US EPA, Pesticide Product Label, A335.06,09/21/2020
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PPO2 Mutations in Amaranthus Palmeri:Implications on Cross-Resistance
agriculture Article PPO2 Mutations in Amaranthus palmeri: Implications on Cross-Resistance Pâmela Carvalho-Moore 1,2 , Gulab Rangani 1, James Heiser 3, Douglas Findley 4, Steven J. Bowe 4 and Nilda Roma-Burgos 1,* 1 Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA; [email protected] (P.C.-M.); [email protected] (G.R.) 2 Former Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA 3 Fisher Delta Research Center, College of Agriculture, University of Missouri, Portageville, MO 63873, USA; [email protected] 4 BASF Corporation, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; douglas.fi[email protected] (D.F.); [email protected] (S.J.B.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: In Arkansas, resistance to protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO)-inhibiting herbicides in Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats. is mainly due to target site mutations. Although A. palmeri PPO-mutations are well investigated, the cross-resistance that each ppo mutant endows to weed populations is not yet well understood. We aimed to evaluate the response of PPO-resistant A. palmeri accessions, harboring the ppo2 mutations DG210 and G399A, to multiple PPO-inhibiting herbicides. Six resistant and one susceptible field accessions were subjected to a dose–response assay with fomesafen, and selected survivors from different fomesafen doses were genotyped to characterize the mutation profile. The level of resistance to fomesafen was determined and a cross-resistance assay was conducted with 1 Citation: Carvalho-Moore, P.; and 2 times the labeled doses of selected PPO herbicides. The accession with higher predicted dose Rangani, G.; Heiser, J.; Findley, D.; to control 50% of the population (ED50) had a higher frequency of DG210-homozygous survivors. -
Herbicide Mode of Action Table High Resistance Risk
Herbicide Mode of Action Table High resistance risk Chemical family Active constituent (first registered trade name) GROUP 1 Inhibition of acetyl co-enzyme A carboxylase (ACC’ase inhibitors) clodinafop (Topik®), cyhalofop (Agixa®*, Barnstorm®), diclofop (Cheetah® Gold* Decision®*, Hoegrass®), Aryloxyphenoxy- fenoxaprop (Cheetah®, Gold*, Wildcat®), fluazifop propionates (FOPs) (Fusilade®), haloxyfop (Verdict®), propaquizafop (Shogun®), quizalofop (Targa®) Cyclohexanediones (DIMs) butroxydim (Factor®*), clethodim (Select®), profoxydim (Aura®), sethoxydim (Cheetah® Gold*, Decision®*), tralkoxydim (Achieve®) Phenylpyrazoles (DENs) pinoxaden (Axial®) GROUP 2 Inhibition of acetolactate synthase (ALS inhibitors), acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) Imidazolinones (IMIs) imazamox (Intervix®*, Raptor®), imazapic (Bobcat I-Maxx®*, Flame®, Midas®*, OnDuty®*), imazapyr (Arsenal Xpress®*, Intervix®*, Lightning®*, Midas®* OnDuty®*), imazethapyr (Lightning®*, Spinnaker®) Pyrimidinyl–thio- bispyribac (Nominee®), pyrithiobac (Staple®) benzoates Sulfonylureas (SUs) azimsulfuron (Gulliver®), bensulfuron (Londax®), chlorsulfuron (Glean®), ethoxysulfuron (Hero®), foramsulfuron (Tribute®), halosulfuron (Sempra®), iodosulfuron (Hussar®), mesosulfuron (Atlantis®), metsulfuron (Ally®, Harmony®* M, Stinger®*, Trounce®*, Ultimate Brushweed®* Herbicide), prosulfuron (Casper®*), rimsulfuron (Titus®), sulfometuron (Oust®, Eucmix Pre Plant®*, Trimac Plus®*), sulfosulfuron (Monza®), thifensulfuron (Harmony®* M), triasulfuron (Logran®, Logran® B-Power®*), tribenuron (Express®), -
Weed Control in Direct-Seeded Field Pea Gregory J
Weed Control in Direct-seeded Field Pea Gregory J. Endres and Blaine G. Schatz Weed control and field pea response to selected soil- and POST-applied herbicides were evaluated in a randomized complete-block design with three replicates. The experiment was conducted on a Heimdahl loam soil with 6.7 pH and 2.9% organic matter at the NDSU Carrington Research Extension Center. Herbicide treatments were applied to 5- by 25-ft plots with a pressurized hand-held plot sprayer at 17 gal/A and 30 psi through 8002 flat-fan nozzles. Fall sulfentrazone treatments were applied October 25, 2004 to a moist soil surface with 47 F, 71% RH, 15% clear sky, and 11 mph wind. On April 28, 2005, inoculated 'Integra' field pea was seeded into standing wheat stubble in 7-inch rows at a rate of 300,000 pure live seeds/A. PRE treatments were applied to a dry soil surface on April 30 with 31 F, 64% RH, 30% clear sky, and 10 mph wind. Rainfall totaled 1.22 inches 8 d following PRE application. The trial area was treated on May 6 with a PRE burn-down application of glyphosate at 0.75 lb ae/A plus ammonium sulfate at 1% v/v. The early POST (EPOST) treatment was applied on May 23 with 73 F, 35% RH, 100% cloudy sky, and 6 mph wind to 2-inch tall field pea, 1- to 2-leaf green and yellow foxtail, 0.5-inch tall common lambsquarters, 0.5-inch tall prostrate and redroot pigweed, and 0.5-inch tall wild buckwheat. -
INDEX to PESTICIDE TYPES and FAMILIES and PART 180 TOLERANCE INFORMATION of PESTICIDE CHEMICALS in FOOD and FEED COMMODITIES
US Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs INDEX to PESTICIDE TYPES and FAMILIES and PART 180 TOLERANCE INFORMATION of PESTICIDE CHEMICALS in FOOD and FEED COMMODITIES Note: Pesticide tolerance information is updated in the Code of Federal Regulations on a weekly basis. EPA plans to update these indexes biannually. These indexes are current as of the date indicated in the pdf file. For the latest information on pesticide tolerances, please check the electronic Code of Federal Regulations (eCFR) at http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/waisidx_07/40cfrv23_07.html 1 40 CFR Type Family Common name CAS Number PC code 180.163 Acaricide bridged diphenyl Dicofol (1,1-Bis(chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethanol) 115-32-2 10501 180.198 Acaricide phosphonate Trichlorfon 52-68-6 57901 180.259 Acaricide sulfite ester Propargite 2312-35-8 97601 180.446 Acaricide tetrazine Clofentezine 74115-24-5 125501 180.448 Acaricide thiazolidine Hexythiazox 78587-05-0 128849 180.517 Acaricide phenylpyrazole Fipronil 120068-37-3 129121 180.566 Acaricide pyrazole Fenpyroximate 134098-61-6 129131 180.572 Acaricide carbazate Bifenazate 149877-41-8 586 180.593 Acaricide unclassified Etoxazole 153233-91-1 107091 180.599 Acaricide unclassified Acequinocyl 57960-19-7 6329 180.341 Acaricide, fungicide dinitrophenol Dinocap (2, 4-Dinitro-6-octylphenyl crotonate and 2,6-dinitro-4- 39300-45-3 36001 octylphenyl crotonate} 180.111 Acaricide, insecticide organophosphorus Malathion 121-75-5 57701 180.182 Acaricide, insecticide cyclodiene Endosulfan 115-29-7 79401 -
RR Program's RCL Spreadsheet Update
RR Program’s RCL Spreadsheet Update March 2017 RR Program RCL Spreadsheet Update DNR-RR-052e The Wisconsin DNR Remediation and Redevelopment Program (RR) has updated the numerical soil standards in the August 2015 DNR-RR- 052b RR spreadsheet of residual contaminant levels (RCLs). The RCLs were determined using the U.S. EPA RSL web- calculator by accepting EPA exposure defaults, with the exception of using Chicago, IL, for the climatic zone. This documentThe U.S. provides EPA updateda summary its Regionalof changes Screening to the direct-contact Level (RSL) RCLs website (DC-RCLs) in June that2015. are To now reflect in the that March 2017 spreadsheet.update, the The Wisconsin last page ofDNR this updated document the has numerical the EPA exposuresoil standards, parameter or residual values usedcontaminant in the RCL levels calculations. (RCLs), in the Remediation and Redevelopment program’s spreadsheet of RCLs. This document The providesU.S. EPA a RSL summary web-calculator of the updates has been incorporated recently updated in the Julyso that 2015 the spreadsheet.most up-to-date There toxicity were values no changes for chemi - cals madewere certainlyto the groundwater used in the RCLs,RCL calculations. but there are However, many changes it is important in the industrial to note that and the non-industrial web-calculator direct is only a subpartcontact of the (DC) full RCLsEPA RSL worksheets. webpage, Tables and that 1 andthe other 2 of thissubparts document that will summarize have important the DC-RCL explanatory changes text, generic tablesfrom and the references previous have spreadsheet yet to be (Januaryupdated. -
Acetylcholinesterase — New Roles for Gate a Relatively Long Distance to Reach the Active Site, Ache Is One of the Fastest an Old Actor Enzymes14
PERSPECTIVES be answered regarding AChE catalysis; for OPINION example, the mechanism behind the extremely fast turnover rate of the enzyme. Despite the fact that the substrate has to navi- Acetylcholinesterase — new roles for gate a relatively long distance to reach the active site, AChE is one of the fastest an old actor enzymes14. One theory to explain this phe- nomenon has to do with the unusually strong electric field of AChE. It has been argued that Hermona Soreq and Shlomo Seidman this field assists catalysis by attracting the cationic substrate and expelling the anionic The discovery of the first neurotransmitter — understanding of AChE functions beyond the acetate product15. Site-directed mutagenesis, acetylcholine — was soon followed by the classical view and suggest the molecular basis however, has indicated that reducing the elec- discovery of its hydrolysing enzyme, for its functional heterogeneity. tric field has no effect on catalysis16.However, acetylcholinesterase. The role of the same approach has indicated an effect on acetylcholinesterase in terminating From early to recent discoveries the rate of association of fasciculin, a peptide acetylcholine-mediated neurotransmission The unique biochemical properties and phys- that can inhibit AChE17. made it the focus of intense research for iological significance of AChE make it an much of the past century. But the complexity interesting target for detailed structure–func- of acetylcholinesterase gene regulation and tion analysis. AChE-coding sequences have recent evidence for some of the long- been cloned so far from a range of evolution- a Peripheral Choline binding site suspected ‘non-classical’ actions of this arily diverse vertebrate and invertebrate binding enzyme have more recently driven a species that include insects, nematodes, fish, site profound revolution in acetylcholinesterase reptiles, birds and several mammals, among Active site research. -
Green Mamba Peptide Targets Type-2 Vasopressin Receptor Against Polycystic Kidney Disease
Green mamba peptide targets type-2 vasopressin receptor against polycystic kidney disease Justyna Cioleka,1, Helen Reinfrankb,1,2, Lo¨ıc Quintonc, Say Viengchareund, Enrico A. Sturaa, Laura Veraa,3, Sabrina Sigismeaua, Bernard Mouillace,Hel´ ene` Orcele, Steve Peigneurf, Jan Tytgatf, Laura Droctove´ a, Fabrice Beaua, Jerome Nevouxd, Marc Lombes` d, Gilles Mouriera, Edwin De Pauwc, Denis Serventa, Christiane Mendree,4, Ralph Witzgallb,4, and Nicolas Gillesa,4 aService d’Ingenierie´ Moleculaire´ des Proteines,´ Institut des Sciences du Vivant Fred´ eric´ Joliot, Commissariat a` l’Energie Atomique, Universite´ Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France; bInstitute for Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; cLaboratoire de Spectrometrie´ de Masse, Unite´ de Recherche Molecular Systems, Universite´ de Liege,` Liege` 4000, Belgium; dINSERM U1185, Universite´ Paris Sud, Universite´ Paris-Saclay, F-94276, Le Kremlin-Bicetre,ˆ France; eInstitut de Genomique´ Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, Universite´ Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France; and fLaboratory of Toxicology, University of Leuven, Leuven B-3000, Belgium Edited by David W. Russell, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, and approved April 13, 2017 (received for review December 17, 2016) Polycystic kidney diseases (PKDs) are genetic disorders that can therapeutic approach, the use of V2R antagonists has certain cause renal failure and death in children and adults. Lowering advantages (7, 8). Most renal ADPKD cysts develop within the cAMP in cystic tissues through the inhibition of the type-2 vaso- vasopressin-sensitive tubular parts of the nephron, where vaso- pressin receptor (V2R) constitutes a validated strategy to reduce pressin is also the main hormonal regulator of adenylyl cyclase disease progression. -
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Hallucinogens And Dissociative Drug Use And Addiction Introduction Hallucinogens are a diverse group of drugs that cause alterations in perception, thought, or mood. This heterogeneous group has compounds with different chemical structures, different mechanisms of action, and different adverse effects. Despite their description, most hallucinogens do not consistently cause hallucinations. The drugs are more likely to cause changes in mood or in thought than actual hallucinations. Hallucinogenic substances that form naturally have been used worldwide for millennia to induce altered states for religious or spiritual purposes. While these practices still exist, the more common use of hallucinogens today involves the recreational use of synthetic hallucinogens. Hallucinogen And Dissociative Drug Toxicity Hallucinogens comprise a collection of compounds that are used to induce hallucinations or alterations of consciousness. Hallucinogens are drugs that cause alteration of visual, auditory, or tactile perceptions; they are also referred to as a class of drugs that cause alteration of thought and emotion. Hallucinogens disrupt a person’s ability to think and communicate effectively. Hallucinations are defined as false sensations that have no basis in reality: The sensory experience is not actually there. The term “hallucinogen” is slightly misleading because hallucinogens do not consistently cause hallucinations. 1 ce4less.com ce4less.com ce4less.com ce4less.com ce4less.com ce4less.com ce4less.com How hallucinogens cause alterations in a person’s sensory experience is not entirely understood. Hallucinogens work, at least in part, by disrupting communication between neurotransmitter systems throughout the body including those that regulate sleep, hunger, sexual behavior and muscle control. Patients under the influence of hallucinogens may show a wide range of unusual and often sudden, volatile behaviors with the potential to rapidly fluctuate from a relaxed, euphoric state to one of extreme agitation and aggression. -
AP-42, CH 9.2.2: Pesticide Application
9.2.2PesticideApplication 9.2.2.1General1-2 Pesticidesaresubstancesormixturesusedtocontrolplantandanimallifeforthepurposesof increasingandimprovingagriculturalproduction,protectingpublichealthfrompest-bornediseaseand discomfort,reducingpropertydamagecausedbypests,andimprovingtheaestheticqualityofoutdoor orindoorsurroundings.Pesticidesareusedwidelyinagriculture,byhomeowners,byindustry,andby governmentagencies.Thelargestusageofchemicalswithpesticidalactivity,byweightof"active ingredient"(AI),isinagriculture.Agriculturalpesticidesareusedforcost-effectivecontrolofweeds, insects,mites,fungi,nematodes,andotherthreatstotheyield,quality,orsafetyoffood.Theannual U.S.usageofpesticideAIs(i.e.,insecticides,herbicides,andfungicides)isover800millionpounds. AiremissionsfrompesticideusearisebecauseofthevolatilenatureofmanyAIs,solvents, andotheradditivesusedinformulations,andofthedustynatureofsomeformulations.Mostmodern pesticidesareorganiccompounds.EmissionscanresultdirectlyduringapplicationorastheAIor solventvolatilizesovertimefromsoilandvegetation.Thisdiscussionwillfocusonemissionfactors forvolatilization.Thereareinsufficientdataavailableonparticulateemissionstopermitemission factordevelopment. 9.2.2.2ProcessDescription3-6 ApplicationMethods- Pesticideapplicationmethodsvaryaccordingtothetargetpestandtothecroporothervalue tobeprotected.Insomecases,thepesticideisapplieddirectlytothepest,andinotherstothehost plant.Instillothers,itisusedonthesoilorinanenclosedairspace.Pesticidemanufacturershave developedvariousformulationsofAIstomeetboththepestcontrolneedsandthepreferred -
CLARC Excerpt
Washington State Department of Ecology - CLARC Air Table (Methods B and C) - February 2021 February 2021 S S CPFi S CPFo S Air Air RfC o RfDi o Inhalation RfDo o Oral o Air Air Method C Method C Inhalation u Inhalation IUR u Cancer Oral u Cancer u Method B Method B Noncancer Cancer Reference Reference Inhalation Potency Reference Potency Noncancer Cancer (Eq. 750-1 (Eq. 750-2 Chemical Data Links to r r r r Concentration c Dose Unit Risk c Factor Dose c Factor c (Eq. 750-1) (Eq. 750-2) adjusted) adjusted) 3 3 -1 CAS No. Group Chemical Name Important Notes (mg/m ) e (mg/kg-day) (µg/m ) e (kg-day/mg) (mg/kg-day) e (kg-day/mg) e (µg/m³) (µg/m³) (µg/m³) (µg/m³) 83-32-9 PAHs acenaphthene 6.00E-02 I 30560-19-1 Pesticides acephate 1.20E-03 O 75-07-0 VOCs acetaldehyde 9.00E-03 I 2.57E-03 2.20E-06 I 7.70E-03 4.10E+00 1.10E+00 9.00E+00 1.10E+01 34256-82-1 Pesticides acetochlor 2.00E-02 I 67-64-1 VOCs acetone 3.10E+01 A 8.86E+00 9.00E-01 I 1.40E+04 3.10E+04 75-86-5 VOCs acetone cyanohydrin 2.00E-03 X 5.71E-04 9.10E-01 2.00E+00 75-05-8 VOCs acetonitrile 6.00E-02 I 1.71E-02 2.70E+01 6.00E+01 98-86-2 SVOCs acetophenone 1.00E-01 I 62476-59-9 Herbicides acifluorfen, sodium 1.30E-02 I 107-02-8 VOCs acrolein 2.00E-05 I 5.71E-06 5.00E-04 I 9.10E-03 2.00E-02 79-06-1 VOCs acrylamide 6.00E-03 I 1.71E-03 1.00E-04 I-M 3.50E-01 2.00E-03 I 5.00E-01 I-M 2.70E+00 6.60E-03 6.00E+00 2.50E-01 79-10-7 VOCs acrylic acid 1.00E-03 I 2.86E-04 5.00E-01 I 4.60E-01 1.00E+00 107-13-1 VOCs acrylonitrile 2.00E-03 I 5.71E-04 6.80E-05 I 2.38E-01 4.00E-02 A 5.40E-01 I 9.10E-01 3.70E-02 -
Snap-On Industrial April 23, 1014 Page 1 Item Number Description
Snap-on Industrial April 23, 1014 Unit of Item Number Description Net Price Measure 00000072E00 TURNTABLE VTA 1 SET 2 PC 550.27 Each 00000096000 DEPRESSOR ASSY-PEDAL 35.37 Each 00000129000 ALIGNMENT WHEEL STANDS 1309.19 Each 00001260000 TURNTABLE TRUCK 1 SET OF 2 1210.66 Each 00006310000 CONE-ADAPT. SET CAN USE 110612 300.54 Each 00043102Q00 ECONO 4-POST 172 7904.23 Each 00044218Q00 4 POST CLOSED CENTER 18K LIFT 22045.54 Each 00055502000 CLAMP ASSY-WHEEL,STEER 62.31 Each 00058839000 TOOL-PDQ WEIGHT PASS CAR 34.5 Each 00060466000 DUAL WHEEL SPACER 160.5 Each 00060779000 CONE-MEDIUM 9 1/2 DEG 82.1 Each 00060873000 CONE-TRUCK GRIND 241.29 Each 00060874000 SPACER-WHEEL TRUCK 173.82 Each 00064222000 REAR SLIPPLATES 483.82 Each 00066006000 LUBE BOTTLE 24.18 Each 00090488000 TRI TIPS/SETS SCREWS- 10 44.06 Each 00110560000 CONE-CENTERING 75-110MM HAWE 79.55 Each 00110612000 TRUCK CONE KIT 261.4 Each 00110614000 ADAPTER-UNILUG SEE REMARKS 538.16 Each 00112094000 OPTIONAL HVY DTY KIT 3.5 1456.61 Each 00112109000 DAYTON WHEEL ADAPTER 24 1033 Each 00112111000 4 ARM STAR QK ADPTR 702958178 889.5 Each 00112112000 5 ARM STAR QK ADPTR 702958179 942 Each 00112113000 4 TO 5 STAR UPDATE KT70295818 412.5 Each 00112292000 220.1MM HWKA 70BE958-008 321.54 Each 00112320000 DISC-220.8MM 70BE 958 007 448.33 Each 10002MRMHCDI TORQUE WRENCH 150-1000INLB 110.36 Each 10-01085A LOCK-N-ROLL LATCH 67 IN. 3.09 Each 10-01185A LOCK N ROLL LATCH FOR KRL1099 1.83 Each 1001XL36PV SLDG TRAY 21.45 Each 10-03783A TR DR SLVR EPLS 27.99 KRSC30 2.02 Each 10059 BEARING NEEDLE THRUST -
Nozzle Selection and Adjuvant Impact on the Efficacy of Glyphosate And
agronomy Article Nozzle Selection and Adjuvant Impact on the Efficacy of Glyphosate and PPO-Inhibiting Herbicide Tank-Mixtures Jesaelen G. Moraes 1,* , Thomas R. Butts 1 , Vitor M. Anunciato 2 , Joe D. Luck 3 , Wesley C. Hoffmann 4, Ulisses R. Antuniassi 5 and Greg R. Kruger 1 1 Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, North Platte, NE 69101, USA; [email protected] (T.R.B.); [email protected] (G.R.K.) 2 Department of Plant Protection, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP 18618687, Brazil; [email protected] 3 Department of Biological System Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, North Platte, NE 69101, USA; [email protected] 4 USDA-ARS Aerial Application Technology Research Unit, College Station, TX 77845, USA; [email protected] 5 Department of Rural Engineering, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP 18618687, Brazil; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-402-219-1674 Abstract: PPO-inhibiting herbicides in combination with glyphosate for postemergence applications is a common approach to manage glyphosate- and ALS-inhibitor-resistant weeds. PPO-inhibitors can reduce glyphosate translocation when applied in tank-mixtures, but adjuvants may be used to overcome this effect. Additionally, optimal droplet size may be affected by tank-mixtures of different Citation: Moraes, J.G.; Butts, T.R.; herbicides and it can be crucial to herbicide efficacy. Field and greenhouse studies were conducted M. Anunciato, V.; Luck, J.D.; to investigate the impact of nozzle selection and adjuvants on weed control and interactions when Hoffmann, W.C.; Antuniassi, U.R.; applying PPO-inhibitors (fomesafen or lactofen) alone or in tank-mixture with glyphosate to five Kruger, G.R.