River Renaturation As a Complex and Dynamic Implementation Process
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1 2 Complex and Dynamic Implementation Processes The renaturalization of the Dutch Regge River Cheryl de Boer Hans Bressers In collaboration with the Dutch Water Governance Centre 1 A publication of the In collaboration with the Dutch Water Governance Centre Research sponsored by A.N.R. Systerra ANR-08STRA-09 project ―New Rurality‖ Publication sponsored by EU Interreg IVB project ―WAVE‖ Cover design: Martine van Dijk, Ontwerpbureau 10 Cover pictures: Mrs. Niens (front), Gijs van Ouwerkerk (back) Copyright 2011: Cheryl de Boer and Hans Bressers Email: [email protected] & [email protected] CSTM – Twente Center for Studies in Technology and Sustainable Development – Institute for Innovation and Governance Studies University of Twente – PO Box 219 – 7500AE – Enschede – The Netherlands With proper citation, the material in this publication may be used for education, research and practice related purposes without the prior permission of the authors. Upon request, Pdf copies can be obtained without charge from the University of Twente repository or provided through contacting the University of Twente: [email protected] or the Dutch Water Governance Centre: [email protected]. Notification of use to the authors is appreciated. ISBN: 978.90.365.3257.0 2 Contents Chapter 1. Introduction ....................................................................................... 7 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 7 River renaturalization as a complex and dynamic implementation process . 8 Structure of the book...................................................................................... 12 Chapter 2. Blending Multiple Policies and Interests into a Single Project ....... 15 Introduction ................................................................................................... 15 Some specifics of Dutch government organization ....................................... 15 National backgrounds and policies ................................................................ 16 Land use and nature ................................................................................... 17 Water management ................................................................................... 24 River renaturalization as complex and dynamic process ......................... 27 Land use planning and property and use rights ....................................... 29 Provincial policies ......................................................................................... 32 Waterboard policies .......................................................................................37 Municipal policies ......................................................................................... 40 Chapter 3. The Regge River as an Example of a Dutch Tributary River Basin 43 Introduction .................................................................................................. 43 The Regge River basin ................................................................................... 43 The ―Regge Natural‖ renaturalization project ............................................... 51 The nature of the Regge renaturalization projects ....................................... 55 Chapter 4. The Contextual Interaction Theory as a Conceptual Lens .............. 57 Introduction ................................................................................................... 57 Implementation processes ............................................................................ 58 Results: rivalries and resources .................................................................... 63 Actor characteristics as the ultimate process setting ................................... 65 Layers of context and their relevance ........................................................... 72 Complex and dynamic processes .................................................................. 80 Boundary judgements ............................................................................... 80 The time dimension ................................................................................... 86 Adaptive strategies ........................................................................................ 88 Governance flexibility and intensity as requirements for adaptive management ................................................................................................... 91 Methodology.................................................................................................. 95 Data collection ........................................................................................... 95 Data analysis .............................................................................................. 96 Chapter 5. Upper Regge Project Implementation ............................................ 99 Introduction: working project by project ................................................... 100 Estates of Diepenheim ................................................................................. 101 Introduction ............................................................................................. 101 Process and results ................................................................................... 101 Concluding observations .......................................................................... 110 Intermediate area: Plan Upper Regge Goor ................................................ 114 Intermediate area: Elsenerbrook - Boven Regge ........................................ 116 3 Chapter 6. Middle Regge Project Implementation ......................................... 119 Introduction ................................................................................................. 119 Intermediate area: Land restructuring projects Enter and Rijssen, including the small realized project of Exoo ............................................................... 120 Veldkamp ..................................................................................................... 123 Introduction ............................................................................................. 123 Process and results ................................................................................... 126 Concluding observations .......................................................................... 132 Groene Mal (Green Mould) .......................................................................... 133 Introduction ............................................................................................. 133 Process and results ................................................................................... 134 Concluding observations .......................................................................... 138 Kalvenhaar and Visschebelt-Koemaste ....................................................... 139 Introduction ............................................................................................. 139 Process and results .................................................................................. 140 Concluding observations .......................................................................... 143 Intermediate area: Area development of Eelen en Rhaan, including the realized project of Tatums ........................................................................... 144 Tatums ...................................................................................................... 144 Chapter 7. Lower Regge Project Implementation ........................................... 149 Introduction ................................................................................................. 150 Velderberg .................................................................................................... 151 Introduction ............................................................................................. 151 Process and results ................................................................................... 152 Concluding observations .......................................................................... 155 Intermediate area: Nieuwbrekken to Nieuwebrug ...................................... 155 Onderland .................................................................................................... 158 Introduction ............................................................................................. 158 Process and results ................................................................................... 161 Concluding observations .......................................................................... 167 Intermediate area: downstream area flowing into the Vecht River ............ 169 Chapter 8. Process Setting, Strategies, Receptivity and Regime Flexibility ... 171 Introduction ................................................................................................. 171 Governance setting: Extent and coherence ................................................. 171 Actor characteristics: ................................................................................... 173 Most parties‘ motivations, cognitions and resources fit generally well with renaturalization ............................................................................................ 173 Concluding remarks ................................................................................. 177 Strategies: Avoiding