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CCSG Newsletter – Vol 4 September 2020 CCSG Newsletter Volume 4 ♦ September 2020 IUCN SSC Climate Change Specialist Group Newsletter VOLUME 4 ♦ SEPTEMBER 2020 © Huper by Joshua Earle, Unsplash CCSG Newsletter Volume 4 ♦ September 2020 LETTER FROM THE CHAIR Who would have thought that by September 2020 almost all of our international meetings would have shifted online? That give-or-take a few early morning hair-do(n’t)s and late evening wine in coffee mugs, discussions with overseas colleagues have become just as easy as those with old officemates. Given Covid-19’s gluttony of 2020 and the havoc it’s wreaked on conservation, I’m whole-heartedly claiming this win for us. Conditions have never been better for a global team effort in tackling climate change challenges in conservation. Welcome back to the CCSG network. When I sat right here writing our last newsletter editorial we were all just settling into the global lockdown. So where are we six months later? At its peak, global CO2 emissions dropped by 17% (11-25%), with up to an 8% annual decline expected for 2020. This year-on-year reduction is six times larger than following the 2009 global financial crisis and twice as large as all previous reductions since World War II combined. Excellent! But before you order that imported champagne, note that the 17% peak only takes us back to 2006’s CO2 levels, and 8% to 2010’s. To meet our Paris Agreement targets, we need a year-on-year reduction of 7.6% from now until 2030. One of these years every year this decade? Seriously? There has to be a better way than another pandemic (I’m begging)! Here I will claim another win for us. Although a few of our leaders were less than exemplary, the vast majority of humans went through substantial personal sacrifice and discomfort for the greater good of their loved ones, communities, countries and fellow humans. Our species acted collaboratively with a coordinated response to a global threat. Now we know that it can be done. Which brings me to an exciting part of this month’s CCSG offerings. Bridging the research-practice-policy divides is key to the CCSG’s mission, but personally, I battle to keep up-to-date with more than two (at best). With the rapid and ongoing developments in the policy arena, I often feel on the back foot and long for a “For Dummies” policy update. Next week (10th September), we’re offering just that (plus a bit more). The IUCN secretariat’s lead on Biodiversity and Climate Change Policy Tools (and our CCSG Policy Theme lead), Vicky Romero, will host a policy briefing for CCSG members and interested others. This will include an update on the state-of-play of the UNFCCC, CBD (including new targets), UNCCD, IUCN motions process and the climate change related motions that will be voted on in the coming months. See page 6 for details, it’s definitely one to diarise. As the CCSG continues to gain momentum, we invite you to collaborate and share your work with fellow members by presenting a CCSG webinar, advertising an event, sharing a paper, telling us about a new discovery or interesting fact or sending a topical figure or photo. We’d love to celebrate your achievements and support your work. But most of all, we invite you to see the CCSG as a platform to start, build and foster collaborations. Collectively, our growing group represents one of the deepest sources of knowledge on climate change and biodiversity globally. Let’s celebrate, enjoy and make use of it. Enjoy your read! Wendy Foden, Chair IUCN SSC Climate Change Specialist Group Members of the CCSG Steering Committee at Yorkshire Wildlife Park. From left: Cheryl Williams (Yorkshire Wildlife Park), Eric Ameca, Wendy Foden, Bruce Stein, Bruce Young, Resit Akçakaya, Jamie Carr, James Pearce-Higgins, Brian Huntley, and Victoria Romero. 1 CCSG Newsletter Volume 4 ♦ September 2020 © Artush, Shutterstock Using the past to maintain future biodiversity An international team of researchers, including CCSG members Damien Fordham, Stephen Jackson and Brian Huntley, has identified and analysed past warming events similar to those anticipated in the coming decades. The resulting paper, published in Science, will improve understanding as to how species and ecosystems will cope with potentially dangerous rates of climatic change. Studying historical changes in locations such as the Arctic, Amazon, and New Zealand can provide useful case studies for identifying what causes some species to be more prone to climate-driven extinctions. The findings will help improve early-warning systems for population collapse, extinction, or ecosystem shifts. Stemming from a CCSG workshop hosted by the University of Adelaide's Environment Institute and the University of Copenhagen in 2018, the team’s findings clearly show how the recent geological past can help inform effective conservation policy and practice. Read the full press release here. Updates and Accomplishments . CCSG Chair Wendy Foden Receives Prestigious Marsh Award for Climate Change Research The British Ecological Society (BES) has awarded CCSG Chair Wendy Foden the Marsh Award for Climate Change Research for her outstanding contributions to the field. The award recognizes both Wendy’s role as a world-leading researcher in climate change vulnerability assessments of threatened species, and her interest in translating science for practical conservation use as head of the Cape Research Centre for South African National Parks. Wendy’s dedication to fostering conservation leadership is providing the next generation of conservation scientists with the skills they need to be successful and help shape this rapidly growing field. Wendy is “thrilled and honoured to receive this award. I’ve worked extremely hard for many years, but that doesn’t set me apart from so many of my dedicated colleagues. Most of my research has been highly collaborative, so this award recognizes the work of our entire community.” The CCSG wishes Wendy a sincere congratulation for this incredible achievement! 2 2 © Jacques de Kock CCSG Newsletter Volume 4 ♦ September 2020 Global vegetation patterns of the past 140,000 years A new paper published in the Journal of Biogeography, co-authored by CCSG member Brian Huntley, examines global biome responses to environmental changes over the past 140,000 years. The authors found substantial changes in biome extents and locations on all vegetated continents, illustrating that most of Earth’s land surface has experienced at least one biome change during the specified period. Although the largest magnitude changes were in Eurasia, the authors delve into important changes seen in tropical latitudes and the Southern Hemisphere. The paper is published fully open access and the underlying data are all available from Data Dryad (see publication for details). This important resource will help advance scientific investigations into biome location and extent, the origins of biodiversity patterns, prehistoric megafaunal extinctions, and the biogeographical history of humans. © Serkan Turk, Unsplash © Matthew Wridgway, Wikimedia Commons Increasing temperatures increase the risk of reproductive failure in Cape Rockjumpers A new paper, co-authored by CCSG members Alan Lee and Susan Cunningham, investigates the mechanistic link between climate change and population decline in Cape Rockjumpers (Chaetops frenatus). This Near Threatened ground-nesting bird is endemic to alpine fynbos in southwestern South Africa. While previous studies by the co-authors indicated that Cape Rockjumpers are particularly vulnerable to increasing temperatures, the birds are able to moderate heat stress by adjusting their behaviour and making use of cooler microsites. By using cameras to monitor activity at Rockjumper nests, the researchers found that fledgling failure increased at higher temperatures as a result of increased snake predation, as snake activity increased alongside warming ambient temperatures. Avian mortality risk during heat waves will increase greatly in arid Australia The frequency of extreme heat waves in Australia has increased over recent decades, posing severe physiological challenges for birds at risk of hyperthermia and dehydration. To quantify these risks, a team of researchers, including CCSG member Andrew McKechnie, synthesized thermal physiology data on evaporative cooling capacity and heat tolerance limits for Australian birds. They then evaluated mortality risks for 10 Australian species under both current conditions and those anticipated by the end of this century. Their findings reveal that several species are already exposed to conditions associated with significant risks of lethal hyperthermia and dehydration. Without a significant reduction in global emissions, the likelihood of avian mortality events during heat waves will increase substantially over much of the continent by the end of the 21st century. Conservation strategies to ensure the maintenance and availability of surface water could be crucial to preventing some arid areas from becoming completely uninhabitable for many avian species. 3 © Simon Maisch, Unsplash CCSG Newsletter Volume 4 ♦ September 2020 IUCN launches Global Standard for Nature-based Solutions SPECIES IN THE On Thursday, 23 July, IUCN unveiled the first-ever Global Standard for SPOTLIGHT Nature -based Solutions. Nature-based Solutions (NbS) are defined by IUCN as “actions to protect, sustainably manage, and restore natural or modified ecosystems, that address societal challenges effectively and adaptively, simultaneously providing human well-being and biodiversity benefits.” More Climate change
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