Office of Electricity Delivery & Energy Reliability
Microgrids and Best Practices Dan Ton, Esther Bryan, & Chris Marnay Power Systems Engineering Research and Development 28 August 2015 Aalborg 2015 Symposium on Microgrids OE Mission
The Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability (OE) drives electric grid moderniza on and resiliency in the energy infrastructure.
• OE leads the Department of Energy’s efforts to ensure a Technology resilient, reliable, and flexible Innova on electricity system. • OE serves as the Energy Sector Grid Moderniza on Specific lead for the Federal Ins tu onal Security & emergency response when Support & Resilience ac vated by DHS/FEMA. Alignment
Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability 2 Grid Modernization Vision
The future grid provides a cri cal pla orm for U.S. prosperity, compe veness, and innova on in a global clean energy economy. It must deliver reliable, affordable, and clean electricity to consumers where they want it, when they want it, how they want it.
Achieve Public Policy Sustain Economic Mi gate Risks and Objec ves Growth and Innova on Secure the Na on
• 80% clean electricity • New energy products • Extreme weather by 2035 and services • Cyber threats • State RPS and EEPS • Efficient markets • Physical a acks mandates • Reduce barriers for • Natural disasters • Access to reliable, new technologies • Fuel and supply affordable electricity • Clean energy jobs diversity • Climate adapta on • Aging infrastructure and resilience
Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability 3 Transforming the Grid
Current System Future Paradigm
• Monolithic • Modular and Agile • Centralized genera on • Centralized and distributed • Decisions driven by cost genera on • Catastrophic events • Decisions driven by cost and • Limited energy choices environmental sustainability • • Vulnerable to new threats Contained events • Personalized energy op ons • Inherently secure to all threats
Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability 4 Defining Microgrids
A microgrid is a group of Residen al Less than 10-kW, single-phase interconnected loads and Small Commercial From 10-kW to 50-kW, typically three-phase distributed energy Commercial Greater than 50-kW up to 10MW resources within clearly defined electrical boundaries that acts as a single controllable en ty with respect to the grid.
It can connect and disconnect from the grid to enable it to operate in both grid-connected or island-mode.
Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability 5 Microgrids Benefits and Technical Challenges
Benefits Technical Challenges • Enables grid moderniza on • Integrates mul ple Smart Grid • Reliable Opera ons and Technologies Control • Enhances integra on of • Energy Storage distributed and renewable • Component Designs and energy sources Compa bility • Meets end-user needs by • Analy cal Tools ensuring energy supply for • Reliability cri cal loads, controlling • Communica ons power quality and reliability at the local level • Promotes customer par cipa on through demand side management • Supports the macrogrid by handling sensi ve loads and supplying ancillary loads to the bulk power system Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability 6 Advanced Microgrid R&D Program Goal and Strategy Goal: Develop and enable the technologies needed to increase the ranges and applica ons of energy efficient advanced microgrids capable of maintaining or improving the power quality, reliability and resilience of the u lity grid during mes of interoperability. Strategy: Through a well-coordinated team of experts in applying advanced technologies, cost share, system logis cs, component tes ng, standards, codes, and facilita ng with stakeholders/customers, improve the reliability and increase the value of large, innova ve microgrids (ini ally up to 10 MW capacity)
Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability 7 Microgrid R&D Program Goals
Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability 8 DOE Microgrid R&D Program
Develop commercial scale 2011 Workshop (<10 MW) microgrid systems Recommended further capable of mee ng the 2020 Defined the DOE 2020 integra on of targets: targets component- and system- level R&D areas • Reduce outage me of cri cal loads by >98% at a cost comparable to non-integrated baseline solu ons (uninterrup ble power supply + diesel generator)
2012 Workshop • Reduce emissions by >20%
Priori zed R&D topics in Priori zed R&D topics in • Improve system energy efficiencies planning/design opera ons/control by >20%
Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability 9 Implementation Pathways
• Founda onal R&D • Integrated tools for microgrid planning/design and Na onal Labs opera ons/control
• Commercial viability • Community-defined resiliency objec ves Industry-led • Tes ng to be completed in FY16; field demo in FY17+
• Microgrid deployment State/regional • Individual states (NJ, VT, CT, NY) in FY 13-15 partnerships • Regional energy assurance in FY16+
• Scoping study in FY14 • New project starts in FY15 to achieve climate-neutral DC Microgrids buildings
Networked • Scoping study in FY15 • New FOA awards in FY16 for integra ng a network of Microgrids mul ple microgrids with distribu on systems
Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability 10 Microgrid for Peak Load Reduction
§ 25% of distribu on capacity Lower Peak Demand Reduces and 10% of genera on capacity Infrastructure Investments is used less than 5% each year
100% § 9 projects in 8 states on-going 90% to integrate DER to provide 80% 75% >15% peak demand reduc on 60% on a feeder or at a substa on 40%
Load Factor (%) Factor Load 5% = ~400 hrs/yr § Projects are either microgrids 20% or are developing technologies 0% that will advance microgrids 0% 5% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Percentage of Year
Elec tr ic Gener ation Dis tribution A s s et
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Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability 11 Fort Collins Zero Energy District (FortZED) Microgrid demonstra ng a coordinated and integrated system of mixed distribu on resources to achieve a 20-30 peak load reduc on on mul ple distribu on feeders
Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability 12 Santa Rita Jail
CERTS Microgrid Distributed energy resources Two 1 MW management system reduces peak backup diesel Controller demand in normal-mode and generators operates microgrid in island-mode
Connec on 1 MW to PG&E with fuel cell disconnect system
2 MW energy Five 2.3 storage kW wind system turbines
1.2 MW roo op
solar PV array 13
Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability 13 Energy Surety Microgrid Projects
DOE and DOD jointly fund Sandia Na onal Laboratory to work with military bases to develop energy surety microgrid conceptual designs
Conceptual Designs/ Small Scale Large Scale Operational Assessments Microgrid Demos Microgrid Demos Prototypes • Philadelphia Navy Yard – FY11, • Maxwell AFB – FY09, • SPIDERS JCTD – • H.R. 5136 National DOE OE/PIDC DoD FY11, DOE/DoD Defense Authorization • Camp Smith – FY10, DOE • Ft. Sill – FY09, DoD w/ • Camp Smith Act FEMP SNL serving as • Ft Carson advisor • West Point FY12, DoD/DOE • Hickam AFB • Indian Head NWC – FY09, DOE OE/DoD • Ft. Sill – FY08, Sandia LDRD • Ft. Bliss – FY10, DOE FEMP • Ft. Carson – FY10, DOE FEMP • Ft. Devens (99th ANG) – FY09, DOE OE/DoD • Ft. Belvoir – FY09 DOE OE/ FEMP • Cannon AFB – FY11, DOE OE/ DoD • Vandenberg AFB – FY11, DOE FEMP • Kirtland AFB – FY10, DOE OE/ DoD • Maxwell AFB – FY09, DoD/DOE
Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability 14 Smart Power Infrastructure Demonstration for Energy, Reliability, and Security (SPIDERS)
• SPIDERS is building three microgrids, each with increasing capability, which will func on as permanent energy systems for their sites – Site 1 (Joint Base Pearl Harbor Hickam): Completed – Site 2 (Fort Carson): Completed – Site 3 (Camp Smith): Completed preliminary design, demo in FY15 • The project will promote adop on of microgrid technology for DoD through: – Design and requirements methodology – Cyber security architecture
Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability 15 Microgrid Design Toolset (MDT)
DOE MICROGRID PROJECT
DESIGN TOOL SET OPERATIONAL VIEW INITIAL: JES 03 APR 2013 REVISED: JES 20 APR 2013 MDT Architecture
User Output Interface
Average Microgrid 1. Value performance analysis User 2. Constraint performance 2. Solution space characterization Cost Breakdown 3. Pareto chart (optional)
• Design: 15% • Equipment: 50% • User Input Interface IT, Communica ons, Decision Analysis Islanded Analysis Selections: /Optimization 1. Tool set mode: beginner (conceptual) or (TMO) (PRM) and Networking: 5% advanced (full optimization) 2. Energy analysis mode: electrical only or • Opera onal electrical/thermal
Data input (may include stochastics): Technology (OT): 1. Building loads (may leverage EnergyPlus data) 2. Market/tariff characteristics Grid-connected Engineering 3. Value/performance targets (grid-tied and islanded) Economic Analysis Evaluation 10% 4. Decision opportunities and variables (DER-CAM) (GridLAB-D) 5. Device/environmental models • Installa on and Commissioning: 20%
The contents of this figure are UNCLASSIFIED
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Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability 16 Microgrids for Resilience
U lizing WSU-Pullman microgrid to reduce switching opera ons for faster restora on and picking up more interrupted load during major outages
Brevoort Co-op, Manha an
“CERTS microgrid-co-gen system from Tecogen comes through for Greenwich Village Co-op building during superstorm Sandy.”
“The CERTS microgrid control technology is the most radical of all op ons-as well as the lowest cost-as it is embedded into a 100-kW CHP system offered by Tecogen” Peter Asmus, Navigant
Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability 17 State Partnerships
NJ TransitGrid Project § Microgrid to enhance grid-rail resiliency to serve over 900,000 riders/day § Key evacua on service for Manha an & N. New Jersey § MOU between DOE and State of NJ § Completed the feasibility study of a microgrid to for fy the public transporta on network Hoboken ESDM Project • Provide electrical power to support cri cal func ons up to 7 days for 52,000 residents in 1.2 sq. mi. • Key evacua on route for Manha an • DOE-Hoboken-BPU-Sandia-PSEG Partnership • Completed a microgrid conceptual design for Hoboken, NJ, to enhance system resilience post-Sandy
Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability 18 Supporting Smart and More Resilient Communities
FOA Objec ve: Advance microgrid system designs (<10MW) and control func onali es to support achievement of DOE program targets and community-defined resilience objec ves FOA Partnered Projects: >$12M in total investment (OE: 59%; Indian Energy: 9%; private sector: 33%); 2-year project period of performance, including 18-month R&D and 6-month tes ng, data collec on, and analysis
FY14 FY15 FY16 FY17 Downselec on for field demo
Issue date, Selec on Final test plan, 9 Tes ng completed for 31 Jan announcement, Awards finaliza on mos from award technical feasibility & 8 Sept economic performance Example text Example text •Example text
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Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability 19 Decision Analysis Tool for DC, DC/AC Hybrid, and AC Microgrids
Building on preliminary scoping study findings, tool will explore DC microgrids for remote off-grid applica ons (in FY15) and grid-connected, high survivability applica ons (in FY16)
A lab opportunity announcement for design tool development will be made: • Decision support analysis on all microgrid configura ons for remote off-grid applica ons • Prototype tool development completed within 12 months • Applica ons jointly planned with Indian Energy Program Source: EMerge Alliance and Arc c Council ac vi es New microgrid power distribu on topologies in buildings
Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability 20 Microgrid Resources
Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability h p://www.oe.energy.gov Microgrids h p://energy.gov/oe/role- Sandia Na onal Laboratory – microgrids-helping-advance- Energy Surety Microgrid™ na on-s-energy-system h p://energy.sandia.gov/? page_id=819
Berkeley Lab (DER-CAM and Interna onal Symposium) h ps://building- Microgrid workshop results microgrid.lbl.gov/projects/der- h p://www.e2rg.com/reports cam
Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability 21 Questions?
Contact Informa on:
Esther Bryan Project Manager [email protected]
Dan Ton Ac ng Deputy Assistant Secretary and Microgrid Program Manager Power Systems Engineering Research and Development Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability U.S. Department of Energy [email protected]
Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability 22