DOCSLIB.ORG

38 Analyzing the Romanian Governmental Scene

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
38 Analyzing the Romanian Governmental Scene ANALYZING THE ROMANIAN GOVERNMENTAL SCENE THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL DIFFICULTIES ALEXANDRA IONASCU PhD Candidate, University of Bucharest and Université Libre de Bruxelles (CEVIPOL) [email protected] Abstract Introduction This paper aims to emphasize some theoretical and methodological difficulties The political regime change that occurred in analyzing post-communist countries in Romania after the fall of Communism through a case study concerning the elicited a process of emergence of new professionalization of governmental elites political elites and new patterns of and the development of decision-making practice in the functioning of political procedures in the cabinets of post- institutions. But new political elites do not communist Romania. Are the existing emerge ex nihilo and institutional changes theories applicable to the Romanian case? are in practice slower than the ambition of What methods can we apply in order to change. At the political level, the first capture the function of government, and phase of transition was characterized by a what are the limitations they imply? The process of diffusion of power and by a paper will show that only a research multiplying effect in the decision-making design both quantitative and qualitative in process. However, the fact that transition nature can respond to the challenges is accompanied by political raised by a post-communist country. The reconfiguration raises a valid scientific study is constructed on two main axes. question. When does the transition end? The first one concerns an analysis of the When is it possible, without the risk of 1 governmental personnel and the decision- being accused of conceptual stretching , to making process through quantitative discuss post-Communist political systems methods, and the second axis concerns the with the theoretical and methodological same analysis, but from qualitative perspective. The last section of the paper 1 Giovanni Sartori, “Bien comparer, mal presents a discussion about the research comparer”[Good comparison, Bad Comparison] , approaches, emphasizing the importance Revue Internationale de la Politique Comparée 1(April 1994) :19. One of the causes of the of a hybrid methodological research conceptual errors resides in conceptual stretching, design in order to understand the which implies a definition of the concepts which Romanian case, as an image of the reduces them to a series of conceptual notes (attributes) that do not identify it and which analysis of a transitional country. produce a great flexibility of the concept. 38 tools applied to the Western European a post-communist country. Consequently, democracies? when studying the transitional countries, localism (the proliferation of concepts This paper aims to emphasize some describing similar phenomena) can be theoretical and methodological difficulties avoided by using adequate research in analyzing post-communist countries designs and thus intermingling different through a case study concerning the levels of analysis. professionalization of governmental elites The research will focus on ministers and and the development of decision-making 3 procedures in the cabinets of post- secretaries of state as political appointees communist Romania2. It will be shown and on the mechanisms of decision- that only a hybrid research design both making in the post-communist cabinets. quantitative and qualitative in scope can The choice of these two dimensions deal with the difficulties raised by the allows us to analyze not only the coexistence and functioning of formal and professionalization process, but also the informal mechanisms that characterize the relationships created between these actors political sphere of a transitional country. at the decision-making level, because they can create and implement policies with an The end of transition in this particular 4 case would theoretically mean that the impact at the national level . Two main concept of “professionalization” (seen as reasons explain our focus on the the creation of stable political careers) and governmental level: (1) the decline of the analysis of the procedures of decision- parliaments and the process of delegation of competences towards the executive making can be explained by the existing 5 conceptual frameworks, and by the branch ; and (2) the limited magnitude of quantitative or qualitative methodological this population, their importance in the tools available. Although the decision-making procedures, and the multiplication of concepts creates the exponential dimension of the political possibility of capturing the sui generis system, created by the fact that the character of the transitions, the study function of governmental is conceived as upholds that only a hybrid research design, using both quantitative and qualitative methods, can have sufficient 3 Blondel/ Cotta The nature of party government. explanatory power to understand the 14; Alain Eraly, Le pouvoir enchaîné – Etre evolutionary process which takes place in ministre en Belgique[The chains of power – Being a Minister in Belgium], Bruxelles: Labor, 2002; Mattei Dogan , “Sociologia elitelor politice,”[The 2 In our study we employ a wider definition of the Sociology of Political Elites] in Sociologie politica. government, by including in our analysis not only Opere alese[Political Sociology], Bucureşti: the ministers but also the secretaries of state and Alternative, 1999. leaders of the state agencies (political appointees). 4Robert Putnam, The Comparative Study of See Jean Blondel and Maurizio Cotta eds., The Political Elites (New Jersey:Prentice-Hall, 1976). 6. nature of party government - A Comparative 5 Mattei Dogan, The mandarins of Western Europe. European Perspective (London:Palgrave, 2000), The Political Role of the Top Civil Servants (Sage Chap. I, Introduction. 14. Publications, 1975) 7. 39 the summit of a political career6. In the governments. Meanwhile the ten percent Romanian case, although the Constitution initiated by the MPs were concerned adopted in 1991 and its revised form mainly with marginal topics such as the (2003) established several mechanisms reconfiguration of the statute of a village allowing for equilibrium between the or of a town or ceremonies. Furthermore, legislative and the executive branches7, in there was an extended use of legislative practice an imbalanced relationship was delegation (art 114, 1991). In this way, established, favoring the executive area. since 1992 until 2005 the Romanian cabinets adopted 1581 decisions that were Looking at the ways in which the supposed to appear only in extreme cases. relationship between the Parliaments and In its turn, the Parliament never cabinets was shaped in the Romanian successfully used its forms of control, case, we can realize the extended role such as sanction over cabinets. No cabinet played by the executive power. Several has been dismissed as a result of elements suggest this situation. During the parliamentary actions. Consequently there period from 1990-2005, out of 4822 law is a certain tendency towards projects that became laws after the concentration of power at the legislative procedures were accomplished, governmental level. This transfer of power 8 (89.88%) were initiated by the towards the executive branch can be placed at the political or at the bureaucratic level. Taking into account the 6 Jean Blondel, Government Ministers in the high degree of politicization of the civil Contemporary World (London: Sage, 1986). 16 and 9 24., Jean Blondel et Maurizio Cotta eds., Party and servants in Romania , this population is to Government. An Inquiry into the Relationship be considered in consistence with the Between Governments and Supporting Parties in concept of “political bureaucracy” Liberal Democracies(London: MacMillan Press LTD,1996). 249 and 252. 7 The cabinet is responsible in front of the parliament (according to part 102 of the 1991 Constitution/part 108 of the revised constitution). 9 The politicization of high civil servants in There are also several forms of parliamentary Romania is signaled by the Support for control such as motions, interpellations or questions Improvement in Governance and Management in (art 111-112, 2003). Furthermore the Parliament Central and Eastern European Countries (SIGMA) controls the nomination of the Prime Minister and REPORTS concerning the functioning of the in certain conditions can depose a motion to dismiss Romanian administration as well as by the the government in function (art.113, 2003). While commission reports. These general reports are the role of the Parliament regards the creation of sustained by the declarations of central actors of the laws, the role of the cabinets is to conduct internal administration: chiefs of the Civil Servants Agency, and external policies and to control the central trade union leaders of the civil servants as well as administration (art.101, 2003). Nevertheless the some central administration high civil servants as Romanian legal framework stipulates that the resulted from a survey conducted during January- cabinets also beneficiate from some leverage in February 2006. For further information see order to balance the parliamentary power. Alexandra Ionascu, “The Evolution of Parties 8Data obtained as a result of centralization and Supporting Government Forms of Patronage In reconfiguration of the information provided by the Post-communist Romania”, Paper prepared for site of the Deputies Chamber. www.cdep.ro ECPR joint Sessions, (April, Nicosia, 2006). 40 developed
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Communism and Post-Communism in Romania : Challenges to Democratic Transition
    TITLE : COMMUNISM AND POST-COMMUNISM IN ROMANIA : CHALLENGES TO DEMOCRATIC TRANSITION AUTHOR : VLADIMIR TISMANEANU, University of Marylan d THE NATIONAL COUNCIL FO R EURASIAN AND EAST EUROPEAN RESEARC H TITLE VIII PROGRA M 1755 Massachusetts Avenue, N .W . Washington, D .C . 20036 LEGAL NOTICE The Government of the District of Columbia has certified an amendment of th e Articles of Incorporation of the National Council for Soviet and East European Research changing the name of the Corporation to THE NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR EURASIAN AND EAST EUROPEAN RESEARCH, effective on June 9, 1997. Grants, contracts and all other legal engagements of and with the Corporation made unde r its former name are unaffected and remain in force unless/until modified in writin g by the parties thereto . PROJECT INFORMATION : 1 CONTRACTOR : University of Marylan d PR1NCIPAL 1NVEST1GATOR : Vladimir Tismanean u COUNCIL CONTRACT NUMBER : 81 1-2 3 DATE : March 26, 1998 COPYRIGHT INFORMATIO N Individual researchers retain the copyright on their work products derived from research funded by contract with the National Council for Eurasian and East European Research . However, the Council and the United States Government have the right to duplicate an d disseminate, in written and electronic form, this Report submitted to the Council under thi s Contract, as follows : Such dissemination may be made by the Council solely (a) for its ow n internal use, and (b) to the United States Government (1) for its own internal use ; (2) for further dissemination to domestic, international and foreign governments, entities an d individuals to serve official United States Government purposes ; and (3) for dissemination i n accordance with the Freedom of Information Act or other law or policy of the United State s Government granting the public rights of access to documents held by the United State s Government.
    [Show full text]
  • Romania Redivivus
    alexander clapp ROMANIA REDIVIVUS nce the badlands of neoliberal Europe, Romania has become its bustling frontier. A post-communist mafia state that was cast to the bottom of the European heap by opinion- makers sixteen years ago is now billed as the success story Oof eu expansion.1 Its growth rate at nearly 6 per cent is the highest on the continent, albeit boosted by fiscal largesse.2 In Bucharest more politicians have been put in jail for corruption over the past decade than have been convicted in the rest of Eastern Europe put together. Romania causes Brussels and Berlin almost none of the headaches inflicted by the Visegrád Group—Czechia, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia— which in 1993 declined to accept Romania as a peer and collectively entered the European Union three years before it. Romanians con- sistently rank among the most Europhile people in the Union.3 An anti-eu party has never appeared on a Romanian ballot, much less in the parliament. Scattered political appeals to unsavoury interwar traditions—Legionnairism, Greater Romanianism—attract fewer voters than do far-right movements across most of Western Europe. The two million Magyars of Transylvania, one of Europe’s largest minorities, have become a model for inter-ethnic relations after a time when the park benches of Cluj were gilded in the Romanian tricolore to remind every- one where they were. Indeed, perhaps the aptest symbol of Romania’s place in Europe today is the man who sits in the Presidential Palace of Cotroceni in Bucharest. Klaus Iohannis—a former physics teacher at a high school in Sibiu, once Hermannstadt—is an ethnic German head- ing a state that, a generation ago, was shipping hundreds of thousands of its ‘Saxons’ ‘back’ to Bonn at 4,000–10,000 Deutschmarks a head.
    [Show full text]
  • RADU Vaslle Amintirile Unui Prim-Ministru RADU VASILE. Născut La 10 Octombrie 1942, La Sibiu. Absolvent Al Facultătii De Istor
    RADU VASlLE Amintirile unui prim-ministru RADU VASILE. Nãscut la 10 octombrie 1942, la Sibiu. Absolvent al Facultãtii de Istorie, Universitatea Bucuresti —1967; Doctor în stiinte economice —1977; Profesor universitar la ASE —1993; Prim-ministru al României: 1998-1999. Autor a numeroase lucrãri în domeniul istoriei economiei; autor al romanului Fabricius si al volumelor de poezii Pacientul român si Echilibru în toate. Doresc sã multumesc cîtorva persoane fãrã de care aceastã carte nu ar fi existat. Lui Sorin Lavric, redactorul acestor pagini, care m-a ajutat sãpun în formã finalã experienta acestor ultimi 12 ani din viata mea, cu tot alaiul degîn-duri si sentimente care i-a însotit. Gabrielei Stoica, fosta mea consilierã, care m-a ajutat sã refac traseul sinuos al evenimentelor pe care le-am trãit. Dedic aceastã carte mamei, sotiei si copiilor mei, a cãror dragoste a fost si este adevãrata mea putere. CUVÎNT ÎNAINTE M-am întrebat deseori de unde nevoia politicienilor de a-si pune pe hîrtie amintirile fãrã sã se întrebe mai întîi dacã gestul lor serveste cuiva sau la ceva. Pornirea de a scrie despre orice si oricine, si de a te plasa în centrul unor evenimente doar pentru cã ai avut ocazia, în cursul lor, sã faci politicã la vîrf ascunde o tendintã exhibitionistã a cãrei justificare e de cãutat în cutele insesizabile ale vanitãtii umane. Trufia celor care, scriind, îsi închipuie cã de mãrturisirile lor poate atîr-na mãcar o parte infimã din soarta politicii românesti de dupã ei tine de o iluzie strãveche, adînc înrãdãcinatã, aceea cã descriind rãul petrecut, îi poti micsora consecintele chiar si dupã ce el s-a întîmplat; sau cã mãcar îl poti preveni pe cel care urmeazã sã se întîm-ple.
    [Show full text]
  • Absurdistan Refacut Cu Headere Ultimul.P65
    Dorin Tudoran (n. 30 iunie 1945, Timi[oara). Absolvent al Facult\]ii de Limb\ [i Literatur\ Român\ a Universit\]ii din Bucure[ti, pro- mo]ia 1968. Este Senior Director, pentru Comunicare [i Cercetare, membru al conducerii executive a Funda]iei Interna]ionale IFES, Washington D.C., Statele Unite, [i redactor-[ef al revistei democracy at large. C\r]i de poezie: Mic tratat de glorie (1973), C`ntec de trecut Akheronul (1975), O zi `n natur\ (1977), Uneori, plutirea (1977), Respira]ie artificial\ (1978), Pasaj de pietoni (1978), Semne particulare (antologie, 1979), De bun\ voie, autobiografia mea (1986), Ultimul turnir (antologie, 1992), Optional Future (1988), Viitorul Facultativ/Optional Future (1999), T`n\rul Ulise (antologie, 2000). C\r]i de publicistic\: Martori oculari (`n colaborare cu Eugen Seceleanu, 1976), Biografia debuturilor (1978), Nostalgii intacte (1982), Adaptarea la realitate (1982), Frost or Fear? On the Condition of the Romanian Intelectual (traducere [i prefa]\ de Vladimir Tism\neanu, 1988), Onoarea de a `n]elege (antologie, 1998), Kakistokra]ia (1998). Pentru unele dintre c\r]ile sale, autorul a primit Premiul Uniunii Scriitorilor (1973, 1977, 1998), Marele Premiu al Asocia]iilor Scriitorilor Profesioni[ti ASPRO (1998), Premiul Uniunii Scriitorilor din Republica Moldova (1998), Premiul revistei Cuv`ntul Superlativele anului (1998). I s-a decernat un Premiu Special al Uniunii Scriitorilor (1992) [i este laureatul Premiului ALA pe anul 2001. www.polirom.ro © 2006 by Editura POLIROM Editura POLIROM Ia[i, B-dul Carol I nr. 4, P.O. BOX 266, 700506 Bucure[ti, B-dul I.C. Br\tianu nr. 6, et.
    [Show full text]
  • Din Nou Slujbe Religioase În Aer Liber Veteranii De Razboi
    România şi-a respectat angajamentele internaţionale Calendar 1 9 9 9 -O - militare indiferent de dificultăţile interne < S D s E > îes BapiEsSa 8 m jelg Ha 50, iele începînd cu * la ieri, I ianuarie îiie TARIFELE b/ic '999 PENTRU bonamentul i ziarul SERVICIILE Adevărul z i a r m dependen t TELEFONICE je Cluj* (începînd cu iste LUNI, ANUL IX NR. 2 468 28 DECEMBRIE 1S S 8 1 ianuarie 1999) 20.000 lei (http://www.dntaj.ro/adevarutf ISSN 1220-3203 16 PAGINI 1 .0 0 0 LEI i a S60SH13 C o lin d u l b e lş u g u lu i VALER CHIOREANU C ' u siguranţă, anul 1998 a fost unul foarte greu pentru PNŢCD. Nu neapărat pentru faptul că aflîndu-se în a m a r _ fruntea unei coaliţii zguduite periodic de seisme Aţi trăit cu impresia câ sărbătoarea mai mult sau mai puţin importante, a fost nevoit sâ poarte Crăciunului a fost mai ştearsă anul acesta? tratative îndelungate, uneori istovitoare, cu aliaţii. De regulă, Că petrecerea n-a mai avut vibraţia specială politicienii aflaţi în fruntea bucatelor se înţeleg între ei. M ai de altădată? Dacă da, atunci aţi rezonat cu lasă unul, mai lasă celălalt şi, la capătul unor şedinţe unde cei nouă jurnalişti clujeni care au plecat cu se schimbă replici nu întotdeauna prieteneşti, sfîrşesc prin colindul în Ziua de Crăciun. a se pupa şi ies în faţa poporului strîngîndu-şi mîinile şi Nouă ziarişti obişnuiţi să petreacă în felicitîndu-se că au izbutit să depăşească momentul c ritic.
    [Show full text]
  • Post-Communist Romania: a Peculiar Case of Divided
    www.ssoar.info Post-communist Romania: a peculiar case of divided government Manolache, Cristina Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Zeitschriftenartikel / journal article Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Manolache, C. (2013). Post-communist Romania: a peculiar case of divided government. Studia Politica: Romanian Political Science Review, 13(3), 427-440. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-448327 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer CC BY-NC-ND Lizenz This document is made available under a CC BY-NC-ND Licence (Namensnennung-Nicht-kommerziell-Keine Bearbeitung) zur (Attribution-Non Comercial-NoDerivatives). For more Information Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu den CC-Lizenzen finden see: Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.de Post-Communist Romania 427 Post-Communist Romania A Peculiar Case of Divided Government CRISTINA MANOLACHE If for the most part of its post-communist history, Romania experienced a form of unified government based on political coalitions and alliances which resulted in conflictual relations between the executive and the legislative and even among the dualist executive itself, it should come as no surprise that the periods of divided government are marked by strong confrontations which have culminated with two failed suspension attempts. The main form of divided government in Romania is that of cohabitation, and it has been experienced only twice, for a brief period of time: in 2007-2008 under Prime-Minister Călin Popescu Tăriceanu of the National Liberal Party and again, starting May 2012, under Prime Minister Victor Ponta of the Social Democratic Party.
    [Show full text]
  • Endc Proceedings 12/2009
    ENDC PROCEEDINGS 12/2009 ■ ENGLISH SUMMARIES 3 ESTONIAN NATIONAL DEFENCE COLLEGE CULTURAL, PEACE AND CONFLICT STUDIES SERIES ■ SERIES EDITORS: ANDRES SAUMETS AND ALAR KILP VOLUME 1: RELIGION AND POLITICS IN MULTICULTURAL EUROPE: PERSPECTIVES AND CHALLENGES Alar Kilp and Andres Saumets Proceedings 12/2009 EXECUTIVE EDITOR: Andres Saumets (Estonia) EDITORIAL BOARD: Ken Kalling (Estonia) Alar Kilp (Estonia) Peeter Kukk (Estonia) Rain Liivoja (Finland) Enno Mõts (Estonia) Erik Männik (Estonia) Andreas Pawlas (Germany) Claus Freiherr von Rosen (Germany) Volker Stümke (Germany) LANGUAGE EDITORS: Reet Hendrikson (Estonia) Karen Kuldnokk (Estonia) Epp Leete (Estonia) Roy Lowthian (United Kingdom) EDITORIAL COUNCIL: Aarne Ermus (Estonia) Wilfried Gerhard (Germany) Rudolf Hamann (Germany) Jakob Kübarsepp (Estonia) Ants Laaneots (Estonia) Raul Mälk (Estonia) Ago Pajur (Estonia) Eric Allan Sibul (USA) Villu Tamul (Estonia) Peeter Tulviste (Estonia) Matti Turtola (Finland) ISSN 1736–0242 ISBN 978–9985–9513–7–8 Copyright: Estonian National Defence College, 2009 Tartu University Press www.tyk.ee CONTENTS ■ FOREWORD ............................................................................................ 9 RELIGION AND POLITICS IN MULTICULTURAL EUROPE Alar Kilp and Andres Saumets ................................................................ 13 1. Theoretical Considerations .................................................................. 18 1.1. Culture .........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Behavioural Dynamics of Romania's Foreign Policy In
    THE BEHAVIOURAL DYNAMICS OF ROMANIA’S FOREIGN POLICY IN THE LATE 1990s: THE DRIVE FOR SECURITY AND THE POLITICS OF VOLUNTARY SERVITUDE Eduard Rudolf ROTH Abstract. This article investigates the nature, the magnitude and the impact of the exogenously articulated preferences in the articulation of Romania’s foreign policy agenda and behavioural dynamics during the period 1996-2000. In this context, the manuscript will explore Romania’s NATO and (to a lesser extent) EU accession bids, within an analytical framework defined by an overlapped interplay of heterochthonous influences, while trying to set out for further understanding how domestic preferences can act as a transmission belt and impact on foreign policy change in small and medium states. Keywords: Romanian foreign policy, NATO enlargement, EU enlargement, Russian-Romanian relations, Romanian-NATO relations, Romania-EU relations 1. Introduction By 1995 – with the last stages of the first Yugoslav crisis confirming that Moscow cannot adequately get involved into complex security equations – and fearing the possible creation of a grey area between Russia and Western Europe, Romanian authorities embarked the country on a genuinely pro-Western path, putting a de facto end to the dual foreign policy focus, “ambivalent policy”,1 “double speak”2 or “politics of ambiguity” 3 which dominated Bucharest’s’ diplomatic exercise throughout the early 1990s. This spectral shift (which arguably occurred shortly after Romanian President Iliescu’s visit in Washington) wasn’t however the result of a newly-found democratic vocation of the indigenous government, but rather an expression of the conviction that such behaviour could help the indigenous administration in its attempts to secure the macro-stabilization of the country’s unreformed economy and to acquire security guarantees in order to mitigate the effects of the political and geographical pressures generated by the Transdniestrian and Yugoslav conflicts, or by the allegedly irredentist undertones of Budapest’s foreign policy praxis.
    [Show full text]
  • Legislative Inflation – an Important Cause of the Dysfunctions Existing in Contemporary Public Administration
    Legislative inflation – an important cause of the dysfunctions existing in contemporary public administration Professor Mihai BĂDESCU1 Abstract The study analyzes one of the major causes of the malfunctions currently in public administration: legislative inflation. Legislative inflation (or normative excess) should be seen as an unnatural multiplication of the norms of law, with negative consequences both for the elaboration of the normative legal act, the diminution – significant in some cases – of its quality, but also with regard to the realization of the law, especially in the enforcement of the rules of law by the competent public administration entities. The study proposes solutions to overcome these legislative dysfunctions, the most important of which refer to the rethinking of the current regulatory framework, the legislative simplification, the improvement of the quality of the law-making process, especially by complying with the legislative requirements (principles), increasing the role of the Legislative Council. The methods of scientific research used are adapted to the objectives of the study: the logical method - consisting of specific procedures and methodological and gnoseological operations, to identify the structure and dynamics of the legal system of contemporary society; the comparative method – which allows comparisons of the various legal systems presented in this study; the sociological method – which offers a new perspective on the study of the legal reality that influences society in the same way as it calls for the emergence of new legal norms; the statistical method – which allows statistical presentation of the most relevant data that configures the analyzed phenomenon. The study aims to raise awareness of the negative effects of regulatory excess.
    [Show full text]
  • Political Ideology and Fiscal Policy. the Case of Romania
    POLITICAL IDEOLOGY AND FISCAL POLICY. THE CASE OF ROMANIA Tudor CIUMARA, PhD* Abstract The main question asked in this paper regards the possible influence of political ideology on the fiscal policy measures proposed and implemented by the Romanian government. We observe the political affiliation of the ministers of finance and the positioning of their parties on the left-right axis. We find there is a certain equilibrium in terms of the duration the Ministry of Finance portfolio was occupied by a representative of the centre-left versus centre-right parties. The analysis of the influence of ideology on policy is complicated by external facts such as political, social and economic context. Keywords: government, finance, political party JEL Classification: D72, E62, G18 The easiest way of segmenting the political spectrum is to use the left-right axis. A preferred field of displaying the ideological orientation of the politicians is the economic one, largely the fiscal area. Normally, we can expect a “left-wing” government to be more interventionist, to promote a fiscal policy relying on larger deficits, while the “right-wing” government is expected to promote a policy of state withdrawal from the economy and to reduce the budget deficits. Theoretically, the left-wing governments might be expected to direct their fiscal policy in a counter-cyclical manner, more restrictive during the periods with low unemployment rates, and in a stimulative manner during the periods with high unemployment rates. Similarly, the right- wing governments might be inclined towards a pro-cyclical approach, in which the fiscal policy stimulates during the periods of boom and restricts during the periods of crisis.
    [Show full text]
  • Programme Energy Union – Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Energy in Central and South East Europe
    In cooperation with With the support of Programme Energy Union – Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Energy in Central and South East Europe Romania ENERGY DAY 2015 At the European Parliament in Brussels Date: Tuesday 26 May 2015: 10:00 – 15:30 Venue: European Parliament, Rue Wiertz, B-1000 Brussels, Entrance 10 – JAN, Room 6Q1 (a.m.) and 3G3 (p.m.) Mesaje de deschidere la 10:00 Opening messages at 10:00 HIGH LEVEL OPENING KEYNOTES 9:30 – 10:00 Welcome Coffee Bun Venit si Introducere Welcome and Introduction Corneliu BODEA Corneliu BODEA Presedinte President Centrul Roman al Energiei Romanian Energy Center Theodor STOLOJAN Theodor STOLOJAN Comitetul Economic si Afaceri Monetare Committee on Economic and Monetary Affair Parlamentul European European Parliament Jerzy BUZEK Jerzy BUZEK - Video Presentation Comitetul pentru Industrie, Cercetare si Energie Committee on Industry, Research & Energy Parlamentul European European Parliament Victor NEGRESCU Victor NEGRESCU Comitetul Pentru Bugete Committee on Budgets Parlamentul European European Parliament E.S. Dl. Mihnea Ioan MOTOC H.E. Mr. Mihnea Ioan MOTOC Ambasador Extraordinar si Plenipotentiar, Reprezentanta Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, Permanent Permanenta a Romaniei pe langa Uniunea Europeana Representative of Romania to the European Union Reprezentant al Cabinetului Maroš ŠEFČOVIČ Representing the Cabinet of Maroš ŠEFČOVIČ Vicepresedinte Energy Union Vicepresident Energy Union Comisia Europeana European Commission Catharina SIKOW-MAGNY Catharina SIKOW-MAGNY Sef de Unitate Head of Unit DGE Piata Interna I: Retele si Initiative Regionale EDG Energy Internal Market I: Networks and Regional initiatives Comisia Europeana European Commission Dan GHEORGHIU Dan GHEORGHIU Consilier Energie Senior Adviser on Energy Cabinetul Primimului Ministru Victor PONTA Cabinet of Prime Minister Victor PONTA Guvernul Romaniei Government of Romania Romanian Energy Center – CRE • Rue Montoyer 23 • B-1050 Bruxelles•www.crenerg.org Centrul Român al Energiei – CRE • Str.
    [Show full text]
  • Monitorul Oficial Partea I
    PARTEA I Anul IX Ñ Nr. 167 LEGI, DECRETE, HOTÃRÂRI ªI ALTE ACTE Miercuri, 23 iulie 1997 SUMAR Nr. Pagina Nr. Pagina HOTÃRÂRI ALE GUVERNULUI ROMÂNIEI 373. Ñ Hotãrâre privind înfiinþarea Cãminului pentru 361. Ñ Hotãrâre privind eliberarea din funcþia de pre- Pensionari Alba Iulia ................................................. 11Ð12 fect al judeþului Sibiu................................................ 2 378. Ñ Hotãrâre pentru aprobarea Acordului dintre 362. Ñ Hotãrâre privind unele imobile cu destinaþia de Ministerul Sãnãtãþii din România ºi Ministerul reºedinþe oficiale........................................................ 2 Bunãstãrii din Republica Ungarã privind coopera- 363. Ñ Hotãrâre privind numirea unui consul general ...... 3 rea în domeniul sãnãtãþii ºi ºtiinþelor medicale, 364. Ñ Hotãrâre privind transmiterea unui teren din admi- semnat la Budapesta la 26 martie 1997 ................ 12 nistrarea Centrului de Cercetãri pentru Protecþia 379. Ñ Hotãrâre privind transmiterea unui imobil, pro- Plantelor în administrarea Regiei Autonome prietate publicã a statului, situat în judeþul Giurgiu, ”Administraþia Românã a Serviciilor de Trafic AerianÒ Ñ ROMATSA............................................... 3 în administrarea Regiei Autonome ”Apele RomâneÒ 12Ð13 365. Ñ Hotãrâre privind aprobarea Normelor Ministerului 380. Ñ Hotãrâre privind aprobarea indicatorilor tehnico- Muncii ºi Protecþiei Sociale de aplicare a prevede- economici ai obiectivului de investiþii ”Înfiinþarea dis- rilor Legii nr. 86/1997 pentru modificarea ºi com- tribuþiei de gaze naturale în comuna Mãrgineni, pletarea Legii nr. 3/1977 privind pensiile de asigurãri judeþul BacãuÒ............................................................ 13 sociale de stat ºi asistenþa socialã ......................... 4Ð5 366. Ñ Hotãrâre privind aprobarea unui amendament la ACTE ALE ORGANELOR DE SPECIALITATE Acordul de împrumut dintre România ºi Banca ALE ADMINISTRAÞIEI PUBLICE CENTRALE Internaþionalã pentru Reconstrucþie ºi Dezvoltare, încheiat la 7 octombrie 1991 la Washington.......... 5 470.
    [Show full text]