(Cucurbitaceae) Y Evaluación De Su Capacidad Antioxidante

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(Cucurbitaceae) Y Evaluación De Su Capacidad Antioxidante CONTRIBUCIÓN AL ESTUDIO FITOQUÍMICO DE PARTES AÉREAS DE LA ESPECIE Momordica charantia Linn (CUCURBITACEAE) Y EVALUACIÓN DE SU CAPACIDAD ANTIOXIDANTE GUINNET PAOLA FUQUENE BUSTOS UNIVERSIDAD DISTRITAL FRANCISCO JOSÉ DE CALDAS FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS Y EDUCACIÓN PROYECTO CURRICULAR: LICENCIATURA EN QUÍMICA Bogotá. D.C 2018 CONTRIBUCIÓN AL ESTUDIO FITOQUÍMICO DE PARTES AÉREAS DE LA ESPECIE Momordica charantia Linn (CUCURBITACEAE) Y EVALUACIÓN DE SU CAPACIDAD ANTIOXIDANTE GUINNET PAOLA FUQUENE BUSTOS Proyecto de grado como requisito para optar al título de pregrado en licenciatura en química. DIRECTORES: WILLIAM FERNANDO CASTRILLON CARDONA Químico, Magíster en ciencias ambientales, Magíster investigación en educación, Especialista en informática para la docencia, Docente Universidad Distrital FJC JAVIER ANDRES MATULEVICH PELAEZ Licenciado en Química, Especialista en Análisis Químico Instrumental, Magister en Ciencias Biológicas – Fitoquímica, Docente Universidad Distrital FJC UNIVERSIDAD DISTRITAL FRANCISCO JOSÉ DE CALDAS FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS Y EDUCACIÓN PROYECTO CURRICULAR DE LICENCIATURA EN QUÍMICA Bogotá. D.C 2018 AGRADECIMIENTOS Agradezco a Dios en primer lugar por haberme acompañado y guiado a lo largo de mi carrera, a mis padres Mauricio y Nidia por su apoyo, fortaleza y amor en cada momento de mi vida, A mis abuelos Beatriz y Antonio, a mis tíos Pilar y Gregori por darme la fuerza y confianza para cumplir mis metas y sueños, siendo cada uno de ellos mi motor de vida. Le agradezco a la universidad Distrital por la formación como profesional, además agradezco al profesor William Castrillón por permitirme estar en el Grupo de investigación de Productos Naturales Vegetales. Le agradezco al profesor Javier Matulevich por él, apoyo, confianza y amistad quien a través de su experiencia y ejemplo a seguir. ha sido parte importante de mi aprendizaje en la carrera y formación en todo el trayecto de mi tesis. Le agradezco a Carlos y a mis amigos por llenar mi vida de alegría y brindarme su apoyo incondicional. A Diego Silva y a todo el grupo de Investigación de productos Naturales por el apoyo, la confianza y amistad formada. A la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana le agradezco por el préstamo de instalaciones y equipos empleados, al igual que al profesor Gonzalo Sequeda por su colaboración en la determinación de la capacidad antioxidante. TABLA DE CONTENIDO 1 RESUMEN ................................................................................................... 1 2 INTRODUCCIÓN ......................................................................................... 3 3 JUSTIFICACIÓN ......................................................................................... 4 4 OBJETIVOS ................................................................................................ 6 4.1 OBJETIVO GENERAL .......................................................................... 6 4.2 OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS ................................................................. 6 PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA ............................................. 7 4.3 FÓRMULACIÓN DEL PROBLEMA ...................................................... 7 5 ESTADO ACTUAL DEL TEMA ................................................................... 8 5.1 FAMILIA CUCURBITACEAE ............................................................... 8 Características generales de la familia Cucurbitaceae ................... 8 Características morfológicas de la familia Cucurbitaceae .............. 8 Distribución de la familia Cucurbitaceae ......................................... 9 Usos etnobotánicos de la familia Cucurbitaceae ............................ 9 Actividades biológicas evaluadas en especies de la Familia Cucurbitaceae ............................................................................................ 10 Momordica grosvenori. .................................................................................. 11 Estudios Químicos de la familia Cucurbitaceae ............................ 12 5.2 Género Momordica ............................................................................ 15 Características morfológicas del género Momordica .................... 15 Distribución del género Momordica .............................................. 16 Usos etnobotánicos del género Momordica .................................. 17 Actividades biológicas en especies del género Momordica .......... 17 Estudios químicos del género Momordica .................................... 19 5.3 Especie Momordica Charantia L. ..................................................... 23 Características morfológicas de la especie Momordica charantia L. …………………………………………………………………………..23 Distribución de la especie Momordica charantia L........................ 24 Usos etnobotánicos de la especie Momordica charantia L. .......... 26 Actividad biológica de la especie Momordica Charantia L. ........... 26 Estudio químico de la especie Momordica Charantia L. ............... 28 5.4 Capacidad antioxidante .................................................................... 30 Determinación de la capacidad antioxidante ................................ 31 Método de 1,1-difenil-2-pricrilhidrazil (DPPH) ............................... 31 Método del ácido 2,2'–azino–bis–[3–etillbenzotiazolin–6–sulfónico] (ABTS•+) ..................................................................................................... 32 6 METODOLOGIA ........................................................................................ 34 6.1 GENERALIDADES ............................................................................. 34 Métodos de separación cromatográficos y elucidación estructural34 Espectroscopia de Resonancia Magnética Nuclear ...................... 35 6.2 Estudio fitoquímico de las partes aéreas de Momordica charantia L ……………………………………………………………………………….35 Recolección e identificación del material vegetal.......................... 35 Marcha fitoquímica preliminar ....................................................... 36 Obtención del extracto etanólico de las partes aéreas Momordica charantia (E. EtOH.Mc.PA) ........................................................................ 37 Evaluación de la Capacidad antioxidante por los métodos de DPPH y ABTS… ................................................................................................... 41 7 RESULTADOS Y ANÁLISIS ..................................................................... 45 7.1 Marcha fitoquímica preliminar (MFP) .............................................. 45 7.2 Metabolitos secundarios aislados ................................................... 47 Composición de la mezcla McPA1 ............................................... 47 Composición de la mezcla McPA2 ............................................... 54 Composición de la mezcla McPA3 ............................................... 58 Composición de la mezcla McPA4 ............................................... 64 Elucidación estructural del compuesto McPA5 ............................. 68 Elucidación estructural del compuesto McPA6 ............................. 73 7.3 Evaluación de la capacidad antioxidante ........................................ 78 Curva de calibración para el ensayo DPPH .................................. 78 Cuantificación de la capacidad captadora de radicales libres por DPPH …………………………………………………………………………..80 Estadística para el extracto, y las fracciones para determinar la capacidad antioxidante .............................................................................. 81 Curva de calibración para el ensayo ABTS .................................. 83 Cuantificación de la capacidad captadora de radicales libres ABT …………………………………………………………………………………….85 Estadística para el extracto, y las fracciones ................................ 86 Comparación entre el método de DPPH Y ABTS ......................... 88 8 CONCLUSIONES ...................................................................................... 92 9 RECOMENDACIONES .............................................................................. 94 10 BIBLIOGRAFÍA ...................................................................................... 95 INDICE DE FIGURAS Figura 5-1 Características morfológicas de la familia Cucurbitaceae . .............. 8 Figura 5-2 Distribución de la familia Cucurbitaceae .......................................... 9 Figura 5-3 Estructuras identificadas en mono y sesquiterpenoides comunes en la familia Cucurbitaceae ................................................................................... 13 Figura 5-4 Ejemplos de triterpenoides de tipos oleanano y lupano comunes en la familia Cucurbitaceae ................................................................................... 14 Figura 5-5 Ejemplos de cucurbitacinas, triterpenóides típicos de la familia Cucurbitaceae .................................................................................................. 15 Figura 5-6 Morfología del género Momordica ................................................. 16 Figura 5-7 Distribución de especie Momordica . .............................................. 17 Figura 5-8 Ejemplos de fitoesteroles comunes encontrados en el género Momordica........................................................................................................ 20 Figura 5-9 Ejemplos de triterpenóides encontrados en el género Momordica). ......................................................................................................................... 21 Figura
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