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In Memoriam Hans R. REINHARD Ophrys Reinhardiorum H. F

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In Memoriam Hans R. REINHARD Ophrys Reinhardiorum H. F Ber. Arbeitskrs. Heim. Orchid. 25 (1): - 30 In memoriam Hans R. REINHARD Ophrys reinhardiorum H. F. PAULUS spec. nov. und ihr Bestäuber Eupavlovskia funeraria. Zur Bestäubungsbio- logie und Taxonomie einer neuen Art der Ophrys rein- holdii-Gruppe aus Nordostgriechenland (Orchidaceae; Insecta, Apoidea) Hannes F. PAULUS Keywords: Ophrys reinhardiorum new species, Ophrys reinholdii group, pollinator Eu- pavlovskia funeraria (Apoidea, Melectini), pollination biology, distribution in North-East-Greece, biography of Hans R. REINHARD. Zusammenfassung/Summary: PAULUS, H. F. (2008): In memoriam Hans R. REINHARD: Ophrys reinhardi- orum H. F. PAULUS spec. nov. und ihr Bestäuber Eupavlovskia funeraria. Zur Bestäubungsbiologie und Taxonomie einer neuen Art der Ophrys rein- holdii-Gruppe aus Nordostgriechenland (Orchidaceae; Insecta, Apoidea). – Ber. Arbeitskrs. Heim. Orchid. 25 (1): - 30. Es wird eine neue Art der Ophrys reinholdii-Gruppe aus Nordost-Griechen- land beschrieben. Die Art nimmt eine Zwischenstellung zwischen Ophrys reinholdii und O. straussii ein, in dem sie kleinere Blüten, ein grünes Pe- rigon, bauchige Lippen und als Bestäuber Eupavlovskia funeraria hat. Sie blüht deutlich später als Ophrys reinholdii. Sie ist dem Ehepaar Ruth und Hans R. REINHARD aus Zürich gewidmet. Da letzterer kürzlich verstorben ist, wird ein kurzer Lebenslauf und eine Würdigung seiner Leistungen ge- bracht. Hans REINHARD war auch ein sehr guter Maler. Einige seiner Ophrys- Aquarelle werden hier gezeigt. Ber. Arbeitskrs. Heim. Orchid. 25 (1); 2008 PAULUS, H. F. (2008): In memoriam Hans R. REINHARD: Ophrys reinhar- diorum H. F. PAULUS spec. nov. and its pollinator Eupavlovskia funeraria. Regarding pollination biology and taxonomy of a new species of the Ophrys reinholdii group from north-eastern Greece (Orchidaceae; Insecta, Apoidea). – Ber. Arbeitskrs. Heim. Orchid. 25 (1): - 30 A new species of the Ophrys reinholdii-group from north-eastern Greece is described. This species is morphologically similar to O. reinholdii and O. straussii in as far as it has smaller flowers, a green perigon, bulging labellum and as its pollinator Eupavlovskia funeraria. It flowers considerably later than O. reinholdii. It has been dedicated to Ruth and Hans R. REINHARD from Zuerich. Hans R. REINHARD passed away recently and a short biogra- phy as well as an appreciation of his achievements have been put together. Hans R. REINHARD was also a very good painter and some of his Ophrys water colours have been printed. Einleitung cilicica hierher. Ophrys kurdistani- Die Arten der Ophrys cretica-rein- ca RENZ wird zwar als Synonym zu holdii-Gruppe sind durch schwarze O. cilicica betrachtet, doch das Ori- oder schwärzliche Labellumfärbung ginalmaterial mit guten Fotos aus mit weißer Malzeichnung gekenn- dem Herbar RENZ spricht für eine zeichnet (Abb. 1, 1D). Dies ist eine eigenständige Art. Als Bestäuber von Anpassung an ihre ebenso gefärb- Ophrys cilicica wird die Grabwespe ten Bestäuber der Bienengattungen Argogorytes spec. vermutet (PAU- Melecta und Eupavlovskia (Apidae, LUS & GACK 1990a). Hierzu liegt Anthophorinae, Melectini) (PAULUS ein guter fotographischer Beleg vor, & GACK 1990a, PAULUS 200), so- für den es aber bislang keine neuere weit sie bislang bekannt sind. Hier- Bestätigung gibt. Ophrys kotschyii her gehören Ophrys reinholdii (Abb. stellt offensichtlich eine Konver- 1), O. straussii (inkl. var. leucotae- genz zu dieser Artengruppe dar und nia) (Abb. 4), O. konyana KREUTZ gehört wahrscheinlich in die O. atti- & R.PETER 200 („Sippe Belören“), ca-rhodia-umbilicata-Gruppe (GÖLZ O. cretica (mit ihren geographischen & REINHARD 1985). Ihr Bestäuber Rassen subsp. beloniae aus Südrho- ist Melecta tuberculata (PAULUS & dos und subsp. bicornuta aus Ost- GACK 1990b), der gleichzeitig auch kreta) (Abb. 1C) und die früher alle Sippen von O. cretica in Kreta blühende O. ariadnae (Abb. 1D). und Rhodos bestäubt (PAULUS & Wahrscheinlich gehört auch Ophrys GACK 1990b). Ber. Arbeitskrs. Heim. Orchid. 25 (1); 2008 Schon vor vielen Jahren war mir im Ophrys reinholdii FLEISCHMANN Raum Elassona im nördlichen Thes- und ihr Bestäuber Eupavlovskia salien ab Ende April eine Ophrys rein- obscura (Abb. 1, 2, 3, 12) holdii-Sippe aufgefallen, die in ihrer Blütenerscheinung an Ophrys creti- Diese markante Art ist im östlichen ca-ariadnae erinnert und ein grünes Mittelmeerraum weit verbreitet, wenn Perigon besitzt. Sie wächst dort in sie auch nicht überall häufig ist. Erst- den Halbtrockenrasen zusammen mit mals wurde als Bestäuber Männchen Ophrys mammosa, O. leucophthal- der Trauerbiene Eupavlovskia ob- ma, O. helenae und Anacamptis scura (Abb. 2) von der Insel Rhodos pyramidalis. In späteren Jahren ver- genannt (BAUMANN & HALX 192 suchte ich, sie bestäubungsbiolo- als Melecta spec.; die spätere Deter- gisch von der typischen O. reinholdii mination erfolgte durch LIEFTINCK abzugrenzen, was endgültig Anfang 192). Die Gattung Eupavlovskia ist Mai 2001 gelang. Da sie einen ande- sehr nahe mit Melecta verwandt und ren Bestäuber als die weiter westlich werden wegen ihrer schwarz-weißen und vor allem südlich verbreitete O. Zeichnung als Trauerbienen bezeich- reinholdii hat und dieser gleichzeitig präsentierte O. reinholdii ignorierte, war der Nachweis geführt, dass die abweichende Blütenmorphologie ein Ausdruck ihrer artlichen Verschie- denheit gegenüber O. reinholdii ist. Dieser Schluss ergibt sich daraus, dass alle Ophrys-Arten mit artspezifi- schen Duftgemischen entsprechende Bestäubermännchen gezielt anlocken und zu Pseudokopulationen veranlas- sen (PAULUS & GACK 1990a, 1994, SCHIESTL et al. 1999, 2000; PAULUS 2005, 200, 200). Sie wird daher im Folgenden als neue Art beschrieben und dem kürzlich verstorbenen Alt- meister der europäischen Orchideen, Hans R. REINHARD sowie seiner Abb. 1: Blüte von Ophrys reinholdii mit buntem Peri- Frau Ruth aus Zürich (Abb. 15), ge- gon, wie es in den Ägäis-Populationen verbreitet ist; widmet. Rhodos, Embonas, 15. 4. 200 [fot. H. F. PAULUS] 8 Ber. Arbeitskrs. Heim. Orchid. 25 (1); 2008 Abb. 2: Männchen der Trauerbiene Eupavlovskia obscura bei der Pseudokopulation mit Ophrys reinholdii; Rhodos, Profitis Elias, 15. 4. 2006 [fot. H. F. AULUSP ] Ber. Arbeitskrs. Heim. Orchid. 25 (1); 2008 9 net. Beide sind so genannte Ku- auf Blüten von O. reinholdii sehen. ckucksbienen, da ihre Weibchen in Im Freiland provozierte Anflüge von den Nestern von Pelzbienen der Gat- dieser Bienenart erwiesen sich oft als tung Habropoda (Eupavlovskia) bzw. wenig effektiv. Die über große Are- der Gattung Anthophora (Melecta) ale frei fliegenden Männchen wur- parasitieren, in dem sie unerkannt den zwar oft angelockt, zeigten aber Eier in die Brutzellen ihrer Wirte meist nur schwaches Pseudokopula- legen und den eingetragenen Nah- tionsverhalten. Da Ophrys reinholdii rungsvorrat für sich nutzen. Außer in den Flugarealen dieser Männchen in Rhodos konnten wir bislang Be- meist nicht selten war, hatten alle stäuberbeobachtungen nur auf Naxos Männchen eben bereits Erfahrung und in Südgriechenland bei Amfissa mit dieser Orchidee. Die nächstver- machen. In Rhodos konnten wir in wandte E. funeraria haben wir in den Jahren 2000 und 2001 oft E. ob- Rhodos nicht finden können. Weite- scura mit Kopfpollinien, schließlich re Bestäubernachweise habe ich in 200 zahlreiche Pseudokopulationen S-Griechenland (oberhalb Elaeon, nördlich Amfissa, westl. Delphi/ Itea, 18.4.198, 20.4.2000) machen können, an einem Hang, auf dem ty- pische O. reinholdii zusammen mit Ophrys spruneri, O. delphinensis, Ophrys zeusii, Ophrys cornutula und in dichten Beständen Ophrys calo- caerina nicht selten waren. Ophrys reinhardiorum H. F. PAU- LUS spec. nov. und ihr Bestäuber Eupavlovskia funeraria (Abb. – 10, 12) Erstmals 198 fanden wir im nörd- lichen Thessalien im Gebiet südlich Elassona einen Ophrys cf. reinholdii Abb. 3: Blüte von Ophrys reinholdii mit grünlichem Bestand (ca. 15 Pflanzen), mit Blü- Perigon wie dies bei den Festland- und Ionischen ten, die in ihrer Gestalt und Färbung Insel-Populationen häufig ist; Kephallonia, nahe Fis- sehr stark an eine Zwischenform von kardo, 28. 3. 2005, [fot. H. F. PAULUS] 10 Ber. Arbeitskrs. Heim. Orchid. 25 (1); 2008 Abb. 4: Zwei Blüten von Ophrys straussii, die wohl stets ein buntes Perigon besitzt; NW-Iran, Prov. Kherman- sha, 1 km nordwestlich Kerend-Islamabad, 1400m, 8. 5. 2005, [fot. Heinz-Werner ZAISS] Marloffstein Abb. 5: Eine Gruppe von Ophrys reinhardiorum-Pflanzen in Hochblüte. Die Art findet sich bevorzugt in wiesi- gem Gelände; NO-Griechenland, SW-Flanke Olymp, bei Kriovrissi, 1100m, 8. 5. 2001, [fot. H. F. PAULUS] Ber. Arbeitskrs. Heim. Orchid. 25 (1); 2008 11 O. cretica mit O. reinholdii/straussii Freilandanflüge zu sehen, da Eupav- erinnerten (Abb. , 12) (PAULUS & lovskia-Männchen bereits zu selten GACK 1990b). Sie sind kleiner und waren. Mit 2 gefangenen Männchen schlanker als bei typischen O. rein- von E. funeraria machte ich schließ- holdii, das Perigon ist oft einfarbig lich etliche so genannter Akzep- grün. Das Mal ist wesentlich viel- tanztests (Röhrchen-Tests) (PAULUS gestaltiger und hat in der Regel Ver- 1988), in dem ich ihnen in einem bindung zur Lippenbasis. Es ähnelt größeren Röhrchen abwechselnd damit der Malform von O. straussii Blüten der typischen und der O. cre- bzw. O. reinholdii var. leucotaenia tica-ähnlichen O. reinholdii anbot. RENZ & TAUBENHEIM, ohne diesen Beide Männchen zeigten eindeutige Sippen aber sonst besonders ähnlich und lang anhaltende Pseudokopula- zu sein. Vermutlich haben WILLING tionen ausschließlich auf der O. cre- & WILLING
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