Bare Root Perennials Storage & Planting Information Guide

Peony

Daylily Hosta Our History Getting to Know Simple Pleasures® Simple Pleasures® was introduced the Fall season of 1998. It was developed based on 80 plus years of marketing experience in North America to garden centers, mail order and mass merchants. Our mail order background has given us a tremendous insight into the gardening marketplace and we use the same successful approach towards Simple Pleasures® with quality, uniqueness, exclusive varieties and new introductions.

10 Reasons to Buy from (plant tags) Simple Pleasures 1. A sales force to directly cover all our customer needs. 2. The strongest guarantee in the business. 3. A complete trial garden making sure our varieties are true to type and quality is second to none. 4. A full color plant tag inventory. 5. A complete photo library for customer use. Best Selling Bulbs 6. Servicing wholesale growers, small retailers, mail-order companies and garden centers. 7. Great distribution channels with warehouses located in the United States, Canada, and Holland. 8. Our own technical support staff for your horticultural assistance. 9. The largest variety offering available from one source, whether it be bulbs, perennials, or plugs. 10. New and exclusive varieties every year, grown by our own contract growers. Our Guarantee Lilies Caladiums Dahlias We guarantee our products to be healthy and true to name as described in our catalog. We are prepared to stand behind this warranty, with proper proof, to either replace the product or refund it for full purchase price, at our discretion. Best Selling Perennials

TABLE OF CONTENTS Bulb & Root Types ...... 3 Storage & Planting...... 4 Specific Varieties ...... 4-8 Specific Varieties Chart ...... 9-12 Fungus & Insects...... 13 Overwintering & Soil Information...... 14 Zone Maps ...... 15

Although Simple Pleasures has made every effort to ensure the accuracy of the information in this guide, we make no guarantee, written or implied as to the procedures contained within. DayLilies Hosta Peonies 2 Bulb & Root Types What do the different types of bulb & root systems mean? BULBS: A true bulb is a thickened, fleshy, and commonly subterranean bud, usually emitting roots from its under side and RHIZOMES: the stems, flowers, and foliage from An underground stem with branching the crown. The term “bulb” applies close to the soil surface. This stem to a large class of flowering and produces roots, stems, leaves and ornamental bulbous-like plants in flowers along its length. their dormant condition such as corms, tubers, rhizomes and pips. Examples: Bearded Iris, Examples: Eremurus True Bulbs: Lilies, Tulips, Onions Tuber: Dahlias Pips: Lily of the Valley

Lilies Bearded Iris

CORM: TAP ROOT: An underground bulb-like portion of A strong nearly the stem of a plant consisting of perpendicular main fleshy tissue with a bud at the top. root that carries the plant axis straight Examples: into the ground. All Crocus, Gladiolus, other roots of the Crocosmia plant are secondary to it.

Examples: Hibiscus, Lupines

Crocosmia Lupines

ROOTS WITH EYES: FIBROUS ROOTS: A form of rhizome where the size of the Mainly consists of thread-like, profusely plant grade is determined by the num- branched roots with no main or tap- ber of buds or eyes. Such as 1to 2 eye root development. or 2 to 3 eye divisions.

Examples: Examples: Coreopsis, Clematis Astilbe, Dicentra, Hosta, Paeonia

Clematis Paeonia

TUBER: A short, thickened, fleshy part of an underground stem, where new plants develop from buds, or eyes.

Examples: POTTED PLANTS: This is a group of plants that usually Dahlia, Potato transplant better as potted versus bare root or when the plant is produced from tissue culture.

Dahlia Dianthus & Buddleia 3 Bare Root Perennial Specific Bare Storage & Planting Root Perennial & Bulb Planting Information Information IMPORTANT MESSAGE: · Approximately 48 hours before planting the cartons should be moved to an area with · Plants should be inspected immediately a cool temperature, preferably 45-55°F upon arrival. ACANTHUSi (8-13°C) to slowly defrost the plants. At that · Occasionally during storage material can · Protect from extreme cold winter tempera- time the cartons should be opened. Do not tures, especially during wet periods. be damaged. If you should detect any tear the plants apart when the plants are problems, please inform us within 5 working not fully defrosted. This will cause serious · During first year of planting the crowns days of receipt of the shipment. damage to your planting stock. should be protected as well. · Remove questionable product to avoid · Root pruning can be done to fit container. further contamination. ACHILLEAi · Additional storage of the product is not STORAGE: recommended due to fluctuations in · Easy to grow. · Insulated room temperature. · Withstands drought conditions. · Dark · After inspection leave the boxes open, so · Hardy in zones 3-8. excessive moisture can evaporate. · Closed · Prefers well drained poor soil in full sun. · Put the cartons away from extreme ventila- · No ventilation ALSTROEMERIAi ACONITUMi tion and direct sunlight because this will · Leave space between boxes/pallets · Protect from extreme cold winter tempera- dehydrate your plants. · Never put roots that were stored above · Apply fungicide during the planting tures, especially during wet periods. process. · If additional storage time is needed, try to freezing into a cooler below freezing. · Water in thoroughly with fungicide. Wait keep the time to a minimum (no more than · Roots which were in storage for weeks · Plant the crowns just below soil level. with additional watering until the plants 2 or 3 days) and try to maintain our sug- slowly go out of dormancy and start to · If started indoors the temperatures should start to sprout. Indoor start for at least gested storage temperature of 32-34ºF sprout. Once they break dormancy, severe not be higher than 45-50ºF (8-10ºC) 2-3 weeks. (0-2ºC). You can leave the boxes open structural damage can occur. · After watering in the roots thoroughly you · Good drainage. because the temperature is above freezing. · Even roots which were in storage below need to let them settle for a couple of · Product that is intended to be planted dur- · Plants prefer humus soil and full sun freezing, but thawed out should not be days. (3-5 days) during active growth. ing the summer months, must be stored in re-frozen. · Plants dislike hot and humid conditions. closed cartons at a constant store tempera- · Instead, open the boxes in a cooler AMSONIAi ture of 30-32°F (-1-0°C) until one or two above freezing. ADENOPHORAi · Disease and insect resistant. days before planting. · Plant in rich well-drained soil. · Full sun to partial shade. · Full sun to partial shade. · Use a moist retentive, well drained soil. · Better for the south. · Cut back the foliage to keep the plants AEGOPODIUMi nice and sturdy. Important Steps Before · Invasive rhizomes. ANEMONEi 1 · No particular soil preference. · Do not plant the roots too deep.( ⁄2” of soil) Planting the Bare Roots. · Partial shade. · Water in with fungicide and leave the · Do well in the full sun too and don't repro- plants alone for several days (5-7 days). GENERAL GUIDE LINES PLANTING TIME duce so fast therefore not so invasive. ANGELICAi FOR POTTING SOIL: · Use pots with a cross bottom (drainage · Partial shade and moist retentive soil. · Avoid extremely acid soils like 70-100% holes on bottom and sides as well) peat/bark mixes because the pH of the soil · For frozen shipments it is important to thaw · Monocarpic plants (die back after seeding). is way too low (sometimes even below 4). If out the roots before planting. Frozen roots · Fragrant herb. the pH level is too low the perennial roots do not take water for several days while will be stunted and cannot absorb the nutri- sprouting might take place already. This will ANTHEMISi ents in the soil which will result in distorted cause the plant to dehydrate. · Has fragrant foliage. foliage texture and very small plants. It will · Most of the bare roots are treated with a · Full sun and sandy, well drained soil. cause the root development to stay behind. fungicide during the washing process in · Avoid too much food since the plants start · Good mixes provide 40-50% garden soil, Holland, but we recommend to add some to grow rapidly and fall apart. 40-50% peat and 10% sand. Optional are fungicide while watering in your roots Perlite/Vermiculite and fertilizers. immediately after planting. AQUILEGIAi · For growing perennials in a pot culture we · Make sure that the roots are planted deep · Plant the crowns at soil level (roots below), need to set the pH between 5.3 and 6.3 and firm enough. Watering in the roots will if covered totally they rot. for optimal results. provide optimal contact between roots and · Water in with fungicide and leave them to · If the base pH value of the soil mix is still soil. settle (5-7 days) on the lower side you should add lime · When the roots are watered in thoroughly · Should not be started wet and cold. (CaCO3) to the soil. they can be left alone for several days until AGAPANTHUSi Start indoors between 45-50ºF (8-10ºC) · Also quite important is the electrical conduc- you see some growth. · Protect from extreme cold winter tempera- tivity (EC value) of the soil which measures · Many times, excessive watering causes loss tures, especially during wet periods. ARABISi the salt concentration of the soil. of planting stock. · Use fungicide and place indoors until · Great plant for the rock garden because of · Ideal values range between 0.75 and 1.1. · Some perennials need to be grown inside temperatures outside rise. it’s leaf rosettes and shallow rooting. The higher the number, the more salt is for at least 2 weeks until they start to root · Good drainage is important. · Good for the Northern part. Plants do not do well in the south. present and vice versa. well or simply be protected from frost · Full sun during active growth, but · During the season it is very important to where others just need some shade to protection from direct sunlight is required · Full sun and sandy, well-drained soil. check soil regularly because when extreme avoid severe burning of the new growth. during establishing roots and sprouting · Overwinter the plants with minimal water EC values are measured for days the roots The majority of perennials are tough (1-2 weeks) to avoid rotting. very easily fry or reversed Osmosis takes enough to grow in the open and face the place and plants wilt instantly. elements. ALOCASIAi ARMERIAI · Critical moments are when slow release · Storage, soil preparation and planting · Full sun to partial shade. fertilizers (3-4 months) release their salts all procedure is similar to Caladium culture. · In the southern parts of America they at once due to warm weather/indoors while · Do not scoop Alocasia. prefer partial shade. not being watered. The EC value measured · Grow at highest intensity of light. · No particular soil preference as long as it can reach up to 3.0 and if proper action is is well drained. not taken (watering, always measure EC of · Keep growing mixture moisture saturated. the water you are using) you can lose your · For fertilization, pest control and finished · Overwinter the plants with minimal water plants when this occurs. product care, see Caladium instructions. to avoid rotting.

4 ARUNCUSi BERGENIAi CALLIRHOEi CERATOSTIGMAi · Easy plants, but only the A. aethusifolius · Plants prefer moist conditions, but do not · Full sun in almost any soil that is well- · Plants do best in partial shade. should be treated with fungicide while the tolerate standing water, this way they'll rot drained. · Plant in any soil that is well drained. plants are watered in. very easily. · They can handle drought pretty good, but · Plants dislike winter wetness. · In case these plants are planted late in · Avoid heavy, rich soils. Sandy soils that are for best results you need to plant them not the season you need to watch out for slightly amended with organic matter give warmer than a hardy zone 7. CHELONEi Rhyzoctonia threat. ASARUM the best growing result. · Preference for application with fungicide CALTHAi especially bare roots. They start slow for ASARUMi · Plants prefer shade, but do tolerate the sun in the morning. The heat tolerance isn't great. · Wet plantings and rich organic, well irrigat- such a vigorous plant during active growth. · Rhizomes. ed gardens are best. · They do not need a lot of water during the · Fragrant roots and foliage that resembles BOLTONIAi · For vigorous growth the plants need the start, but they need plenty during the active Ginger when crushed. · Sun lovers. full sun. growing season. · Moist retentive soils that are slightly acidic · When grown in shade to partial shade you · Good results in humus enriched soils. (pH5). need to support the plants due to extreme · Plants love the sun, but should not be · Good drainage is very important. elongation. exposed to direct sunlight the first 2 weeks. · Full shade. · Prefer a moist, organic soil. CHRYSOGRONUMI · Great for naturalizing. BRUNNERAi · Plants do well in the shade, but tolerate · Apply fungicide by watering in the roots. sun as well, as long as they are kept moist. · Leave the roots alone for 3-5 days until · Mulching in the more southern areas is you see some growth. recommended. · Root pruning to fit the pot is OK to do · They will keep on blooming throughout the because curled up roots in this case will rot Summer, but it is fairly weak compared to and attack the plant from the bottom up. the Spring. CALADIUMi · Avoid winter wetness. · The quality of the tubers must be preserved CIMICIFUGAi by storing at a temperature of 70ºF (21°C) or · Fairly easy plants, but be aware of crown slightly higher until planting. Do not expose rot that can occur when the plants just start the bulbs to draft at any time. to grow. Plants are particularly susceptible · Bulbs for pot plant production which show when there is a lot of water standing, bad one dominant center bud must be scooped drainage, etc. so that more sprouts will develop for a · Preventive spraying with a fungicide against fuller pot plant. CAMPANULAi root and crown rot is recommended. · Grow bulbs in a soil mix with a high water · Immediately plant these roots since they do retention character such as Pro-Mix. Plant not store well. We tried to eliminate storage CLEMATISi problems by shipping only one ship date. upright with at least 1" of soil over the bulb. · Keep plants sealed in plastic and cool right · Grow at a minimum average temperature · Preferably start the plants indoor and leave until potting time to prevent dehydration of them there for up to 2 weeks. ASCLEPIASi of 70ºF (21°C) with night temperature the roots. · Apply fungicide while watering in the roots. · Plant the crown at soil level (roots below). never below 60ºF (16°C). Most grow best · Once unpacked, moisten the plants to with a minimum light intensity of 2,500 ft. Leave the roots for a while until you see · Avoid wet and cold winter circumstances ensure that the roots do not dry out. candles of light. breaking buds (5-7 days). because the plants will rot away very easily. · Use a fertile, well drained potting medium · Top dress fertilization of 14-14-14 once a · You can cut back the taller varieties, so · During dry winter periods you need to with a pH of 6.0 to 6.5. Soil must be moist week after sprouting rather than mixing in they come back more compact. You also at all times but cannot be waterlogged. protect the eyes from dehydrating. stimulate the plants for more vegetative the soil to prevent salt injury at high tem- · Place one plant in a 1 gallon pot, ensuring · Use fungicide and let the plants sprout peratures. growth. before active watering. that the roots are well spread within the · Growing plants may be subject to the pres- CANNAi medium while the initial stalk of the vine is · Indoor start will give best results. ence of mites, aphids or mealy bugs which · Plant 2-3 eye roots in a 2 gallon container; exposed. Grow at high light intensity at a must be treated as soon as detected with ASTILBEi Plant 1-2 eye root in a 1 gallon container. temperature of 62-72°F (17-22ºC). Once an appropriate insecticide. the initial shoot is 8-10", pinch the growth · Easy perennial, but awareness of Rhizoctonia · Use a fertile, humusy, but well-drained · Growing plants and finished products back to the first fully formed node and is important. Preventive spray doesn’t hurt. soil mix. should never be exposed to drafts or tem- attach the plant to a growing support. · Plants thrive well in acidic conditions, but peratures below 60ºF (16°C). · Drench pots after planting. Fertilize with 14-14-14 bi-weekly. needs to be monitored carefully. · Grow at a temperature of 70ºF (21°C) or · Apply preventative insecticide against · Most problems occur when pH is too low higher in a high light intensity greenhouse. aphids and other usual pests, once plant and EC values rise. This is the moment · Keep well watered at all times. has been established. when Rhyzoctonia threat is present. Make · Fertilize weekly with a 20-20-20 top dress sure the 1st inch of soil is dry, so it won’t once initial sprouts have developed to spread very easily. Also space container approximately 2". well enough. · Place containers outdoors in a sunny loca- ASTRANTIAi tion when day temperatures exceed 65ºF · Apply fungicide and do not plant too (18°C) & night temperatures do not go 1 deep( ⁄2” of soil) below 55ºF (13°C). · Place in filtered sunlight after planting. CARDAMINEi 1 · Plants can be grown in a ⁄2 gallon · Great for naturalizing. container. · Prefer a moist and cool, well drained soil. ATHYRIUMi Shade to partial shade. · Treat with fungicide while watering in the CENTAUREAi plant thoroughly. · Plant right away and not too deep and keep · You need to leave the roots alone for at crown at soil level to avoid rotting. least a week because the ferns are very slow to start from bare root. Preferably · Apply fungicide and wait for breaking buds. indoors for at least 2-3 weeks. CALLA LILIES (Zantedeschia)i CENTRANTHUSi COLOCASIAi · Best in moist retentive, slightly acidic soil. · Plant in a well drained sterilized planting · Plants do well in poor, alkaline soils. If · Growing and handling information similar · Do not expose the plants to direct sunlight medium with a pH of 6-6.5. Plant bulbs planted in rich circumstances the plants will to Alocasia. especially during the first growth. 1" below the soil line. grow tall and sloppy. Avoid shade for the · Note: Some Alocasia and Colocasia varieties · Variegated varieties tend to do better in the sun. · Keep growing medium moist (not wet) at all same reasons. are being supplied as started plants in 4" times. Do not overwater to prevent develop- pots. Upon arrival unpack immediately. BAPTISIAi ment of erwinia. CERASTIUMi Transplant to larger containers if necessary. Water thoroughly and grow in a high intensity · Prefers full sun and moist retentive soil. · Grow at 70°F (21ºC) in a high light · Avoid heat and humidity. · Partial shade in the more southern areas. light area. After five days apply a top-dress · They do well in most soils as long as they intensity greenhouse. fertilizer of 14-14-14 and continue fertiliza- have good drainage. · Fertilize with a top-dress 20-20-20 fertilizer · Plants grow best in well drained poor soil. tion bi-weekly. · Variegated varieties tend to do better in the sun. once every two weeks after germination. P · Plants dislike winter wetness. 5 CONVALLARIAi DAHLIA (cont.)i EPIMEDIUMi GEUMi · Let the roots start to develop and watch the · Grow at 72ºF (22°C) but not over 78ºF · Small plants that will not fill 1 gallon · Cold and wet situation should be avoided. buds break before you get too excited with (26°C) during the daytime, and not below containers the first year. · Plant immediately upon arrival, apply 1 the watering can. 60ºF (16°C) at night. · Plant ⁄2" below soil level. Apply fungicide. fungicide and start indoors. · Humus enriched soil has the preference, · Pinch the appropriate variety of dahlia at · Once established they can grow pretty · Leave the plants alone after watering in but watch out for low pH values even the third and fourth node of the primary much everywhere since they are drought until you see growth. though established plants don’t mind, bare and strong secondary shoot for a more tolerant. They can handle the full shade in roots do mind. compact and attractive container plant. moist conditions as well. In their native GYPSOPHILAi · Convallarias are very slow to get going and · Once the shoots have developed to approxi- habitat they thrive best in well drained · Plant the crowns at soil level (roots below). they will only suffer more when pH ranges mately 2", start a weekly fertilizing program humus and moist soil conditions. · Apply fungicide and start indoors. Leave the will drop below 5 or EC values exceed 1.5. of Osmocote 14-14-14 with a top dress plants alone for 3-5 days without additional EREMURUSi · Give our famous Lily of the Valley some application. water. time and it will perform. · Use appropriate insecticide when pests · Not very hardy. Cold and moist situations · Protect the crowns from extreme ventilation have been detected. will cause rotting crowns. to avoid dehydration. COREOPSISi · In case you need to over winter these · Not the easiest plant from bare root, but plants you need to apply a fungicide. HELENIUMi here are some tricks as well. · Cover the roots and main bud with 1" of · Apply fungicide and leave them to settle for · Most important is to plant upon arrival. well-drained soil enriched with humus. a couple of days (3-5 days). · Water in with a fungicide and let the plants · Plants need the full sun, but not right after · Plants prefer full sun, but should be protected start to grow with only the water given planting. from direct sunlight the first 1-2 weeks. during planting. For best results they should · Plants can be cut back for more compact be placed indoors for up to 2 weeks. ERIGERONi growth. · During active growth the plants can be · Plants do best in full sun and any soil that trimmed all the way down for better isn't too rich in fertilizer. HELIANTHUSi vegetative growth. · In order to maintain nice clumps without · Plant immediately. too many diseases (mainly virus) you need · Crown at soil level (roots below) COSMOSi to rejuvenate every 2-3 years. · Start indoors and apply fungicide. Water in · Avoid cold and wet circumstances. ERYNGIUMi thoroughly. Do not add additional water until · Apply fungicide and plant crown at soil growth takes place. level (roots below). Start indoors 40-50ºF · Plant immediately. (5-10ºC) · The crown of the plant should be at soil HELIOPSISi · Do not give additional water until you see level (roots below). · Plant immediately. breaking buds. · Apply fungicide while watering in roots. Let · Preferably an indoor start. Fungicide · Good drainage is important because sitting the roots settle indoors for up to 2 weeks application and moderate watering. water will cause the roots to rot. and do not water the first couple of days. · Plants prefer full sun, but protect from · Slow to establish, but once growing it can · If planted outside protect the crowns from direct sun right after planting. not be stopped. strong winds because sprouting buds dry DARMERAi out very quick. HELLEBORUSi CRAMBEi · Plant in heavy soils along streams or great · Well drained soil that is neutral · Plant immediately. · After planting you need to protect the for naturalizing in well-drained, moist soil. (pH 6.5-7.0) · Crowns at soil level(roots below). crowns from the wind because they · In the more southern climate you need to EUPATORIUMi · Apply fungicide and water in well. No dehydrate fairly quickly. mulch and keep the soil cool. additional water for at least a week or · Excessive moisture in the early stages after · The bare root plants need to be watered in · Well drained soil that is well amended with until signs of growth. organic matter. planting can cause the crown to rot, give well with a fungicide and left alone for at · Start indoors with cool temperatures least a week in order to break dormancy. this plant some kind of protection until it EUPHORBIAi 40-45ºF (5-8ºC) is growing. · After the first root development the plants · Plant immediately. · Use a soil that is well drained with a pH · The soil should not be acidic, but rather need to be kept wet. Avoid low pH and high that is around neutral (6.5-7.0) neutral to slightly alkaline. levels of salt because this will burn the new · Plant the crowns or root base at soil level growth very easily. (roots below). Avoid cold & wet conditions. CROCOSMIAi · Treat with fungicide and place indoors for · Plant 5 to 7 bulbs in a 1 gallon container using DELOSPERMAi up to 2 weeks. Do not heat the greenhouse a fertile soil mix with ultimate drainage. · Plant in full sun and poor sandy soils that too warm 40-50°F (5-10°C). · Drench after planting and grow at high light are well drained. · They prefer an average to poor soil mix that intensity at a temperature of 70-85ºF DELPHINIUMi is well drained. (21-29°C). · Immediate planting is required. These roots · Once the plants are growing they can · Apply top-dress fertilizer bi-weekly and do not hold long in storage! handle quite a bit of heat as long as the insecticide as pests necessitate. humidity is not too high. · Apply fungicide after planting and leave them to settle down for several days (5-7 days). FILIPENDULAi · Start indoors between 40-50ºF (5-10ºC). · Plants prefer moist conditions when actively Monitor temperature carefully as they are growing, but you need to watch out when very susceptible to root and crown rot. you start with a bare root because they do not like the wet circumstances when they DICENTRAi try to get going. Soil needs to be enriched · Humus enriched soil that is well drained. with humus and well drained as well. · For late Spring shipments we recommend the use of fungicide. FRAGARIAi · Root pruning can be done to fit the pots. · Full sun to partial shade in any soil that is well drained. · The D.Formosa types need a little extra attention at the start because they tend to · Avoid high humidity and heat. rot easier when there is too much water GERANIUMi HEMEROCALLISi sitting in the pots. · Apply fungicide when watering the roots. · Trim roots to fit the desired pot. These ECHINACEAi · Plant the G.cinereum types with the crown plants can handle a lot. · Apply fungicide after planting. Cover the at soil level (roots below). Immediate plant- · The smaller varieties such as H.Stella de’ 1 roots with ⁄2" of soil. ing required since top growth keeps on Oro, Mini Stella, Penny’s Worth should not DAHLIAi · Leave the plants without watering for a going. Plants will dehydrate if storage con- be exposed to wet and warm soils right · Store Dahlias at 45-50ºF (7-10°C) until couple of days (3-5 days). tinues. Preferably the G.cinereum types after planting. planting. should be grown indoors for up to 2 weeks. · Too much fertilizer will cause extreme HEUCHERAi · Use a well-drained sterilized planting elongation. · The G.sanguineum should only be covered 1 · Almost no roots to cover, so be aware to medium with a 7.0 pH. with ⁄2" of soil. not totally cover the plants or deep planting · Plant the tuberous root with the crown just ECHINOPSi · All plants should be left alone for a couple 1 because they will rot. barely above the soil mix. · Do not plant too deep ( ⁄2” below soil level) of days (3-5) until you see some growth. · Good drainage is important. · Moist soil and a cool base will give you nice · Keep moist but not wet. · Any soil will do. foliage the entire year. Sun to partial shade.

6 KNIPHOFIAi LYSIMACHIAi PAEONIAi 1 · Avoid cold, wet circumstances. Apply fungi- · Plant ⁄2" below soil level. Water thoroughly. · Do not plant too deep. Cover the eyes with 1 cide when watering in the roots. Leave the up to ⁄2" of soil. plants for 3-5 days. Protect the sprouting · Water in the roots thoroughly. Humus soil plants from direct sun light. and good drainage. · During active growth you need to fertilize · The pH should be between 5.5-6.5. frequently. · Need to be fed well during the season. LAVATERAi · Spray against Botrytis regularly. · Plant immediately. PAPAVERi · Treat with a fungicide and water in thor- · Do not plant the root(s) too deep. Crown at oughly. Very slow to establish. Keep soil level (root(s) below). indoors until plants are starting to grow. (2-3 weeks). · Many times the plants are sprouting already in the Spring therefore you need to water in · Avoid strong ventilation, buds dry out these roots with a fungicide. These plants quickly. can start to grow from their reserve, so you · Warm potting soil and humid conditions do not need to water for at least a week. should be avoided as well. When you plant later in the spring you need to watch out for dehydrating plants. HOSTAi LEWISIAi · Plant in the full sun. · Does not like hot and humid conditions, so · Easy to grow in semi-shade to shade try to keep the base of the plants cool and conditions. · Use a well drained, sandy soil. they will hold their green foliage longer. · Prefers moist soils. · Avoid wet winter circumstances. PENSTEMONi · #1 selling perennial. LIATRISi · Water in with fungicide. Avoid cold and · Trim roots to fit containers · Easy plants. wet circumstances. · 1-2 eye divisions fill 1 or 2 gallon containers. · Do not plant too deep (up to 1" of soil) · Avoid standing water. Good drainage. MALVAi HYPERICUMi · Avoid warm potting soil that is wet because · Hot and humid areas are not preferable. · Root pruning to fit the pots. · Plant in partial shade where the soil is they rot easily that way. PEROVSKIAi moist retentive and well drained. · Preventive spray against Pythium doesn’t · Avoid cold and wet circumstances. Avoid direct sunlight when the first buds break. · Plant immediately. · Plants dislike wet feet, so avoid winter hurt. wetness. · Plants unfold foliage before they can take · Soak the pots when you water in the roots. LIGULARIAi water. Apply fungicide as well. · Plants can handle high humidity and heat · Trim roots to fit container. quite well as long as the base is mulch in MECONOPSISi · Do not continue with excessive watering the · Unfolding foliage should not be exposed next 2 weeks. Very slow root development. the higher zones. · Plant immediately. to strong, direct sunlight during the first · When the buds start to break you need to HYPOXISi 2 weeks. · Water in with fungicide and start indoors avoid direct sunlight since plants hardly · Plant in sandy, well drained soils in full sun. · Humus soil that is well drained. 40-50ºF (5-10ºC). After you watered in the have roots yet to support growth. roots you need to leave the plants alone IBERISi until the soil is totally dry. Do not water on · You can trim the plants back for more compact growing. · Plant in any garden soil that is well drained. top of the foliage because the plants will rot · Provide full sun. away in a day. Bottom or drip irrigation is PERSICARIAi required. 1 · For good vegetative growth and mainte- · Cover the roots with ⁄2" of soil. Water in nance of the plants they need to be cut · Plants like it cool, so avoid warm and damp and stay away for 3-5 days. areas. Plants grow and take water, but root back after flowering. · Well drained soil development is extremely slow. · Hardiness zone varies a lot within the PHLOMISi species. · Humus soil and good drainage. · Crowns at soil level (roots below). Water in MERTENSIAi INCARVILLEAi with fungicide and wait 3-5 days before 1 · Avoid cold and wet circumstances. Roots rot · Plant ⁄2" below soil level. you start a regular water schedule. very easily when the soil isn’t drained well. · Add fungicide and leave the plants alone · Good drainage and sandy soil. · Plant the crowns slightly above soil level for 3-5 days. (1") or at soil level when 1 year old product · Humus soil that is well drained. Water- is supplied. The material in our program are logged plants will cause rotting. Starting 2 year old #1 divisions. these plants indoors is recommended. · Avoid strong winds because the buds will MYOSOTISi dehydrate very quickly. · Prefers a moist retentive soil that is well IRISi drained. · Apply fungicide and water in thoroughly. · Shade to partial shade is best, but mulched Do not add water for the next couple of LILIUMi plants do well in the sun as well in the days (5-7) while the plants try to settle. · Use a well-drained sterilized planting medi- northern climate. um with a pH of 7.0. · For I.ensata use a humus soil that meas- NEPETAi ures a pH around 6.0-6.5 and an EC value · Before planting, dip bulbs in an appropriate · Plant the crowns at soil level (roots below). that does not exceed 1.0. After the plants fungicide to protect from root rot. start to grow, add fertilizer that will lower · Use standard size pots, planting the bulbs · Use fungicide and water in. After 3-4 days the pH since I.ensata prefers a pH around 5 4" deep in the pot. you’ll see some growth already. or slightly below. · Keep moist at all times, but not wet. · First couple of days the plants are suscepti- · Just remember that an Iris in a pot behaves ble to excessive water, so we recommend · Grow in a high light intensity area with tem- to start the plants indoors. PHLOXi totally different compared to its native habi- 1 peratures during the night not below 60°F 2 tat. So, when you try to lower a pH with · Cover roots with ⁄ " of soil. (16ºC) and a day temperature not above OMPHALODESi · Water in well with a fungicide. Phlox likes to inorganic fertilizers you have to monitor the 78°F (26ºC). EC very carefully. · Plant immediately! be started as dry as possible, so do not fit · Use a liquid fertilizer program once shoots · Crowns at soil level(roots below). Fungicide this plant in the water schedule for at least · I.sibirica is much more forgiving regarding have emerged at least 1". soil and pH, so here you simply have to and plenty of water for good contact 5-7 days. Needs to be started indoors for up to 2 weeks for best results. watch that the roots do not sit in water very LINUMi between roots and soil. long before rooting the first week. Just · No additional water the first 3-5 days. · Can be trimmed down for more vegetative · Plant in full sun with light sandy soils that growth or shorter display. apply fungicide and water. The following 2 are well drained. · Indoors for up to 2 weeks. Avoid warm weeks you should expose them to direct · During active growth the plants need constant · Avoid winter wetness. potting soil. sunlight (all Iris roots, except the tubers) · Humus soil and good drainage. care. If the plants wilt, mildew will develop LYCHNISi immediately. Try to space the crop for opti- KIRENGESHOMAi PACHYSANDRAi mum ventilation. No overhead watering. · Avoid cold, wet circumstances. Good · Plants do best in full sun with moist reten- tive soil that is well drained. · Great groundcover plants for the shade. · Water early in the morning, so that the crop drainage! can dry during the day. · Zones vary within the species. · Plant in well drained moist retentive soil. 7 PHYSOSTEGIAi RHEUMi TRADESCANTIAi · Crowns at soil level (roots below). · Humus soil and good drainage. · Easy plants, but watch out for hot & humid · Water in thoroughly and add fungicide. · Plants do not like heat and humidity, so you moments especially right after planting. After 3-5 days you’ll see the plant respond- need to keep the base cool in zones 7-8. · Established plants should be kept cool at ing and regular watering can take place. · During active growth keep the soil moist the base for best results. · During active growth the plants like a continuously and feed them as well. · Look for the newer varieties because constant moist soil. foliage holds better in heat and humid RODGERSIAi areas. PLATYCODONi · Humus soil and good drainage. Continuous · Plant the crowns at soil level (root(s) below). moist and partial shade. TRICYRTISi · Apply fungicide and water in well. Plants · Do not start in warm potting soil (Pythium · Plant the crowns slightly below soil level 1 have enough reserve to start by them thread). ( ⁄4”). Water in well with a fungicide. Leave selves, so stay away with water for 5-7 them alone for 5-7 days because they rot days. For later season plantings, you will ROSMARINUSi very easy in wet circumstances. need to monitor moisture more carefully. · Prefers full sun and any well drained soil. · Avoid warm/wet potting soil, low pH and · It would be better to start them indoors and · Avoid winter wetness high EC. leave them there for 2 weeks. · If possible, start indoors. RUDBECKIAi · Protect the eyes from strong winds since · After they are starting they can handle they dry out very quickly · Plant immediately. lower pH values, but EC should stay · Plant the crowns at soil level. around 1.0. POLEMONIUMi SIDALCEAi · Water in thoroughly with fungicide. Do not · Plant immediately with crowns at soil level. · Well drained humus soil has the preference. · We only sell established plants in 3” pots. water regularly for 3-5 days because they need to settle down. · Avoid cold and wet conditions. TROLLIUSi POLYGONATUMi · Avoid warm potting soil, low pH and high · Apply fungicide and water in well. Do not · Water in well with fungicide and start · Do not plant too deep and do not let them salt levels. water for 3-5 days. indoors 40-50ºF (5-10ºC). After 3-5 days sit in moist soil. Add fungicide, water in and · Plants do best in cooler climates with well you’ll see some sprouting. leave alone for 5-7 days. · Late Spring plantings should be protected from direct sunlight up to 2 weeks. drained soil. · Avoid standing water and warm potting soil · Good drainage and humus soil. in this stage because they are susceptible SISYRINCHIUMi · Do not start with a low pH even though they SALVIAi to wilting. · Plant in partial shade to full sun in any well can handle it during active growth. · Keep the growing tips at soil level. · Humus soil and good drainage. drained soil. · Treat with a fungicide and water in well. · Avoid Winter wetness. VERBASCUMi · Plants rot very easily under wet circum- · Plant immediately. stances. Good drainage is important. SOLIDAGOi · Start indoors and add fungicide to the · If you protect the plants from the elements · Plant in well drained moist retentive soil. by keeping them indoors during the first water. Water in extremely well, so they’ll · Place in the full sun. Extreme elongation if have enough to get started. Plant crowns at week of growing, you would have a much placed in the shade. higher success ratio compared to an out- soil level. door start. · Plants are susceptible to rust and mildew. · You can easily leave the plants for 5-7 days Good ventilation/spacing of the plants will · Avoid warm potting soil. without water. When they are not estab- reduce the problem. lished you have to watch out for excessive SANGUISORBAi STACHYSi water on the crowns because they rot from the center down. · Water in well and give them a couple of · Water in thoroughly with a fungicide. days to get used to the growing conditions. No additional water needed for 3-5 days. VERNONIAi · Well drained and moisture retentive soil. · Preferably indoor start until growth develops. · Firm planting, good contact with the soil SAPONARIAi · Good drainage is essential. Sitting water through watering in. Pause the next water schedule for 3-5 days. · Plants can handle drought very well, so will cause rotting roots. watering in is enough to get them started. · Avoid warm/wet potting soil. Pythium threat. VERONICAi · Too much water in the beginning will cause STOKESIAi · Usage of fungicide is recommended right POTENTILLAi them to rot. · Make sure the roots have good contact with after planting. · Plant the crowns at soil level (roots below). · Sandy soil preference. the soil. Water in extremely well and leave · Plant shoots/crowns at soil level. Too deep · Any soil that is well drained. them for 3-5 days. Avoid air pockets. planting will result in rotting plants. · Water well and let them settle for 3-5 days. · After the plants are growing they like a · Hot and humid areas will cause the plants to continuous moist surrounding. suffer, so you need to keep the base cool. PULMONARIAi · You can trim the plants down for more · Plant immediately. TANACETUMi vegetative growth. · Keep the crowns at soil level (roots below). · Plants do best in the full sun in sandy, well VIOLAi · Use fungicide and water in thoroughly. Let drained soil. them settle for the first 3-5 days. · Avoid winter wetness. · One ship date item indicates that they do not hold in storage very well. · They are susceptible to rot when they are · In the more southern zones the plants exposed to lots of water, so it would be either prefer mulching or some afternoon · Plant upon arrival. Plants must be carefully better to start indoors for up to 2 weeks. shade. monitored the first few days. Do not over water and grow in a cool location. · Humus soil and good drainage. THALICTRUMi · It is essential to apply a fungicide when PULSATILLAi · Plants are late to show leaves in spring. plants are started as well as in the early · Plant immediately. · Likes part shade and moist soils. stages of growth. · Start indoors. Plant the crowns at soil level. · Tough vigorus plant. · Avoid warm/wet soil. · Use fungicide and plenty of water to water THYMUSi WEIGELAi in only. · Plant in full sun and in any soil that is · Soak the roots for several minutes including · No water the first 3-5 days. SEDUMi extremely well drained. a fungicide. · Humus soil and good drainage. Avoid warm · Crowns at soil level. · These plants hate wet feet. · Plant firm and soak again for good contact. potting soil and high humidity. · Plants handle drought very well, but give · High humidity areas will cause these plants · Leave the plants for a while because · Plants are drought tolerant in cooler areas. plenty of water to start them. to melt. shrubs do not start quickly from bare root. In hot areas mulch is needed to keep the base of the plants cool. · Sandy soil preference. Good drainage. TIARELLAi YUCCAi · Too much water will cause the plants to rot. · Avoid cold and wet circumstances. RATIBIDAi ·Plants do best in shade to partial shade. · Remove dead woody parts for Phoma threat. · Cover the roots with 1” of soil and water in · Plant in any soil that is well drained. · Tolerant to moist soils which are well · Hot & humid areas can cause foliar Botrytis. amended with organic matter and well well. Protect the roots from standing water. · Provide full sun. drained. · Good drainage is very important. SEMPERVIVUMi · Avoid winter wetness. · In southern climates you might want to · Keep the base of the plants cool in the · Full sun and extremely well-drained sandy mulch the plants. soil. Avoid winter wetness. more southern climates. · Plants do not tolerate drought!

8 Specific Bare Root Perennial & Bulb

Planting & Storage Information Verticillium

• •

Sclerotina Rhizoctonia

•• • • Pythium

•• • Phytophthora

••

Phoma Mildew

• • • •

Fusarium u efNematode Leaf & Bud

• ••••• • Botrytis

•••••• ••• •

Diseases ucpil oFrost to Susceptible

• • • • • rfr Shade Prefers

•• rfr eiShade Semi Prefers

•• •• •• • rfr Sun Prefers

•• •• •• •• • •• • •• • •• • • rfr os conditions moist Prefers

•• • •• ••••• •••••••••• •• •••••••• •••• ••• •• ••• •• rfr r conditions dry Prefers

• ••

uigatv growth active During ucpil oFrost to Susceptible

• • • ••• • • eursro pinching root Requires

• rfr os start moist Prefers

•• ••• rfr amstart warm Prefers

• ••• • • rfr r start dry Prefers

•• • • • • • • • • • • rfr olstart cool Prefers

•• • • •• • • •• ••• • ln ot shallow roots Plant

•••

ln ot deep roots Plant ugcdsnecessary Fungicides

• • • • ••• • • • • ••••

i nwater in Dip

Planting rfr ad soil sandy Prefers

• • • • rfr ev soil heavy Prefers

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ed xr fertilizer extra Needs

•• ••

Soil ucpil odehydration to Susceptible

• osntsoewell store not Does

• • • • • • • • • • • • • •• •• • •• • Arrival Ceratostigma Cerastium Centranthus Caladium Callirhoe Caltha Campanula Canna Cardamine Centaurea Astilbe Astrantia Athyrium Baptisia Adenophora Aegopodium Alstroemeria Aquilegia Arabis Armeria Aruncus Boltonia Brunnera Bergenia Asarum Asclepias Aconitum Alocasia Amsonia Anemone Agapanthus Angelica Anthemis Achillea Acanthus

9 To reach the ultimate growing plant or optimum end result you might run into some obstacles during the season. Some typical problems can be easily detected and taken care of, such as the following insects pests and fungal diseases. Common Insects Pests Fungile Diseases

Aphidi Mitesi Botrytisi Pythium (root rot)i · A minute bug that feeds by sucking sap · A minute arachnid that has four pairs of · Grayish, wooly fungi on plant tissue. · Bad root system and rotted roots. The from plants. It reproduces rapidly, often legs when an adult, related to ticks. · Cultural measurements such as ventila- epidermal tissue is often rotted off producing live young without mating, and · Biological Control: Pyoseiulus persimilis and tion, no watering overhead(Phlox, Peony) entirely from the roots. The core of the may live in large colonies that cause exten- Amblyseius californicus. and spacing of the crop. roots are intact, but cause major prob- sive damage to crops. · Biological Control Compatible Insecticides: · Iprodion and TMTD can be used again, lems since these roots won’t take water · Biological Control: Aphidoletes aphidimyza, Tetrasan, Floramite, Pylon,Ovation and but here rotation with other fungicides is and usually rot away as well. Chrysoperla carnea, Aphidius colemani and HexygonSluggo. important to avoid resistance. · Good drainage is of key importance. Hot Lady beetles. · Other Insecticides: Sanmite and Avid. temperatures in pots with too much · Biological Control Compatible Insecticides: Fusariumi water is far from ideal because weak- BotaniGard, Endeavor and Enstar II. Root Aphidsi · Crowns, eyes are blackish colored. ened plants will be infected. · Other Insecticides: Orthene, Marathon, · The root aphid, as the name implies, is Foliage turns yellow and holds the mold · Use Aliette or Fongarid. restricted to the roots; generally, the aphid (brownish/pink). Thiodan, Mesurol, Ornazin 3% and Rhizoctoniai Horticultural Oil. is associated with fibrous roots rather than · Rootbase and stem show dark brown the main storage root. Winged aphids may coloration that eventually rots away. · Easy to recognize because the stem Black Vine Weevili occasionally be seen in woolly wax masses · Infected plants show reduced growth and starts to rot away at soil level. Stems and · A small beetle with an elongated snout, the in the crown as they crawl up from the will die eventually if not taken care of. foliage are covered with a light brown roots to fly to new hosts. Wingless forms fungi layer. larvae of which typically develop inside · Precautionary measures are disinfecting found on roots are yellowish in color and seeds, stems or other plant parts. pots, potting tables, knives, crates etc. · Keep the top layer of the soil dry, so the secrete a dull, white waxy substance, giving fungi can’t spread. Keep foliage dry as · Biological Control: Steinernema spp. and · We use TMTD(Thiram), but Iprodion or Heterorhabditis spp. the root a mealy appearance. well. Spacing between pots is important. Captan can be used as well. Do not let the pots heat up in moist cir- · Biological Control Compatible Insecticides: · Insecticides: Orthene drench. cumstances because the disease repro- BotaniGard, Mildewi Slugs & Snailsi duces extremely quickly. · Found on the leaves, branches and · Other Insecticides: Orthene, Marathon, · Slug and snails are mollusks with soft flowers. · Iprodion, TMTD and Rizolex are effective. Thiodan, Mesurol, Ornazin 3% and muscular bodies that secrete slime. They Horticultural Oil. usually do their damage at night mainly · White powdery substance occurs on the Sclerotiniai surface of older leaves and spreads Caterpillarsi attacking the leaves of the plant. · Small blackish particles that resemble slowly. mouse droppings. Can be found in the · Caterpillars are soft, segmented larvae of a · Biological Control Compatible Insecticides: Sluggo. · Important detail is to maintain cell ten- leaf axils or died back stems from dor- moth or butterfly with distinct, harder head sion(to keep growing). Mildew usually · Other Insecticides: Mesurol, Mersurol Por mant plants. This fungi over winters and capsule, six legs up front and false fleshy occurs when plants slow down by lack of Pellets and Deadline Pellets. becomes active late Spring. legs on rear segments. They usually attack water, not enough ventilation, not enough the leaves, stems, or roots of the plant. · Early Spring shipments usually don’t Thripsi spacing or watering overhead. have any difficulties because this fairly · Biological Control Compatible Insecticides: · Combine systemic and non systemic weak fungi can’t take on healthy plant DiPel, BotaniGard and Conserve. · A minute black winged insect that sucks sap and can be serious pests of ornamental fungicides, but make sure to alternate tissue. Late Spring shipments need to be · Other Insecticides : Orthene, Talstar and and food plants when present in large and avoid starting with the same all the treated with fungicide because dead tis- Decathlon. numbers. time. sue is almost immediately covered with a Fungus Gnats & Shorefly Adultsi · Biological Control: Amblyseius cucumeris · Starting young plants, systemic fungi- white wooly substance. · Fungus Gnats are slender and delicate flys and Orius spp. cides should be avoided. · Spacing plants and avoid over watering whose larvae feed chiefly on fungi. The · Biological Control Compatible Insecticides: · False mildew causes grayish to purplish are some regulations. In Holland Switch shorefly adult resembles a small house fly Conserve, BotaniGard and Enstar II. irregular spots on top of the leaves, is a commonly known fungicide. beneath the foliage you’ll find a brownish (It is about the size of a fruit fly), the anten- · Other Insecticides: Orthene, Mesurol, Verticilliumi nae are short, and the head is relatively substance that will be surrounded by a Decathlon, Hiodan, Avid, Ornazin 3%, · Tough fungi that either enters the plant large with red eyes. In addition, shore flies Horticultural Oil and Pedestal purple edging. have small whitish spots on their wings. through roots or during cutting, pruning Nematodesi etc. · Biological Control Compatible Insecticides: White Flyi · Cause severe plant tissue deformity Conserve. · Whiteflies feed on plant juices using pierc- · Infected plants suddenly start to wilt ing-sucking mouthparts, causing stunted throughout the plants. Eventually the especially the younger parts. Typical is · Other Insecticides: Orthene, Marathon, infected parts die back. that the pattern shows on one side of the Thiodan, Mesurol, Orthene, Talstar and growth, leaf yellowing, and reduced yields. · It can be treated, but quite heavy pesti- plant or branch first and eventually takes Decathlon They are able to reproduce quickly and spread rapidly, and are considered a major cides need to be used, so it is better to over the entire plant. Leaf Hoppersi economic pest of greenhouse crops. destroy infected plants. · In the lower parts of the plant (branches) · Leaf Hoppers are one of the largest families Whiteflies have a wide host range and · Important guidelines are to start with you can find a purplish color after prun- of plant-feeding insects. Leaf Hoppers feed thrive on hundreds of ornamental plants. healthy plants with no symptoms. ing infected plants. by sucking the sap of vascular plants, and · Biological Control: Encarsia formosa and · Strong growing, healthy plants are usual- Phomai are found almost anywhere such plants Eretmocerus eremicus. ly not showing any symptoms, but young · Sprouting and elongating eyes, buds or occur, from tropical rain forests, to arctic · Biological Control Compatible Insecticides: material especially cuttings or weakened tips dehydrate and die. The brown and or tundra. BotaniGard, Distance, Endeavor and Enstar II plants are lost because you can’t treat black spotted leaves fall very early. with chemicals. · Insecticides: Orthene and Thiodan. · Other Insecticides: Orthene, Decathlon, · Spray with fungicide (Maneb, Daconil) Marathon, Thiodan, Ornazin 3%, Pedestal · Cultural measurements are needed, Leafminersi when you see the symptoms. and Horticultural Oil. clean material, good drainage. Important · Any insect which lays its eggs in the spongy is to destroy infected material. P Phytophthora (root-rot)i layer between the upper and lower surfaces of leaves. Larvae develop between the leaf IMPORTANT: · Clear distinction between healthy and surfaces and tunnel or 'mine' out the Prior to the use of any pesticides sick tissue. Light colored leaves that spongy middle layer as they grow, giving you should make sure it is legal eventually dry out. leaves a spotty and brownish appearance. and approved for use in your area. · Wilting plants followed by dead plants. · Biological Control: Diglyphus isaea and · Avoid damaging the base of the plant. Hypoaspis miles. Preventive spray with Aliette. · Biological Control Compatible Insecticides: Adept, Distance and Citation. · Other Insecticides: Orthene, Marathon, Avid, Pedestal and Ornazin 3%.

10 Overwintering Methods Caring for your potted perennials over the winter! IN A GREENHOUSE OR POLYHOUSE THERMOBLANKET TECHNIQUE AT LOW TEMPERATURES This insulated foam blanket is placed over This method is the best for temperature the containers during the coldest months control especially if minimal heat is used. of the year. Cover the blanket with white It is an ideal method to control moisture, reflective nursery poly film, preferably 4 growth, and heat build-up. Remember to mill one-year white poly. Pull plastic tight provide good air circulation with the use and secure edges about 12 inches beyond of fans. the outside pots with concrete blocks. Foliage should be cut back to the crown with the exception of evergreens. Evergreens IN UNHEATED POLYHOUSE UNDER should be laid on their sides to keep the A FOAM BLANKET foam from crushing the foliage and Place containers inside a hoop house causing rot. covered with white poly. Foam blankets are then placed over the containers. The SANDWICH METHOD blankets should not be weighted down so that air circulation is provided under This method is done by placing clear or the blanket. Evergreens should be treated white plastic directly over the plants and then covered with a 12 inch layer of straw Brunnera as mentioned in method 1 listed above. Heliopsis or salt hay and then a layer of white plastic. Evergreens should be treated as mentioned in the Thermoblanket Technique listed above. Additional Information PLANT HEALTH WHEN TO COVER AND UNCOVER The most important factor for overwintering Covering plants too soon will cause a heat is to have healthy, well rooted plants. Non- build-up and damage the plants. Removing established plants overwinter poorly. So the cover too late will cause plants to put too, with plants that are pot bound, or on a soft flush of growth. You will have to more specifically, plants whose dormant monitor the weather closely when covering eyes are crowded. and uncovering. When fall night tempera- tures are forecasted to be below 25ºF (4ºC) RODENTS you should cover, and when night temper- atures in spring are just above 32ºF (0ºC) Phlox Mice and other rodents can cause severe you should uncover. damage during the winter months chewing on pot, plants and anything else in their way. About a month before covering your plants, start baiting to reduce populations. Place traps every 15-20 feet using plastic bait boxes. These traps can stay under the cover throughout the winter. Agapanthus General Soil Information Your general potting soil for perennials and bulbs should have a pH range of 5.3 to 6.3. A low soil pH can cause an excess of micro nutrients such as Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Boron (B), Zinc (Zn), Sodium (Na), Copper (Cu), and Ammonium (NH4) or a deficit of Calcium (Ca), Phosphorus (P), Sulfer (S), Magnesium (Mg), Potassium (K), and Molybdenum (Mo). While a high soil pH can cause an excess of micro nutrients: Ammonium (NH4), and Calcium (Ca), or a deficit of Boron (B), Copper (Cu), Magnesium (Mg), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn), and Phosphorus (P). It is very important to regularly check your soil mix during active plant growth, because EC and pH levels can change. Also the use of certain fertilizers, groundwater, and other water solubles can cause a change in the soil pH. For early root development the correct pH is very important. If your pH is not correct you will immediately notice a change in foliage coloration with brown edges and an extremely slow growth rate.

11 LEGEND

Note: Darker tint indicates colder part, lighter tint of same color indicates milder part. ZONE ZONE

0a 0 5a 5

0b 5b

1a 1 6a 6

1b 6b

2a 2 7a 7

Hardiness 2b 7b

3a 3 8a 8

3b 8b 4a 4 9a LEGEND Zone Maps 4b Note: Darker tint indicates colder part, lighter ZONEtint of same color LEGEND indicates milder part. ZONE ZONE Using Your Hardiness Zone Maps 0a 0 5a 5 0b 5b

We want you to get the best results from Once you have determined the zone you means that the plant will perform well and 1a 1 6a 6 what you select. That is why we have pro- live in you can use the chart as well as the winter over in zones 4, 5, 6 and 7. Many 1b 6b vided this Hardiness Zone Map. zone listings in each of our product of our varieties do grow well outside the 2a 2 7a 7

The Hardiness Zones are based on the descriptions to determine which varieties zone recommended. However in the 2b 7b average minimum temperatures for each are best for your garden. Keep in mind northern areas, some varieties may have 3a 3 8a 8 zone. Many factors such as sun, wind, that the lower number indicates the most to be lifted and stored and in the south, 3b 8b snow cover or rainfall in your mini- northerly area where plants will survive some varieties may have to be planted in 4a 4 9a climate can also affect the minimum tem- the winter, and the higher number is the shaded cooler areas. 4b peratures in your area as presented by this most southerly area where they will per- map. form consistently. For instance, if the description gives a range of zones 4-7, it

ZONE LEGEND Range of Average Annual Minimum Temperatures for Each Zone

ZONE 3: -30º to -20º F ZONE 4: -20º to -10º F ZONE 5: -10º to 0º F ZONE 6: 0º to 10º F ZONE 7: 10º to 20º F ZONE 8: 20º to 30º F ZONE 9: 30º to 40º F ZONE 10: Above 40º F

12 Alocasia

Rudbeckia

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