Do Exams Make Pupils Lose Interest? A

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5 Complete the text with a / an, the or leave blank for zero article. Do exams make pupils lose interest? a.. children could be turned off their favourite subjects for bd life if they are pushed too hard to take c . exams, d..... .... dd •••• psychologists are warning. e . study of I I-year-olds found that those who had taken exams to win f... dddd school places rapidly lost g interest in their school work after h exams were over. Other children, who did not take i.. d. same kind of tests, did not have j .. same experience. In this study, k .. .d .dd group of researchers measured I d ••••••••••••••••• d •••• motivation of children in m science, n ..dd English and o maths. Before p . exams q .. d •••••• children all appeared very motivated, but as saon as r.. exams were over, that changed, and their motivation went down. Motivation stayed s d •••••••••••••••••••••••• same among another group who took normai school tests. Researchers think it is possible that some children Silef\ce can be put off tdd. subject permanently by an exam. e.. ~ CA ('(\ 6 Complete the text with a / an, the or leave blank for zero article. Apple Computer was founded in Los Gatos, California on 1 April, 1976 by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne, to sell a.lh.e. Apple I personal computer kit at $666.66. They were hand-built in Jobs' parents' garage, and b ..ddddd Apple I was first shown to Cd public at d .d Homebrew Computer Club. Jobs and Wozniak, e d.dd two Steves, had been L friends since 1971. Jobs managed to interest Wozniak in assembling g.. personal computers and selling them. Jobs approached h computer stare, which ardered 50 units and paid $500 far each unit. Jobs then ordered components from Cramer Electronics, i ...company making electronic parts. Using j number of methods, including borrowing space from k friends and family and selling I things including m Volkswagen Type 2 bus, Jobs managed to secure nd parts needed while Wozniak and another friend, Ronald Wayne, assembled o d.d Apple L The computers were delivered in June, and paid for on delivery. Eventually 200 Apple I computers were built. p d ..dd Apple II was first sold in qd 1977 . It was popular with r home users and was occasionally sold to s .. business users, particularly after t .. ...release of Ud first computer spreadsheet, called VisiCalc. ........... '-"N 1 Look at all the examples on page 118 and translate them. Does your language use these articles in the same way? What are the differences? 2 Check that you have the correct answers to Exercise 1, and then translate the sentences. Need more practice? Go to the Review on page 192..

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Steve Wozniak Was Born in 1950 Steve Jobs in 1955, Both Attended Homestead High School, Los Altos, California
Steve Wozniak was born in 1950 Steve Jobs in 1955, both attended Homestead High School, Los Altos, California, Wozniak dropped out of Berkeley, took a job at Hewlett-Packard as an engineer. They met at HP in 1971. Jobs was 16 and Wozniak 21. 1975 Wozniak and Jobs in their garage working on early computer technologies Together, they built and sold a device called a “blue box.” It could hack AT&T’s long-distance network so that phone calls could be made for free. Jobs went to Oregon’s Reed College in 1972, quit in 1974, and took a job at Atari designing video games. 1974 Wozniak invited Jobs to join the ‘Homebrew Computer Club’ in Palo Alto, a group of electronics-enthusiasts who met at Stanford 1974 they began work on what would become the Apple I, essentially a circuit board, in Jobs’ bedroom. 1976 chiefly by Wozniak’s hand, they had a small, easy-to-use computer – smaller than a portable typewriter. In technical terms, this was the first single-board, microprocessor-based microcomputer (CPU, RAM, and basic textual-video chips) shown at the Homebrew Computer Club. An Apple I computer with a custom-built wood housing with keyboard. They took their new computer to the companies they were familiar with, Hewlett-Packard and Atari, but neither saw much demand for a “personal” computer. Jobs proposed that he and Wozniak start their own company to sell the devices. They agreed to go for it and set up shop in the Jobs’ family garage. Apple I A main circuit board with a tape-interface sold separately, could use a TV as the display system, text only.
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