Interaction of 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid IUPAC (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid name 2,4-D Other hedonal names trinoxol Identifiers CAS [94-75-7] number SMILES OC(COC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl)=O ChemSpider 1441 ID Properties Molecular C H Cl O formula 8 6 2 3 Molar mass 221.04 g mol−1 Appearance white to yellow powder Melting point 140.5 °C (413.5 K) Boiling 160 °C (0.4 mm Hg) point Solubility in 900 mg/L (25 °C) water Related compounds Related 2,4,5-T, Dichlorprop compounds Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a common systemic herbicide used in the control of broadleaf weeds. It is the most widely used herbicide in the world, and the third most commonly used in North America.[1] 2,4-D is also an important synthetic auxin, often used in laboratories for plant research and as a supplement in plant cell culture media such as MS medium. History 2,4-D was developed during World War II by a British team at Rothamsted Experimental Station, under the leadership of Judah Hirsch Quastel, aiming to increase crop yields for a nation at war.[citation needed] When it was commercially released in 1946, it became the first successful selective herbicide and allowed for greatly enhanced weed control in wheat, maize (corn), rice, and similar cereal grass crop, because it only kills dicots, leaving behind monocots. Mechanism of herbicide action 2,4-D is a synthetic auxin, which is a class of plant growth regulators. -
View Science Comments I
March 11, 2014 Regulatory Analysis and Development, PPD, APHIS Station 3A-03.8 4700 River Road, Unit 118 Riverdale, MD 20737- 1238 RE: Docket No. APHIS-2013-0042 Comments to USDA APHIS on Dow AgroSciences LLC; Draft Environmental Impact Statement for Determination of Nonregulated Status of Herbicide Resistant Corn and Soybeans Center for Food Safety, Science Comments I By: Bill Freese, Science Policy Analyst Introduction These comments submitted by Center for Food Safety are one of two sets of science comments from our organization. Legal comments are also being submitted. The references cited have been uploaded as supporting materials. The filenames for these documents match the citations in the text, and are all incorporated as (e.g. Benbrook 2012). Full citations are included at the end. These comments supplement and incorporate by reference our earlier two rounds of comments on the draft Environmental Assessments for event DAS-68416-4 (Enlist soybeans) and event DAS-40278-9 (Enlist corn), as well as all the references submitted previously. The previous CFS science comments on the draft EAs have been resubmitted as Appendix B, and will be cited in the text as “CFS Science Soy”, “CFS Science Corn I”, and “CFS Science Corn II.” References to the Appendix of the EIS cite the Appendix number followed by a hyphen then the page number (e.g. 4-29). Only references that are new to these draft EIS comments are listed in the References section at the end. Executive Summary The growing unsustainability of U.S. agriculture U.S. agriculture is becoming progressively less sustainable. -
Glufosinate (Ignite): a New Promising Postemergence Herbicide for Citrus
Glirus Section Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 100:58-61. 1987. GLUFOSINATE (IGNITE): A NEW PROMISING POSTEMERGENCE HERBICIDE FOR CITRUS Megh Singh and D. P. H. Tucker ported that the pattern of plant responses to glufosinate University of Florida, IFAS and glyphosate was distinctly different. Glufosinate has li Citrus Research and Education Center mited translocation to rootstocks and rhizomes, etc. of per 700 Experiment Station Road ennial weeds as compared to glyphosate. Therefore, even Lake Alfred, FL 33850 tual regrowth from these plant parts will occur. Glufosinate may be a useful herbicide for weed control Additional index words. Basta, Buster, Conquest, Finale, in no-tillage systems, for orchards and vineyards, and for HOE-00661, HOE-39866, glufosinate-ammonium. general weed control in rangeland and non-cropland situ ations. Kapusta (6) reported effective control of several weed species using glufosinate in no-till fields. Glufosinate Abstract. Glufosinate [ammonium (3-amino-3-carboxypropyl) at 1.0 to 2.0 kg/ha provided effective control of several methyl phosphinate] is a non-selective postemergence her annual and perennial weeds in vineyards, citrus, and other bicide for the control of a broad spectrum of grasses and fruit orchards as well as in uncultivated areas (3). Lawson broad leaf weed species. It is known worldwide by various names such as Basta, Buster, Conquest, and Finale. Glufosi and Wiseman (9) reported satisfactory runner control in nate controls both annual and perennial weeds. The activity strawberries without the adverse effect on the growth and of glufosinate is somewhat slower than paraquat but dis yield of the crop. -
Interaction of 2,4-D Or Dicamba with Glufosinate for Control of Glyphosate-Resistant Giant Ragweed (Ambrosia Trifida L.) in Glufosinate-Resistant Maize (Zea Mays L.)
fpls-08-01207 July 6, 2017 Time: 18:18 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 10 July 2017 doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01207 Interaction of 2,4-D or Dicamba with Glufosinate for Control of Glyphosate-Resistant Giant Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida L.) in Glufosinate-Resistant Maize (Zea mays L.) Zahoor A. Ganie and Amit J. Jhala* Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States Glyphosate-resistant (GR) giant ragweed is a problematic broadleaf weed in crops including maize and soybean in the Midwestern United States. Commercialization of crops with 2,4-D or dicamba and glufosinate resistance will allow post-emergence (POST) applications of these herbicides. Therefore, information is needed on how Edited by: 2,4-D/dicamba will interact with glufosinate in various rate combinations. The objectives Ilias Travlos, Agricultural University of Athens, of this study were to evaluate the interaction of glufosinate plus 2,4-D and/or dicamba for Greece control of GR giant ragweed, and to determine their effect on GR giant ragweed density, Reviewed by: biomass, maize injury, and yield. Field experiments were conducted in 2013 and 2014 Milena S. Simic, Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje, in a field infested with GR giant ragweed in Nebraska, United States. The treatments − Serbia included POST applications of glufosinate (450 or 590 g ai ha 1), 2,4-D, or dicamba Yosra Menchari, at 280 or 560 g ae ha−1 applied alone and in tank-mixtures in glufosinate-resistant University of Jendouba, Tunisia maize. The results showed that dicamba applied alone resulted in 56 to 62% and *Correspondence: Amit J. -
PPO2 Mutations in Amaranthus Palmeri:Implications on Cross-Resistance
agriculture Article PPO2 Mutations in Amaranthus palmeri: Implications on Cross-Resistance Pâmela Carvalho-Moore 1,2 , Gulab Rangani 1, James Heiser 3, Douglas Findley 4, Steven J. Bowe 4 and Nilda Roma-Burgos 1,* 1 Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA; [email protected] (P.C.-M.); [email protected] (G.R.) 2 Former Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA 3 Fisher Delta Research Center, College of Agriculture, University of Missouri, Portageville, MO 63873, USA; [email protected] 4 BASF Corporation, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA; douglas.fi[email protected] (D.F.); [email protected] (S.J.B.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: In Arkansas, resistance to protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO)-inhibiting herbicides in Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats. is mainly due to target site mutations. Although A. palmeri PPO-mutations are well investigated, the cross-resistance that each ppo mutant endows to weed populations is not yet well understood. We aimed to evaluate the response of PPO-resistant A. palmeri accessions, harboring the ppo2 mutations DG210 and G399A, to multiple PPO-inhibiting herbicides. Six resistant and one susceptible field accessions were subjected to a dose–response assay with fomesafen, and selected survivors from different fomesafen doses were genotyped to characterize the mutation profile. The level of resistance to fomesafen was determined and a cross-resistance assay was conducted with 1 Citation: Carvalho-Moore, P.; and 2 times the labeled doses of selected PPO herbicides. The accession with higher predicted dose Rangani, G.; Heiser, J.; Findley, D.; to control 50% of the population (ED50) had a higher frequency of DG210-homozygous survivors. -
Herbicide Mode of Action Table High Resistance Risk
Herbicide Mode of Action Table High resistance risk Chemical family Active constituent (first registered trade name) GROUP 1 Inhibition of acetyl co-enzyme A carboxylase (ACC’ase inhibitors) clodinafop (Topik®), cyhalofop (Agixa®*, Barnstorm®), diclofop (Cheetah® Gold* Decision®*, Hoegrass®), Aryloxyphenoxy- fenoxaprop (Cheetah®, Gold*, Wildcat®), fluazifop propionates (FOPs) (Fusilade®), haloxyfop (Verdict®), propaquizafop (Shogun®), quizalofop (Targa®) Cyclohexanediones (DIMs) butroxydim (Factor®*), clethodim (Select®), profoxydim (Aura®), sethoxydim (Cheetah® Gold*, Decision®*), tralkoxydim (Achieve®) Phenylpyrazoles (DENs) pinoxaden (Axial®) GROUP 2 Inhibition of acetolactate synthase (ALS inhibitors), acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) Imidazolinones (IMIs) imazamox (Intervix®*, Raptor®), imazapic (Bobcat I-Maxx®*, Flame®, Midas®*, OnDuty®*), imazapyr (Arsenal Xpress®*, Intervix®*, Lightning®*, Midas®* OnDuty®*), imazethapyr (Lightning®*, Spinnaker®) Pyrimidinyl–thio- bispyribac (Nominee®), pyrithiobac (Staple®) benzoates Sulfonylureas (SUs) azimsulfuron (Gulliver®), bensulfuron (Londax®), chlorsulfuron (Glean®), ethoxysulfuron (Hero®), foramsulfuron (Tribute®), halosulfuron (Sempra®), iodosulfuron (Hussar®), mesosulfuron (Atlantis®), metsulfuron (Ally®, Harmony®* M, Stinger®*, Trounce®*, Ultimate Brushweed®* Herbicide), prosulfuron (Casper®*), rimsulfuron (Titus®), sulfometuron (Oust®, Eucmix Pre Plant®*, Trimac Plus®*), sulfosulfuron (Monza®), thifensulfuron (Harmony®* M), triasulfuron (Logran®, Logran® B-Power®*), tribenuron (Express®), -
Exposure to Herbicides in House Dust and Risk of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (2013) 23, 363–370 & 2013 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved 1559-0631/13 www.nature.com/jes ORIGINAL ARTICLE Exposure to herbicides in house dust and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia Catherine Metayer1, Joanne S. Colt2, Patricia A. Buffler1, Helen D. Reed3, Steve Selvin1, Vonda Crouse4 and Mary H. Ward2 We examine the association between exposure to herbicides and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Dust samples were collected from homes of 269 ALL cases and 333 healthy controls (o8 years of age at diagnosis/reference date and residing in same home since diagnosis/reference date) in California, using a high-volume surface sampler or household vacuum bags. Amounts of agricultural or professional herbicides (alachlor, metolachlor, bromoxynil, bromoxynil octanoate, pebulate, butylate, prometryn, simazine, ethalfluralin, and pendimethalin) and residential herbicides (cyanazine, trifluralin, 2-methyl-4- chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA), mecoprop, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), chlorthal, and dicamba) were measured. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by logistic regression. Models included the herbicide of interest, age, sex, race/ethnicity, household income, year and season of dust sampling, neighborhood type, and residence type. The risk of childhood ALL was associated with dust levels of chlorthal; compared to homes with no detections, ORs for the first, second, and third tertiles were 1.49 (95% CI: 0.82–2.72), 1.49 (95% CI: 0.83–2.67), and 1.57 (95% CI: 0.90–2.73), respectively (P-value for linear trend ¼ 0.05). The magnitude of this association appeared to be higher in the presence of alachlor. -
Weed Control in Direct-Seeded Field Pea Gregory J
Weed Control in Direct-seeded Field Pea Gregory J. Endres and Blaine G. Schatz Weed control and field pea response to selected soil- and POST-applied herbicides were evaluated in a randomized complete-block design with three replicates. The experiment was conducted on a Heimdahl loam soil with 6.7 pH and 2.9% organic matter at the NDSU Carrington Research Extension Center. Herbicide treatments were applied to 5- by 25-ft plots with a pressurized hand-held plot sprayer at 17 gal/A and 30 psi through 8002 flat-fan nozzles. Fall sulfentrazone treatments were applied October 25, 2004 to a moist soil surface with 47 F, 71% RH, 15% clear sky, and 11 mph wind. On April 28, 2005, inoculated 'Integra' field pea was seeded into standing wheat stubble in 7-inch rows at a rate of 300,000 pure live seeds/A. PRE treatments were applied to a dry soil surface on April 30 with 31 F, 64% RH, 30% clear sky, and 10 mph wind. Rainfall totaled 1.22 inches 8 d following PRE application. The trial area was treated on May 6 with a PRE burn-down application of glyphosate at 0.75 lb ae/A plus ammonium sulfate at 1% v/v. The early POST (EPOST) treatment was applied on May 23 with 73 F, 35% RH, 100% cloudy sky, and 6 mph wind to 2-inch tall field pea, 1- to 2-leaf green and yellow foxtail, 0.5-inch tall common lambsquarters, 0.5-inch tall prostrate and redroot pigweed, and 0.5-inch tall wild buckwheat. -
State of New York City's Plants 2018
STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 Daniel Atha & Brian Boom © 2018 The New York Botanical Garden All rights reserved ISBN 978-0-89327-955-4 Center for Conservation Strategy The New York Botanical Garden 2900 Southern Boulevard Bronx, NY 10458 All photos NYBG staff Citation: Atha, D. and B. Boom. 2018. State of New York City’s Plants 2018. Center for Conservation Strategy. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY. 132 pp. STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 INTRODUCTION 10 DOCUMENTING THE CITY’S PLANTS 10 The Flora of New York City 11 Rare Species 14 Focus on Specific Area 16 Botanical Spectacle: Summer Snow 18 CITIZEN SCIENCE 20 THREATS TO THE CITY’S PLANTS 24 NEW YORK STATE PROHIBITED AND REGULATED INVASIVE SPECIES FOUND IN NEW YORK CITY 26 LOOKING AHEAD 27 CONTRIBUTORS AND ACKNOWLEGMENTS 30 LITERATURE CITED 31 APPENDIX Checklist of the Spontaneous Vascular Plants of New York City 32 Ferns and Fern Allies 35 Gymnosperms 36 Nymphaeales and Magnoliids 37 Monocots 67 Dicots 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report, State of New York City’s Plants 2018, is the first rankings of rare, threatened, endangered, and extinct species of what is envisioned by the Center for Conservation Strategy known from New York City, and based on this compilation of The New York Botanical Garden as annual updates thirteen percent of the City’s flora is imperiled or extinct in New summarizing the status of the spontaneous plant species of the York City. five boroughs of New York City. This year’s report deals with the City’s vascular plants (ferns and fern allies, gymnosperms, We have begun the process of assessing conservation status and flowering plants), but in the future it is planned to phase in at the local level for all species. -
INDEX to PESTICIDE TYPES and FAMILIES and PART 180 TOLERANCE INFORMATION of PESTICIDE CHEMICALS in FOOD and FEED COMMODITIES
US Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs INDEX to PESTICIDE TYPES and FAMILIES and PART 180 TOLERANCE INFORMATION of PESTICIDE CHEMICALS in FOOD and FEED COMMODITIES Note: Pesticide tolerance information is updated in the Code of Federal Regulations on a weekly basis. EPA plans to update these indexes biannually. These indexes are current as of the date indicated in the pdf file. For the latest information on pesticide tolerances, please check the electronic Code of Federal Regulations (eCFR) at http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/waisidx_07/40cfrv23_07.html 1 40 CFR Type Family Common name CAS Number PC code 180.163 Acaricide bridged diphenyl Dicofol (1,1-Bis(chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethanol) 115-32-2 10501 180.198 Acaricide phosphonate Trichlorfon 52-68-6 57901 180.259 Acaricide sulfite ester Propargite 2312-35-8 97601 180.446 Acaricide tetrazine Clofentezine 74115-24-5 125501 180.448 Acaricide thiazolidine Hexythiazox 78587-05-0 128849 180.517 Acaricide phenylpyrazole Fipronil 120068-37-3 129121 180.566 Acaricide pyrazole Fenpyroximate 134098-61-6 129131 180.572 Acaricide carbazate Bifenazate 149877-41-8 586 180.593 Acaricide unclassified Etoxazole 153233-91-1 107091 180.599 Acaricide unclassified Acequinocyl 57960-19-7 6329 180.341 Acaricide, fungicide dinitrophenol Dinocap (2, 4-Dinitro-6-octylphenyl crotonate and 2,6-dinitro-4- 39300-45-3 36001 octylphenyl crotonate} 180.111 Acaricide, insecticide organophosphorus Malathion 121-75-5 57701 180.182 Acaricide, insecticide cyclodiene Endosulfan 115-29-7 79401 -
Amaranthus Palmeri) in 2,4-D , Glufosinate-, and Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean
Weed Technology Management of glyphosate-resistant Palmer – www.cambridge.org/wet amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in 2,4-D , glufosinate-, and glyphosate-resistant soybean 1 2 3 4 Research Article Chandrima Shyam , Parminder S. Chahal , Amit J. Jhala and Mithila Jugulam 1 2 Cite this article: Shyam C, Chahal PS, Jhala AJ, Graduate Student, Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA; Postdoctoral Research 3 Jugulam M (2021) Management of glyphosate- Associate, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA; Associate resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus Professor, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA and palmeri) in 2,4-D–, glufosinate-, and 4Professor, Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA glyphosate-resistant soybean. Weed Technol. 35:136–143. doi: 10.1017/wet.2020.91 Abstract Received: 7 May 2020 Glyphosate-resistant (GR) Palmer amaranth is a problematic, annual broadleaf weed in Revised: 7 July 2020 soybean production fields in Nebraska and many other states in the United States. Soybean Accepted: 29 July 2020 TM First published online: 18 August 2020 resistant to 2,4-D, glyphosate, and glufosinate (Enlist E3 ) has been developed and was first grown commercially in 2019. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the effect of herbicide Associate Editor: programs applied PRE, PRE followed by (fb) late-POST (LPOST), and early-POST (EPOST) fb Kevin Bradley, University of Missouri LPOST on GR Palmer amaranth control, density, and biomass reduction, soybean injury, and ’ Nomenclature: yield. Field experiments were conducted near Carleton, NE, in 2018, and 2019 in a grower sfield 2,4-D chlorimuron-ethyl; cloransulam-methyl; infested with GR Palmer amaranth in 2,4-D–, glyphosate-, and glufosinate-resistant soybean. -
New Herbicides for Weeds in Seedling Alfalfa
NEW HERBICIDES FOR WEEDS IN SEEDLING ALFALFA 1 Harold M. Kempen and Joe Voth Abstract: Research suggests that "better mousetraps" for control of seedling weeds in seedling alfalfa are awaiting EPA & CDFA registrations. .Buctril in combination with Poast has been effective in Kern County tests. Until registered, Butyrac in combination with Poast, seems a good option: Pursuit appears to offer the best program because it controls chickweed along with most winter weeds and may suppress yellow nutsedge and johnsongrass. Keywords: Seedling alfalfa, herbicides, grass weeds, broadleaf weeds. INTRODUCTION Poast was recently registered for use in alfalfa. Perhaps that is an omen that something else ~/il1 be registered in the near future as well. It is still possibl~! When I accepted this speaking engagement, I had high hopes that Buctril would be registered by this summer. But that date has passed and the prognosis for labelling of it by next spring is poor. Yes, it is registered in the United States of America, but it isn't registered in sovereign California. This report will focus on three promising treatments: 1. Buctril ME-4 + Poast, Fusilade 2000 or Select; 2. Butyrac Amine + Poast, Fusilade or Select; 3. Pursuit. HERBICIDES MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT Buctril bromoxynil Brominal bromoxynil Butyrac 2,4-DB Butoxone 2,4-DB Poast sethoxydim Fusilade 2000 fluazifop-P-butyl Assure quizalofop Select clethodim Whip fenoxyprop-ethyl Verdict haloxyfop Pursuit imazethapyr Gramoxone Super paraquat BUCTRIL + SELECTIVE GRASS HERBICIDES In Kern County, where we grow almost 90,000 acres and are 4th in alfalfa marketincr in California, we have studied bromoxynil for several years, alone and in combination with the selective grass herbicides: Poast, Fusilade, Assure, Select and Verdict.