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Original language: English PC25 Inf. 4 CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA ___________________ Twenty-fifth meeting of the Plants Committee Geneva (Switzerland), 17 and 20-23 July 2020 PRODUCTS CONTAINING SPECIMENS OF APPENDIX-II ORCHIDS 1. This document has been prepared by the Secretariat and is submitted in relation to document PC25 Doc. 37 on Products containing specimen of Appendix-II orchids.1 2. The Annexes to this information document contain the original research done by Switzerland on which the analysis in PC25 Doc. 27 is based, in the language and format in which they were submitted to the Secretariat. 3. The Annexes contain information that relates to the following orchid species or products: Annex Species or product Summaries previously submitted by Switzerland 1 Vanda coerula PC23 Doc. 32 2 Vanda tesselata PC23 Doc. 32 3 Papilionanthe teres (Vanda teres) PC23 Doc. 32 4 Cypripedium parviflorum var. pubescens PC23 Doc. 32 5 Cymbidium spp. PC24 Doc. 28 6 Salep PC23 Doc. 32 7 Chikanda PC23 Doc. 32 8 Bletilla striata, Bulbophyllum spp., Cattleya spp., PC24 Doc. 28 Cycnoches cooperi, Dendrobium spp., Orchis spp., Paphiopedilum spp., Phalaenopsis spp. 9 Orchis spp., Dactylorhiza spp. PC24 Doc. 28 10 Flower and vibrational essences PC23 Doc. 32 11 Fragrances / Vanda spp. PC23 Doc. 32 12 Various – overview document PC23 Doc. 32 4. No specific document containing research on Gastrodia elata was submitted to the Secretariat. However, summary information is contained in document PC23 Doc. 32 and was included in the analysis presented in document PC25 Doc. 27. 1 The geographical designations employed in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the CITES Secretariat (or the United Nations Environment Programme) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The responsibility for the contents of the document rests exclusively with its author. PC25 Inf. 4 – p. 1 Case Study of Vanda coerulea Commissioned by Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office FSVO CITES Management Authority of Switzerland and Lichtenstein March 2017 Catherine Rutherford and Madeleine Groves Contents Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................................... 3 Taxonomy ......................................................................................................................................................... 4 Accepted name ................................................................................................................................................ 4 Synonyms .......................................................................................................................................................... 4 Common names .............................................................................................................................................. 5 Industry names ............................................................................................................................................... 6 Identification ................................................................................................................................................... 6 Distribution ...................................................................................................................................................... 6 Legal / conservation status ....................................................................................................................... 8 Wild harvesting ........................................................................................................................................... 11 Cultivation ...................................................................................................................................................... 12 Live plants and cut flowers ................................................................................................................ 12 Cultivation specifically for extraction purposes ....................................................................... 15 Commercially traded forms ................................................................................................................... 16 Raw material ............................................................................................................................................ 16 The use of raw material in traditional medicines .................................................................... 16 Processed forms ...................................................................................................................................... 17 Methods of extraction ............................................................................................................................... 19 Manufacturers and selected finished products in trade ............................................................ 20 Trade ................................................................................................................................................................ 22 Live plants ................................................................................................................................................. 22 Tissue cultured plants .......................................................................................................................... 23 Raw material ............................................................................................................................................ 23 Processed material ................................................................................................................................ 24 References ..................................................................................................................................................... 29 Blue Orchid Biogreen Specificiation Data Sheet, Greentech, France .................................... 33 2 Executive Summary Vanda coerulea is an epiphytic orchid found in India, Myanmar, Nepal, PR China and Thailand and likely to occur in Bhutan, Lao PDR and Viet Nam. This taxon has not yet been assessed for the IUCN Red List but threats include loss of habitat and collection for local / reGional medicinal and horticultural markets. These threats may have contributed to the restriction of the species ranGe, hence the lack of recorded occurrences in certain ranGe States. Due to over-collection this species was listed in Appendix I of CITES in 1979; it was later downlisted to Appendix II in 2005. Up-to-date field studies of this species throuGhout its ranGe are lackinG which leads to an incomplete assessment of its current conservation / population status and creates difficulties in assessinG the effects of trade on wild populations. This species is in cultivation worldwide, but it is its hybrids that are preferred in trade and which are in commercial cultivation for the live plant and cut flower industries. This species does not appear to be in General use in modern Ayurvedic medicine in Europe, but it is documented as used in local medicinal treatments in India. V. coerulea and its hybrids are also traded as extracts that are included as inGredients in finished cosmetic products. Outreach to the cosmetic industry indicates that the trade flow from raw material to finished cosmetic or personal care product can entail unprocessed or processed material (e.G. stems, aerial / flower tips, tissue cultured live plants, dried plants) beinG sourced from horticultural nurseries in ranGe States (e.G. Thailand and PR China) and non-ranGe States (e.G. France). No nurseries specifically GrowinG orchids for extraction purposes were identified for this report. This material Goes throuGh an extraction process, often carried out by companies based in Europe specialisinG in creatinG botanical extracts. Extraction companies identified in ranGe States, did not appear to sell extracts of V. coerulea, althouGh they may offer bespoke botanical extractions on application. These extracts are then sold on to finished cosmetic and personal care product manufacturers, often based in Europe, and distributed and sold worldwide. From CITES trade statistics coverinG the period 2005-2015, and outreach to the cosmetic industry, the trade in live specimens and parts and derivatives of this species and Vanda hybrids shows a clear pattern between a defined Group of CITES Parties. Much of the trade is comparatively new, commencinG in 2008, which corresponds with the increased submission of patents documentinG the cosmetic properties of this species. Overall, the trade is in artificially propagated live specimens and parts and derivatives of this species and is small in volume, althouGh there are no unique HS customs tariff codes to allow an in- depth analysis. Exports of this material come from two ranGe States, Thailand and PR China, and the major importer is France. France is also the only re-exporter of derivatives which implies the manufacture of extracts and finished products is beinG carried out in France. The trade in hybrids is recorded at the level of “Vanda hybrid” and, other than as live plants, Vanda hybrids are traded as four main commodities – roots, dried plants, tissue cultured plants and derivatives – all from artificially propagated sources and
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