การสร้างเอคโตไมคอร์ไรซาของรากลุ่ม Gasteromycetes ในกล
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Plant Life MagillS Encyclopedia of Science
MAGILLS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SCIENCE PLANT LIFE MAGILLS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SCIENCE PLANT LIFE Volume 4 Sustainable Forestry–Zygomycetes Indexes Editor Bryan D. Ness, Ph.D. Pacific Union College, Department of Biology Project Editor Christina J. Moose Salem Press, Inc. Pasadena, California Hackensack, New Jersey Editor in Chief: Dawn P. Dawson Managing Editor: Christina J. Moose Photograph Editor: Philip Bader Manuscript Editor: Elizabeth Ferry Slocum Production Editor: Joyce I. Buchea Assistant Editor: Andrea E. Miller Page Design and Graphics: James Hutson Research Supervisor: Jeffry Jensen Layout: William Zimmerman Acquisitions Editor: Mark Rehn Illustrator: Kimberly L. Dawson Kurnizki Copyright © 2003, by Salem Press, Inc. All rights in this book are reserved. No part of this work may be used or reproduced in any manner what- soever or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy,recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. For information address the publisher, Salem Press, Inc., P.O. Box 50062, Pasadena, California 91115. Some of the updated and revised essays in this work originally appeared in Magill’s Survey of Science: Life Science (1991), Magill’s Survey of Science: Life Science, Supplement (1998), Natural Resources (1998), Encyclopedia of Genetics (1999), Encyclopedia of Environmental Issues (2000), World Geography (2001), and Earth Science (2001). ∞ The paper used in these volumes conforms to the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, Z39.48-1992 (R1997). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Magill’s encyclopedia of science : plant life / edited by Bryan D. -
Fruiting Body Form, Not Nutritional Mode, Is the Major Driver of Diversification in Mushroom-Forming Fungi
Fruiting body form, not nutritional mode, is the major driver of diversification in mushroom-forming fungi Marisol Sánchez-Garcíaa,b, Martin Rybergc, Faheema Kalsoom Khanc, Torda Vargad, László G. Nagyd, and David S. Hibbetta,1 aBiology Department, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610; bUppsala Biocentre, Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-75005 Uppsala, Sweden; cDepartment of Organismal Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden; and dSynthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, 6726 Szeged, Hungary Edited by David M. Hillis, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, and approved October 16, 2020 (received for review December 22, 2019) With ∼36,000 described species, Agaricomycetes are among the and the evolution of enclosed spore-bearing structures. It has most successful groups of Fungi. Agaricomycetes display great di- been hypothesized that the loss of ballistospory is irreversible versity in fruiting body forms and nutritional modes. Most have because it involves a complex suite of anatomical features gen- pileate-stipitate fruiting bodies (with a cap and stalk), but the erating a “surface tension catapult” (8, 11). The effect of gas- group also contains crust-like resupinate fungi, polypores, coral teroid fruiting body forms on diversification rates has been fungi, and gasteroid forms (e.g., puffballs and stinkhorns). Some assessed in Sclerodermatineae, Boletales, Phallomycetidae, and Agaricomycetes enter into ectomycorrhizal symbioses with plants, Lycoperdaceae, where it was found that lineages with this type of while others are decayers (saprotrophs) or pathogens. We constructed morphology have diversified at higher rates than nongasteroid a megaphylogeny of 8,400 species and used it to test the following lineages (12). -
Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Community Structure in a Young Orchard of Grafted and Ungrafted Hybrid Chestnut Saplings
Mycorrhiza (2021) 31:189–201 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-020-01015-0 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Ectomycorrhizal fungal community structure in a young orchard of grafted and ungrafted hybrid chestnut saplings Serena Santolamazza‑Carbone1,2 · Laura Iglesias‑Bernabé1 · Esteban Sinde‑Stompel3 · Pedro Pablo Gallego1,2 Received: 29 August 2020 / Accepted: 17 December 2020 / Published online: 27 January 2021 © The Author(s) 2021 Abstract Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal community of the European chestnut has been poorly investigated, and mostly by sporocarp sampling. We proposed the study of the ECM fungal community of 2-year-old chestnut hybrids Castanea × coudercii (Castanea sativa × Castanea crenata) using molecular approaches. By using the chestnut hybrid clones 111 and 125, we assessed the impact of grafting on ECM colonization rate, species diversity, and fungal community composition. The clone type did not have an impact on the studied variables; however, grafting signifcantly infuenced ECM colonization rate in clone 111. Species diversity and richness did not vary between the experimental groups. Grafted and ungrafted plants of clone 111 had a diferent ECM fungal species composition. Sequence data from ITS regions of rDNA revealed the presence of 9 orders, 15 families, 19 genera, and 27 species of ECM fungi, most of them generalist, early-stage species. Thirteen new taxa were described in association with chestnuts. The basidiomycetes Agaricales (13 taxa) and Boletales (11 taxa) represented 36% and 31%, of the total sampled ECM fungal taxa, respectively. Scleroderma citrinum, S. areolatum, and S. polyrhizum (Boletales) were found in 86% of the trees and represented 39% of total ECM root tips. The ascomycete Cenococcum geophilum (Mytilinidiales) was found in 80% of the trees but accounted only for 6% of the colonized root tips. -
9B Taxonomy to Genus
Fungus and Lichen Genera in the NEMF Database Taxonomic hierarchy: phyllum > class (-etes) > order (-ales) > family (-ceae) > genus. Total number of genera in the database: 526 Anamorphic fungi (see p. 4), which are disseminated by propagules not formed from cells where meiosis has occurred, are presently not grouped by class, order, etc. Most propagules can be referred to as "conidia," but some are derived from unspecialized vegetative mycelium. A significant number are correlated with fungal states that produce spores derived from cells where meiosis has, or is assumed to have, occurred. These are, where known, members of the ascomycetes or basidiomycetes. However, in many cases, they are still undescribed, unrecognized or poorly known. (Explanation paraphrased from "Dictionary of the Fungi, 9th Edition.") Principal authority for this taxonomy is the Dictionary of the Fungi and its online database, www.indexfungorum.org. For lichens, see Lecanoromycetes on p. 3. Basidiomycota Aegerita Poria Macrolepiota Grandinia Poronidulus Melanophyllum Agaricomycetes Hyphoderma Postia Amanitaceae Cantharellales Meripilaceae Pycnoporellus Amanita Cantharellaceae Abortiporus Skeletocutis Bolbitiaceae Cantharellus Antrodia Trichaptum Agrocybe Craterellus Grifola Tyromyces Bolbitius Clavulinaceae Meripilus Sistotremataceae Conocybe Clavulina Physisporinus Trechispora Hebeloma Hydnaceae Meruliaceae Sparassidaceae Panaeolina Hydnum Climacodon Sparassis Clavariaceae Polyporales Gloeoporus Steccherinaceae Clavaria Albatrellaceae Hyphodermopsis Antrodiella -
Molecular Confirmation of Gyroporus Lacteus and Typification of Boletus Cyanescens
Phytotaxa 226 (1): 027–038 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.226.1.3 Molecular confirmation of Gyroporus lacteus and typification of Boletus cyanescens ALFREDO VIZZINI1*, CLAUDIO ANGELINI2 & ENRICO ERCOLE1 1Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, I-10125 Torino, Italy 2Via Tulipifero 9, I-33080, Porcia (PN), Italy *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Gyroporus lacteus is fully described based on recent collections from sandy areas in Italian littoral woods consisting of Pinus pinea and Quercus ilex. Léveillé’s plate 9 (1–2) (in Annls Sci. Nat., Bot., 1848) is selected as a lectotype and a re- cent sequenced collection as an epitype. Its independent position from Gyroporus cyanescens is supported by phylogenetic analyses of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the nuclear ribosomal large subunit (LSU) regions. In addition, Gyroporus cyanescens is typified by selecting Bulliard’s Plate 369 (in Herbier de la France 8, 1788) as a lectotype and a sequenced collection as an epitype. Key words: Basidiomycota, Boletales, Gyroporaceae, rDNA, Sclerodermatineae, Taxonomy Introduction The Sclerodermatineae Binder & Bresinsky, also called the sclerodermatoid fungi (Watling 2006), is a suborder within the large, and ecologically important order Boletales E.-J. Gilbert (Binder & Bresinsky 2002), which includes the boletoid genera Boletinellus Murrill, Phlebopus (R. Heim) Singer, and Gyroporus Quél. and some gasteroid genera such as Scleroderma Pers., Astraeus Morgan, Calostoma Desv., Pisolithus Alb. & Schwein., Tremellogaster E. Fisch., and Diplocystis Berk. -
Boletaceae), First Report of a Red-Pored Bolete
A peer-reviewed open-access journal MycoKeys 49: 73–97Neoboletus (2019) antillanus sp. nov. (Boletaceae), first report of a red-pored bolete... 73 doi: 10.3897/mycokeys.49.33185 RESEARCH ARTICLE MycoKeys http://mycokeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Neoboletus antillanus sp. nov. (Boletaceae), first report of a red-pored bolete from the Dominican Republic and insights on the genus Neoboletus Matteo Gelardi1, Claudio Angelini2,3, Federica Costanzo1, Francesco Dovana4, Beatriz Ortiz-Santana5, Alfredo Vizzini4 1 Via Angelo Custode 4A, I-00061 Anguillara Sabazia, RM, Italy 2 Via Cappuccini 78/8, I-33170 Pordenone, Italy 3 National Botanical Garden of Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic 4 Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, I-10125 Torino, Italy 5 US Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Center for Forest Mycology Research, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA Corresponding author: Alfredo Vizzini ([email protected]) Academic editor: M.P. Martín | Received 18 January 2019 | Accepted 12 March 2019 | Published 29 March 2019 Citation: Gelardi M, Angelini C, Costanzo F, Dovana F, Ortiz-Santana B, Vizzini A (2019) Neoboletus antillanus sp. nov. (Boletaceae), first report of a red-pored bolete from the Dominican Republic and insights on the genus Neoboletus. MycoKeys 49: 73–97. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.49.33185 Abstract Neoboletus antillanus sp. nov. appears to be the only red-pored bolete known from the Dominican Repub- lic to date. It is reported as a novel species to science based on collections gathered in a neotropical lowland mixed broadleaved woodland. -
Astraeus and Geastrum
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science Volume 58 Annual Issue Article 9 1951 Astraeus and Geastrum Marion D. Ervin State University of Iowa Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy Copyright ©1951 Iowa Academy of Science, Inc. Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias Recommended Citation Ervin, Marion D. (1951) "Astraeus and Geastrum," Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, 58(1), 97-99. Available at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias/vol58/iss1/9 This Research is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa Academy of Science at UNI ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science by an authorized editor of UNI ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Ervin: Astraeus and Geastrum Astraeus and Geastrum1 By MARION D. ERVIN The genus Astraeus, based on Geastrum hygrometricum Pers., was included in the genus Geaster until Morgan9 pointed out several differences which seemed to justify placing the fungus in a distinct genus. Morgan pointed out first, that the basidium-bearing hyphae fill the cavities of the gleba as in Scleroderma; se.cond, that the threads of the capillitium are. long, much-branched, and interwoven, as in Tulostoma; third, that the elemental hyphae of the peridium are scarcely different from the threads of the capillitium and are continuous with them, in this respect, again, agre.eing with Tulos toma; fourth, that there is an entire absence of any columella, and, in fact, the existence of a columella is precluded by the nature of the capillitium; fifth, that both thre.ads and spore sizes differ greatly from those of geasters. -
MUSHROOMS of the OTTAWA NATIONAL FOREST Compiled By
MUSHROOMS OF THE OTTAWA NATIONAL FOREST Compiled by Dana L. Richter, School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI for Ottawa National Forest, Ironwood, MI March, 2011 Introduction There are many thousands of fungi in the Ottawa National Forest filling every possible niche imaginable. A remarkable feature of the fungi is that they are ubiquitous! The mushroom is the large spore-producing structure made by certain fungi. Only a relatively small number of all the fungi in the Ottawa forest ecosystem make mushrooms. Some are distinctive and easily identifiable, while others are cryptic and require microscopic and chemical analyses to accurately name. This is a list of some of the most common and obvious mushrooms that can be found in the Ottawa National Forest, including a few that are uncommon or relatively rare. The mushrooms considered here are within the phyla Ascomycetes – the morel and cup fungi, and Basidiomycetes – the toadstool and shelf-like fungi. There are perhaps 2000 to 3000 mushrooms in the Ottawa, and this is simply a guess, since many species have yet to be discovered or named. This number is based on lists of fungi compiled in areas such as the Huron Mountains of northern Michigan (Richter 2008) and in the state of Wisconsin (Parker 2006). The list contains 227 species from several authoritative sources and from the author’s experience teaching, studying and collecting mushrooms in the northern Great Lakes States for the past thirty years. Although comments on edibility of certain species are given, the author neither endorses nor encourages the eating of wild mushrooms except with extreme caution and with the awareness that some mushrooms may cause life-threatening illness or even death. -
Mycology Praha
f I VO LUM E 52 I / I [ 1— 1 DECEMBER 1999 M y c o l o g y l CZECH SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY FOR MYCOLOGY PRAHA J\AYCn nI .O §r%u v J -< M ^/\YC/-\ ISSN 0009-°476 n | .O r%o v J -< Vol. 52, No. 1, December 1999 CZECH MYCOLOGY ! formerly Česká mykologie published quarterly by the Czech Scientific Society for Mycology EDITORIAL BOARD Editor-in-Cliief ; ZDENĚK POUZAR (Praha) ; Managing editor JAROSLAV KLÁN (Praha) j VLADIMÍR ANTONÍN (Brno) JIŘÍ KUNERT (Olomouc) ! OLGA FASSATIOVÁ (Praha) LUDMILA MARVANOVÁ (Brno) | ROSTISLAV FELLNER (Praha) PETR PIKÁLEK (Praha) ; ALEŠ LEBEDA (Olomouc) MIRKO SVRČEK (Praha) i Czech Mycology is an international scientific journal publishing papers in all aspects of 1 mycology. Publication in the journal is open to members of the Czech Scientific Society i for Mycology and non-members. | Contributions to: Czech Mycology, National Museum, Department of Mycology, Václavské 1 nám. 68, 115 79 Praha 1, Czech Republic. Phone: 02/24497259 or 96151284 j SUBSCRIPTION. Annual subscription is Kč 350,- (including postage). The annual sub scription for abroad is US $86,- or DM 136,- (including postage). The annual member ship fee of the Czech Scientific Society for Mycology (Kč 270,- or US $60,- for foreigners) includes the journal without any other additional payment. For subscriptions, address changes, payment and further information please contact The Czech Scientific Society for ! Mycology, P.O.Box 106, 11121 Praha 1, Czech Republic. This journal is indexed or abstracted in: i Biological Abstracts, Abstracts of Mycology, Chemical Abstracts, Excerpta Medica, Bib liography of Systematic Mycology, Index of Fungi, Review of Plant Pathology, Veterinary Bulletin, CAB Abstracts, Rewicw of Medical and Veterinary Mycology. -
Soppognyttevekster.No › Agarica-1998-Nr-24-25 T
-f 't),.. ~I:WI~TAD t'J'JfORHHMG l "International Mycological Directory" second edition 1990 av G.S.Hall & D.L.Hawkworth finner vi følgende om Fredrikstad Soppforening: MYCOWGICAL SOCIETY OF FREDRIKSTAD Status: Local Organisalion type: Amateur Society &ope: Specialist Conlact: Roy Kristiansen Addn!SS: Fredrikstad Soppforening, P.O. Box 167, N-1601 Fredrikstad, Norway. lnlen!sts: Edible fungi, macromycetes. Portrail: Frederikstad Soppforening was founded in 1973 and isopen to anyone interested in fungi. Its ai ms are to educate the public about edible and poisonous fungi and to improve knowledge of the regional non edible fungi. There are currently 130 subscribing members, represented by a biennially serving Board, consisting of a President, Vice-President, Treasurer, Secretary and three Members, who meet six to seven times per year. On average there are six membership meetings (usually two in the spring and four in the autumn) mainly devot ed to edible fungi, with lectures from Society members and occasionally from professionals. Five to six field trips are held in the season (including one in May), when an identification service for the general public is offered by authorized members who are trained in a University-based course. New species are deposited in the Herbaria at Oslo and Trondheim Universities. The Society offers to guide professionals and amateurs from other pans of Norway, and from other countries, through the region in search of special biotypes or races. MHtings: Occasional symposia are arranged on specific topics (eg Coninarius and Russula) by Society and outside specialists which attract panicipation from other Scandinavian countries. Publication: Journal: Agarica (ca 200 pages, two issues per year) is mainly dedicated to macrornycetes and accepts anicles written in Nordic languages, English, French or German. -
A Database of the Global Distribution of Alien Macrofungi
Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e51459 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.8.e51459 Data Paper A database of the global distribution of alien macrofungi Miguel Monteiro‡,§,|, Luís Reino ‡,§, Anna Schertler¶¶, Franz Essl , Rui Figueira‡,§,#, Maria Teresa Ferreira|, César Capinha ¤ ‡ CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal § CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal | Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal ¶ Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation Ecology and Landscape Ecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria # LEAF-Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal ¤ Centro de Estudos Geográficos, Instituto de Geografia e Ordenamento do Território - IGOT, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal Corresponding author: César Capinha ([email protected]) Academic editor: Dmitry Schigel Received: 25 Feb 2020 | Accepted: 16 Mar 2020 | Published: 01 Apr 2020 Citation: Monteiro M, Reino L, Schertler A, Essl F, Figueira R, Ferreira MT, Capinha C (2020) A database of the global distribution of alien macrofungi. Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e51459. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e51459 Abstract Background Human activities are allowing the ever-increasing dispersal of taxa to beyond their native ranges. Understanding the patterns and implications of these distributional changes requires comprehensive information on the geography of introduced species. Current knowledge about the alien distribution of macrofungi is limited taxonomically and temporally, which severely hinders the study of human-mediated distribution changes for this taxonomic group. -
Isolation of Pisolithus Sp., (Sclerodermataceae) - First Recording in Western Iraq
Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol. 43 (2), 520-523, Mar. - Apr. 2021 Short Communication Isolation of Pisolithus sp., (Sclerodermataceae) - First recording in western Iraq Mustafa Nadhim Owaid1, 2* 1 Department of Heet Education, General Directorate of Education in Anbar, Ministry of Education, Hit, Anbar, 31007 Iraq 2 Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Applied Sciences, University of Anbar, Hit, Anbar, 31007 Iraq Received: 9 March 2020; Revised: 31 March 2020; Accepted: 3 April 2020 Abstract Pisolithus is a rare macro-fungal genus belonging to the family Sclerodermataceae and has been identified for the first time in Anbar. This puffball grew associated with Eucalyptus sp. tree and was collected during October 2013 at the campus of University of Anbar (UOA), Ramadi, which lies at 33.403457° N and 43.262189° E in dry conditions. This mushroom is considered to be ectomycorrhizal (ECM) and has an essential role in the physiology of Eucalyptus sp. This study added a new species to the biodiversity of macro-fungi in the arid and semi-arid area in Iraq. Keywords: biodiversity, EMC fungi, Ramadi, classification, Eucalyptus, ultramafic soil 1. Introduction ultramafic nickel-tolerant ecotype, indicating particular and adaptive sub-atomic reaction to nickel. In this way, this Fungi are eukaryotic organisms comprising of fine fungus plays a critical part in Eucalyptus adapted to the high hyphae, which together form a mycelium. Fungi play concentrations of nickel in soils (Jourand et al., 2014). significant environmental roles as decomposers, and as The Iraqi desert in Anbar province is rich in the mutualists with, and pathogens of plants and animals.