD No. 56B FROM BANTEAY MEANCHEY TO UDOR MEANCHEY PROVINCES

MINISTRY OF CULTURE AND FINE ARTS

IN COLLABORATION WITH

MINISTRY OF TRANSPORTATI ON AND PUBLIC WORKS

FUNDED BY:

- EXPORT-IMPORT BANK FOR KOREA (KEXIM BANK FOR EDCF) - ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK (ADB) - KUMHO ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION COMPANY, REPUBLIC OF KOREA - GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA THROUGH THE EMBASSY OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA TO THE KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA.

REPORTED: PhnomPh nom MR. PPenhen HENGh SOPHADY MR. SRUN TECH February,February, 20132013 MR. HENG THAN Table of Contents

1. Introduction«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««« 1

2. Objectives«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««

3. Participants«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««« 2

3.1. Technical advisors««««««««««««««««««««««««« 2 3.2. Archaeological Field Team«««««««««««««««««««««« 3

4. Geography and history of the site««««««««««««««««««««««« 3

5. Salvage Excavation«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««« 6

5.1. Unit I««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««« 8 5.2. Unit II««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««« 9 5.3. Unit III««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««« 9 5.4. Unit IV««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««.11 5.5. Unit V««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««12 5.6. Unit VI«««««««««««««««««««««««««««««« 5.7. Unit VII««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««

6. Excavation result««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««17

7. Conclusion««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««7

8. Recommendation «««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««

1. Introduction Archaeology, as part of cultural heritage management, has recently become extremely important for economic development in Cambodia as with economically disadvantaged countries elsewhere in Southeast Asia. This seems to be linked to the popularity and growth of tourism in the global economy. In Cambodia, social infrastructure is growing rapidly. New road construction and improvement of existing roads linking the cities to the countryside and one region to another is the main strategy for rural development in Cambodia and also the first priority of Cambodian Government Policy. However, these developments usually impact on the cultural heritage. Consequently, there is an increased interest in the rescue, protection, conservation and restoration of archaeological sites throughout the country.

The road upgrade linking Banteay Meanchey to Uddor Meanchey that will pass through the Banteay Chhmar temple complex is funded by the Asian Development Bank and Export ± Import Bank for Korea (KEXIM Bank for EDCF) as part of the EDCF KHM - 9 Project. The works are being executed by Kumho Engineering and Construction Company, Korea under the supervision of the Ministry of Transportation and Public Works in collaboration with an inter departmental implementation team in Banteay Meanchey and Uddor Meanchey provinces. The road improvement and subsequent rise in tourist numbers will bring substantial economic benefits to the villages along the road, especially those villagers living around Banteay Chhmar temple. The project area includes an 11 km bypass of the Banteay Chhmar temple complex from Kilometer 53 at Thmor Dekes village to Kilometer 64, approximately 1km before the border of Uddor Meanchey province. The aim of this bypass is to avoid adverse impact to the temple area. Unfortunately, the route of this bypass cuts through of an Iron Age necropolis known as Kok Treas. Accordingly, the Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts has proposed an archaeological survey in order to collect data and artifacts before the road construction starts, and to advise on precautionary procedures during construction.

This report details the archeological survey and rescue excavations along a 120m long section of the proposed route, where it cuts through the necropolis. It constitutes a contribution to the conservation of the national heritage in light of the widespread looting in the country as a whole. The archaeological investigation was carried out by a team from Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts, in order to rescue of archaeological remains and protect the whole site. The site investigation was conducted in three steps. The first steps, conducted from the 18th to the 19thof November 2012, entailed liaison with the 1 landowner, obtaining the necessary permits from the provincial and district authorities, and arranging for team accommodation, meals and local workers. In the next stage, from 27th to 30thNovember, 2012, twelve villagers started clearing the vegetation, working around the root of a large tree located directly in the excavation zone. The main work, from 1stDecember, 2012 to 26thJanuary2013, included mapping the area, surveying the site, and the excavation.

2. Objectives It is obligatory for all development projects within zones of cultural protection to minimize destruction of surface and sub-surface archaeological artifacts. To this end, archaeological assessment is requiring to record and / or rescue all items of heritage value. The project aims to collect as much archaeological information as possible for the Kok Treas site, particularly in areas the proposed route of the road .The objectives of the project were to: - Produce a topographic map showing the morphology of site and its surrounding area. - Excavate the site to identify stratigraphy and distributions of cultural material including burials and other features related to past human activity - Collate the archaeological data. - Undertake ethnographical studies. - Analyze archaeological artifacts discovered during the excavation. - Date the site by radiocarbon dating. - Prepare an inventory of the finds. - Undertake a program of improving the cultural awareness of the public. - Report on the results of the fieldwork, in a manner that can be used to enhance public awareness, and serve as a reference document for further research.

3. Participants

3.1. Technical advisors H.E. Chuch Phoeurn Secretary of State, Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts H.E. Hab Touch Director General for Cultural Heritage Mr. Prak Sannara Deputy Director General for Cultural Heritage

2

3. 2. Archaeological Field Team Mr. Heng Sophady Archaeologist (Project coordinator) Mr. Veoun Vuthy Zooarchaeologist Mr. Kim Sothen Archaeologist Mr. Heng Than Archaeologist Mr. Srun Tech Topographer Mr. Pen Phivath Department of Archaeology and Prehistory Mr. Tit Saroeun Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts, Department of Banteay Meanchey Province Miss. Eam Dany Archaeologist, Royal University of Fine Arts Mr. Kim Samnang GIS expert

Graduate Students, Faculty of Archaeology: Mr. Kem Phirum, Mr. Mon Chandet, Mr. Touch, Sophuek, Mr. Sam Raiya, Mr. Ry Sovannarith, Mr. Heang Mesa.

Heritage Police: Mr. PattMoniroth, Mr. Thab Sarung, Mr. Long Savuth, Mr. Kun Chong, Mr. Fang Roth, Mr. Svay Vannak.

Villagers: Mr. Phun Pheap, Mr. Pot Sarin, Mr. Chan Seyha, Mr. Nhanh Saman, Mr. Teav Roueng, Mr. Srouem Et, Mr. Sor Dor, Mr. Chhin Krem, Mr. Sem Pheap, Mr. Loun Savith, Mr. Muy Tinan, Chan Sorya, Mr. Mao Si, Mrs. Ruth Sreihing, Mrs. Oum Saveoun and Mrs. Chhorn Chhourm.

4. Geography and history of the site According to local people, the site was discovered and recognized as an ancient cemetery in 2000, by the people who used metal detectors for exploring metal scraps. Sometimes these metal scraps turned out to be archaeological artifacts, and looting started immediately. However, some areas have remained intact, especially under plantation areas secured by property owners. During the last few years, looting has continued, not only at the Kok Treas site, but also many other sites around the Banteay Chhmar temple complex. For Kok Treas, there was serious looting last year, when it became known that, the road would pass through the site. Numerous of looting pits remain visible (Fig. 1). Many have been refilled and much pottery, bone fragments and other human remains can be seen scattered on the surface, left by looters. Besides 3 potsherds and human remains, iron tools and burnt clay, as well as small- and medium- sized glass beads have been found DURXQGWKHORRWHUV¶H[FDYDWLRQV. It is estimated that up to ten pits were illegally excavated a few days before the archaeological team started the fieldwork, not far from where the rescue excavations were planned. .RN 7UHDV RU .UHRV 7UHDV LV WKH ORFDO QDPH .RN RU .URHV PHDQ ³PRXQG´ DQG Treas is the name of the tree (Erythropheum succirubrum) still growing on the site. Kok Treas site located nearly at the eastern end of the bypass road from Banteay Chhmar, about 1km from Uddor Meanchey province. The site located in the village of North Banteay Chhmar, Banteay Chhmar commune, Thmor Puok district, Banteay Meanchey province, approximately 5km north-east of Banteay Chhmar temple complex (Fig. 2). It is an irregular mound with a somewhat oval shape, with diameter 180m east- west and about 150mnorth-south. The elevation varies from 60 to 63m above sea level and is about 1m to 1.2m higher than surrounding area (Fig. 3). There are two ancient mounds located not far from Kok Treas: Kok Snoul located about 800m to the west and Kok Pongro to the east. These two mounds have also been seriously looted

Fig. 1: Recent looting pits at Kok Treas

4

Bypass of Banteay Chhmar

5 Fig. 2: Map of Banteay Chhmar temple complex showing location of Kok Treas site and bypass of the Banteay Chhmar

Fig. 3: Topographical map of Kok Treas Archaeological Site

5. Salvage Excavation Before digging, an official ceremony was carried out by the team member and village elders under the auspices of H.E. Hap Touch, General Director of Cultural Heritage, Representative of the Minister for Culture and Fine Arts, accompanied by officials from the Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts. The Deputy of Thmor Puok District, the Chief, Banteay Chhmar Commune, the Village chief, as well as local nuns and villagers all attended the ceremony and participated in the blessings. A shrine was erected at the site and propitiatory offerings were made to the spirits to seek blessings for the task ahead. After the ceremony, H.E Hap Touch informed the villagers about the JRYHUQPHQW¶V SODQQHG GHYHORSPHQW IRU WKH DUHD ,W LV envisaged that their active participation will be vital not only for the orderly development of the area structured but also for safeguarding the local heritage.

6

Altogether, 7 trenches with a combined surface of 70 square meters were excavated. Five trenches were along the axis of the road and two others were along the road boundary (Fig. 4). Each trench was originally dug in an area of 8 square meters (2m x 4m), but they were enlarged where necessary to allow archaeological finds to be excavated. Initially, only 4 Units (I, II, IV and V) were excavated. However, excavation ceased whenever looting pits were encountered, and no more burials and just a few ceramic vessels came to light. Units III, VI and VII were excavated as replacement trenches.

Fig. 4: Topographical map showing location of excavation trenches

7

5.1. Unit I This Unit was set up in an elevated area situated at the edge of the southern part of the mound in the centre line of the bypass. The 2m by 4m trench ran east-west, perpendicular to the road axis. The first items were found at a depth of 30cm to 140cm. These included fragments of earthenware pottery, shells, fragments of animal bone and teeth as well as traces of ancient looting pits on some pots. From 143cm to 162cm below surface, the soil became hard to excavate and archaeological remains became rare. Excavation continued from 162cm to 202cm below the surface maximum depth of about 180cm over only four square meters on the eastern side, where indications of cultural disturbance layer were discerned. At 190cm below surface, a burial composed of black ceramics, bones and iron tools were found. A complete skeleton with head to east was accompanied by: five different forms of complete pottery placed on the left side of the body; two iron tools at the hip bone; an iron object to the right side of the shoulder parallel to the corpse; one small iron tool parallel the humerus bone on the right side; and a clay spindle whorl on the right side of rib bone (Fig. 5).

Fig. 5: Complete burial found in Unit I in depth 190cm below surface

8

5. 2. Unit II This unit is located around 20m to the north of Unit I. It extends from east-west perpendicular to the road axis, and was located between two rows of looting pits which are still clearly visible. Initially, only 8m2was dug, but two extensions were excavated subsequently. The first extension was a 1m x 3m trench aligned east-west (F/42-43 and G/43 on the northern and eastern sides of sub-grid F/42 on the eastern side of the original trench the northeast corner in order to follow the burnt clay structure encountered in the northern part of the trench wall. The second was a 1m x 2m extension (J/43 and I/43) on the northern side running east-west from the western corner. This extension was to gain access to the pottery assemblage encountered at the bottom of sub-grid J/42adjacent to the northern wall. The archaeological remains discovered in this Unit include a fragment of a bronze bangle, fragments of animal bones and earthenware pottery, agate beads, snails, charcoal and a looting hole containing modern garbage. These remains were at a depth of between 40cm and 150cm. Furthermore, a complete burial was encountered in sub-grid G/42, 85cm below surface level. The skeleton had been placed on the ground with the head pointing to the West, together with burial goods such as four complete pottery vessels on the left side and some fragments of vessels on the right. Three bronze artifacts were also encountered. The first had been put on top of the knee, the second, an incomplete bronze plate put under the feet, and a large piece of bronze bowl was worn on the head. A piece of agate bead and a piece of carnelian bead were found on the chest of the skeleton. On the right side of the head, there were three agricultural implements including an iron sickle, an iron spade placed on the left side in between the ribs and the humerus, and a spear head parallel to the skull (Fig. 6) Excavation was stop when sterile soil was reached at 170cm.

5. 3. Unit III This 2m by 4m Unit was 20m to the north of Unit II, aligned perpendicular to the road axis with an area of 8m2. The excavation started on 14th December, after finishing Unit V. Digging was quick to a depth of 100cm since this was refill from looting. Excavation was more systematic from 110cm to 143cm, where fine dark brown, very moist sandy clay was found. This layer is contains numerous well dispersed pottery fragments, indicating it was undisturbed. A burial of a juvenile was uncovered between 164cm and 183cm with head aligned to the east. Associated grave goods included: Three complete black potteries placed on the right side of the skeleton: an iron tool on the left side: and another iron tool below the feet (Fig. 7).On west side of the burial, there

9 was a fine sandy clay mixed with the ash, charcoal and the remains of medium-size of potsherds. It was provisionally identified as the cooking place for the burial. Around the burial, there were plentiful large and small potsherds mixed with gravel and stone. The soil was light brown sandy clay. Furthermore, at the same level of the burial but to the north, we also encountered four complete pottery vessels. In sub-grid I/61, we encountered rectangular soil structure composed of dark brown sandy clay. In addition, a black spot containing pottery pieces and charcoal was discovered to the east of and at same level as the grave. A 1x2m extension trench was opened along the eastern perimeter to a depth of 25cm. On the western perimeter in sub-grid I/59, findings included a small-sized potsherd and a bronze ring, which is very fragile. The excavation was finished at 220cm below surface as no more artifacts were found.

Fig. 6: A burial discovered in Unit II in depth 80cm below surface with the head wear a bronze object

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Fig. 7: Juvenile buried with pottery vessels and Iron tools as grave good in Unit III

5.4. Unit IV This Unit was at a small mound about 20m north of unit III and 3m to the east of the road axis. As with the other units, unit IV had an area of 8m2 and was aligned east to west. The top layer of 25cm was removed without recording artifacts or collecting artifacts. Archaeological remains were recorded as fine sandy clay mixed with manganese, burnt clay and calcite stones at 50cm from the surface. A disordered collection of bones, shell debris, burnt clay and potsherds were encountered from 80cm to 106cm below the surface. The soil texture was soft, moist and porous, with a clear boundary between the sand and clay layers. We unearthed many potsherds, shells, charcoal, a clay ball and some animal bones and teeth. Excavation continued to a deeper layer but no grave was found. On the south wall we recovered a pottery assemblage and fragmented large animal bones, which had been exposed at the lowest cultural layer. The soil changed from fine sandy clay to porous medium sandy clay with brown color, indicating manganese. From 197cm to 217cm, we discovered three pits. The first pit was located in sub-grid E/80, the second in D/80 and the third in E/81. Inside the pits we collected potsherds, bone fragments and mollusk shell fragments, probably the remains of looting. Digging stopped at 240cm as artifacts became rare and the soil consisted only clay (Fig. 8). 11

Fig. 8: Charcoal, mollusk shells and pottery fragments were found at the bottom of

Unit IV

5.5. Unit V This unit is located approximately 20m north-west of unit IV, on the edge of the northern part of the mound where the ground slopes to the north more steeply than at the other units. Old and recent looting pits remain visible in the vicinity. It was again 8m2 in area, perpendicular to the road axis and orientated east-west. The standard procedure adopted for excavation by was to remove the top 25cm of the face without record any artifact were revealed because these are in disorder. In this Unit, the disturbance to the top layers meant that only a few pottery and bone fragments was found from 50cm to 70cm. At 80cm to 95cm, the soil was fine sandy clay mixed with manganese and burnt clay. In sub-grid G/104, a grey soil pit was revealed with several blocks of burnt clay. This burnt clay formed a floor which ran from north to south and it was built up to form a stove at the north end. Near the burnt clay feature, there are a lot of wood ash, charcoal and two iron tools, a Knife and a sickle. The excavation continued around the burnt clay feature from level 95cm to 120cm in order to determine whether it was used permanently as a fire place and/or on episodically. Sub-grids F/103, G/103,

12

H/103 and I/103 of this trench were extended 1.5 m2 to the south. A complete iron tool and a knife were discovered in sub-grids H/103 and G/103 at a depth of 80cm. Pottery fragments become rare from 80cm to 150cm. The assemblage of burnt clay is possibly the fragments of the stove which was broken in situ after it was used by modern people. No evidence of burials was found. There traces of looting at the east wall of the trench. The excavation finished when we reached fine clay with brownish green color at 150cm and no further archaeological remains were discovered (Fig. 9).

Fig. 9: Assemblage of burnt clay, possible remains of broken stove, found in Unit V

5.6. Unit VI This new trench was started when excavation finished at Unit V. It is located on the western edge of the bypass approximately 5m west of Unit IV and around 15m north- west of Unit III. A row of looting pits is clearly observable about 2m from this Unit to the West. At the beginning, only 6m2 (2m x 3m) was planned for excavation in an east-west alignment perpendicular to the bypass. The excavation was quickly dug from the top level to about 1m and no archaeological remains were recorded expect a few small pottery fragments. At the southeast corner sub-grid K/72, an entire iron tool and a complete

13 black pottery vessel assemblage was encountered at a depth of 151cm. The same level in sub-grids L/73 and M/73, numerous potsherds associated with some fragments of animal bone were unearthed. The excavation kept going down from 150cm to 175cm. In square K/72 much cultural material appeared including iron tools and large potsherds, to depth of 175cm. This object was assessed as belonging to burial. Most of the burial had been discovered under naturally oxidized brown clay mixed with manganese, a party from the burial in unit II which was found in fine sandy clay with tubular pores. In unit VI, three burials were discovered in a brown oxidization layer above a calcite clay layer (fig.10). The first burial was found at a depth of 187cm from top surface in the fine clay mix with sand and manganese layer. This burial has suffered much damage probably due to the root of a tree located on top and the tree trunk was cut down some time ago, but the root was not removed. This burial was encountered the black potsherds with difference type and two iron tools such as a dagger and a sickle. The skeleton was dissolved into the fragment and the skull broke into several pieces. In the grave remained the bone of leg, pelvic, ripe and some fragment of skull. And most of the pottery revealed in the broken pieces and scattered around the corpse. At 220cm below surface, a fragment of bronze was discovered, as well as teeth, iron tools and a few broken pottery vessels. Objects recovered 40cm lower than this level included fragments of human bones, probably connected to the first burial. Four sub-grids were extended to the south and north of sub-grids M, L, K and J, to unearth the complete structure of the other two burials. A second burial was found to the South-East of the first burial, 180cm from the surface. Few associated offerings were discovered. Two complete pottery vessels were revealed on top of the body, one black cylindrical jar over both feet, two iron hoes on the pelvis and bronze bangles were worn on both hands. The final burial of this Unit was to the north-east of the burial I and recovered at 250cm, in fine clay mixed with loamy sand and calcite stone, with a clear of boundary. The burial was in a brown oxidized sandy clay containing manganese at 199cm. The burial was revealed in a rectangular shape extending east-west 120cm and North-South 85cm, with dark brown soil above a clear boundary layer. The edge of the grave pit was clearly visible and the skeleton lay in the same position it was buried in. There were numerous grave goods, such as complete black pottery vessels, potsherds and two hoes on the right side of the skeleton. Three different types of object were found lying on the

14 body: four pottery vessels: two iron tools: and a clay spindle whorl. A spear head lay on the left shoulder of the skeleton.

Fig. 10: Three burials of different level found in Unit VI

5.7. Unit VII This was the last Unit of the rescue excavation project at Kok Treas. It was opened at the edge of the road boundary in order to check for the distribution of burials. It is around 10m from Unit III to the west and next to a row of recent looting pits where many potsherds and fragments of human bone were seen spread on the surrounding ground. This Unit has an 8m2 (2m x 4m) oriented south-north parallel to the bypass route. We removed all archaeological finds from the surface layer, including burnt clay and potsherds, without recording or noting their nature or quantity, because these were assessed as waste from looting. We removed the soil from the top layer to reach 113cm below surface. It is believe that this layer suffered extensive disturbance when from looting. Some brown clay slip potsherds were found among the black potsherds, in addition to burnt clay and shell fragments. Traces of looting holes were clearly recognizable in some spots down to 125cm. A spindle whorl and numerous discarded potsherds were found. Excavation continued into at layer of oxidized fine clay mixed with 15 manganese and encountered four looted pits in sub-grids V/58, V/59, W/58 and W/59.No archaeological artifacts or burial were found and the excavation was completed at a depth of 230cm below surface (Fig. 11).

Fig. 12: Bottom of Unit VII. Some area revealed remain of looting pits

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6. Excavation result In all, seven locations amounting to 70m2 have been excavated to a depth varying from 150cm to 250cm below present surface along the bypass at Kok Treas site from 01 December, 2012 through 06th January, 2013, providing very significant archaeological information. Potsherds are the main findings encountered in different layers associated with fauna and some human remains as well as mollusk shells. Fragments of bronze ornaments, iron tools and clay spindle whorls were also found outside and within the burials. Structures of burnt clay, charcoal and the remains of looting pits were also found in nearly all excavation trenches. Stone beads were very rare in the burials and in the strata, while glass beads, stoneware, imported ceramic, stone tools, gold and silver jewelry have not been found.

The most important finds encountered in this excavation campaign are the burials. There were 6 burials, found in 4 of the 7 excavation units, five burials were complete and one was incomplete. In each burial there were items associated with daily used, such as metal tools, jewelry, earthenware pottery and clay spindle whorls. Stone bead were very rare and there were no glass bead in any of the graves. The recovered items are now being restored, conserved and studied in detail. All skeletons will be examined by a Paleoanthropologist to determine sex, age and probable cause death.

7. Conclusion It is the first time that, the archaeological excavation has been conducted in the area of the 12th century temple complex of Banteay Chhmar. The survey and excavation results, - enable us to draw a clearer picture of the structural and functional use of the site within the region. Kok Treas is an ancient necropolis and rich with archaeological artifacts. It is a large mound about 180m from East to West and around 150m from South to North. The elevation varies from 1m to 1,2m higher than the surrounding area. The burials at different level ranging from 80cm to 250cm below the surface indicates that, the site possibly was occupied over a prolonged of time. By comparing the archaeological materials discovered from this excavation to the materials found at Phum Snay, Phum Sophy in Banteay Meanchey province, Phum Prohear in Prei Veng province and Village 10.8 in Kampong Cham province, it is possible that Kok Treas can be date at least from the late Iron Age to early historical times. The funeral tradition by covered the bronze bowl on the head found in Unit II is the same as those found at Prohear (Andreas et al.

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2009). This tradition is widely known in Mainland Southeast Asia as well as in China dates back Iron Age to Pre-history. Archaeological surveys conducted by Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts team have revealed twenty one prehistoric occupation mounds located around the Banteay Chhmar temple complex. Most of them are irregular in form, although a few of the smaller mounds could be described as circular (Richards-hons, 2007). Unfortunately, all these sites including Kok Treas have been heavily damage by illegal digging. Archaeological remains scattered on the ground around looting pits of those sites are similar to the materials found at Kok Treas. However, the rescue excavation of Kok Treas have provided very significant archaeological information relating to human behavior, social, cultural development and burial practice in this area at least from the late Iron Age to early history. The distributions of many prehistoric sites around temple complex have revealed human occupation in the area much earlier than the Angkorian period. For the moment, it is impossible to come to any definitive conclusions, while the excavated areas are small and the recovered archaeological materials are still under study. In this regard, we expect that further archaeological information add our understanding, when the study of the recovered cultural material is completed. Additionally, to better understand the funerary practices and settlements in this area, it will be necessary to undertaken further archaeological excavations and more detail analysis of archaeological objects in the framework of international cooperation.

8. Recommendation Relying on the excavation results, especially, the distribution of the burials it is very important to make some recommendations before proceeding with the road construction particularly across this site. Under the present condition of persistent national poverty in economic as well as administrative terms, and confronted with the opening of Cambodia to a rapidly expanding regional network , the potential wealth of the region lies exposed to exploitation on an unprecedented scale. It is only in a context of a well regulated economy that cultural heritage can be protected and development can be sustained. Units I, II, III and VI have yielded graves at depths varying from 80cm to 250cm while three others Units (IV, V and VII) have revealed many fragments of earthenware, animal bone and teeth, several pieces of human bone, mollusk shells and charcoals at

18 levels from 30cm to 200cm below the surface. From these preliminary results, it is recommended that:

1). the road construction in the area of Kok Treas site, should not remove the soil deeper than 50cm from the surface.

2). Soil should not be allowed to be excavated within the boundary of the site for any purpose.

3). During construction, it is responsibility of the project management to inform the Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts or the Banteay Meanchey Culture and Fine Arts Department, when they are entering archaeologically sensitive areas or when they uncover important archaeological artifacts, - so the work can be monitored to ensure damage our cultural heritage is avoided.

In conclusion, preventive archaeology of the bypass road of Kok Treas or the region Banteay Chhmar temple complex, prior to undertaken any development project important to protect and preserve the sub-surface cultural heritage. Ongoing archaeological survey and excavations are uncovering new archaeological materials and architectural structure that may explain past activities of our ancestors around the temples and in the ancient city. Such archaeological activity is fundamental to our understanding of the history of each site. Unfortunately, most of the prehistoric sites in the region of Banteay Chhmar temple complex are being damaged by illegal looters checking for valuable object. To address this issue, the General Department of Cultural Heritage, Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts is paying attention and taking measures to conserve potential archaeological remains. The main task is to collaborate with local inhabitants, local and overseas private companies and organizations working on the development projects to share with them the information about the importance of cultural heritage in the Banteay Chhmar historical complex.

19

Excavation team at Kok Treas

20

KOREA CONSULTANTS INTERNATIONAL Cambodia Northwest Provincial Road Improvement Project ADB Load No. 2539-CAM (SF)

APPENDIX C

QUARTERLY EMP MONITORING REPORT OF NR 56B

UNDER EDCF LOAN KHM-9

Ministry of Public Works and Transport Quarterly Environmental Monitoring Report Project Management Unit 3 March 2013 KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS AND TRANSPORT (MPWT) PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT 3 (PMU3)

CAMBODIA NORTHWEST PROVINCIAL ROAD IMPROVEMENT PROJECT (Improvement National Road 56B Km29+000 to Samraong) EDCF LOAN NO. KHM-9

Environment Management Quarterly Report No.2 (March, 2013)

KOREA CONSULTANTS INTERNATIONAL

IN ASSOCIATION WITH YOOSHIN ENGINEERING CORPORATION KUMHO-HWANGBO JOINT VENTURE LTD PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT (PMU3) Report Control Form

Project Name: Cambodia Northwest Provincial Road Improvement Project EDCF Loan No. KHM-9

Report Name: Quarterly Environmental Monitoring Report No.2 March 2013

PREPARATION, REVIEW AND AUTHORISATION

Prepared by: Myung-Geun Lee Signature: ……………………………………… Team Leader Position: Date: EDCF Loan No. KHM-9

Reviewed by: Sok Sam An Signature: ………………………………………

Position: Project Manager, PMU3 Date:

Approved by: H.E. Mr. Pheng Sovicheano Signature: ……………………………………… Project Director, PMU3 Position: Date: Under Secretary of State, MPWT

ISSUE REGISTER

Distribution List Date Issued No. of Copies

Ministry of Public Works and Transport 2 Export-Import Bank of Korea 1 Economic Development Cooperation Fund

Asian Development Bank, Manila 1

Ministry of Economy and Finance 1

KCI Staff: Team Leader, Cambodia 1

Project File (copy of this form only necessary) 1

REVISION, PREPARATION, REVIEW ISSUE

Issued to Revision Date Prepared by Reviewed by Distribution List by: KOREA CONSULTANTS INTERNATIONAL Cambodia Northwest Provincial IN ASSOCIATION WITH YOOSHIN ENGINEERING CORPORATION Road Improvement Project EDCF LoaNo.KHM-9 CONTENTS

PROJECT LOCATION MAP PROJECT ROAD MAP BY-PASS ROAD MAP

I. EXCUTIVE SUMMARY OF EMP

1. The Project 2. The EMP 3. Legislation 4. Preservation of Historical Monuments 5. Agricultural Land for Borrow Pits 6. Quarries and Rock Material 7. Construction Impact 8. Operational Impacts i. Accidents ii. Illegal Settlement along Row iii. Accelerated Loss of Forest 9. Social Issues 10. Public Consultation 11. Social and Environment Unit 12. Environmental Monitoring 13. Summarized Monitoring EMP

II. EXCUTIVE SUMMARY OF CEMP

1. Construction Camps 2. Borrow Pits/Quarries 3. Erosion of Slopes 4. Air and Dust Pollution 5. Water Pollution 6. Agriculture 7. Land Contamination 8. Culture Heritage 9. Noise Pollution 10. Drainage and Flooding 11. Construction Camp Closure

APPENDIX

A. CHECK LIST OF EMP (JANUARY 2013) B. CHECK LIST OF EMP (FEBRUARY 2013) C. CHECK LIST OF EMP (MARCH 2013)

Ministry of Public Works and Transport i Quarterly EMP Monitoring Report Project Management Unit 3 January-March 2013 KOREA CONSULTANTS INTERNATIONAL Cambodia Northwest Provincial IN ASSOCIATION WITH YOOSHIN ENGINEERING CORPORATION Road Improvement Project EDCF LoaNo.KHM-9

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB Asian Development Bank APL Angkor Protected Landscape APSARA Authority for Protection and Management of Angkor and the Region of Siem Reap BCPL Banteay Chhmar Protected Landscape DDIS Detailed Design and Implement Supervision Consultant DoCF Department of Culture and Fine Arts DoE Department of Environment (Provincial Level of MoE) DPWT Department of Public Works and Transport (Provincial Level of MPWT) EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan FA Forestry Authority in MAFF G Gabion Geo Geo Textile GoC Government of Cambodia GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism IEE Initial Environment Examination IRC Inter-Ministerial Resettlement Commitee M Mattress MAFF Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries MoCFA Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts MOE Ministry of Environment MoH Ministry of Health MoWM Ministry of Water Resource and Meteology MPWT Ministry of Public Works and Transport ROW Right of Way RP Resettlement Plan SEU Social and Environment Unit (within MPWT) TSBR Tonle Sap Biosphere Reserv

Ministry of Public Works and Transport ii Quarterly EMP Monitoring Report Project Management Unit 3 January-March 2013

PROJECT ROAD EDCF Loan KHM-9: Cambodia Northwest Provincial Road Improvement Project By-pass Road Banteay Chhmar Temple Protected Area

EDCF KHM-9 KOREA CONSULTANTS INTERNATIONAL Cambodia Northwest Provincial IN ASSOCIATION WITH YOOSHIN ENGINEERING CORPORATION Road Improvement Project EDCF LoaNo.KHM-9

I. EXCUTIVE SUMMARY OF EMP

1. The Project 1 The GMS Cambodia Northwest Provincial Road Improvement Project will be undertaken on the already classified NR56 from Sisophon to Samraong. The road has a length of about 113 km. The rehabilitation of the Sisophon to Samraong section of NR56 is an integral part in the upgrading of the GMS regional road network linking Thailand via Cambodia as well. EDCF Loan KHM-9 will cover rehabilitation of 84km of NR 56 between 29km from Sisophon and Samraong, provision of equipments for the CBF at O’smach and installation of ATCS at existing 7weigh station on NR.

2 In order to avoid impacts Banteay Chham temple (BCT) under consideration for World Heritage, 11km bypass which comes under the EDCF Loan KHM-9 financed Contract is planned. Three options for bypass were considered and the Alternative-1 in support zone from Buffer zone 1.5km selected. Therefore, there will be no impacts the BCT. (See Figure 1-2, By-pass Road Map at BCT)

3 The existing bridges and box culverts along NR56 have been improved under ADB Loan 1945- CAM, CRIP. Several pipe culverts were also replaced to improve access for the contractor and public. Two bridges on NR 56 will be widening but excepting these, the improvement for these roads will be limited to the road embankment, DBST pavement and the remaining drainage structures such as pipe culverts. The improvement for this road will provide all-year, all weather access to remote and poorly serviced rural areas and improve community accessibility to markets and social infrastructure, while facilitating easier access to growing employment opportunities in the surrounding urban areas.

2. The EMP 4 This Environmental Management Plan (EMP) gives guidance on how to mitigate the environmental concerns identified in connection with this project. The project proponent is the General Department of Public Works, Ministry of Public Works and Transport, Royal Government of Cambodia (MPWT). The EMP has been prepared by MPWT with the assistance of the Supervision Consultant project. The EMP identifies potentially significant environmental impacts, appropriate mitigation measures, monitoring requirements and responsibilities. The EMP has been prepared in accordance with "Environmental Assessment Requirements of the Asian Development Bank" (ADB 1998) and taking cognizance of the requirements of the Cambodian Ministry of Environment.

5 The Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) details the environmental concerns with regard to the road improvement works in the transport Infrastructure Development for the MPWT, RGC. The Project has been classified as Category “B” and the IEE has been prepared in accordance with ADB Environmental Policy (2002) and ADB Environmental Assessment Guidelines (2003). The IEE provides an initial screening of the proposed project activates, identifies significant environmental impacts, proposes appropriate mitigation measures, and determines if any further environmental assessment is required.

3. Legislation 6 The contractor must comply with all laws, legislative instruments and regulations which are relevant to the project. The “Law on Environmental Protection and Natural Resource Management”

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(1996) enables the Ministry of Environment to pass sub-decrees and regulations to protect the environment. The Environmental Impect Assessment (EIA) Sub-decree was enacted in July 01 2000 and has been adopted pursuant to the Law on Environmental Protection and Natural Resource Management. Even if the regulations are in draft form, the contractors must comply with them. These sub-decrees state parameters to be measured and levels to be met and include:

1) EIA Sub-degree is intended to: - Promote conservation, protection and appropriate use of natural resources to maintain sustainable economic development and enhance environmental quality - Integrate environmental impact assessment (IEIA) within project planning and decision making. - Promote public participation in the decision making process

2) Law of EP and NRM Sub- decrees (1996) encompass: - Sub-Degree on environmental impact assessment - Sub-Decree on Air and Noise Pollution Control - Sub-Decree on Water Pollution Control - Sub-Decree on Solid Waste Management

The contractor must also comply with laws on historical monuments, nature reserves and Wildlife.

4. Preservation of Historical Monuments 7 Banteay Chhmar Temple is located approximately 500 m from the NR56 road. The curtain wall is some 100 m from the road and the water moat lies between the outer wall and NR56, with a shoulder of 2-3 m between the road and the moat. All areas, the moat, the curtain wall and inner temple are protected by royal decree. Under this contract, there are no works near the temple. There will be no impacts from this contract on the Banteay Chhmar Temple.

8 In order to avoid impect on BCT temple, 11km bypass is planned. Three options of protection for Banteay Chhmar Temple were considered and Alternative 1 selected in Support Zone out of Buffer Zone 1.5km.Therefore, there will be no impacts on the Banteay Chhmar Temple.

5. Agricultural Land for Borrow Pits 9 Borrow pits will be located along NR56 as a source of earth for embankment material. Farmers have no objections to sitting pits on private land providing the land is returned in a usable fashion. On NR56B many material of borrow pit may be needed for embankment and 11km by-pass alignment for no impact BCT. The contractors will buy such material from the farmers. As borrow areas will be subject to private contract between the farmers and the contractor, the decision as to rehabilitation will be made on a case by case basis. Many farmers stated during consultations that they wished borrow pits to be left open so that could be used for water reservoirs on dry season, duck pond or fish ponds .However, should the farmers specified rehabilitation the contractor must comply with this request as indicated in the borrow pit excavation plan, to the satisfaction of the engineer by the EMP.

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10 If it is not possible to develop suitable uses, then the borrow pits shall be reinstated, re-vegetated and handed back to the owner. Contractor to check that location, use and closure plan of borrow pits is acceptable to the villagers. Also checks borrow roads. Check no grievances over land acquisition.

6. Quarries and Rock Material 11 One existing Market quarry and two possible rock formations have been identified. If existing market quarries which are under private ownership are used then the owner must have obtained permission from the relevant authorities. If new quarries are required then approval must be obtained permission from the relevant authorities.

12 Where rock extraction is to be by explosives blasting, normal industrial standards and safety practices must be followed to minimize noise and vibration impacts. The blasting method statement must be submitted to the RE in advance for his approval. The contractor or his appointed blasting subcontractor must advise on the location of the drilling hole, depth of drilling, diameter of hole and charge per hole. The Details of the type of explosive and initiation must be stated. Local residents must be made aware of blasting taking place and warned in advance.

13 If explosives are to be stored on site. A license magazine must be used. This must have strict security and restricted access. An inventory of explosives transported in, used and stored must be kept and reported monthly to RE.

7. Construction Impact 14 Construction workers camps will be located away from communities; contractor will prepare a worker health and safety plan, including sanitation facilities, equipment, and medical care; workers will receive health and safety training; and workers will undergo pre-employment health screening. All sanitary waste will pass to septic tanks. Locally manufactured tanks are recommended. Wash water from cooking and showers will be kept separate from sanitary waste and will be treated with grease traps before discharge to water courses. When construction is completed, the contractors will clean up the construction site and workers camps by removing all equipment and buildings and carrying out site remediation work. Three mobile teams will move around NR 56 and occupy temporary quarters. They will be required to rent local accommodation rather than disturb the local community by constructing their own facilities.

15 Concrete structures for RCP will be fabricated in casting yard and be transported to site for installation. Quantities of cement and aggregate that would normally have been brought on site will be significantly reduced and Environmental Impact.

16 Materials such as soil, gravel, sand and rock will be required for road construction. Construction material will be hauled by trucks to the project sites. If contractor trucks exceed weight limits, there may be damage to bridges and road surfaces. Weight restrictions must be imposed on construction vehicles and equipment to prevent damage to structures.

17 Fuels and oil storage areas will have containment. Fuel stored on the site must follow industrial practices. Fuel suppliers must provide skid mounted tanks with a metered off take and pump mounted on concrete hard standing. The concrete base must have a perimeter curb to catch and retain any

Ministry of Public Works and Transport Page 3 Quarterly EMP Monitoring Report Project Management Unit 3 January-March 2013 KOREA CONSULTANTS INTERNATIONAL Cambodia Northwest Provincial IN ASSOCIATION WITH YOOSHIN ENGINEERING CORPORATION Road Improvement Project EDCF LoaNo.KHM-9 minor leaks or spills from the main tank manifold by EMP (Figure 4-1) Spill Protection for Fuel Oil Storage. Waste oil will be stored and disposed in acceptable manner. Wherever possible, refueling and maintenance will be carried out at commercial fuel storage areas and maintenance shop to avoid impact on project area. Stored friable materials will have covers to control dust.

18 The Contractor must maintain dust abatement procedures by periodically water spray to dust control where roads construction site and access areas pass through villages and at the site where workers are employed. Dust abatement in rock quarries must be controlled by contractor unless privately owned.

19 Some blasting may be necessary to borrow rock and demolish structures. This will be strictly controlled for avoid disturbance to residents. Blasting method statements will be required to be submitted for prior approval. For safety reasons, close coordination with the UXO team in case of necessary will be enforced to avoid secondary initiation.

20 There are several nature reserves and protected areas have been identified in the general vicinity of the area. The two main protected areas of interest are Banteay Chhmar protected landscape and the Sarus Crane bird sanctuary .The Workers base camps, fabrication sites and borrow areas will not take place inside a protected area. The contractors will not be allowed any incursion into these areas.

8. Operational Impacts i. Accidents 21 As a result of higher speeds accidents may increase. To date there do not appear to have been any major chemical spills. Vehicles carrying chemicals do follow “HAZCHEM” warning signs.

ii. Illegal Settlement along Row 22 The MPWT needs to establish RoW ownership by use of boundary markers and discourage illegal dwellings, encroachments and squatters.

iii. Accelerated Loss of Forest 23 Illegal logging is controlled by allowing communities to harvest forest products and trees for their own use. The Project is not expected to increase any forest loss as there is no timber yielding forest in the area.

iv. Accelerated Loss of Wildlife 24 There are two main protected areas of interest are Banteay Chhmar Protected Landscape and Sarus Crane bird sanctuary within the area of NR56 but no rare animal species. The Ang Trapang Thmor Sarus Crane Conservation Area (SCCA) lies to the north of NR No.6 at a distant of approximately25 kms and to the east of NR56 at a distance of approximately 30kms. The “Roneam Doum Sam Wildlife Sanctuary” lies to the southwest of NR No.5 at a distance of 10 kms from the road. There will be no impacts on “Roneam Doum Sam Wildlife Sanctuary”.

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9. Social Issues 25 The project will have positive benefits which enhance the quality of life and living standards of the local population. The introduction of sexually transmitted diseases or other infections by immigrant workers is being addressed by a separate program.

10. Public Consultation 26 Many consultations have taken place with local authorities and community representatives during project preparation, and these will continue.

11. Social and Environment Unit 27 The Social and Environment Unit (SEU) is a team in MPWT who work in close cooperation with other authorities such as socio-economics, resettlement, environment, HIV Prevention program. Their current duty is to implement “the Resettlement Plan (RP)”. SEU works in close cooperation with the IRC and liaises on regular basis. SEU will ensure that the contractors comply with all relevant legislation and follow monitoring and reporting schedules given in the EMP.

12. Environmental Monitoring 28 The essence of monitoring is to ensure compliance with Environmental Legislation. The Contractors will have a “Duty of Care” to comply with the relevant legislation in the compliance with EMP and IEE by CEMP. The Supervising Consultant must check Contractors activities and report in ensuring that the environmental safeguard and social impect of EMP are implemented and provide assistance to mitigate any unforeseen environmental issues in the case of noncompliance with EMP associated with the NPRIP KHM-9 Project.

29 The Contractors should have an environmental specialist on their staff for monitoring who will advise on implementing the EMP. The inspector’s responsibility will include environmental issues and also must check activities and progress against environmental checklist (See Appendix)

30 With regard to social impact, STD information and Education program was introduce by MPWT and was also monitored by Environment and Social Safeguard (ESS) during the implementation by consultation with commune council and the NGO.

31 The purpose of meeting with local authority (commune councils) is not only to hear complains, social and environmental impact and satisfaction with the maintenance project but also to verify and confirm whether or not HIV/AIDS campaign are conducted in the project influence area. In addition, it is an effective public disclosure of safeguard information to local authorities.

32 It is observed that there is no adverse environmental and social impact to local community along the project influence area during civil works of road construction.

13. Summarized Monitoring EMP

33 Blow is the summarize table of the environmental and social safeguard monitoring for the month up to March 2013.

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SUMMARISED POTENTIAL NEGATIVE IMPACTS, MITIGATION MEASURES MONITORING EMP( Up to March 2013)

Activities Potential Negative Impacts Mitigation Measures Monitoring EMP (a) Road alignment Damage to ancient temple on NR 58– in ƒ Road alignment was changed to give by pass around Banthey Up to now there is no Necropolis contravention of Law on Protection of Cultural Chhmar and now avoids historical areas. Decision made in was found on Bypass alignment and National Heritage (1996) collaboration with MoCF. during Civil Works. Archaeological survey have been finished on Dec 2012 by MoCF (b) Raising Road Affecting Increase erosion, possible road ƒ All bridges stream flow area increased, extra cross drainage Increased in Embankment raise Hydrology, Drainage and failure due to impoundment of flood waters; provided. Included in detailed design. up Design for cross drain at fish migration. prevention of fish migration. inundation Area on Dec 2012 (c) Need for fill material Loss of live hood, Loss of Agricultural Land for ƒ Develop alternative uses for borrow pit areas with agreement Up to now there is no complain Borrow Pits. of farmers and villagers. Some villagers request borrows pits from farmers and villagers for to be left as water ponds for use by village. borrow pits (d) Cutting of roadside trees Loss of roadside trees, loss of shade and ƒ Compensation to be paid under Resettlement Plan. No Compensation to be paid under utility. replanting is required by contractor, planting will be carried IRC/MEF out, if appropriate, by MAFF (e) Cut faces and borrow Erosion and instability of cut faces and borrow ƒ Design cut slope to minimize instability. Up to now there is no Erosion pits pits ƒ Use structural stabilization measures such as retaining walls instability at slope and borrow pits and gabions, if necessary. ƒ Use adequate design, siting, and sizes of drainage structures. All included in detailed design. (f) Outflow from drainage Erosion of Lands below the roadbed receiving ƒ Position drainage structures to avoid a cascade effect and to 1. sufficient pipe culvert included structures concentrated outflow carried by drainage ensure that runoff is conveyed into natural drainage lines at in embankment raise up due to structures– in contravention of Draft Sub- controlled velocities. climate change in Variation No.1 Decree on Water Quality. ƒ Line receiving areas with stones or concrete to protect soils at 2. Up to now there is no erosion outflow areas of lands and contravention of Draft ƒ Incorporate sufficient number of drainage outlets such that sub-Decree on water quality flow from any individual outlet is not excessive. Included in detailed design. (g) Road alignment next to Loss of riverside vegetation Where road alignment is close to the rivers, widening or re- Up to now there is no loss of river/stream alignment should be on the side not adjacent to the river riverside vegetation close to included in detailed design. rivers. (h) Road widening Loss of vegetation and habitat through road Re-grass for slopes and embankments. Specification included in Up to now there is no loss of widening, realignment of right-of-way detailed design. vegetation and habitat

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(i) Road alignment Impacts on wildlife through interruption of Other than fish migration no impacts. Up to now there is no impact on migratory routes and other habitat Wildlife in contravention of Law on disturbances– in contravention of Law on EP and NRM (1996) Environmental Protection and Natural Resource Management (1996) (j) Road alignment Encroachment on irrigation structures from ƒ Use appropriate drainage structures to replace those There is no irrigation structure for road widening and realignment presently used in irrigation systems. road widening and realignment in ƒ Avoid encroachment on irrigation systems in use. detail design ƒ Consult with relevant government offices and villagers. Already included in detailed design , if necessary (k) Road Construction Encroachment on water supply systems from ƒ Identify places where there are existing and planned water 1. There is no water supply road construction activities pipes and make appropriate arrangement avoid water pipes. systems from road activities ƒ Detailed design must include plans for avoidance of damage already to water systems and replacement/repair of water systems 2. Consultant surveyed pipe where avoidance is not possible. Coordination should be culvert location for slope drawing exercised through the Inter-Ministerial Resettlement where there are existing and Committee, as well as normal inter-ministry liaison. planned pipe culvert structures (l) Road widening onto Destruction of agricultural land through road ƒ Minimize realignment through agricultural land. Compensation for loss of agricultural land widening and realignment ƒ Ensure appropriate compensation for loss of agricultural agricultural land by MEF. IRC lands. (m) Road shoulder widening Encroachment on previously unidentified ƒ Consult with villagers during detailed design to avoid Up to now there is no graveyard, cultural sites– in contravention of Law on encroachment on graveyard, and other unidentified sites of and other cultural National Protection of Cultural and National Heritage cultural importance. Heritage to avoid encroachment (1996) (a) Mobilization of Accident risk from mobilizing construction ƒ Minimize the mobilization of heavy equipment to night time. Up to now there is no accident equipment and workforce equipment ƒ Over-width and over-length vehicles should display adequate from mobilizing construction warnings such as flashing lights, signs, and flags on equipment extending parts of equipment. (b) Mobilizing workforce The introduction of an outside workforce can ƒ Conduct special briefing or on-site training on environmental Up to now there is no complaining have a negative impact on the health and requirement of the project to workers. from Local people on the issues social well-being of local people ƒ Strictly supervise workers not to interference with local affairs caused by workers or quarrel with local people. ƒ In case of complaints from local people on the issues caused by workers, the complaints should be solved as soon as possible, by collaboration of contractor and village representatives. (c) Behavior of workers Impacts on local wildlife by workforce– in ƒ Carry out awareness-raising campaigns on wildlife value for Up to now there is no local Wildlife contravention of Joint Prakas of the Ministry of workers. in contravention if join prakas of Environment and the Ministry of Agriculture on ƒ Any worker conduct hunting, or buying wildlife from local MOE and MOA Prohibition of Hunting and Catching of Wildlife people, will be dismissed from job. Animals (1996) ƒ Supply workers with sufficient food from outside the project.

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(d) Protecting workers safety Accident risk from mobilizing The following safety precautions should be provided to workers. ƒ Up to now there is no accident ƒ Warning and/or Precaution Signs on safety. to workers ƒ Provide full PPE; Helmets, boots, warning jackets etc. ƒ Provide full PPE to workers ƒ Instruction on health and safety. ƒ Installation for warning and ƒ Establishment of all relevant safety measures required by law precaution sign on safety and good engineering practices. (e) Health Aspects Outbreak of disease ƒ The contractor shall have all his workers undergo a medical Up to now there is no outbreak of screening prior to their arrival on site, to check for HIV/AIDS, disease from workers sexually transmitted diseases, and to provide an awareness program. Any workers screening positive for such diseases shall not be allow on the site. ƒ Site construction camps far away from local communities and rivers. ƒ Keep camps from becoming blight on the local environment. ƒ Provide enough water supplies for workers, and ensure sufficient sanitation for the camp: the proper location for solid waste disposal. ƒ Make medical treatment available for workers. Provide workers mosquito nets and malaria-prevention medication, if needed, spray around camp area with chemicals against mosquitoes. (f) Providing fuel for workers Depletion of natural resources through ƒ Do not harvest wood resources within protected area. It is normal to use fuel wood for demand for building materials, fuel and food ƒ Where local materials must be used, make agreements with cooking in Cambodia area for for workers– in contravention of Royal Decree local communities about the areas or the volume that can be workers on the Creation and Designation of Protected harvested without significant impact. Areas (1993) ƒ Support community development by paying an adequate price for any local resources used. ƒ All supplies for building camps should be brought from outside area. (i) Construction work area Loss of water quality– in contravention of Sub- ƒ Revegetation of construction area. This relates to grass There is no loss of water quality Decree on Water Quality seeding of slopes of new embankments for soil stabilization by Embankment soil to seeding of and control of sediment run off. slope in Detail design (ii) Work in stream channels Loss of water quality– in contravention of Sub- ƒ Limit work in channels to low flows. Diversionary works to be There is no channel to low flows Decree on Water Quality completed in dry season. (iii) Fuel, lubricants and Loss of soil and water quality – in ƒ Fuel storage in properly designed facilities, careful refueling There is no loss of water quality asphalt contravention of MOE Praka No. 992 on the systems by fuel and lubricant Regulation of Industrial Solid and Liquid Waste Management (1994) (iv) Solid waste disposal Loss of soil and water quality– in contravention ƒ Solid waste management procedures Up to now there is no loss of soil of Sub-Decree on Waste Management and water quality by solid waste disposal

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(v) Dust impacts Loss of quality of life values– in contravention ƒ Road watering for road maintenance and cover stock piles Up to now there is no complain of Draft Sub-Decree on Air Pollution issue by Local village Prevention (vi) Noise impacts Loss of quality of life values– in contravention ƒ Vehicle noise control, Timing of work, Give advance notice of Up to now there is no complain of Draft Sub-Decree on Noise Prevention time of blasting issue (vii) Vibration impacts Loss of quality of life values– in contravention ƒ Schedule work to minimize nuisance Up to now there is no Complain of Draft Sub-Decree on Noise Prevention issue (viii) Damage to bridges and Loss of access ƒ Truck overloading must be controlled Up to now there is no Damage to pavements existing bridges (ix) Inadequate sanitation Increased disease– in contravention of Law on ƒ Provide sanitation through septic tanks; potable water, by Up to now there is no increased Environmental Protection and Natural wells and tankers. Well to be sunk on permanent campsites. disease by Sanitation Resource Management (1996) Septic tanks to be installed on permanent campsites. Temporary camps on NR 56 to be in rented accommodation with existing sanitation, and extra water provided by tanker if needed. (x) Being ready for Slow response to injury, no treatment for ƒ Worker Health and Safety Plan, First Aid officer on site It is suggested that PM should accidents and injuries illness identifying nearest medical facilities. identifying nearest Medical facilities on site (xi) Stagnant water areas Breeding habitats for mosquito ƒ Siting camps distant to communities. Up to now there is no stagnant vector Removal of stagnant water areas. water area sitting lose camps (xii) Dislocation of people Loss of livelihood and assets ƒ Resettlement and compensation plan Up to now there is no complaint within RoW issued (xiii) Discovery of artifacts Permanent loss of cultural items– in ƒ Contractor awareness; inform MoCF Up to now there is no artifacts and and relics contravention of Law on Protection of Cultural relics except by pass area and National Heritage (1996) (xiv) Earthworks and Erosion and instability of cut faces and borrow ƒ No new side roads should be permitted in areas with steep Up to now there are no erosion operating of quarries pits slopes. and instability during construction and borrow pits ƒ Minimize major earthworks during the rainy season, to the phase operating quarries and extent feasible. borrow pits ƒ Pile topsoil from digging of borrows pits carefully to one side, where it can be later used for reclamation. ƒ During construction, employ erosion prevention measures such as the use of hay bales. ƒ At the end of the construction phase, raconteur borrows pit walls, replace topsoil, and revegetate. ƒ At the end of the construction phase, revegetate cut slopes where feasible.

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(xv) Disposal of overburden Erosion from disposal of cut spoil ƒ Dispose of spoil only where there is vegetated strip at least Up to now there is no Disposal of 50m wide between the disposal site and the nearest water overburden body. To the extent feasible, avoid disposal on slopes greater than 30%. ƒ Where spoil disposal in vegetated sites cannot be avoided, select areas with scrub growth over areas of healthy forest. ƒ No disposal in the area of the BCPL. ƒ No disposal into gullies or watercourses. ƒ No disposal in or adjacent to cultivated areas, unless such areas lie within the road reserve width, in which case owner will be compensated under the Resettlement Plan. ƒ No disposal by direct tipping of spoil down slope. ƒ Revegetate spoil dumps to maintain the soil stability.

(xvi) Construction near Loss of riverside vegetation ƒ Avoid clearing riverside vegetation during road construction there is no construction near riverside except where absolutely necessary. Revegetate riverbanks riverside in our project where clearing is unavoidable. (xvii) Construction of detour Loss of vegetation from detour construction ƒ In flat areas, leave enough of a roadside edge for vehicle to there is no construction of detour pass on the other half of the roadway. to loss of vegetation in our project ƒ Remove the base soil of any necessary detours and revegetate after road construction. ƒ Avoid use of detour where at all possible. ƒ Where realignments are being built, use the existing roadway for traffic to pass. ƒ Where detour are unavoidable, as in areas where bridges are being built, limit the length and impact of each detour to the degree possible. ƒ Limit the width of any necessary detours to a minimum. (xviii) Construction near Loss of vegetation and habitat through road ƒ Do not allow side roads in forested area. Up to now there is no loss of forests widening, realignment of right-of-way, quarries ƒ There must be no new quarries within the BCPL nor in any of vegetation and habitat though civil and borrow pits– in contravention of Royal the provincial or district prohibited areas. works in contravention of Royal Decree on the Creation and Designation of ƒ Do not cut any trees outside of the construction zone. Decree at protection Protected Areas (1993) ƒ In case of new quarries operation, the environmental authorities – DoE - must approve the quarries. ƒ Where possible, avoid cutting trees along the edge of the construction zone. ƒ Quarrying activity should be limited to a minimum of necessary sites, with previously used sites preferred.

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(xix) Construction near Impacts on wildlife through interruption of ƒ Strict monitoring in this area should be used to prevent Up to now there is no impact on Areas Protected by migratory routes and other habitat opportunistic "salvage" logging or illegal timber harvest. If wildlife and opportunistic “salvage“ Royal Decree disturbances– in contravention of Royal observed, notify relevant authorities or police. logging or illegal times harvest Decree on the Creation and Designation of ƒ No side roads should be built in the BCPL, as may encourage and no side roads at BCPL Protected Areas (1993) poaching of wildlife. If observed, notify BCPL rangers or police.

(xx) Construction near Encroachment on water supply systems from ƒ Contractors should pay a fee to villagers for damage to water Up to now there is no damage to village water supplies road construction activities system, perhaps based on number of days without water until water system from road the system is fixed. Fees might be specifically targeted toward construction activities women's groups, since they are usually the ones who will have the main burden of carrying water when the system is down. (xxi) Construction near Encroachment on previously unidentified ƒ Alert local authority upon discovery of any objects of possible in the case of discovery of any cultural sites cultural heritage sites– in contravention of Law archaeological significance that may be uncovered during archaeological significance during on Protection of Cultural and National Heritage construction. construction on By-pass, (1996) ƒ Construction activity affecting the area of the find should stop construction activity should stop until qualified site assessment has been made and until qualified sit assessment has contractors have been given permission to proceed. been made by MoC archaeologist ƒ Bring in a qualified archaeologist as needed. (xxii) Construction Causing Dust / Air pollution– in contravention of Draft ƒ Use water bowsers to water the road when dust occurs, Up to now there is no Dust/Air Air Pollution Sub-Decree on Air Pollution Prevention particularly in the dry season. pollution, because the contractor ƒ Maintain all construction vehicles to minimize vehicle should be properly maintained emission. existing road (xxiii) Construction Causing Noise and Vibration– in contravention of Draft ƒ All road construction vehicles must have working mufflers and Up to now there is no causing Noise Sub-Decree on Noise Prevention be properly maintained. Noise and Vibration to disrupt ƒ Time blasting activities so as not to disrupt local people. local people by vehicles, blasting ƒ Avoid working at night near settled areas and vibration ƒ Inform people of possible damage from vibration before using Vibration Rollers near to settled area. ƒ Avoid, as much as possible, using Vibration Rollers for soil compaction in settled areas (xxiv) Excavation of Borrow Creation of stagnant water bodies in borrow ƒ Incorporate adequate drainage and fill in borrow pits and Up to now there is no creation of pits pits, quarries quarries. stagnant water in borrow pit and ƒ Maintain borrow pits and quarries by landscaping and quarries revegetating after operation. (xxv) Construction of by-pass Accidental risks by traffic disruption during ƒ Employ "flag men" to regulate the traffic flow. When new by-pass alignment are construction ƒ Where new alignments are being built, allow traffic to continue being built on old alignments. ƒ Where possible, as in flat areas, provide enough edge space for one-way traffic flow.

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(xxvi) Visual impact of Visual Impact of road cut, spoil disposal, ƒ Where feasible, quarries should be sited away from the road. Up to now there is no visual construction borrow pits, and quarries. ƒ In sites where quarries must be close to the road, trees and impact of special disposal, borrow other vegetation should be left between the quarry/crushing pit and quarries plant sites and the road. (xxvii) Removal of unused Construction waste– in contravention of Draft ƒ Dispose only on sites approved by DoE. No disposal in the Up to now there is no construction structures and pavement Sub-Decree on Waste Management area of the BCPL. by construction waste disposal ƒ No disposal into gullies or watercourses. into BCPL, Water cause and ƒ No disposal in or adjacent to cultivated and settled area. cultivated area (xxviii) Setting up and Water pollution by oil, grease, and fuel around ƒ Locate storage areas for diesel and bitumen at least 500 Up to now there is no water operating an asphalt plants, gas stations and parking areas– in meters from watercourses. pollution by oil, grease, fuel bitumen operation area. contravention of Draft Sub-Decree on ƒ Employ safe practices in filling bitumen distributor tanks and Hazardous Substances in healing bitumen. Do not allow smoking or fire of any kind in the vicinity of bitumen and kerosene blending tanks. Provide a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher at the bitumen tank site for fire-fighting. ƒ Collect and recycle all lubricants and take precautions to prevent accidental spills. ƒ Prohibit road asphalting activities during rainfall. ƒ Develop and implement plans for safe storage of all toxic and potentially toxic materials into construction planning and design.

(xxix) Construction activities Destruction of agricultural land through spoil ƒ Do not dispose cut spoil and construction waste at agricultural It is observed that there is no near prime agricultural lands and construction waste disposal– in land. contravention though spoil and contravention of Draft Sub-Decree on Waste construction waste disposal Management (xxx) Construction Camps Solid waste– in contravention of Draft Sub- ƒ Provide garbage bins & sanitary facilities for workers. Waste It is observed there is no Operation Decree on Waste Management in the bins should be cleared periodically. contravention at construction ƒ Special attention should be paid to the sanitary condition of camps operation by solid waste camps.

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(xxxi) Residual Effects from Depletion of natural resources through ƒ Do not harvest wood resources within the BCPL Up to now there is no Construction Camps demand for building materials, fuel and food ƒ Do not allow construction camps to become permanent contravention though demand for for workers– in contravention of Law on settlements. Remove camps prior to project completion. building materials, fuel and food Environmental Protection and Natural ƒ Use non-wood fuels such as Liquid Propane Gas or kerosene for workers by Residual Effects Resource Management (1996) for cooking food and heating bitumen. from construction camps ƒ Where local materials must be used, make agreements with local communities about the areas or the volume that can be harvested without significant impact. ƒ Support community development by paying an adequate prices for any local resources used. ƒ All supplies for building camps should be brought from outside the area. ƒ Upon close of construction, consider transferring camp structures to local people for community or government use.

(xxxii) Health Effect from Creation of a new pathway for disease vectors ƒ All workers will have a medical screening conducted by It is observed there is no creation Construction Camps affecting humans "Cambodian Red Cross", to check for HIV/AIDS, sexually of Health Effect from construction transmitted diseases, etc. camps by disease vectors ƒ Keep camps from becoming blight on the local environment. ƒ Provide enough water supplies for workers, and ensure sufficient sanitation for the camp: the proper drainage systems and the proper location for solid waste disposal. ƒ Make medical treatment available for workers. Provide workers mosquito nets and malaria-prevention medication. If needed, spray around camp area with chemical against mosquitoes. ƒ Plan post-construction clean-up activities to assure no unsanitary or otherwise hazardous debris are left behind at camp sites. (a) Better quality road and Increase in road accidents to ƒ Speed limits enforced. Driver and community awareness; road Up to now there is no increase in higher speeds people and livestock signs road accidents during Civil Works (b) More traffic volume Increased air pollution and noise – in ƒ Control of vehicle air and noise emissions from vehicles. It is observed there is no contravention of Draft Sub-Decree on Noise Paved road will decrease noise and dust. increased Air Pollution and Noise and Air Pollution Prevention from vehicles

(c) Poor control of increased Accidental Risk of Toxic Spills – in ƒ Enforcement of transport regulations and HAZCHEM Up to now there is no Accident traffic volume with more contravention of Draft Sub-Decree on procedures Risk of hazardous chemicals vehicles carrying hazardous Hazardous Substances chemicals.

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(d) First aid kits response to injury, and illness at camp site ƒ First aid kits in only at consultant accommodation ƒ First aid kits were provided at ƒ It is strongly recommended that all labor campsite shall have campsite first aid kits on site identifying nearest medical facilities

(e) Fire fighting facilities ƒ The comical extinguisher is installed at ƒ It is recommended that fight extinguisher should be place in a ƒ The chemical extinguisher is camp site for prevention of fire disaster convenience and reachable place installed at camp site. It is recommended that project manager of contract add more (f) Wearing of protective ƒ Accident risk from mobilizing ƒ Some engineers are well equipped with helmet, reflective ƒ It is hard to wear helmet and clothing and safety gear clothing, cone for warning traffic and flagmen to give sign to safety shoes to local workers and safety shoes for road users. caused by hot weather workers safety ƒ Some of Workers are not using safety shoes during work ƒ It is suggested that safety implementation. It is suggested that safety shoes must use policy should be reinforced in during working hours all construction sites (g) Displaying waning boards ƒ Accidental risks by traffic disruption during ƒ Waning board is displayed when doing surveying works and ƒ Warning board is always used construction. implementation of the civil work activities at the area of civil work activities (h) Safety traffic at danger ƒ Accidental risks by traffic during Civil Works ƒ As part of traffic management measures, the work area is ƒ The work area is cordoned off areas cordoned off with traffic cones and tape/ or color rope with traffic cones and tape ƒ It is recommended that interval of traffic cones is reduced ¾ Note: G = Gabion M = Mattress Geo. = Geo Textile RP = Resettlement Plan DoE = Department of Environment, MoE = Ministry of Environment BCPL = Bantey Chhmar Protected Landscape FA = Forestry Administration, MAFF MAFF = Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries DoCF = Department of Culture and Fine Arts, MoCF = Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts SEU = Social and Environment Unit MPWT = Ministry of Public Works and Transport IRC = Inter-Ministerial Resettlement Committee MoH = Ministry of Health MoWM = Ministry of Water Resource and Meteorology

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II. EXCUTIVE SUMMARY OF CONTRACTOR’s EMP

The Government of Cambodia has applied for a loan from Economic Development Cooperation Fund (EDCF) the Export-Import Bank toward Cambodia Northwest Provincial Road Improvement Project, which will implement rehabilitation of (i) Sta.29 - Samraong, and (ii) rehabilitation of structures (iii) By- Passing Road Construction at Banteay Chhmar Temple.

The purpose of this Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is to give guidance on how to mitigate the environmental concerns identified in connection with this project by CEMP It will form part of the contract between MPWT and the selected contractor and the requirements of the EMP will be contractually binding on the contractor.

In this regard, we would like to outline our Environmental Mitigation plan (EMP) by CEMP in project implementation by discussing the environmental impacts in each section.

1. Construction Camps 2. Borrow Pits/ Quarries 3. Erosion of Slopes 4. Air and Dust Pollution 5. Water Pollution 6. Agriculture 7. Land Contamination 8. Culture Heritage 9. Noise Pollution 10. Drainage and Flooding 11. Construction Camps Closure

- Appendix Check List of EMP Implementation

1. Construction Camps The campsite will be located at approved area for the Engineer’s and Contractor’s quarters including main laboratories ,office , and accommodation, workshop, crusher site ,asphalt plant site, and production .The area shall be graded as required so that all surface drains naturally bind with the natural terrain and are left and are left in a condition that will facilitate natural re-vegetation, provide for proper drainage and prevent erosion .Sanitary wastes and garbage are the major waste products in the main camp.

Fencing and Site Security 1) The Contractor’s office, workshops and storage compounds, campsites and all construction areas where exclusion of unauthorized personnel is necessary for safety and security, shall be adequately fenced, gated and guarded.

2) The Contractor shall employ an adequate force of properly trained security guards at the work site and the construction camp on 24-hour duty including Sundays and holidays .Storage areas shall be fenced , lighted and regularly p’ trolled by security guards. Warehouse buildings and explosive magazines shall be kept locked and keys accounted for at all times.

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Mitigation of Impact Plan A. The place will be graded and left in a manner confirming to the natural appearance of the landscape.

B. Re-vegetation will also be considered after making some adjustments to the drainage of the areas.

C. The solid wastes should be disposed properly by segregate into the following:

1). Recycle things (Non-Biodegradable wastes) such as paper, plastics, cans, bottles clothes and the like have to collected in dustbins and shall be given to domestic recyclers approved by local authorities 2). Organic (Biodegradable wastes) such as food waste, etc. must be buried at sanitary landfill and covered with soils on a daily basis by garbage collector approved by local authorities and consultant Engineers. The Camp Site shall be kept clean and free of refuse at all times .No waste shall be dumped in areas other those approved by the Engineer for waste disposal. No waste of any kind shall be deposited in any water courses. The consultant’s quarts will be handover to the client after completion of the works.

2. Borrow Pits/Quarries x Borrow Pits It is necessary to locate and exploit borrow pits for earthwork and detour constructions during the progress of the works. For this purpose, the contractor shall obtain site possessions for various borrow pits, which will be partially or fully exhausted. In most cases it is also necessary to construct access roads to this borrow pits. Both borrow pits and their access roads have negative impact on the surrounding environment since impacts on they represent the alteration of the existing natural system. Each borrow pit has its own specific impacts on the natural system of the surrounding. In most cases the contractor will try to work out best solutions in collaboration with land owner, the local agricultural and environmental authorities. The activity will be decided after consultation with the mentioned authorities. After work is completed borrow areas (borrow pits and access road) must be reinstated to their original condition by the contractor, unless an agreement has been reached with the owner’s and local villagers’ that the excavated pits may be put to some other use, such as water reservoirs on dry season, duck pond or fish ponds, as to rehabilitation will be made on case by case base. In this case the borrow areas must still be reinstated to such a condition that they do not pose a hazard to local residents. x Quarries It is necessary to locate and exploit quarry sites to obtain parent rocks for aggregate production for concrete chips, sub base course and surfacing aggregates for DBST For this purpose the contractor shall obtain site possessions for quarry sites which will be partially or fully exhausted. If existing market quarries which are under private ownership are used then the owner must have obtained permission from the relevant authorities. (See Quarterly Report December 2012 Appendix E: Opened Mines and Crushing Plant Certification by MOI, M&E)

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In most cases it is also necessary to construct access roads to the quarry sites. Both quarry and their access roads shall have negative impact on the surrounding environment since they represent the alteration of the existing natural system.

3. Erosion of Slopes Borrow pits, quarries, road embankments, culverts and bridge abutments and road diversions will expose bare soils where material can be eroded. These Areas must be re-vegetated as soon as possible after disturbance. Depending on the season this may require watering to ensure establishment of vegetation before the wet season arrives. Re-vegetation work may be carried out by project affected people within the Resettlement Plan as a form of income generation. Re-vegetation specifications have been included in the Detailed Design for Slop Protection. The contractor must take care to avoid unnecessary work within channels and avoid dumping of excavated

Material into flowing channels. If possible, work which could affect water channels must take place during the dry season, before heavy rainfall flows occur.

4. Air and Dust Pollution Noise and dust from unpaved roads is a major nuisance for roadside residents and as traffic flows increase, this gets worse unless road surfaces are paved. The paving of the road will reduce noise and dust levels in the future. During the construction of the works there is a possibility of dust pollution, which results from passing traffic on detours. This can have a negative impact on the adjacent environment such as atmosphere , cultivated fields , corps, residential house etc. sprinkling with or other means by road maintenance team , whenever necessary to reduce the dust nuisance ,and to prevent dust which has originated from his operations from damaging crops ,cultivated fields, and welling, or causing a nuisance to persons.

Mitigation of Impacts Plan

A. The detours will be sprayed with water at reasonable intervals so as to control the dust in the dry season to facilitate smooth of traffic. B. Damaged corps or cultivated fields will be brought back to their original conditions by an appropriate means approved by the Engineer. C. The emission of dust into the atmosphere shall be strictly controlled during the manufacturing, handling and storage of soil, concrete and road aggregates.

5. Water Pollution The Contractor shall take all possible steps to prevent pollution of streams ,rivers, and other water supplies, at or in the vicinity of the Site and shall comply with applicable laws, orders and regulations in force in the country of the Works concerning the control and abatement of water pollution. Under no circumstances shall the sewage from the camps, or other contaminated water, be released directly into river or other natural streams or any open areas. Structural works are found in this section. In this regard there may be a possibility of accidental spillage of solid matter, debris etc. into flowing or dry watercourses. Most pollutants in this works consist of demolished masonry and concrete.

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Mitigation of impacts Plan

A. The Demolished part of any existing structure will be transported by dump trucks to a dumping place where ever is suitable. B. Excavated materials will not be deposited in water sources. Instead they will be transported to other disposal places or reused as embankment material. C. Any structural works or earthwork operation adjacent to or encroaching on streams or watercourses shall be conducted in a manner to prevent muddy water and eroded materials from entering the stream or watercourses by construction of intercepting ditches, bypass channels, barriers, setting ponds any other means recommended by the Engineer.

6. Agriculture The Contractor shall take all possible steps to prevent pollution of road encroachment on paddy / agricultural land, borrow pit located on agricultural land, spoil dump located on agricultural land, diversion of water channels and road construction resulting in inundation of agricultural land, irrigation channels broken / diverted due to project activities, streams, rivers, and other. There is no protected forest within the ambit of NR56 as NR56 only passes through degraded woodland areas. While the Project will improve access to the upper areas of Otdar Meanchey it is not expected to increase any forest loss beyond that taking place at the moment. The department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries are active in controlling illegal logging and do impound vehicles if caught involved in such activities, oil, grease and fuel road run-off contaminating agricultural fields and any other project activities resulted in destruction of agricultural land

7. Land Contamination The major land contaminants in the workshop are fuel, oils, grease etc. Considerable amount of solid soil is also available like different spare part packages, damaged tires and spare parts. The environmental impact of these wastes on the surrounding habitat is significant when compared to other operations of the project. Special care will be taken so that no waste fluid enters in to the surface water by filtration or other mechanism sine this can cause health damages to the community including plants and animals.

Mitigation of Impact Plan A. The majority of the solid waste will have to be removed by disposal to an approved dump area after making the necessary arrangements with the local authorities.

B. Hazardous wastes (oily wastes, used batteries and fuel drums etc) will be segregated from other wastes and its storage, transport and disposal shall not cause contamination/ pollution specially in order to prevent accidental spillages into nearby water streams and farmland. Since these wastes have negative influence on the biodiversity their disposal by collecting into special containers like barrel, or large rectangular pits which is impervious latter will be sent to the agency by national and local regulation.

C. Non-combustible materials can also be removed by burying after arranging the land with the local authorities. The top surface of the burial will be covered with earthen material after completion.

D. Sanitary wastes will be disposed in only disposal sites approved by local authorities.

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8. Culture Heritage There is a general law in Cambodia which covers all national monuments. This is the "Law on Protection of Cultural and National Heritage", (1996). This is supplemented by the "Decision on the Definition of 3 Zones to Protect Temple Surrounding Areas in All Provinces and Municipalities except Angkor Wat", 1996. These laws protect small temples or ancient structures. In addition to the general laws there are some buildings which are considered sufficiently important to warrant a specific protective decree. This includes the "Royal Decree on Banteay Chhmar Temple Park", 2003 which lies alongside NR 56. No structures are to be constructed on the section of NR 56 which passes the temple park. The bypass has been added to the alignment to avoid this temple. A new by-pass road alignment has been selected to avoid any impact on the ancient structures at Bantheay Chhmar Temple. In discussions the Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts (MoCFA) raised no objections to this scheme.

9. Noise Pollution Noise from road traffic is a nuisance for roadside residents. As traffic grows, with more heavy goods vehicles, noise levels will increase. However smoother road surfaces can reduce road / wheel interaction noise. Pile driving, improper silencing of vehicles and equipment used on the road construction site may impact on communities. The Contractor should ensure that machinery is adequately silenced and operations are restricted to normal daylight hours. Blasting noise should also be controlled.

10. Drainage and Flooding In rainy season, we will suffer from a flood. To minimize the flood damage, the raising of the embankment to a flood free height will avoid flooding of the road. It may cause runoff to be held behind the embankment and so additional cross drainage has been included. Borrow pits, quarries, road embankments, culverts and bridge abutments and road diversions will expose bare soils where material can be eroded. Work within channels and dumping of excavated material into flowing channels can cause blockage of drainage channels. Outflow from drainage structures Erosion of Lands below the roadbed receiving concentrated outflow carried by drainage structures– in contravention of Draft Sub-Decree on Water Quality.

Mitigation of Impacts Plan A. Position drainage structures to avoid a cascade effect and to ensure that runoff is conveyed into natural drainage lines at controlled velocities. B. Line receiving areas with stones or concrete to protect soils at outflow areas C. Incorporate sufficient number of drainage outlets such that flow from any individual outlet is not excessive.

11. Construction Camp Closure

The campsite will be located at approved area for the Engineer’s and Contractor’s quarters including main laboratories, office, and accommodation, workshop, crusher site, asphalt plant site, and production .The area shall be graded as required so that all surface drains naturally bind with the natural terrain and are left in a condition that will facilitate natural revegetation, provide for proper drainage and prevent erosion. Sanitary wastes and garbage are the major waste products in the main camp.

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Fencing and Site Security 1) The Contractor’s office, workshops and storage compounds, campsites and all construction areas where exclusion of unauthorized personnel is necessary for safety and security, shall be adequately fenced, gated and guarded.

2) The Contractor shall employ an adequate force of properly trained security guards at the work site and the construction camp on 24-hour duty including Sundays and holidays. Storage areas shall be fenced, lighted and regularly controlled by security guards. Warehouse buildings and explosive magazines shall be kept locked and keys accounted for at all times.

3) All employers engaged in the execution and maintenance of the Works shall wear identification when at the work place.

Mitigation of Impacts Plan A. The place will be graded and left in a manner confirming to the natural appearance of the landscape.

B. Re-vegetation will also be considered after making some adjustments to the drainage of the areas.

C. Sanitary wasted and garbage is disposed in only disposal sites approved by the Local Authorities.

D. Disposal of combustible materials shall be segregated by recycle things and organic. The material to be burned shall be piled in designated areas approved by local authority in such a manner as will cause the least fire hazards. The contractor will take special precautions to prevent fire from spreading beyond the piles being burned.

E. Material to be disposed by dumping shall be hauled to the selected dumping sites approved by local authorities.

F. Material to be disposed by burial shall buried in location, size and depth approved by local authorities.

G. The Site shall be kept clean and free of refuse at all times .No waste shall be dumped in areas other those approved by the Engineer for waste disposal. No waste of any kind shall be deposited in any watercourses.

The consultant’s quarts will be handover to the client after completion of the works.

Demobilization &Final Clean -Up 1) Upon the Completion of Works, or when any plant has completed its functions, the Contractor shall dismantle and demobilize all temporary facilities erected by himself or his subcontractors, and remove all debris, objectionable material, and all other refuse which may have been deposited on site during the contraction period. Such material may be deposited properly segregated by recycle thing and organic only in areas approved by the local authorities and consultant engineer. The contractor shall also remove from the site any plant and equipment which he finds at the commencement of the works in accordance with the instructions of the engineer by the EMP/IEE.

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2) All excavated areas shall be filled, grade and dressed in a clean and orderly condition acceptable to the Engineer by the EMP/IEE. As far as possible, such areas should conform to the natural appearance of the landscape.

Ministry of Public Works and Transport Page 21 Quarterly EMP Monitoring Report Project Management Unit 3 January-March 2013 APPENDIX

A. CHECK LIST OF EMP (JANUARY 2013)

B.CHECK LIST OF EMP (FEBRUARY 2013)

C.CHECK LIST OF EMP (MARCH 2013) APPENDIX A

CHECK LIST OF EMP (JANUARY 2013)

APPENDIX B

CHECK LIST OF EMP (FEBRUARY 2013)

APPENDIX C

CHECK LIST OF EMP (MARCH 2013)