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Journal of Foreign Affairs Volume 1, Issue 1, January 2021

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Journal of Foreign Affairs Volume 1, Issue 1, January 2021 ISSN 2773-7942 1 JOURNAL OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS VOLUME 1, ISSUE 1, JANUARY 2021 Institute of Foreign Affairs (IFA) Tripureshwor, Kathmandu Nepal 2 Institute of Foreign Affairs, Nepal : Journal of Foreign Affairs, Vol. 1, No. 1, Jan 2021 3 ISSN 2773-7942 JOURNAL OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS VOLUME 1, ISSUE 1 Institute of Foreign Affairs (IFA) Tripureshwor, Kathmandu Nepal January 2021 4 Institute of Foreign Affairs, Nepal : Journal of Foreign Affairs, Vol. 1, No. 1, Jan 2021 Journal of Foreign Affairs VOLUME 1, ISSUE 1, JANUARY 2021 Advisory Board Mr Shanker Das Bairagi, Chief Secretary, Office of the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers Mr Bharat Raj Paudyal, Secretary, Ministry of Foreign Affairs Mr Shankar Prasad Sharma, PhD, Member, IFA Board Prof. Khadga KC, PhD, Member, IFA Board Prof. Meena Vaidya Malla, PhD, Member, IFA Board Mr Lalbabu Yadav, Member, IFA Board Mr Himalaya Thapa, Member, IFA Board Ms Bhawani Rana, Member, IFA Board Published by: Institute of Foreign Affairs Tripureshwor, Kathmandu, Nepal Telephone : 00977-4266954, 4266955 Email : [email protected] Website : www.ifa.org.np Copyright : Institute of Foreign Affairs Opinions expressed in the articles are the authors’ own and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Editors and the publisher. No reproduction of any article in any form, is allowed without the permission of the Institute of Foreign Affairs (IFA). However, the Journal may be referred in citations. Publication Copies: 1000 Design and Layout: Mr Ram Krishna Shrestha Cover Image Courtesy: Creative Commons Printed at: 5 Institute of Foreign Affairs k//fi6« dfldnf cWoog k|lti7fg Journal of Foreign Affairs VOLUME 1, ISSUE 1, JANUARY 2021 Executive Editors Mr Rajesh Shrestha Dr Rupak Sapkota Mr Madhavji Shrestha Assistant Editor Mr Gaurav Bhattarai 6 Institute of Foreign Affairs, Nepal : Journal of Foreign Affairs, Vol. 1, No. 1, Jan 2021 7 Foreword The Institute of Foreign Affairs (IFA) is pleased to bring out the Journal of Foreign Affairs as its key think-tank activity. The IFA family was engaged in activities relevant for the publication to materialize the desired outcome. The effort put in so far was successful in laying down the foundation by providing an impetus to future activities to facilitate continued publication of the journal. However, in the course of the publication work, we felt the deficit in necessary human and financial resources. IFA realises the need for a reliable network of researchers, experts and academics in contributing to the publication. As is known to all, health risks and a barrier to movement imposed by the outbreak of COVID-19 left its telling effect on the publication. Despite the obstacles and challenges faced, the outcome, we feel, will help academics and stakeholder institutions and enhance the purpose of IFA. The primary and foremost duty of the Institute is to assist the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Nepal in its discharge of effectively conducting foreign policy practices and understanding. Finally, the Institute extends its deep gratitude to Honourable Foreign Minister Mr Pradeep Kumar Gyawali and the authorities within the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MoFA) of Nepal for their inspiring support and enabling assistance offered. Rajesh Shrestha Executive Director Institute of Foreign Affairs Tripureswor, Kathmandu 8 Institute of Foreign Affairs, Nepal : Journal of Foreign Affairs, Vol. 1, No. 1, Jan 2021 Editorial Institute of Foreign Affairs (IFA) presents the maiden issue of the Journal of Foreign Affairs (JoFA). International Relations are in the process of being restructured through the unprecedented challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. The recent trajectories in the geopolitical sphere forced every nation to develop different diplomatic and strategic structures and models of cooperation. The existing relationships between the countries are being gradually altered and will be transforming geopolitically, economically and diplomatically. Equally, there is also an important aspect to build external outreach to secure support for the economic development of Nepal. Against this backdrop, it is essential to revisit Nepal’s foreign policy in the neighbourhood, beyond the neighbourhood, and also on the regional and multilateral fronts. We hope that the Journal of Foreign Affairs fulfills that objective. The Journal of Foreign Affairs followed a double-blind peer review process where the identity of authors and reviewers was kept confidential. The review generally involved two to four subject experts. JoFA mainly concentrates on the realm of Foreign Policy, International Relations, International Political Economy, Security and Strategic Affairs and Diplomacy. This issue, in particular, focuses on a wide range of concerns, including the strategies for border management, identifying actors in the foreign policy decision-making, conducting economic diplomacy, diversification of diplomatic maneuverings, Nepal’s participation in UN peacekeeping missions and efforts to revive the SAARC, the importance of regime capability in diplomatic maneuverings, examining the relationships between labour diplomacy and migration governance, and Nepal’s soft power capabilities. This issue has also incorporated a biography of the late Diplomat Yadu Nath Khanal and a book review of ‘Nepal Worldview’. The Journal of Foreign Affairs is the upshot of the realization of the research gaps in the aforementioned fields. To fulfill these research gaps, IFA sought the assistance of the foreign policy experts, planners, academicians, researchers and journalists. Each paper, in this journal, is a contribution to the understanding of the changing dynamics of Nepal’s foreign policy at the bilateral, multilateral and regional levels. This volume explores intensively into certain major issues of Nepal’s foreign relations and the contemporary challenges faced by Nepal’s diplomacy. 9 The Journal of Foreign Affairs is the result of the untiring efforts of the IFA Board members, and the invaluable feedbacks received from foreign policy experts, policy analysts, security experts, academicians, diplomats and researchers. IFA is thankful to all the contributors, peer-reviewers and copyeditors. In this context, the Executive Editors acknowledge the support and assistance of Mr Gyan Chandra Acharya, Mr Arjun Bahadur Thapa, Dr Dinesh Raj Bhuju, Mr Bijaya Lal Shrestha, Dr Ram Thapaliya, Dr Nischal Nath Pandey, Dr Naresh Nath Rimal, Mr Geja Sharma Wagle, Dr Jeevan Baniya, Dr Chandra Lal Pandey, Dr Purna Silwal, Mr. Prachanda Man Shrestha, Mr Suresh Sharma, Mr Ghanshyam Bhandari, Mr Sushil K. Lamsal, Mr Rambabu Dhakal. Moreover, we are thankful for the dedication and commitment of IFA officials Mr Matrika Poudyal, Mr Mahendra Prasad Joshi, Ms Binita Shrestha, Mr Sanuraja Puri, Mr Dron Lamichhane and all other supporting staff. Executive Editors Journal of Foreign Affairs (JoFA) Institute of Foreign Affairs 10 Institute of Foreign Affairs, Nepal : Journal of Foreign Affairs, Vol. 1, No. 1, Jan 2021 11 Journal of Foreign Affairs Volume 1, Issue 1, January 2021 TABLE OF CONTENTS Regime Capability and Relational Stakes in the Emerging World Order ANAND ADITYA 1-36 Diplomacy in the Perspective of Boundaries BUDDHI NARAYAN SHRESTHA 37-58 Economic Diplomacy for Development Partnership RAJENDRA SHRESTHA 59-78 Charting a New Direction and Strategy in Nepal's Foreign Policy NISCHAL NATH PANDEY 79-90 Unleashing Nepal’s Demography as Soft Power SUJEEV SHAKYA 91-106 Labour Diplomacy and Migration Governance in Nepal KESHAV BASHYAL and BINITA SUBEDI 107-122 Ethos of ‘Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam’ in Nepal’s Contribution to UN Peacekeeping Operations GAURAV BHATTARAI and BEENITA NEPALI 123-150 Nepal’s Post-Pandemic Diplomacy JOHN NARAYAN PARAJULI 151-170 Nepal’s Role in Strengthening SAARC KAMAL DEV BHATTARAI 171-188 Capitalising Nepal’s Soft Power Heritage in the 21st Century AMISH RAJ MULMI 189-206 An Intellectual in the Corridors of Power Biography by JAYA RAJ ACHARYA 207-218 Nepal Worldview : Foreign Policy and Diplomacy Book Review by RUDRA NEPAL 219-237 12 Institute of Foreign Affairs, Nepal : Journal of Foreign Affairs, Vol. 1, No. 1, Jan 2021 Regime Capability and Relational Stakes in the Emerging World Order 1 REGIME CAPABILITY AND RELATIONAL STAKES IN THE EMERGING WORLD ORDER Lessons for Nepal n Anand Aditya Abstract Against the background of an emerging new world order in the 21st century, this paper offers a conceptual frame on the critical role that regime capability can play in modulating the relational stakes of a country. The text in that context offers the case of Nepal as also a few other countries to assess and explain the role and impact of political stability in enhancing the relational dividend as well as the pace of democratisation and development. A three-fold typology of governance regimes-survival, subsistential and self-sustaining-is also presented to validate the arguments. The methodology used here is broadly comparative and empirical using ideas conceptualised to facilitate comparison, explanation and elaboration of the arguments forwarded in the course of discussion. Keywords: Regime Capability, Relational Deficit, Self-sustaining Regime, Subsistential Regime, Survival Regime, Public Diplomacy Setting the Context After ten cycles of political movements, twenty-four decades of dynastic rule and fifty-seven years of seemingly endless waiting, Nepal has now joined the global comity of the federal order, and the seventh constitution in the country’s seven decades of transition has unfolded a new vista of
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