Micromechanical Properties of Consecutive Layers in Specialized
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Concept of an Active Amplification Mechanism in the Infrared
HYPOTHESIS AND THEORY published: 21 December 2015 doi: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00391 Concept of an Active Amplification Mechanism in the Infrared Organ of Pyrophilous Melanophila Beetles Erik S. Schneider 1 †, Anke Schmitz 2 † and Helmut Schmitz 2*† 1 Institute of Zoology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria, 2 Institute of Zoology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany Jewel beetles of the genus Melanophila possess a pair of metathoracic infrared (IR) organs. These organs are used for forest fire detection because Melanophila larvae can only develop in fire killed trees. Several reports in the literature and a modeling of a historic oil tank fire suggest that beetles may be able to detect large fires by means of their IR organs from distances of more than 100 km. In contrast, the highest sensitivity of the IR organs, so far determined by behavioral and physiological experiments, allows a detection of large fires from distances up to 12 km only. Sensitivity thresholds, however, have always been determined in non-flying beetles. Therefore, the complete micromechanical environment of the IR organs in flying beetles has not been taken into Edited by: Sylvia Anton, consideration. Because the so-called photomechanic sensilla housed in the IR organs Institut National de la Recherche respond bimodally to mechanical as well as to IR stimuli, it is proposed that flying Agronomique, France beetles make use of muscular energy coupled out of the flight motor to considerably Reviewed by: Maria Hellwig, increase the sensitivity of their IR sensilla during intermittent search flight sequences. University of Vienna, Austria In a search flight the beetle performs signal scanning with wing beat frequency while Daniel Robert, the inputs of the IR organs on both body sides are compared. -
Ecology and Field Biology of the Sorghum Chafer, Pachnoda Interrupta (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Ethiopia
Vol. 5(5), pp. 64-69, August 2013 DOI: 10.5897/JEN2012.0059 ISSN 2006-9855 ©2013 Academic Journals Journal of Entomology and Nematology http://www.academicjournals.org/JEN Full Length Research Paper Ecology and field biology of the sorghum chafer, Pachnoda interrupta (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Ethiopia Asmare Dejen1* and Yeshitila Merene2 1Wollo University, College of Agriculture, P.O.Box 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia. 2Amhara Regional Agricultural Research Institute, P.O.Box 08 Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. Accepted 4 June 2013 Studies on sorghum chafer (Pachnoda interrupta) were conducted under field conditions for two consecutive years (2005 to 2006) to determine the biology and ecology of the beetle. On average, oviposition rate by a single female was 1.28 eggs per day over a period of 11 days. In general, eggs hatched within 4 to 22 days with a mean of 15.7 days, after which larval and pupal stages lasted a mean of 59.8 and 18.3 days, respectively. The highest rate of oviposition was recorded during the first four days after mating and none after the eleventh day. A total of 156 and 236 sites or samples were investigated from nine habitats (under trees in a forest, under trees in a crop field, in crop fields, border of crop field, grazing land, riverside, manure heaps, termite mound and cattle dung in homesteads) to identify breeding and hibernating areas of the beetles. Fertile humus and moist light soil under the shade of various tree species in the forest and along the riverside were found to be the potential breeding and hibernating areas of the beetles. -
Nail Anatomy and Physiology for the Clinician 1
Nail Anatomy and Physiology for the Clinician 1 The nails have several important uses, which are as they are produced and remain stored during easily appreciable when the nails are absent or growth. they lose their function. The most evident use of It is therefore important to know how the fi ngernails is to be an ornament of the hand, but healthy nail appears and how it is formed, in we must not underestimate other important func- order to detect signs of pathology and understand tions, such as the protective value of the nail plate their pathogenesis. against trauma to the underlying distal phalanx, its counterpressure effect to the pulp important for walking and for tactile sensation, the scratch- 1.1 Nail Anatomy ing function, and the importance of fi ngernails and Physiology for manipulation of small objects. The nails can also provide information about What we call “nail” is the nail plate, the fi nal part the person’s work, habits, and health status, as of the activity of 4 epithelia that proliferate and several well-known nail features are a clue to sys- differentiate in a specifi c manner, in order to form temic diseases. Abnormal nails due to biting or and protect a healthy nail plate [1 ]. The “nail onychotillomania give clues to the person’s emo- unit” (Fig. 1.1 ) is composed by: tional/psychiatric status. Nail samples are uti- • Nail matrix: responsible for nail plate production lized for forensic and toxicology analysis, as • Nail folds: responsible for protection of the several substances are deposited in the nail plate nail matrix Proximal nail fold Nail plate Fig. -
ABSTRACT MITCHELL III, ROBERT DRAKE. Global Human Health
ABSTRACT MITCHELL III, ROBERT DRAKE. Global Human Health Risks for Arthropod Repellents or Insecticides and Alternative Control Strategies. (Under the direction of Dr. R. Michael Roe). Protein-coding genes and environmental chemicals. New paradigms for human health risk assessment of environmental chemicals emphasize the use of molecular methods and human-derived cell lines. In this study, we examined the effects of the insect repellent DEET (N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide) and the phenylpyrazole insecticide fipronil (fluocyanobenpyrazole) on transcript levels in primary human hepatocytes. These chemicals were tested individually and as a mixture. RNA-Seq showed that 100 µM DEET significantly increased transcript levels for 108 genes and lowered transcript levels for 64 genes and fipronil at 10 µM increased the levels of 2,246 transcripts and decreased the levels for 1,428 transcripts. Fipronil was 21-times more effective than DEET in eliciting changes, even though the treatment concentration was 10-fold lower for fipronil versus DEET. The mixture of DEET and fipronil produced a more than additive effect (levels increased for 3,017 transcripts and decreased for 2,087 transcripts). The transcripts affected in our treatments influenced various biological pathways and processes important to normal cellular functions. Long non-protein coding RNAs and environmental chemicals. While the synthesis and use of new chemical compounds is at an all-time high, the study of their potential impact on human health is quickly falling behind. We chose to examine the effects of two common environmental chemicals, the insect repellent DEET and the insecticide fipronil, on transcript levels of long non-protein coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in primary human hepatocytes. -
Conservation and Management of Eastern Big-Eared Bats a Symposium
Conservation and Management of Eastern Big-eared Bats A Symposium y Edited b Susan C. Loeb, Michael J. Lacki, and Darren A. Miller U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Southern Research Station General Technical Report SRS-145 DISCLAIMER The use of trade or firm names in this publication is for reader information and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture of any product or service. Papers published in these proceedings were submitted by authors in electronic media. Some editing was done to ensure a consistent format. Authors are responsible for content and accuracy of their individual papers and the quality of illustrative materials. Cover photos: Large photo: Craig W. Stihler; small left photo: Joseph S. Johnson; small middle photo: Craig W. Stihler; small right photo: Matthew J. Clement. December 2011 Southern Research Station 200 W.T. Weaver Blvd. Asheville, NC 28804 Conservation and Management of Eastern Big-eared Bats: A Symposium Athens, Georgia March 9–10, 2010 Edited by: Susan C. Loeb U.S Department of Agriculture Forest Service Southern Research Station Michael J. Lacki University of Kentucky Darren A. Miller Weyerhaeuser NR Company Sponsored by: Forest Service Bat Conservation International National Council for Air and Stream Improvement (NCASI) Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources Offield Family Foundation ContEntS Preface . v Conservation and Management of Eastern Big-Eared Bats: An Introduction . 1 Susan C. Loeb, Michael J. Lacki, and Darren A. Miller Distribution and Status of Eastern Big-eared Bats (Corynorhinus Spp .) . 13 Mylea L. Bayless, Mary Kay Clark, Richard C. Stark, Barbara S. -
Patterns of Woodboring Beetle Activity Following Fires and Bark Beetle Outbreaks in Montane Forests of California, USA Chris Ray1* , Daniel R
Ray et al. Fire Ecology (2019) 15:21 Fire Ecology https://doi.org/10.1186/s42408-019-0040-1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH Open Access Patterns of woodboring beetle activity following fires and bark beetle outbreaks in montane forests of California, USA Chris Ray1* , Daniel R. Cluck2, Robert L. Wilkerson1, Rodney B. Siegel1, Angela M. White3, Gina L. Tarbill3, Sarah C. Sawyer4 and Christine A. Howell5 Abstract Background: Increasingly frequent and severe drought in the western United States has contributed to more frequent and severe wildfires, longer fire seasons, and more frequent bark beetle outbreaks that kill large numbers of trees. Climate change is expected to perpetuate these trends, especially in montane ecosystems, calling for improved strategies for managing Western forests and conserving the wildlife that they support. Woodboring beetles (e.g., Buprestidae and Cerambycidae) colonize dead and weakened trees and speed succession of habitats altered by fire or bark beetles, while serving as prey for some early-seral habitat specialists, including several woodpecker species. To understand how these ecologically important beetles respond to different sources of tree mortality, we sampled woodborers in 16 sites affected by wildfire or bark beetle outbreak in the previous one to eight years. Study sites were located in the Sierra Nevada, Modoc Plateau, Warner Mountains, and southern Cascades of California, USA. We used generalized linear mixed models to evaluate hypotheses concerning the response of woodboring beetles to disturbance type, severity, and timing; forest stand composition and structure; and tree characteristics. Results: Woodborer activity was often similar in burned and bark beetle outbreak sites, tempered by localized responses to bark beetle activity, burn severity, tree characteristics, and apparent response to ignition date. -
The Aim of This Study Was to Classify Strain Y, a Novel Strain
Promicromonospora kermanensis sp. nov., an actinobacterium isolated from soil. Item Type Article Authors Mohammadipanah, Fatemeh; Montero-Calasanz, Maria Del Carmen; Schumann, Peter; Spröer, Cathrin; Rohde, M; Klenk, Hans-Peter Citation Promicromonospora kermanensis sp. nov., an actinobacterium isolated from soil. 2017, 67 (2):262-267 Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.001613 Journal International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology Download date 26/09/2021 20:48:37 Item License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10033/621210 1 Promicromonospora kermanensis sp. nov., a new actinobacterium 2 isolated from soil 3 1* 2,3* 2 4 Fatemeh Mohammadipanah , Maria del Carmen Montero-Calasanz , Peter Schumann , Cathrin 5 Spröer2,Manfred Rohde4 and Hans-Peter Klenk2,3 6 1 Microbial Biotechnology Department, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living 7 Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, 14155-6455, 8 Tehran, Iran 9 2Leibniz-Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstrasse 7b, 10 38124 Braunschweig, Germany 11 3School of Biology, Newcastle University, Ridley Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United 12 Kingdom 13 4 Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Central Facility for Microscopy, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 14 Braunschweig, Germany 15 16 Running title: Promicromonospora kermanensis sp. nov. 17 Subject Category: New Taxa-Actinobacteria 18 19 *Corresponding authors: 20 Fatemeh Mohammadipanah, Tel.: +98-21-61113556; Fax: +98-21-66415081, e-mail: 21 [email protected], María del Carmen Montero-Calasanz, Tel.: +44 (0)191 20 84 22 700, e-mail: maria.montero-calasanz@ ncl.ac.uk 23 24 The INSDC accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain HM 533T = DSM 25 45485T = UTMC 00533T = CECT 8709T is KJ780745. -
Report-VIC-Croajingolong National Park-Appendix A
Croajingolong National Park, Victoria, 2016 Appendix A: Fauna species lists Family Species Common name Mammals Acrobatidae Acrobates pygmaeus Feathertail Glider Balaenopteriae Megaptera novaeangliae # ~ Humpback Whale Burramyidae Cercartetus nanus ~ Eastern Pygmy Possum Canidae Vulpes vulpes ^ Fox Cervidae Cervus unicolor ^ Sambar Deer Dasyuridae Antechinus agilis Agile Antechinus Dasyuridae Antechinus mimetes Dusky Antechinus Dasyuridae Sminthopsis leucopus White-footed Dunnart Felidae Felis catus ^ Cat Leporidae Oryctolagus cuniculus ^ Rabbit Macropodidae Macropus giganteus Eastern Grey Kangaroo Macropodidae Macropus rufogriseus Red Necked Wallaby Macropodidae Wallabia bicolor Swamp Wallaby Miniopteridae Miniopterus schreibersii oceanensis ~ Eastern Bent-wing Bat Muridae Hydromys chrysogaster Water Rat Muridae Mus musculus ^ House Mouse Muridae Rattus fuscipes Bush Rat Muridae Rattus lutreolus Swamp Rat Otariidae Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus ~ Australian Fur-seal Otariidae Arctocephalus forsteri ~ New Zealand Fur Seal Peramelidae Isoodon obesulus Southern Brown Bandicoot Peramelidae Perameles nasuta Long-nosed Bandicoot Petauridae Petaurus australis Yellow Bellied Glider Petauridae Petaurus breviceps Sugar Glider Phalangeridae Trichosurus cunninghami Mountain Brushtail Possum Phalangeridae Trichosurus vulpecula Common Brushtail Possum Phascolarctidae Phascolarctos cinereus Koala Potoroidae Potorous sp. # ~ Long-nosed or Long-footed Potoroo Pseudocheiridae Petauroides volans Greater Glider Pseudocheiridae Pseudocheirus peregrinus -
Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Tortricinae) and Evolutionary Correlates of Novel Secondary Sexual Structures
Zootaxa 3729 (1): 001–062 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Monograph ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3729.1.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:CA0C1355-FF3E-4C67-8F48-544B2166AF2A ZOOTAXA 3729 Phylogeny of the tribe Archipini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Tortricinae) and evolutionary correlates of novel secondary sexual structures JASON J. DOMBROSKIE1,2,3 & FELIX A. H. SPERLING2 1Cornell University, Comstock Hall, Department of Entomology, Ithaca, NY, USA, 14853-2601. E-mail: [email protected] 2Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, T6G 2E9 3Corresponding author Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand Accepted by J. Brown: 2 Sept. 2013; published: 25 Oct. 2013 Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 JASON J. DOMBROSKIE & FELIX A. H. SPERLING Phylogeny of the tribe Archipini (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Tortricinae) and evolutionary correlates of novel secondary sexual structures (Zootaxa 3729) 62 pp.; 30 cm. 25 Oct. 2013 ISBN 978-1-77557-288-6 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-77557-289-3 (Online edition) FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2013 BY Magnolia Press P.O. Box 41-383 Auckland 1346 New Zealand e-mail: [email protected] http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ © 2013 Magnolia Press 2 · Zootaxa 3729 (1) © 2013 Magnolia Press DOMBROSKIE & SPERLING Table of contents Abstract . 3 Material and methods . 6 Results . 18 Discussion . 23 Conclusions . 33 Acknowledgements . 33 Literature cited . 34 APPENDIX 1. 38 APPENDIX 2. 44 Additional References for Appendices 1 & 2 . 49 APPENDIX 3. 51 APPENDIX 4. 52 APPENDIX 5. -
Table of Contents I
Comparison of the gut microbiome of a generalist insect, Spodoptera littoralis and a specialist, leaf and root feeder one, Melolontha hippocastani Dissertation To Fulfill the Requirements for the Degree of „doctor rerum naturalium“ (Dr. rer. nat.) Submitted to the Council of the Faculty Of Biology and Pharmacy of the Friedrich Schiller University By Master of Science of Horticulture Erika Arias Cordero Born on 01.11.1977 in San José, Costa Rica Gutachter: 1. ___________________________ 2. ___________________________ 3. ___________________________ Tag der öffentlichen verteidigung:……………………………………. Table of Contents i Table of Contents 1. General Introduction 1 1.1 Insect-bacteria associations ......................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 Intracellular endosymbiotic associations ........................................................... 2 1.1.2 Exoskeleton-ectosymbiotic associations ........................................................... 4 1.1.3 Gut lining ectosymbiotic symbiosis ................................................................... 4 1.2 Description of the insect species ................................................................................ 12 1.2.1 Biology of Spodoptera littoralis ............................................................................ 12 1.2.2 Biology of Melolontha hippocastani, the forest cockchafer ................................... 14 1.3 Goals of this study .................................................................................................... -
Naujan Lake National Park Site Assessment Profile
NAUJAN LAKE NATIONAL PARK SITE ASSESSMENT AND PROFILE UPDATING Ireneo L. Lit, Jr., Sheryl A. Yap, Phillip A. Alviola, Bonifacio V. Labatos, Marian P. de Leon, Edwino S. Fernando, Nathaniel C. Bantayan, Elsa P. Santos and Ivy Amor F. Lambio This publication has been made possible with funding support from Malampaya Joint Ventures Partners, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Provincial Government of Oriental Mindoro and Provincial Government of Occidental Mindoro. i Copyright: © Mindoro Biodiversity Conservation Foundation Inc. All rights reserved: Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes, in any form or by any means, is prohibited without the express written permission from the publisher. Recommended Citation: Lit Jr, I.L. Yap, S.A. Alviola, P.A. Labatos, B.V. de Leon, M.P. Fernando, S.P. Bantayan, N.C. Santos, E.P. Lambio, I.A.F. (2011). Naujan Lake National Park Site Assessment and Profile Updating. Muntinlupa City. Mindoro Biodiversity Conservation Foundation Inc. ISBN 978-621-8010-04-8 Published by: Mindoro Biodiversity Conservation Foundation Inc. Manila Office 22F Asian Star Building, ASEAN Drive Filinvest Corporate City, Alabang, Muntilupa City, 1780 Philippines Telephone: +63 2 8502188 Fax: +63 2 8099447 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.mbcfi.org.ph Provincial Office Gozar Street, Barangay Camilmil, Calapan City, Oriental Mindoro, 5200 Philippines Telephone/Fax: +63 43 2882326 ii NAUJAN LAKE NATIONAL PARK SITE ASSESSMENT AND PROFILE UPDATING TEAM Project Leader Ireneo L. Lit, Jr., Ph.D. Floral survey team Study Leader Edwino S. Fernando, Ph.D. Ivy Amor F. Lambio, M.Sc. Field Technician(s) Dennis E. -
Methane Production in Terrestrial Arthropods (Methanogens/Symbiouis/Anaerobic Protsts/Evolution/Atmospheric Methane) JOHANNES H
Proc. Nati. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 91, pp. 5441-5445, June 1994 Microbiology Methane production in terrestrial arthropods (methanogens/symbiouis/anaerobic protsts/evolution/atmospheric methane) JOHANNES H. P. HACKSTEIN AND CLAUDIUS K. STUMM Department of Microbiology and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Science, Catholic University of Nijmegen, Toernooiveld, NL-6525 ED Nimegen, The Netherlands Communicated by Lynn Margulis, February 1, 1994 (receivedfor review June 22, 1993) ABSTRACT We have screened more than 110 represen- stoppers. For 2-12 hr the arthropods (0.5-50 g fresh weight, tatives of the different taxa of terrsrial arthropods for depending on size and availability of specimens) were incu- methane production in order to obtain additional information bated at room temperature (210C). The detection limit for about the origins of biogenic methane. Methanogenic bacteria methane was in the nmol range, guaranteeing that any occur in the hindguts of nearly all tropical representatives significant methane emission could be detected by gas chro- of millipedes (Diplopoda), cockroaches (Blattaria), termites matography ofgas samples taken at the end ofthe incubation (Isoptera), and scarab beetles (Scarabaeidae), while such meth- period. Under these conditions, all methane-emitting species anogens are absent from 66 other arthropod species investi- produced >100 nmol of methane during the incubation pe- gated. Three types of symbiosis were found: in the first type, riod. All nonproducers failed to produce methane concen- the arthropod's hindgut is colonized by free methanogenic trations higher than the background level (maximum, 10-20 bacteria; in the second type, methanogens are closely associated nmol), even if the incubation time was prolonged and higher with chitinous structures formed by the host's hindgut; the numbers of arthropods were incubated.