Momordica Balsamina) Seed

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Momordica Balsamina) Seed Asian Journal of Chemical Sciences 6(3): 1-13, 2019; Article no.AJOCS.48244 ISSN: 2456-7795 Evaluation of the Chemical and Oil Composition of Balsam Apple (Momordica balsamina) seed B. I. Yerima1* and A. Umar1 1Department of Chemistry, Gombe State University, P.M.B 127, Tudun Wada, Gombe State, Nigeria. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration between both authors. Author BIY designed the study, wrote the protocol and wrote the first draft of the manuscript while author UA managed the analyses of the study, literature searches and statistical analysis. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/AJOCS/2019/v6i318998 Editor(s): (1) Dr. Md. Zakir Hossen, Professor, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Bangladesh. Reviewers: (1) Claudia Yolanda Reyes, University of the Amazon, Colombia. (2) Dr. Rupali Sengupta, SNDT Women’s University, India. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sdiarticle4.com/review-history/48244 Received 10 February 2019 Original Research Article Accepted 14 April 2019 Published 18 October 2019 ABSTRACT This research is aimed at the proximate chemical analysis of Momordica balsamina seeds with some properties of the oil. The results of the study showed that the seeds has high percentage of crude lipids, (38.77±0.15%) crude carbohydrates, (31.46±0.14%), crude proteins, (20.25±0.10%), moisture content, (5.25±0.25) and crude fibre, (1.67±0.20) as the least, with calorific value of (486.22Kcal) and some selected minerals Na, Mg, Ca, Fe with the concentration, 7.5, 61.5, 42, and 6.2(mg/100 g) respectively. So also, the oil indicated to have acid value of 0.426 and Saponification value of 183.4.Hence Momordica balsamina seeds could be a good source of food supplement. Keywords: Composition; evaluation; Momordica balsamina; minerals. 1. INTRODUCTION irregular existence of the fruits which looks as if they have been bitten; mordeo a Latin word Momordica balsamina with the genus means bit. But Jackson [1] did not agree with Momordica refers to a seed that is sculptured or this explanation. Balsam was derived from the _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]; Yerima and Umar; AJOCS, 6(3): 1-13, 2019; Article no.AJOCS.48244 Latin balsamum and refers the one of the Carbohydrates performs vital role in living curatives uses of the plant. organisms. Sugar notably glucose are essential intermediates in the conversion of food to The English translation of the name balsam energy. Carbohydrate can be classified into apple also known in “Hausa language” as simple sugar and complex sugar. “garahunu”and in “Waja language”in northern part of Nigeria as “kakandi”. They are recognized Simple sugars are crystalline soluble in water by the seeds that are always enveloped in bright and sweet taste. Structurally they can be red pulp. Most of these plants are in tropical subdivided into monosaccharide example Africa. glucose and disaccharide example sucrose. Meeuse [2] reported that, this Momordica Complex sugars are also known as balsamina species is not discussed in any of the polysaccharide. They are non-crystalline, common standard horticultural books on native insoluble and tasteless substance, example South African plants. Though, its natural starch and cellulose. environment and ecology can be used as guiding principle. The Balsam apple can be Glucose is the first products of photosynthesis; grown-up from seed in wide areas of land before the process whereby green plants manufacture the undeveloped plants can be protected against food. In this process carbon (iv) oxide and water drought, severe frost and intense sunlight. As a are combined to form glucose (C6H12O6), the climber, the stems the need to be supported give energy required for reaction comes from the an eye-catching effect to the viewers. sunlight [5]. Sunlight Momordica balsamina plant is widely distributed 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy C6H12O6 + 6O2 throughout the entire areas of the local Chlorophyll government of the state of Gombe in Nigeria. 1.2.2 Protein 1.1 Background of study Every dynamic function of living being depends on proteins, in-short the importance of proteins Seeds of plants play a very important role in cannot be over emphasized in living organism. providing essential vitamins and minerals for Proteins are mainly use as building materials by proper maintenance of human health [3]. living things specially animals. Some protein speeds up a chemical reaction while others play According to Hussain et al. [4] the nutritional in storage, transport, cellular communication, value of seed of plant are rich in vegetable oils, movement and defense against foreign proteins and some mineral in addition provides substance. medicine. And since no available studies was done on proximate analysis of Momordica Life would not be possible without enzymes; balsamina seed, it would be a welcome idea to most of which are proteins as reported by determine the proximate chemical analysis of the Jackson [1]. Momordica balsamina seed, to obtain a data base for more elaborate studies on the seed. 1.2.3 Fats and oils Fats are the main content of the storage fats 1.2 Chemical Composition cells in animals and are often of important food reserves for animals. The main source of fats is A short description of the chemistry of the from animals. Fat-lipids refers to as oil and can chemical component of these studies is given be obtained from plants such as Corn oil, Palm below. oil and butter. Chemically, fats and oil are carboxylic ester derive from single alcohol, 1.2.1 Carbohydrates glycerol, HOCH2CH2OHCH2OH and are known as glycerides as reported by Morrison and Boyd Carbohydrate is one the group of organic [5]. compounds that have the general formula Cx(H2O)y. For example fructose obtained from 1.2.4 Tannins fruits is often written with the formula C6H12O6 which can be presented as Cx (H2O)y where x is Katie and Richard [6] reported that, tannin (also 6 and y is 6 too. called organic, vegetable, natural tannins or 2 Yerima and Umar; AJOCS, 6(3): 1-13, 2019; Article no.AJOCS.48244 sometimes called tannoid that is a biomolecule 1.2.6 Phytate different from modern synthetic tannin) is astringent, normally bitter plant containing Phytic acid with the molecular formula polyphenolic compound that fixes to and C6H18O24P6, inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) precipitates proteins together with many other Inositol-polyphosphate 5-phosphatase or phytate organic compounds together with amino acids when in salt arrangement), is the primary storing and alkaloids. form of phosphorus in several plant tissues, exclusively fiber and seeds. It can be available in The tannins are widely scattered in many cereals and grains. Phytate is not consumable to species of plants, where they play a role in the humans’ beings or non-ruminant animals, hence protection from possible predation, and possibly it is not a source of any inositol or phosphate if serving as pesticides and in plant growth consumed directly. Furthermore, phytic acid regulation as hormone. The astringency from the chelates and thus makes unobservable, certain tannins causes the dry and puckery feeling in the important negligible minerals like zinc and iron, mouth following the consumption of unripe fruit and macro minerals such as calcium and or red wine. Likewise, the annihilation or magnesium; phytic refers unambiguously to the adjustment of tannins by means of time plays a calcium or magnesium salt form of phytic acid, vital portion in the maturing of fruit and the [8]. rancidity of wine. 1.3 Aim and Objectives of the Study Fundamentally, tannins are spread in species throughout the plant kingdom. They are normally 1.3.1 Aim available in both gymnosperms as fit as angiosperms. Most families of dicot comprise tannin-free species (which are confirmed by their The study aim is to determine the proximate ability to precipitate proteins). The most plentiful chemical content of Momordica balsamina seed polyphenols are the condensed tannins, found in and some properties of the oil in the seed almost all families of plants, and containing up to comparing it with some related reported 50% of vegetations that are dehydrated. literature. Tropical woods tannins tend to possess a 1.3.2 Objectives potential purifying nature rather than that of the Gallic type existing in temperate woodlands The study would be carried out through the plants. following objectives; 1.2.5 Oxalates a. Determine the water content of Momordica balsamina seed. Streitwieser et al. [7], reported that oxalate with b. Determine the mineral content of the seed. 2- the molecular formula C2O4 are found in c. Determine oil content of the seed. numerous plants, wherever it is synthesized via d. Determine the crude proteins of the seed. the partial oxidation of carbohydrates. Oxalate- e. Determine the crude fibre of the seed. rich plants comprises of plants like fat hen f. Determine the percentage of oil content ("lamb's quarters"), sorrel, along with several the seed. oxalis species. Additional “edible plants that contain significant concentrations of oxalates in 1.4 Limitation of the Study decreasing order as follows star fruit (carambola), black pepper, parsley, poppy seed, This research was carried out on proximate amaranth, spinach, chard, beets, cocoa, chemical analysis of Momordica balsamina chocolate, mostnuts, most berries, fishtail palms, seeds and some physical properties of its oil. New Zealand spinach (Tetragonia And the samples were collected only in Gombe tetragonioides) and beans. Leaves of the tea state of the Nigeria. plant (Camellia sinensis) contained the greatest measured concentrations of oxalic acid relative 1.5 Significance of the Study to other plants. However, the beverage derived by fermentation in hot water typically holds only The plants Momordica balsamina has been low to moderate amounts of oxalic acid per known with its bitter edible leaves, this study will serving due to the insignificant mass of leaves help to know whether the seed will be nutritive or used for brewing” [7].
Recommended publications
  • In Vitro Shoot Regeneration of Momordica Balsamina, an Important Medicinal and Nutritional Plant
    African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 10(70), pp. 15808-15812, 9 November, 2011 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB DOI: 10.5897/AJB10.2075 ISSN 1684–5315 © 2011 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper High frequency in vitro shoot regeneration of Momordica balsamina, an important medicinal and nutritional plant Gulab Singh Thakur1,4*, Rohit Sharma1, Bhagwan S. Sanodiya1,4, Mukeshwar Pandey3, Rakesh Baghel2, Astha Gupta1, GBKS Prasad4 and P. S. Bisen1,2,4 1Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, R&D Division, Tropilite Foods Pvt. Ltd., Davar Campus, Tansen Road, Gwalior-474002 (M.P.), India. 2Defense Research and Development Establishment (DRDE), Ministry of Defence, Govt. of India, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India. 3Xcelris Genomics Ltd., Old Premchand Nagar Road, Satyagrah Chhavani, Satellite, Ahmedabad 380054, India. 4School of Studies in Biotechnology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior (M.P.), India. Accepted 18 March, 2011 A protocol was developed for in vitro propagation by multiple shoot induction of Momordica balsamina (Cucurbitaceae), a climber with high medicinal and nutritional values. High frequencies of multiple shoot regeneration were achieved from auxillary bud of nodal explants. The bud explants were cultured on MS media supplemented with 1.0 mg/L benzyl amino purine (BAP) which stimulated proliferation of the bud meristems to form bud clusters having 6 to 8 co-efficient. The elongated shoots were sub- cultured for rooting on ½ MS media supplemented with 0.3 mg/L NAA and 0.2% activated charcoal. The plantlets raised in vitro were acclimatized in green house and successfully transplanted to natural condition with 70% survival. Direct organogenesis of explants and regeneration of M.
    [Show full text]
  • ~Nnual Qlowers
    Bulletin 101 of the Agricultural Extension Service, The Ohio state Univel'Sity ~nnual qlowers By VICTOR H. RIES Specialist in Floriculture, The Ohio State University THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY AND THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT <'F AGRICULTURE, COOPERATING AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICE, H. c. RAMSOWER, Director, Columbus FRE~ooperative A~rieultural Extension Work-Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914 Annual Flowers By VICTOR H. RIEB Floriculture Specialist, The Ohio State University A NNUAL garden :flowers are a necessity in the well planned .ti.garden for they offer many advantages not found in the peren­ nial and biennial :flowers. They are easily grown from seed, they produce effects the same season, and as a rule are less demanding in their requirements of growth. Being so easily grown from seed, they give a greater amount of effect for a small expenditure than any other type of :flower. The term "annual :flowers" is an extremely elastic one. We apply it to those plants of which the seed is sown in the spring, and blossoms produced the same season, the plants being killed when cold weather arrives. We also include in this group tender perennials such as the snapdragon and the pansy which, although they often live over, never amount to much the second year. There are many interesting ways in which annual :flowers may be used. This bulletin o:ff ers plans for various sized beds and sug­ gestions for group plantings. ANNUAL FLOWER BEDS There are many cases where a bed or a group of beds may be planted entirely with annual :flowers.
    [Show full text]
  • Varieties of Heirloom Seeds and Roots for the 1812 Garden Hamilton College 2009 Season Sources: (Click on the Name to Access
    Varieties of heirloom seeds and roots for The 1812 Garden Hamilton College 2009 Season Sources: (click on the name to access the website of these organizations) Baker: Baker Creek Heirloom Seeds (Mansfield, Missouri) www.rareseeds.com Bountiful Gardens, (Willits, California) http://www.bountifulgardens.org/Aboutus.asp Constable Hall (Constableville, NY) http://www.constablehall.org/ Farmers Museum (Cooperstown, New York) http://www.farmersmuseum.org/ Miller Nurseries (Canandaigua, NY) http://millernurseries.com/ OSV: Old Sturbridge Village (Massachusetts) http://www.osv.org/ Sand Hill Preservation Center (Calamus, Iowa) http://www.sandhillpreservation.com/ Southern Exposure Seed Exchange (Mineral, Virginia) http://www.southernexposure.com/index.html SSE: Seed Savers Exchange (Decorah, Iowa) http://www.seedsavers.org TJC: Thomas Jefferson Center for Historic Plants (Monticello, Virginia) http://www.monticello.org/chp/ ASPARAGUS Jersey Supreme From Clinton Agway (commercial roots) BEAN Iroquois varieties/Native seed: Tonawanda variant #2 (genepool/landrace) and Onondaga Yellow Eye. All from Bryan Connolly (Mansfield Center, Connecticut CT CO B2 08)(member of Seed Savers Exchange CT CO B2 08) (planted in Three Sisters plot) Scarlet-runner “Painted Lady” (Phaseolus coccineus) (transported From Mexico/South America to Europe and then to Colonial America sometime before 1750; Traditional English bi-color grown since 1596! The name made mention to Queen Elizabeth I, "who was heavily made up with rouge and white chalk." The gorgeous flowers of red and white are among the most beautiful of flowering beans. The large beans are also good as snaps, freshly shelled or as dry beans, which are chocolate and tan mottled in color. Jefferson planted it in 1812; McMahon, the Philadelphia seed seller, wrote that it was grown in America exclusively as an ornamental; vines can be trained to grow over trellises.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Phylogenetic Study of Luffa Tuberosa Roxb. (Cucurbitaceae)
    International Journal of Bioinformatics Research, ISSN: 0975–3087, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2010, pp-42-60 Molecular phylogenetic study of Luffa tuberosa Roxb. (Cucurbitaceae) based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA and its systematic implication Ajmal Ali M.1*, Karuppusamy S.2 and Fahad M. Al-Hemaid1 *1Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia, [email protected] 2Department of Botany, The Madura College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India Abstract- The phylogenetic position of long been debatable species Luffa tuberosa was inferred in the present study using ITS sequence of nuclear ribosomal DNA data. The study sampled a total number of 16 accessions which include five accessions of Luffa (under four species i.e. Luffa acutangula, L. cylindrica, L. aegyptiaca and L. tuberosa), nine accessions of Momordica (under eight species i.e. M. angustisepala, M. balsamina, M. cabraei, M. charantia, M. charantia subsp. macroloba, M. cissoides, M. cochinchinensis, M. dioica and M. foetida) and two accessions of Trichosanthes under two species (i.e. T. lepiniana and T. tricuspidata). The sequence data analysis clearly reveals nesting of Luffa tuberosa within the clade of Momordica, thus, we herein support the inclusion of Luffa tuberosa into the genus Momordica as M. tuberosa (Roxb.) Cogn. Key Words: Luffa tuberosa, Momordica, Cucurbitaceae, ITS, nuclear ribosomal DNA INTRODUCTION tendril-bearing vine grows up to 5 meter. It bears The genus Luffa Miller, belongs to Tribe Luffeae, simple, alternate leaves, 4-12 cm across, with 3-7 Subfamily Cucurbitioideae, Family Cucurbitaceae deeply separated lobes [1]. are distributed mainly in tropical regions of the The taxonomic position of Luffa aroused much world [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Ceratitis Capitata (Wiedemann) (Insecta: Diptera: Tephritidae)1 M
    EENY-214 Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Insecta: Diptera: Tephritidae)1 M. C. Thomas, J. B. Heppner, R. E. Woodruff, H. V. Weems, G. J. Steck, and T. R. Fasulo2 Introduction Because of its wide distribution over the world, its ability to tolerate cooler climates better than most other species of The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiede- tropical fruit flies, and its wide range of hosts, it is ranked mann), is one of the world’s most destructive fruit pests. first among economically important fruit fly species. Its The species originated in sub-Saharan Africa and is not larvae feed and develop on many deciduous, subtropical, known to be established in the continental United States. and tropical fruits and some vegetables. Although it may be When it has been detected in Florida, California, and Texas, a major pest of citrus, often it is a more serious pest of some especially in recent years, each infestation necessitated deciduous fruits, such as peach, pear, and apple. The larvae intensive and massive eradication and detection procedures feed upon the pulp of host fruits, sometimes tunneling so that the pest did not become established. through it and eventually reducing the whole to a juicy, inedible mass. In some of the Mediterranean countries, only the earlier varieties of citrus are grown, because the flies develop so rapidly that late-season fruits are too heav- ily infested to be marketable. Some areas have had almost 100% infestation in stone fruits. Harvesting before complete maturity also is practiced in Mediterranean areas generally infested with this fruit fly.
    [Show full text]
  • Modulatory Effects of Momordica Balsamina on Th1/Th2 Cytokine Profiles in Immune-Challenged Rats
    Vol. 13(15), pp. 343-350, August, 2019 DOI: 10.5897/JMPR2019.6788 Article Number: FB19BFE61675 ISSN 1996-0875 Copyright © 2019 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article Journal of Medicinal Plants Research http://www.academicjournals.org/JMPR Full Length Research Paper Modulatory effects of Momordica balsamina on Th1/Th2 cytokine profiles in immune-challenged rats Iman H. Abdoon1*, Bashier Osman1, Maowia M. Mukhtar2 and Hatim Ali Elsheikh3 1Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan. 2Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan. 3Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Received 20 May, 2019; Accepted 15 July, 2019 There is an ever-growing interest to identify plants that boost the immune system functions. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of Momordica balsamina (MB) leaves extract in BCG-immunized rats. Thirty rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 6). MB extract was suspended in 1% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Firstly, animals were challenged subcutaneously with 0.05 ml BCG. The first group (vehicle control group) received 1% CMC (100 mg/kg body weight; p.o.), and the second group (positive control group) was provided with levamisole (18 mg/kg body weight; p.o.). The remaining groups (test groups) were dosed orally with different doses of MB extracts (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) for 14 consecutive days. Blood samples were collected on day 0, 7 and 14, and then plasma samples were analyzed for Th1 cytokines (TNF-α and IFN- γ) and Th2 cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β), using cytokine specific enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA).
    [Show full text]
  • 82 Antiviral Potential of Aqueous Extracts of Some Parts Of
    Journal of Advanced Pharmacy Education & Research 2 (3) 82-92 (2012) ISSN 2249-3379 Antiviral Potential of Aqueous Extracts of Some Parts of Momordica balsamina Plant against Newcastle Disease Virus Chollom S.C. 1*, Olawuyi A.K. 1, Danjuma L.D. 2, Nanbol L.D. 3, Makinde I.O. 3, Hashimu G.A. 4, Alesa M.U. 5, Esilonu J.T. 6, Ogundeji E.B. 4, Kwatjel J.S. 6 1. Viral Research Department, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria 2. Dermatophilosis Unit, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria 3. Viral Vaccine Production Department, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria 4. Bacterial Vaccine Production Department, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria 5. Central Diagnostic Laboratory, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria 6. Parasitology Laboratory, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Vom, Nigeria *Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT Investigation was made on the fruit pulp and leaf extracts of Momordica balsamina plant to determine their antiviral potential against Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) using chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cell lines. Three experimental sets were assembled: virus and extract were made to react before infection of cell line; virus and cell were made to react before addition of extract and cell and extract made to react before infection with virus. Cytotoxicity test showed that both extracts are safe at concentrations lower than 30mg/ml. Phytochemistry of the two extracts revealed the presence of novel antiviral agents just as elemental studies showed the presence of important elements. Antiviral assay showed inhibition of the virus from 10mg/ml concentration of fruit pulp extract and 20mg/ml concentration of leaf extract upwards.
    [Show full text]
  • Efficient in Vitro Plant Regeneration from Internode Explants of Ibervillea
    HORTSCIENCE 52(7):1000–1005. 2017. doi: 10.21273/HORTSCI11942-17 survival; therefore, an action is required to protect this species (Gomez-Aiza, 2011). Cell and tissue culturing are valid alter- Efficient In Vitro Plant Regeneration natives for in vitro production of secondary metabolites with biological activity because from Internode Explants of Ibervillea they are independent of seasonal factors. A standardized protocol for in vitro micropro- sonorae: An Antidiabetic Medicinal pagation represents a suitable option for the conservation of endangered species or prop- agation of variants with a desired phenotype Plant (Elias et al., 2015). Many of these protocols Ilse-Yazmín Arciniega-Carreon, Carmen Oliver-Salvador1 have been developed for regeneration of and María-Guadalupe Ramírez-Sotelo cucurbitaceous species, like cucumber í (Cucumis sativus) (Kim et al., 2010; Kumar Laboratorio de Biotecnolog a Molecular, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria et al., 2003a), winter squash (Cucurbita de Biotecnología del Instituto Politecnico Nacional (UPIBI-IPN), Av. maxima Duch.) (Lee et al., 2003), ash gourd Acueducto s/n C.P. 07340, Colonia La Laguna Ticoman, Ciudad de Mexico, (Benincasa hispida) (Thomas and Sreejesh, Mexico 2004), summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) (Kathiravan et al., 2006), spiny gourd Carlos Edmundo Salas (Momordica dioica Roxb.) (Devendra et al., Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciencias^ Biologicas, 2009), athalaikai and kakrol (Momordica Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, tuberosa) (Aileni et al., 2009), melon gubat (Melothria maderaspatana Linn.) (Baskaran MG, Brasil et al., 2009), fig-leaf gourd (Cucurbita ficifo- Additional index words. micropropagation, cucurbitaceae, callus culture, internode explant, lia Bouche) (Kim et al., 2010), balsam apple hypoglycemic (Momordica balsamina) (Thakur et al., 2011), telakuch (Coccinea cordifolia) (Roy Abstract.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comprehensive Review on Beneficial Dietary Phytochemicals in Common Traditional Southern African Leafy Vegetables
    Received: 23 December 2017 | Revised: 11 March 2018 | Accepted: 15 March 2018 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.643 REVIEW A comprehensive review on beneficial dietary phytochemicals in common traditional Southern African leafy vegetables Dharini Sivakumar1 | Lingyun Chen2 | Yasmina Sultanbawa3 1Phytochemical Food Network Research Group, Department of Crop Abstract Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Regular intake of sufficient amounts of certain dietary phytochemicals was proven to Pretoria, South Africa reduce the incidence of noncommunicable chronic diseases and certain infectious 2Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, diseases. In addition, dietary phytochemicals were also reported to reduce the inci- Edmonton, AB, Canada dence of metabolic disorders such as obesity in children and adults. However, limited 3Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, information is available, especially on dietary phytochemicals in the commonly avail- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of able traditional leafy vegetables. Primarily, the review summarizes information on the Queensland, Coopers Plains, Qld, Canada major phytochemicals and the impact of geographical location, genotype, agronomy Correspondence practices, postharvest storage, and processing of common traditional leafy vegeta- Dharini Sivakumar, Phytochemical Food bles. The review also briefly discusses the bioavailability and accessibility of major Network Research Group, Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of phytochemicals, common antinutritive compounds of the selected vegetables, and Technology, Pretoria, South Africa. recently developed traditional leafy vegetable- based food products for dietary di- Email: [email protected] versification to improve the balanced diet for the consumers. The potential exists for Funding information better use of traditional leafy vegetables to sustain food security and to improve the National Research Foundation, Grant/Award Number: 98352 health and well- being of humans.
    [Show full text]
  • (Cucurbitaceae) Y Evaluación De Su Capacidad Antioxidante
    CONTRIBUCIÓN AL ESTUDIO FITOQUÍMICO DE PARTES AÉREAS DE LA ESPECIE Momordica charantia Linn (CUCURBITACEAE) Y EVALUACIÓN DE SU CAPACIDAD ANTIOXIDANTE GUINNET PAOLA FUQUENE BUSTOS UNIVERSIDAD DISTRITAL FRANCISCO JOSÉ DE CALDAS FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS Y EDUCACIÓN PROYECTO CURRICULAR: LICENCIATURA EN QUÍMICA Bogotá. D.C 2018 CONTRIBUCIÓN AL ESTUDIO FITOQUÍMICO DE PARTES AÉREAS DE LA ESPECIE Momordica charantia Linn (CUCURBITACEAE) Y EVALUACIÓN DE SU CAPACIDAD ANTIOXIDANTE GUINNET PAOLA FUQUENE BUSTOS Proyecto de grado como requisito para optar al título de pregrado en licenciatura en química. DIRECTORES: WILLIAM FERNANDO CASTRILLON CARDONA Químico, Magíster en ciencias ambientales, Magíster investigación en educación, Especialista en informática para la docencia, Docente Universidad Distrital FJC JAVIER ANDRES MATULEVICH PELAEZ Licenciado en Química, Especialista en Análisis Químico Instrumental, Magister en Ciencias Biológicas – Fitoquímica, Docente Universidad Distrital FJC UNIVERSIDAD DISTRITAL FRANCISCO JOSÉ DE CALDAS FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS Y EDUCACIÓN PROYECTO CURRICULAR DE LICENCIATURA EN QUÍMICA Bogotá. D.C 2018 AGRADECIMIENTOS Agradezco a Dios en primer lugar por haberme acompañado y guiado a lo largo de mi carrera, a mis padres Mauricio y Nidia por su apoyo, fortaleza y amor en cada momento de mi vida, A mis abuelos Beatriz y Antonio, a mis tíos Pilar y Gregori por darme la fuerza y confianza para cumplir mis metas y sueños, siendo cada uno de ellos mi motor de vida. Le agradezco a la universidad Distrital por la formación como profesional, además agradezco al profesor William Castrillón por permitirme estar en el Grupo de investigación de Productos Naturales Vegetales. Le agradezco al profesor Javier Matulevich por él, apoyo, confianza y amistad quien a través de su experiencia y ejemplo a seguir.
    [Show full text]
  • Southern Garden History Plant Lists
    Southern Plant Lists Southern Garden History Society A Joint Project With The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation September 2000 1 INTRODUCTION Plants are the major component of any garden, and it is paramount to understanding the history of gardens and gardening to know the history of plants. For those interested in the garden history of the American south, the provenance of plants in our gardens is a continuing challenge. A number of years ago the Southern Garden History Society set out to create a ‘southern plant list’ featuring the dates of introduction of plants into horticulture in the South. This proved to be a daunting task, as the date of introduction of a plant into gardens along the eastern seaboard of the Middle Atlantic States was different than the date of introduction along the Gulf Coast, or the Southern Highlands. To complicate maters, a plant native to the Mississippi River valley might be brought in to a New Orleans gardens many years before it found its way into a Virginia garden. A more logical project seemed to be to assemble a broad array plant lists, with lists from each geographic region and across the spectrum of time. The project’s purpose is to bring together in one place a base of information, a data base, if you will, that will allow those interested in old gardens to determine the plants available and popular in the different regions at certain times. This manual is the fruition of a joint undertaking between the Southern Garden History Society and the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. In choosing lists to be included, I have been rather ruthless in expecting that the lists be specific to a place and a time.
    [Show full text]
  • Medicinal Plants Used by Traditional Healers for the Treatment of Malaria in the Chipinge District in Zimbabwe
    Journal of Ethnopharmacology 159 (2015) 224–237 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Ethnopharmacology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jep Research Paper Medicinal plants used by traditional healers for the treatment of malaria in the Chipinge district in Zimbabwe Talkmore Ngarivhume a,b, Charlotte I.E.A. van’t Klooster c, Joop T.V.M. de Jong c, Jan H. Van der Westhuizen d,n a Department of Chemistry, Walter Sisulu University, NMD campus, P.O. Bag X1, Mthatha 5117, South Africa b Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa c Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research (AISSR), University of Amsterdam (UvA), P.O. Box 15718, 1001 NE Amsterdam, The Netherlands d Directorate: Research Development, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa article info abstract Article history: Ethnopharmacological relevance: Because about 50% of the Zimbabwean population is at risk of Received 20 August 2014 contracting malaria each year, the majority of people, especially in rural areas, use traditional plant- Received in revised form based medicines to combat malaria. This explorative ethnobotanical survey was undertaken to document 23 October 2014 how malaria is conceptualized and diagnosed by traditional healers, and to record the medicinal plants Accepted 7 November 2014 used in the prevention and treatment of malaria, their mode of preparation and administration. Available online 18 November 2014 Materials and methods: The research was conducted in three villages in Headman Muzite's area and in Keywords: Chiriga village. These villages are located in the Chipinge district in the Manicaland Province in Malaria Zimbabwe.Traditional healers were selected with the assistance of the headman of the Muzite area Medicinal plants and a representative of the Zimbabwe National Traditional Healers Association.
    [Show full text]