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Lleri Buprestidae (Coleoptera) Familyas› Türleri Üzerinde Faunistik Ve Taksonomik Çal›flmalar I

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Lleri Buprestidae (Coleoptera) Familyas› Türleri Üzerinde Faunistik Ve Taksonomik Çal›flmalar I Turk J Zool 24 (2000) Ek Say›, 51-78 © TÜB‹TAK Erzurum, Erzincan, Artvin ve Kars ‹lleri Buprestidae (Coleoptera) Familyas› Türleri Üzerinde Faunistik ve Taksonomik Çal›flmalar I. Acmaeoderinae, Polycestinae ve Buprestinae* Göksel TOZLU, Hikmet ÖZBEK Atatürk Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Bitki Koruma Bölümü, Erzurum-TÜRK‹YE Gelifl Tarihi: 16.03.1999 Özet: Artvin (Merkez, Ardanuç, Borçka, Hopa, fiavflat ve Yusufeli), Erzincan (Merkez, Tercan ve Üzümlü), Erzurum (Merkez, Aflkale, Çat, Horasan, Il›ca, ‹spir, Narman, Oltu, Olur, Pasinler, Pazaryolu, fienkaya, Tortum ve Uzundere) ve Kars (Digor ve Sar›kam›fl) ‹lleri Buprestidae (Coleoptera) familyas› türleri üzerinde 1993-1997 y›llar›nda yap›lan bu araflt›rmada, Acmaeoderinae altfamilyas›ndan 12, Polycestinae altfamilyas›ndan 1 ve Buprestinae altfamilyas›ndan 33 olmak üzere toplam 46 tür ve alttür saptanm›flt›r. Bunlardan, Acmaeodera (s.str.) transcaucasica Semenov, Dicerca (s.str.) chlorostigma Mannerheim, Anthaxia (Haplanthaxia) truncata Abeille de Perrin türleri ile Acmaeoderella (Carininota) flavofasciata ablifrons (Abeille de Perrin) alttürü Türkiye faunas› için yeni kay›tt›r. Acmaeoderella (Euacmaeoderella) villosula (Steven), Anthaxia (Haplanthaxia) cichorii (Olivier), A. (s.str.) muliebris Obenberger ve A. (s.str.) nigricollis Abeille de Perin türleri ile Melanophila picta decastigma (Fabricius) alttürü yörede yayg›n olan türlerdir. Di¤er taraftan, Anthaxia cichorii ve M. picta decastigma ile Acmaeoderella (Carininota) flavofasciata (Piller & Mitterpacher), A. (C.) flavofasciata albifrons, A. (C.) mimonti (Boieldieu), Anthaxia (H.) millefolii (Fabricius), A. (Melanthaxia) nigrojubata nigrojubata Roubal ve A. (M.) nigrojubata incognita Bily di¤er türlere oranla daha fazla yo¤unluk oluflturmaktad›rlar. Çal›flma alan›ndaki Buprestidae familyas›n›n altfamilya, tribus, cins ve tür tan› anahtarlar› haz›rlanm›fl, her türün taksonomik öneme sahip vücut k›s›mlar› çizilmifl, bulunduklar› yerler, baz›lar›n›n konukçular›, kimilerinin de üzerinden topland›klar› bitkiler ile Türkiye ve dünyadaki yay›l›fllar› verilmifltir. Anahtar Sözcükler: Buprestidae, Faunistik, Taksonomik, Türkiye. Faunistic and Taxonomic Studies on the Family Buprestidae (Coleoptera) in Erzurum, Erzincan, Artvin and Kars Provinces I. Acmaeoderinae, Polycestinae and Buprestinae Abstract: A faunal and taxonomic study on the family Buprestidae (Coleoptera) was conducted in the provinces of Artvin (Central, Ardanuç, Borçka, Hopa, fiavflat and Yusufeli), Erzincan (Central, Tercan and Üzümlü), Erzurum (Central, Aflkale, Çat, Horasan, Il›ca, ‹spir, Narman, Oltu, Olur, Pasinler, Pazaryolu, fienkaya, Tortum and Uzundere) and Kars (Digor and Sar›kam›fl) in 1993-1997. A total of 46 species and subspecies were recorded belonging to 3 subfamilies, namely Acmaeoderinae (12 species), Polycestinae (1) and Buprestinae (33). Of these taxa, Acmaeodera (s.str.) transcaucasica Semenov, Dicerca (s.str.) chlorostigma Mannerheim, Anthaxia (Haplanthaxia) truncata Abeille de Perrin and Acmaeoderella (Carininota) flavofasciata albifrons (Abeille de Perrin) are new records for the Turkish fauna. Acmaeoderella (Euacmaeoderella) villosula (Steven), Anthaxia (Haplanthaxia) cichorii (Olivier), A. (s.str.) muliebris Obenberger, A. (s.str.) nigricollis Abeille de Perrin and Melanophila picta decastigma (Fabricius) were widespread species throughout the region. Moreover, Anthaxia cichorii, M. picta decastigma, Acmaeoderella (Carininota) flavofasciata (Piller & Mitterpacher), A. (C.) albifrons, A. (C.) mimonti (Boieldieu), Anthaxia (H.) millefolii (Fabricius), A. (M). nigrojubata nigrojubata Roubal and A. (M.) nigrojubata incognita Bily were more abundant than the others. Keys to the subfamilies, tribes, genera and species were prepared as well as the body parts of taxonomic importance being illustrated. Furthermore, the distribution of these species in Turkey and the world was given. Host plants of some species were recorded and plant species from which insect samples collected were also included. Key Words: Buprestidae, Faunistic, Taxonomic, Turkey. * Bu çal›flma, Atatürk Üniversitesi Rektörlük Araflt›rma Fonunca 1993/27 (M) Nolu Proje ile Desteklenen Doktora tezinin bir bölümüdür. 51 Erzurum, Erzincan, Artvin ve Kars ‹lleri Buprestidae (Coleoptera) Familyas› Türleri Üzerinde Faunistik ve Taksonomik Çal›flmalar I. Acmaeoderinae, Polycestinae ve Buprestinae Girifl familyas› zararl› birçok türleri içine alan önemli bir familya Buprestidae, Coleoptera tak›m›n›n Polyphaga olarak kabul edilmektedir (14). alttak›m›n›n tür bak›m›ndan zengin familyalar›ndan birisidir Buprestis ve Dicerca cinslerinin baz› türleri ile C. (1, 2, 3). Tür say›s› konusundaki tahminler de¤iflik mariana türünün, ‹skandinav ülkelerinde, potansiyel odun olmakta, Richards ve Davies (1) 11 500, Bily (4) 12 000, zararl›s› olarak büyük önem tafl›d›¤›, Scintillatrix rutilans Booth ve ark. (3) 15 000, Obenberger (5) ile Lodos (F.)’›n, zaman zaman yafll› Tilia cordata a¤açlar›nda, ve Tezcan (6) ise 16 000 oldu¤unu belirtmektedirler. Agrilus aurichalceus Redtenbacher’un ise kültüre al›nm›fl Obenberger (5) Palearktik Bölge’de 2 200, Bily (4) ise 1 Rosa türlerinde çok önemli zararl› durumunda oldu¤u 500 civar›nda tür bulundu¤unu, bunlar›n da ço¤unun belirtilmektedir (4). Ayn› araflt›r›c›, yo¤unluk fazla Akdeniz çevresi, Ortado¤u ve Avrupa’da yer ald›¤›n› oldu¤unda Trachys minutus (L.) larvalar›n›n Salix caprea vurgulamaktad›rlar. a¤açlar›n›n yapraklar›nda % 50’den fazla zarar Buprestidae familyas›na ait böceklere Berker (7) oluflturdu¤unu ve bir yaprakta 1-4 aras›nda larvan›n taraf›ndan “Müzeyyen Böceklerin Familyas›” ad› verilmifl, bulundu¤unu vurgulamaktad›r (4). Ayr›ca, Agrilus ancak daha sonralar› “Süslüböcekler, Parlak K›nkanatl›lar, biguttatus Rossi’un Almanya’n›n kuzeyinde mefle Yass›bafl Böcekleri, Yass›bafllar, A¤açoyan Yass›bafll› a¤açlar›nda önemli düzeyde zarara yol açt›¤› Böcekler” gibi isimler kullan›lm›fl, bunlardan flimdilik kaydedilmektedir (15). kabul görmüfl olan› “Süslüböcekler” olmufltur (8). Türkiye’de, son y›llarda, Buprestidae türlerinin yapt›¤› Erginler, güneflli havalarda aktiftirler, özellikle zararlarla ilgili olarak çiftçilerimizin flikayetleri gündeme bitkilerin çiçeklerinde polenle beslenirlerse de yaprak, gelmeye bafllam›flt›r. Özellikle, Capnodis ve Coraebus gibi sürgün ve tomurcuklarla beslenenler de vard›r. Ço¤u cinsler içinde yer alan türlerin larvalar›, canl› dokularda türlerin larvalar›, orman, park a¤ac› ve çal›lar› ile meyve geliflerek, kültürü yap›lan pek çok a¤açta, orman ve süs a¤açlar›n›n kabuk dokusunda beslenerek enine kesiti oval bitkisi a¤aç ve a¤açc›klar›nda önemli zararlar yapmaktad›r olan galeriler açarlar. Özellikle, zay›f, ölmekte olan veya (16, 17). ölmüfl a¤açlara sald›r›rlar. Erginler, yumurtalar›n› bu tip Türkiye’de Buprestidae familyas› türleri üzerinde a¤açlar›n kabuk çatlaklar› aras›na b›rak›rlar. Birçok tür, yap›lan faunistik ve sistematik çal›flmalar, 19. yüzy›l›n ekonomik zararlara sebep olmaktad›r (1, 2, 6, 9). Kimi sonlar›nda bafllam›flt›r. Ancak, bu çal›flmalar, genellikle türler ise baflta baklagil bitkileri olmak üzere, baz› otsu yabanc› araflt›r›c›lar taraf›ndan k›sa süreli inceleme gezileri kültür ve yabani bitkilerin sap ve köklerinde beslenirler. s›ras›nda toplanan örneklerin ve yap›lan gözlemlerin Bu nedenle, baz› kültür bitkilerinde zararl› olurken, kimi bildirilmesi fleklinde olmufltur. Bunlar aras›nda, Fairmaire yabanc› otlar› da bask› alt›nda tutarlar. Nitekim, (18, 19), Bodemeyer (20), Sahlberg (21), de Kerville Sphenoptera ile Agrilus cinslerine mensup baz› türler, (22), Schimitschek (13), Obenberger (23), Bodenheimer yabanc› otlarla biyolojik mücadelede kullan›lmaktad›r (6, (24), Chararas (25), Bily (26, 27), Bily ve Brodsky (28), 10, 11). Curletti (29), Curletti ve Magnani (30, 31), Novak (32, Buprestidae familyas› türleri, genellikle y›lda 1 döl 33, 34), Levey (35), Niehuis (36, 37, 38, 39, 40) ve verirler. Fakat, larva döneminin baz› türlerde uzun Svoboda (41)’n›n çal›flmalar› örnek olarak verilebilir. sürmesi nedeniyle, birkaç y›lda bir döl veren türler de Bunun yan›nda, yerli araflt›r›c›lardan, Acatay (42, 43, 44), vard›r. Örne¤in, Buprestis cupressi Germar 3 y›lda 1 döl Erdem (45, 46), Erk›l›ç ve Sümer (47), Defne (48), ‹leri verirken (12), Capnodis miliaris (Klug) ve Chrysobothris ve Ayfer (49), Çanakç›o¤lu (14, 50, 51), Nizaml›o¤lu affinis (F.) gibi türler 2 y›lda 1 döl vermektedir (6, 12). (52), Alkan (53), Tuatay (54), Nizaml›o¤lu ve Gökmen Yine, Schimitschek (13), buprestidlerin Orta Avrupa (55), Yüksel (56), Karagöz ve Sekendiz (57), Özer ve ormanlar›nda 2 y›lda 1 döl verdi¤ini, Agrilus türlerinin Duran (58), Beflçeli (59), Ural vd. (60), Sekendiz ve Y›ld›z ‹stanbul çevresinde y›lda 1 döl, Anthaxia türlerinin Güney (61, 62), Sekendiz (12, 63), Y›ld›z (64), Akman ve San Anadolu’da yine y›lda 1 döl verdi¤ini bildirmektedir. Di¤er (65), Tosun (66), Çanakç›o¤lu vd. (67), Güler (68), taraftan, Bily (4), Chalcophora mariana (L.)’n›n Kornoflor (69), Maçan (70), Yücel (71), Toros (72), geliflmesini 3-6 y›lda tamamland›¤›n› belirtmektedir. Güler ve Can (73), Özbek vd. (74), Uygun vd. (75) ile Özo¤lu ve Uygun (76)’un belirli türlerle ilgili baz› Buprestidae familyas› türlerinin ço¤u, sekonder zararl› gözlemleri olmufltur. durumundad›r, fakat fazla miktarda ço¤ald›klar› ve isteklerine uygun yeteri kadar besin kayna¤› bulamad›klar› Winkler (77), Türkiye’de bulunan buprestid’lerin tür zaman, primer zararl› durumuna geçer ve a¤açlara çok say›s›n› 22 cinse ba¤l› 104 tür, Obenberger (78, 79, 80, fazla zarar verirler. Bu nedenle, ormanc›l›kta Buprestidae 81, 82, 83, 84)
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