Ppp Water Supply Project in Hanoi
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Ho Chi Minh Trail from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Ho Chi Minh trail From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Hồ Chí Minh trail (also known in Vietnam as the "Trường Sơn trail") was a logistical system that ran from the Hồ Chí Minh Trail Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) to the Southeastern Laos Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) through the neighboring kingdoms of Laos and Cambodia. The system provided support, in the form of manpower and materiel, to the National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam (called the Vietcong or "VC" by its opponents) and the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN), or North Vietnamese Army, during the Vietnam War. It was named by the Americans after North Vietnamese president Hồ Chí Minh. Although the trail was mostly in Laos, the communists called it the Trường Sơn Strategic Supply Route (Đường Trường Sơn), after the Vietnamese name for the Annamite Range mountains in central Vietnam.[1] According to the United States National Security Agency's official history of the war, the Trail system was "one of the great achievements of military engineering of the 20th century."[2] Contents 1 Origins (1959–1965) Ho Chi Minh Trail, 1967 Type Logistical system 1.1 Base areas Site information 2 Interdiction and expansion (1965–1968) Controlled by National Liberation Front 2.1 Air operations against the trail Site history 2.2 Ground operations against the trail Built 1959–1975 3 Commando Hunt (1968–1970) In use 1959–1975 Battles/wars Operation Barrel Roll 3.1 Fuel pipeline Operation Steel Tiger 3.2 Truck relay system Operation Tiger Hound Operation Commando Hunt 4 Road to PAVN victory (1971–75) Cambodian Incursion Operation Lam Son 719 5 See also Ho Chi Minh Campaign 6 Notes Operation Left Jab Operation Honorable Dragon Operation Diamond Arrow 7 Sources Project Copper Operation Phiboonpol Operation Sayasila Origins (1959–1965) Operation Bedrock Operation Thao La Parts of what became the trail had existed for centuries as Operation Black Lion primitive footpaths that facilitated trade. -
Telecouplings in the East–West Economic Corridor Within Borders and Across
Article Telecouplings in the East–West Economic Corridor within Borders and Across Stephen J. Leisz 1,*, Eric Rounds 1, Ngo The An 2, Nguyen Thi Bich Yen 2, Tran Nguyen Bang 2, Souvanthone Douangphachanh 3 and Bounheuang Ninchaleune 3 1 Department of Anthropology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; [email protected] 2 Faculty of Environment, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Ngo Xuan Quang Street, Trauquy, Gialam, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; [email protected] (N.T.A.); [email protected] (T.N.B.); [email protected] (N.T.B.Y.) 3 Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Savannakhet University, Naxeng Campus, Kaysonephomvihane District, Savannakhet Province, Lao PDR; [email protected] (S.D.); [email protected] (B.N.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-970-491-3960 Academic Editors: Krishna Prasad Vadrevu, Rama Nemani, Chris Justice, Garik Gutman, Soe Myint, Clement Atzberger and Prasad S. Thenkabail Received: 31 July 2016; Accepted: 2 December 2016; Published: 11 December 2016 Abstract: In recent years, the concepts of teleconnections and telecoupling have been introduced into land-use and land-cover change literature as frameworks that seek to explain connections between areas that are not in close physical proximity to each other. The conceptual frameworks of teleconnections and telecoupling seek to explicitly link land changes in one place, or in a number of places, to distant, usually non-physically connected locations. These conceptual frameworks are offered as new ways of understanding land changes; rather than viewing land-use and land-cover change through discrete land classifications that have been based on the idea of land-use as seen through rural–urban dichotomies, path dependencies and sequential land transitions, and place-based relationships. -
Lotus Wind Power Project
Initial Environmental Examination – Appendix H Project Number: 54211-001 March 2021 Document Stage: Draft Viet Nam: Lotus Wind Power Project Prepared by ERM Vietnam for Lien Lap Wind Power Joint Stock Company, Phong Huy Wind Power Joint Stock Company, and Phong Nguyen Wind Power Joint Stock Company as a requirement of the Asian Development Bank. The initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “Terms of Use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Biodiversity survey Wet season report Phong Huy Wind Power Project, Huong Hoa, Quang Tri, Viet Nam 7 July 2020 Prepared by ERM’s Subcontractor for ERM Vietnam Document details Document title Biodiversity survey Wet season report Document subtitle Phong Huy Wind Power Project, Huong Hoa, Quang Tri, Viet Nam Date 7 July 2020 Version 1.0 Author ERM’s Subcontractor Client Name ERM Vietnam Document history Version Revision Author Reviewed by ERM approval to issue Comments Name Date Draft 1.0 Name Name Name 00.00.0000 Text Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT CONTENTS Phong Huy Wind Power Project, Huong Hoa, Quang Tri, Viet Nam CONTENTS 1. -
The Saola's Battle for Survival on the Ho Chi Minh Trail
2013 THE SAOLA’S BAttLE FOR SURVIVAL ON THE HO CHI MINH TRAIL © David Hulse / WWF-Canon WWF is one of the world’s largest and most experienced independent conservation organizations, with over 5 million supporters and a global network active in more than 100 countries. WWF’s mission is to stop the degradation of the planet’s natural environment and to build a future in which humans live in harmony with nature, by conserving the world’s biological diversity, ensuring that the use of renewable natural resources is sustainable, and promoting the reduction of pollution and wasteful consumption. Written and edited by Elizabeth Kemf, PhD. Published in August 2013 by WWF – World Wide Fund For Nature (Formerly World Wildlife Fund), Gland, Switzerland. Any reproduction in full or in part must mention the title and credit the above-mentioned publisher as the copyright owner. © Text 2013 WWF All rights reserved. CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 5 2. SAOLA SPAWNS DECADES OF SPECIES DISCOVERIES 7 3. THE BIG EIGHT OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 9 4. THREATS: TRAPPING, ILLEGAL WILDLIFE TRADE AND HABITAT FRAGMENTATION 11 5. TUG OF WAR ON THE HO CHI MINH TRAIL 12 6. DISCOVERIES AND EXTINCTIONS 14 7. WHAT IS BEING DONE TO SAVE THE SAOLA? 15 Forest guard training and patrols 15 Expanding and linking protected areas 16 Trans-boundary protected area project 16 The Saola Working Group (SWG) 17 Biodiversity surveys 17 Landscape scale conservation planning 17 Leeches reveal rare species survival 18 8. THE SAOLA’S TIPPING POINT 19 9. TACKLING THE ISSUES: WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE? 20 Unsustainable Hunting, Wildlife Trade And Restaurants 20 Illegal Logging And Export 22 Dams And Roads 22 10. -
Potential Economic Corridors Between Vietnam and Lao PDR: Roles Played by Vietnam
Munich Personal RePEc Archive Potential economic corridors between Vietnam and Lao PDR: Roles played by Vietnam Nguyen, Binh Giang IDE-JETRO 2012 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/40502/ MPRA Paper No. 40502, posted 06 Aug 2012 12:14 UTC CHAPTER 3 Potential Economic Corridors between Vietnam and Lao PDR: Roles Played by Vietnam Nguyen Binh Giang This chapter should be cited as: NGUYEN, Bing Giang 2012. “Potential Economic Corridors between Vietnam and Lao PDR: Roles Played by Vietnam” in Emerging Economic Corridors in The Mekong Region, edited by Masami Ishida, BRC Research Report No.8, Bangkok Research Center, IDE-JETRO, Bangkok, Thailand. CHAPTER 3 POTENTIAL ECONOMIC CORRIDORS BETWEEN VIETNAM AND LAO PDR: ROLES PLAYED BY VIETNAM Nguyen Binh Giang INTRODUCTION The Third Thai-Lao Friendship Bridge over the Mekong River officially opened on November 11, 2011, facilitating cross-border trade along Asian Highway (AH) 15 (Route No. 8) and AH 131 (Route No. 12) between northeast Thailand, central Lao PDR and North Central Vietnam. Since the establishment of the East-West Economic Corridor (EWEC) which is based on AH 16 (Route No. 9), the cross-border trade among countries in the Greater Mekong Sub-region has been much facilitated. The success of EWEC encourages local governments in the region to establish other economic corridors. Currently, it seems that there are ambitions to establish parallel corridors with EWEC. The basic criteria for these corridors is the connectivity of the Thailand-Lao PDR or Lao PDR-Vietnam border gates, major cities in northeast Thailand, south and central Lao PDR, and North Central and Middle Central Vietnam, and ports in Vietnam by utilizing some existing Asian Highways (AHs) or national highways. -
Marketing Fragment 6 X 10.5.T65
Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-88865-3 - Inventing Vietnam: The United States and State Building, 1954-1968 James M. Carter Excerpt More information 1 introduction: inventing vietnam The country that is more developed industrially only shows, to the less developed, the image of its own future. – Karl Marx The great problem from now on out [is] whether we [can] salvage what the Communists had ostensibly left out of their grasp in Indochina. – Secretary of State John Foster Dulles I’ve never seen a situation like this [in southern Vietnam]. It defies imag- ination. The government is shaky as all hell. It is being propped up for the moment only with great difficulty. Nothing can help it so much as administrative, economic, and social reforms. The needs are enor- mous, the time short. – Wesley Fishel, 1954 By early 1957, . it became evident the newly created nation [in Vietnam] would survive successfully the series of crises which threat- ened its existence at the outset. – Michigan State University Vietnam Advisory Group (MSUG), Final Report Although no MSUG member ever expected to find in newly independent Vietnam all the civil liberties firmly established among older western democracies, some members had misgivings lest the project’s technical assistance might serve to strengthen an autocratic regime and retard the development of democratic institutions. Most members . believed our activities were valuable . in creating among the Vietnamese a critical attitude for seeking truth and knowledge through systematic research, promoting the study of social sciences from the western viewpoint, raising the general of educational standards, and implanting in the minds of government officials, police officers and teachers the ideas 1 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-88865-3 - Inventing Vietnam: The United States and State Building, 1954-1968 James M. -
Vietnam's Highway No. 1
Vietnam’s Highway No. 1: corridor of power and patrimony* © William S. Logan Routes as cultural heritage Recently there has been considerable interest internationally in 'cultural routes' (or ‘itineraries’) as part of cultural heritage. These are known in some parts of the world as 'heritage trails' although in Australia this term tends to be used for shorter, more localised walks through historic areas. The Council of Europe led the way, establishing a program of European cultural routes that is managed from a specialised institute located in Luxembourg. The program's first initiative is the St Jacques de Compostela Route. This consists, in fact, of two itineraries that commence in central Europe, cross France, the Pyrenees and northwest Spain, and end at Santiago de Compostela, the famous Christian pilgrimage site of the Middle Ages. In the United States and Canada, efforts have been made to commemorate the 'Underground Railroad' - the route taken by slaves trying to reach freedom before the Civil War – by protecting a series of key sites along its length. UNESCO is supporting the Silk Road Project for developing cultural heritage and cultural tourism along the traditional medieval silk trade routes between southeastern Europe and China.1 The growth of interest internationally in cultural routes has led ICOMOS to add to its network of 'International Scientific Committees' a new ISC on Cultural 2 Routes. At its inaugural meeting in Madrid in 1994 the ISC defined the basic principles for its operations.3 According to the opening address from the chair of the ISC, Maria Rosa Suarez Ducassi Inclan, of Spain, cultural routes can be seen as ‘a very fertile concept’, providing an exceptional framework for the dynamics of mutual understanding, a pluralistic interpretation of history, and a culture of peace. -
The Central Region of Vietnam
GOING FOR GOLD The Central Region of Vietnam 2017 Investment Guide to the Central Region of Vietnam In association with Da Nang Welcomes APEC VIET NAM 2017 Nguyen Tien Quang Director of VCCI Da Nang Foreword The publication “Going for Gold - The Central Region of Vietnam” was developed as a guidebook to introduce the economic potential and investment opportunities of localities and enterprises in the Central Region - Highlands of Vietnam, to businesspeople and investors from the 21 Asia-Pacific economies taking part in the APEC Vietnam 2017 events. In the publication process, the local authorities in the region have effectively cooperated with VCCI Da Nang. The process has also attracted the response of regional entrepreneurs. We would like to express our sincere thanks to partners and sponsors for your valuable cooperation. VCCI Da Nang would like to thank KPMG Vietnam for their professional consultancy. They have made great contributions to the publication. In particular, we would like to thank Dr. Vu Tien Loc - Chairman of VCCI - for his encouragement and support in the publication process. Despite our efforts, there are still inevitable shortcomings in this guidebook. We look forward to readers’ understanding and feedback. Best Regards! On behalf of Editorial Board Nguyen Tien Quang Director of VCCI Da Nang Creating New Dynamism, Fostering a Shared Future Editorial Board: • Investment and Trade Promotion Center of Quang Ngai Province Editor-in-Chief: Nguyen Tien Quang • Investment and Trade Promotion Center of Binh Dinh Province Editors: -
Military History Anniversaries 1 Thru 15 MAR
Military History Anniversaries 1 thru 15 MAR Events in History over the next 15 day period that had U.S. military involvement or impacted in some way on U.S military operations or American interests Mar 01 1781 – American Revolution: Articles of Confederation are ratified » The Articles are finally ratified. They were signed by Congress and sent to the individual states for ratification on November 15, 1777, after 16 months of debate. Bickering over land claims between Virginia and Maryland delayed final ratification for almost four more years. Maryland finally approved the Articles on March 1, 1781, affirming the Articles as the outline of the official government of the United States. The nation was guided by the Articles of Confederation until the implementation of the current U.S. Constitution in 1789. The critical distinction between the Articles of Confederation and the U.S. Constitution —the primacy of the states under the Articles—is best understood by comparing the following lines. The Articles of Confederation begin: “To all to whom these Present shall come, we the undersigned Delegates of the States” By contrast, the Constitution begins: “We the People of the United Statesdo ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.” The predominance of the states under the Articles of Confederation is made even more explicit by the claims of Article II: “Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not by this Confederation expressly delegated to the United States, in Congress assembled.” Less than five years after the ratification of the Articles of Confederation, enough leading Americans decided that the system was inadequate to the task of governance that they peacefully overthrew their second government in just over 20 years. -
Policy Discussion Paper #5
RAJAWALI FOUNDATION INSTITUTE FOR ASIA Structural Reform for Growth, Equity, and National Sovereignty A Policy Discussion Paper Prepared for the VIETNAM EXECUTIVE LEADERSHIP PROGRAM (VELP) Harvard Kennedy School, February 13-17, 2012 January 20, 2012 This paper was written by Jonathan Pincus ([email protected]), Vu Thanh Tu Anh ([email protected]), Pham Duy Nghia ([email protected]), Ben Wilkinson ([email protected]) and Nguyen Xuan Thanh ([email protected]). The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and not necessarily reflect those of the Harvard Kennedy School or Harvard University. Structural Reform for Growth, Equity, and National Sovereignty A Policy Discussion Paper for the Vietnam Executive Leadership Program Page 2 of 44 Foreword This paper has been prepared for the third annual Vietnam Executive Leadership Program (VELP), to be held at the Harvard Kennedy School from February 12 to 17, 2012. The goal of this paper is to provide participants in the VELP forum, including Vietnamese government officials, international scholars, and corporate executives, with an assessment of some of the key public policy challenges confronting Vietnam today. This paper is by no means comprehensive; by necessity, it has not been possible to undertake an exhaustive study of every policy area. In selecting which issues to address, the authors have been guided by the priorities of the Vietnamese government as they have been articulated in policy statements promulgated over the past year. In an effort to ensure the paper‘s relevance to the Vietnamese policy community, earlier drafts of this paper were shared with current and former policymakers and policy analysts inside and outside of government. -
Institutional Landscape Thua Thien Hue Province 2005
Final version, Institutional landscape Thua Thien Hue province, November 2005 INSTITUTIONAL LANDSCAPE THUA THIEN HUE PROVINCE 2005 VIETNAM Vietnam Final version, Institutional landscape Thua Thien Hue province, November 2005 VIETNAM Institutional landscape 2005 We would like to present to the institutional landscape of the Forestry and (part of) the Natural Resources Management (NRM) sector in Thua Thien Hue (TTH) province. The document describes more than 30 actors in TTH in terms of objectives, activities and information like the use of GIS and the availability of a library. TBI-Vietnam has developed the Institutional landscape in order to inform the Vietnamese and international researchers and forest managers about TTH. The objective is to give them an overview of related organizations, projects and activities in TTH province, which enables them to contact the right people and find the right information. This will enable all to contact the right people, find relevant links and create new partnerships. The institutional landscape is a so called ‘living document’: it needs to be updated regularly, as projects come and go, structures and activities change and one day new directors will replace the current ones. Therefore you may see this document as a starting point. It is never 100% complete (there is always more to know) and never 100% up-to-date. We hope that this document will become of use to you. Please send any comments, additions, revisions and suggestions to [email protected] and [email protected]. We highly appreciate your comments and additions in order to help us to continuously improve it. -
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1111 It 1111111111111111 200303894 Copyright ofFull Text rests with the original copyright owner and, except as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, copying this copyright material is prohibited without the permission ofthe owner or its exclusive licensee or agent or by way ofa licence from Copyright Agency Limited. For infonnation about such licences contact Copyright Agency Limited on (02) 93947600 (ph) 0,(02) 93947601 (fax) Vietnam's.Highway No.l: corridor of power and patrimony William S. Logan Routes as cultural heritage the number of inappropriate cases that may be put forward by Member States to the World Heritage Convention under the Recently there has been considerable interest internationally in category of 'cuitural routes' over the next few years. This paper 'cultural routes' (or 'itineraries') as part of cultural heritage. seeks to apply the concept to what is clearly the major cultural These are known in some parts of the world as 'heritage trails' route in Vietnam - its Highway No. 1 - in order to specify further although in Australia this term tends to be used for shorter, the attributes that a route needs to have to be identifiable more localised walks through historic areas. The Council of according to the ISC and Operational Guidelines definitions, Europe led the way, establishing a program of European and manageable by the Member State. It may, of course, be cultural routes that is managed from a specialised institute that the definitions themselves need to be modified, although located in Luxembourg. The prograrn's first initiative IS the St this would be a slow and arduous process.