DOCSLIB.ORG

Quantitative Estimation of Hesperidin by HPTLC in Different Varieties of Citrus Peels

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Quantitative Estimation of Hesperidin by HPTLC in Different Varieties of Citrus Peels Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2014; 4(4): 262-266 262 Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine journal homepage: www.apjtb.com Document heading doi:10.12980/APJTB.4.2014C1007 2014 by the Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine. All rights reserved. 襃 Quantitative estimation of hesperidin by HPTLC in different varieties of citrus peels 1 1 2 3 Prawez Alam *, Aftab Alam , Md. Khalid Anwer , Saleh I Alqasoumi 1Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Salman Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Salman Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 3Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia PEER REVIEW ABSTRACT Peer reviewer Objective: To develop a simple, selective, sensitive and accurate high-performance thin layer P r o f . M a g e d S A b d e l - K a d e r , chromatography (HPTLC) method to determine the quantity of hesperidin in different varieties of Department of Pharmacognosy, College citrusMethods: fruits. of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, The method was carried out in aluminum-backed silica gel 60 F254 plates with ethyl 21215 15 3 2 ( ) Alexandria , Egypt. acetate-methanol-waterResults: : : %, v/v as mobile phase. R E-mail: [email protected] A compact band was obtained for hesperidin at f value of (0.40依0.04). The calibration Comments plot was linear in the range of 100-800 ng/spot of hesperidin and the correlation coefficient of 0.998 6 was indicative of good linear dependence of peak area on concentration. Limit of detection (8.87 This is a good study in which the ng/spot), limit of quantification (23.21 ng/spot), accuracy (less than 2%) and recovery (ranging from ) authors work to estimate the amount 98Conclusions:.55-99.38 were found satisfactory. of hesperidin in different varieties of The method developed can be used for routine analysis of hesperidin in crude drug citrus peels. Statically data proved that as well as in herbal and pharmaceutical dosage form containing citrus fruits as an ingredient. proposed method can be used in wide range for detection and estimation of hesperidin in different varieties of citrus peels. KEYWORDS Details on Page 266 HPTLC, Citrus, Hesperidin 1. Introduction anticancer activity against the selected cell lines[8]. In literature, several analytical methods for the determination Hesperidin is a flavanone glycoside found abundantly in of hesperidin have been reported. Several high performance citrus fruits and possess antioxidant activity[1,2]. Hesperidin liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods were developed alone, or in combination with other citrus bioflavonoids for the estimation of hesperidin either alone or in mixture is used for blood vessel conditions such as hemorrhoids, with other flavonoids in plant juices and pharmaceutical ( ) I [9-15] A varicose veins, and poor circulation venous stasis . t formulations .- liquid chromatography tandem mass is also used to treat lymphedema, a condition involving spectrometry (LC MS/MS) method was developed for the fluid retention that can be a complication of breast simultaneous determination of naringin, hesperidin, cancer surgery[3]. The antiallergic activity of hesperidin is neohesperidin, naringenin and hesperetin in rat plasma, activated by intestinal microflora[4]. Hesperidin has anti- using liquiritin as the internal standard[16,17]. No single inflammatory and analgesic effects[5-7]. In addition, the method has been reported for the quantitative estimation of results revealed that hesperidin exhibited pronounced hesperidin by high performance thin layer chromatography *Corresponding author: Dr. Prawez Alam, Department of Pharmacognosy, College Article history: of Pharmacy, Salman Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Received 11 Jan 2013 Arabia. Received in revised form 19 Jan, 2nd revised form 23 Jan, 3rd revised form 5 Feb 2014 Tel: +966-532771723 Accepted 22 Feb 2014 E-mail: [email protected] Available online 28 Apr 2014 Foundation Project: Supported by Deanship of Scientific Research, Salman Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, KSA (Grant No.33/S/54). Prawez Alam et al./Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2014; 4(4): 262-266 263 (HPTLC) in different varieties of citrus fruits. Therefore the volumetric flask. aim of present investigation was to develop a simple, precise 2.4. Chromatographic conditions and accurate HPTLC densitometric method for the estimation of hesperidin (Figure 1). OH HPTLC densitometric analysis was performed on 10 cm伊20 HO cm aluminium-backed plates coated with 0.2 mm layers of HO silica gel 60 F254 (E-Merck, Germany). Samples were applied H3C O TLC 6 C A OH to the plates as mm bands using a amag utomatic O TLC Sampler 4 (ATS4) sample applicator (Switzerland) fitted OCH3 C A HO O with a amag microlitre syringe. constant application O O 150 L L HO rate of n /s was used. inear ascending development of OH the plates to a distance of 80 mm were performed with ethyl acetate-methanol-water 15:3:2 (%, v/v) hesperidin as mobile C A D C (ADC ) OH O phase in a amag utomatic eveloping hamber 2 2 Figure 1. 30 Chemical structure of hesperidin. previously° saturated with mobile phase vapour for min at 22 C. 2. Materials and methods 2.5. Method validation 2.1. Plant material The proposed HPTLC method was validated according to Citrus limetta Citrus sinensis the guidelines of international conference on harmonization M ( ) ( ) L (ICH)[18] T Citrus osambi lemon , orange Citrus paradise, emon . he linearity of the method for hesperidin was ( ) and grape fruits ( ) were checked between 100 and 800 ng/spot and concentration was purchased from local market of Al Kharj, Kingdom of plotted against peak area. Saudi Arabia. The plant was collected and identified by Accuracy, as recovery, was determined by the standard Dr. Mohammad Atiqur Rahman; taxonomist of Medicinal, addition method. Pre-analyzed samples of hesperidin (300 Aromatic and Poisonous Plants Research Center (MAPPRC), ng/spot) were spiked with extra hesperidin standard (0%, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia. 50%, 100%, and 150%) and the mixtures were reanalyzed. A voucher specimen 13998 was deposited in the Herbarium Percentage recovery and relative standard deviation (RSD, %) of the College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi were calculated for each concentration level. Arabia. Precision was assessed by determination of repeatability R 2.2. Chemicals and intermediate precision. epeatability of sample was determined as intra-day variation whereas intermediate precision was determined by assessment of inter-day Standard hesperidin was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, variation for analysis of hesperidin at three different St. Louis, MO, USA. All the solvents were of HPLC grade and amounts (300, 400, and 500 ng/spot) in six replicates. other chemicals used were of analytical reagent grade. Robustness of the proposed TLC densitometric method was Accurately weighed 1 mg of standard hesperidin (purity determined to evaluate the influence of small deliberate 99%) was dissolved in 5 mL methanol and heated on a water changes in the chromatographic conditions during bath to dissolve completely and then make up the volume determination of hesperidin. Robustness was determined by 10 up to mL with methanolµ in a volumetric flask to give changing the polarity of the mobile phase. 100 L D L (LOD) (LOQ) concentration i.e. of g/m . ifferent µvolumes of working imit of detection and limit of quantification standard, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 L were applied on were determined by standard deviation (SD) method. They thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The calibration curve were determined from the slope of the calibration (S) curve 100 800 SD was plotted in the range of - ng/spot, using data of and of the伊 blank sample using following equations: T LOD 3 3 SD S peak areas against the corresponding amount per spot. his = . 伊 / solution was used as a reference solution (stock solution) for LOQ=10 SD/S hesperidin. Specificity of the proposed TLC densitometric was Rf 2.3. Sample preparation for analysis of hesperidin in confirmed by analyzing and comparing the values and methanolic extract of citrus fruits spectra of the spot for hesperidin in the samples with that of the standards. 2.6. Quantification of hesperidin in different varieties of T (5 ) he air-dried peel g of citrus fruits were coarsely methanolic extract of citrus peels powdered, defatted with petroleum ether and then exhaustively extracted in a Soxhlet apparatus with methanol for 72 h. The solvent was evaporated to dryness under The test samples were applied and chromatograms were reduced pressure by use of a rotary vacuum evaporator and obtained under the same conditions as for analysis of the residue was separately dissolved in methanol in 50 mL standard hesperidin. The area of the peak corresponding to Prawez Alam et al./Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2014; 4(4): 262-266 264 R 3.3. Method validation the f value of hesperidin standard was recorded and the amount present was calculated from the regression equation 3.3.1. Precision obtained from the calibration plot. The accuracy of the method, as recovery, was 98.55-99.38%, RSD 0 68 1 12 3. Results with values in the range . - . These results indicated the accuracy of the method (Table 2). Results 3.1. Method development from determination of repeatability and intermediate SD (%) T 3 RSD precision, expressed as are shown in able- . was in the range 0.59-1.06 for repeatability and 0.76 1.20 for The mobile phase composition was optimized to establish intermediate precision. These low values indicated that the a suitable and accurate densitometric HPTLC method for method is precise[19]. analysis of hesperidin.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Thesis of Potentially Sweet Dihydrochalcone Glycosides
    University of Bath PHD The synthesis of potentially sweet dihydrochalcone glycosides. Noble, Christopher Michael Award date: 1974 Awarding institution: University of Bath Link to publication Alternative formats If you require this document in an alternative format, please contact: [email protected] General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 05. Oct. 2021 THE SYNTHESIS OF POTBTTIALLY SWEET DIHYDROCHALCOITB GLYCOSIDES submitted by CHRISTOPHER MICHAEL NOBLE for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of Bath. 1974 COPYRIGHT Attention is drawn to the fact that copyright of this thesis rests with its author.This copy of the the­ sis has been supplied on condition that anyone who con­ sults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with its author and that no quotation from the thesis and no information derived from it may be pub­ lished without the prior written consent of the author.
    [Show full text]
  • Treatment Protocol Copyright © 2018 Kostoff Et Al
    Prevention and reversal of Alzheimer's disease: treatment protocol Copyright © 2018 Kostoff et al PREVENTION AND REVERSAL OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: TREATMENT PROTOCOL by Ronald N. Kostoffa, Alan L. Porterb, Henry. A. Buchtelc (a) Research Affiliate, School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA (b) Professor Emeritus, School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA (c) Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, USA KEYWORDS Alzheimer's Disease; Dementia; Text Mining; Literature-Based Discovery; Information Technology; Treatments Prevention and reversal of Alzheimer's disease: treatment protocol Copyright © 2018 Kostoff et al CITATION TO MONOGRAPH Kostoff RN, Porter AL, Buchtel HA. Prevention and reversal of Alzheimer's disease: treatment protocol. Georgia Institute of Technology. 2018. PDF. https://smartech.gatech.edu/handle/1853/59311 COPYRIGHT AND CREATIVE COMMONS LICENSE COPYRIGHT Copyright © 2018 by Ronald N. Kostoff, Alan L. Porter, Henry A. Buchtel Printed in the United States of America; First Printing, 2018 CREATIVE COMMONS LICENSE This work can be copied and redistributed in any medium or format provided that credit is given to the original author. For more details on the CC BY license, see: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License<http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>. DISCLAIMERS The views in this monograph are solely those of the authors, and do not represent the views of the Georgia Institute of Technology or the University of Michigan. This monograph is not intended as a substitute for the medical advice of physicians. The reader should regularly consult a physician in matters relating to his/her health and particularly with respect to any symptoms that may require diagnosis or medical attention.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Phenolics: Bioavailability As a Key Determinant of Their Potential Health-Promoting Applications
    antioxidants Review Plant Phenolics: Bioavailability as a Key Determinant of Their Potential Health-Promoting Applications Patricia Cosme , Ana B. Rodríguez, Javier Espino * and María Garrido * Neuroimmunophysiology and Chrononutrition Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; [email protected] (P.C.); [email protected] (A.B.R.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (J.E.); [email protected] (M.G.); Tel.: +34-92-428-9796 (J.E. & M.G.) Received: 22 October 2020; Accepted: 7 December 2020; Published: 12 December 2020 Abstract: Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites widely spread throughout the plant kingdom that can be categorized as flavonoids and non-flavonoids. Interest in phenolic compounds has dramatically increased during the last decade due to their biological effects and promising therapeutic applications. In this review, we discuss the importance of phenolic compounds’ bioavailability to accomplish their physiological functions, and highlight main factors affecting such parameter throughout metabolism of phenolics, from absorption to excretion. Besides, we give an updated overview of the health benefits of phenolic compounds, which are mainly linked to both their direct (e.g., free-radical scavenging ability) and indirect (e.g., by stimulating activity of antioxidant enzymes) antioxidant properties. Such antioxidant actions reportedly help them to prevent chronic and oxidative stress-related disorders such as cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, among others. Last, we comment on development of cutting-edge delivery systems intended to improve bioavailability and enhance stability of phenolic compounds in the human body. Keywords: antioxidant activity; bioavailability; flavonoids; health benefits; phenolic compounds 1. Introduction Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites widely spread throughout the plant kingdom with around 8000 different phenolic structures [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Flavonoid Glucodiversification with Engineered Sucrose-Active Enzymes Yannick Malbert
    Flavonoid glucodiversification with engineered sucrose-active enzymes Yannick Malbert To cite this version: Yannick Malbert. Flavonoid glucodiversification with engineered sucrose-active enzymes. Biotechnol- ogy. INSA de Toulouse, 2014. English. NNT : 2014ISAT0038. tel-01219406 HAL Id: tel-01219406 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01219406 Submitted on 22 Oct 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Last name: MALBERT First name: Yannick Title: Flavonoid glucodiversification with engineered sucrose-active enzymes Speciality: Ecological, Veterinary, Agronomic Sciences and Bioengineering, Field: Enzymatic and microbial engineering. Year: 2014 Number of pages: 257 Flavonoid glycosides are natural plant secondary metabolites exhibiting many physicochemical and biological properties. Glycosylation usually improves flavonoid solubility but access to flavonoid glycosides is limited by their low production levels in plants. In this thesis work, the focus was placed on the development of new glucodiversification routes of natural flavonoids by taking advantage of protein engineering. Two biochemically and structurally characterized recombinant transglucosylases, the amylosucrase from Neisseria polysaccharea and the α-(1→2) branching sucrase, a truncated form of the dextransucrase from L. Mesenteroides NRRL B-1299, were selected to attempt glucosylation of different flavonoids, synthesize new α-glucoside derivatives with original patterns of glucosylation and hopefully improved their water-solubility.
    [Show full text]
  • In Chemistry, Glycosides Are Certain Molecules in Which a Sugar Part Is
    GLYCOSIDES Glycosides may be defined as the organic compounds from plants or animal sources, which on enzymatic or acid hydrolysis give one or more sugar moieties along with non- sugar moiety. Glycosides play numerous important roles in living organisms. Many plants store important chemicals in the form of inactive glycosides; if these chemicals are needed, the glycosides are brought in contact with water and an enzyme, and the sugar part is broken off, making the chemical available for use. Many such plant glycosides are used as medications. In animals (including humans), poisons are often bound to sugar molecules in order to remove them from the body. Formally, a glycoside is any molecule in which a sugar group is bonded through its carbon atom to another group via an O-glycosidic bond or an S-glycosidic bond; glycosides involving the latter are also called thioglycosides. The sugar group is then known as the glycone and the non-sugar group as the aglycone or genin part of the glycoside. The glycone can consist of a single sugar group (monosaccharide) or several sugar groups (oligosaccharide). Classification Classification based on linkages Based on the linkage of sugar moiety to aglycone part 1. O-Glycoside:-Here the sugar is combined with alcoholic or phenolic hydroxyl function of aglycone.eg:-digitalis. 2. N-glycosides:-Here nitrogen of amino group is condensed with a sugar ,eg- Nucleoside 3. S-glycoside:-Here sugar is combined with sulphur of aglycone,eg- isothiocyanate glycosides. 4. C-glycosides:-By condensation of a sugar with a cabon atom, eg-Cascaroside, aloin. Glycosides can be classified by the glycone, by the type of glycosidic bond, and by the aglycone.
    [Show full text]
  • Nine Traditional Chinese Herbal Formulas for the Treatment of Depression: an Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology Review
    Journal name: Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment Article Designation: Review Year: 2016 Volume: 12 Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment Dovepress Running head verso: Feng et al Running head recto: Chinese herbal formulas as antidepressants open access to scientific and medical research DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S114560 Open Access Full Text Article REVIEW Nine traditional Chinese herbal formulas for the treatment of depression: an ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacology review Dan-dan Feng Abstract: Depression is a major mental disorder, and is currently recognized as the Tao Tang second-leading cause of disability worldwide. However, the therapeutic effect of antidepressants Xiang-ping Lin remains unsatisfactory. For centuries, Chinese herbal formulas (CHFs) have been widely used in Zhao-yu Yang the treatment of depression, achieving better therapeutic effects than placebo and having fewer Shu Yang side effects than conventional antidepressants. Here, we review the ethnopharmacology, phy- Zi-an Xia tochemistry, and pharmacology studies of nine common CHFs: “banxia houpo” decoction, “chaihu shugansan”, “ganmaidazao” decoction, “kaixinsan”, “shuganjieyu” capsules, “sinisan”, Yun Wang “wuling” capsules, “xiaoyaosan”, and “yueju”. Eight clinical trials and seven meta-analyses have Piao Zheng supported the theory that CHFs are effective treatments for depression, decreasing Hamilton Yang Wang Depression Scale scores and showing few adverse effects. Evidence from 75 preclinical studies Chun-hu Zhang has also elucidated the multitarget and multipathway mechanisms underlying the antidepres- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, sant effect of the nine CHFs. Decoctions, capsules, and pills all showed antidepressant effects, Institute of Integrated Traditional ranked in descending order of efficacy. According to traditional Chinese medicine theory, these Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South CHFs have flexible compatibility and mainly act by soothing the liver and relieving depression.
    [Show full text]
  • Glycosides in Lemon Fruit
    Food Sci. Technol. Int. Tokyo, 4 (1), 48-53, 1998 Characteristics of Antioxidative Flavonoid Glycosides in Lemon Fruit Yoshiaki MIYAKE,1 Kanefumi YAMAMOT0,1 Yasujiro MORIMITSU2 and Toshihiko OSAWA2 * Central Research Laboratory of Pokka Corporation, Ltd., 45-2 Kumanosyo, Shikatsu-cho, Nishikasugai-gun, Aichi 481, Japan 2Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 46401, Japan Received June 12, 1997; Accepted September 27, 1997 We investigated the antioxidative flavonoid glycosides in the peel extract of lemon fruit (Citrus limon). Six flavanon glycosides: eriocitrin, neoeriocitrin, narirutin, naringin, hesperidin, and neohesperidin, and three flavone glycosides: diosmin, 6~-di- C-p-glucosyldiosmin (DGD), and 6- C-p-glucosyldiosmin (GD) were identified by high- performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Their antioxidative activity was examined using a linoleic acid autoxidation system. The antioxidative activity of eriocitrin, neoeriocitrin and DGD was stronger than that of the others. Flavonoid glycosides were present primarily in the peel of lemon fruit. There was only a small difference in the content of the flavonoid glycosides of the lemon fruit juice from various sources and varieties. Lemon fruit contained abundant amounts of eriocitrin and hesperidin and also contained narirutin, diosmin, and DGD, but GD, neoeriocitrin, naringin, and neohesperidin were present only in trace amounts. The content of DGD, GD, and eriocitrin was especially abundant in lemons and limes; however, they were scarcely found in other citrus fruits. The content of flavonoid compounds in lemon juice obtained by an in-line extractor at a juice factory was more abundant than that obtained by hand-squeezing. These compounds were found to be stable even under heat treatment conditions (121'C, 15 min) in acidic solution.
    [Show full text]
  • View PDF Version
    RSC Advances View Article Online PAPER View Journal | View Issue Comparative intestinal bacteria-associated pharmacokinetics of 16 components of Shengjiang Cite this: RSC Adv.,2017,7,43621 Xiexin decoction between normal rats and rats with irinotecan hydrochloride (CPT-11)-induced gastrointestinal toxicity in vitro using salting-out sample preparation and LC-MS/MS† Huanyu Guan, ab Xiaoming Wang,a Shiping Wang,b Yang He,a Jiajing Yue,a Shanggao Liao,b Yuanda Huanga and Yue Shi*a Shengjiang Xiexin decoction (SXD) exerts protective effects against gastrointestinal injury induced by irinotecan hydrochloride (CPT-11). The intestinal bacteria-associated in vitro pharmacokinetics of 16 components of SXD in normal rats and those with CPT-11-induced gastrointestinal toxicity were Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. compared in this study. A sensitive and reproducible ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the quantification of 16 components of SXD in a rat intestinal bacteria incubation system, using naringin, naringenin and tetrahydropalmatine as internal standards (ISs). The samples were prepared via salting-out assisted liquid–liquid extraction (SALLE) with NaCl to reduce matrix effects. Chromatographic separation was performed on a sub-2 mm analytical column with acetonitrile and 0.1% aqueous formic acid as mobile phase. All of the analyzed components and ISs were detected via multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) scanning with electrospray ionization. The proposed method was successfully applied for the in vitro This article is licensed under a pharmacokinetic analysis of the multiple components of a complex mixture consisting of a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and an intestinal bacterial incubation system.
    [Show full text]
  • GRAS Notice (GRN) No.901, Glucosyl Hesperidin
    GRAS Notice (GRN) No. 901 https://www.fda.gov/food/generally-recognized-safe-gras/gras-notice-inventory ~~~lECTV!~ITJ) DEC 1 2 20,9 OFFICE OF FOOD ADDITI\/c SAFETY tnC Vanguard Regulator~ Services, Inc 1311 Iris Circle Broomfield, CO, 80020, USA Office: + 1-303--464-8636 Mobile: +1-720-989-4590 Email: [email protected] December 15, 2019 Dennis M. Keefe, PhD, Director, Office of Food Additive Safety HFS-200 Food and Drug Administration 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy College Park, MD 20740-3835 Re: GRAS Notice for Glucosyl Hesperidin Dear Dr. Keefe: The attached GRAS Notification is submitted on behalf of the Notifier, Hayashibara Co., ltd. of Okayama, Japan, for Glucosyl Hesperidin (GH). GH is a hesperidin molecule modified by enzymatic addition of a glucose molecule. It is intended for use as a general food ingredient, in food. The document provides a review of the information related to the intended uses, manufacturing and safety of GH. Hayashibara Co., ltd. (Hayashibara) has concluded that GH is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) based on scientific procedures under 21 CFR 170.30(b) and conforms to the proposed rule published in the Federal Register at Vol. 62, No. 74 on April 17, 1997. The publically available data and information upon which a conclusion of GRAS was made has been evaluated by a panel of experts who are qualified by scientific training and experience to assess the safety of GH under the conditions of its intended use in food. A copy of the Expert Panel's letter is attached to this GRAS Notice.
    [Show full text]
  • Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Citrus Flavanones Mix
    antioxidants Article Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Citrus Flavanones Mix and Its Stability after In Vitro Simulated Digestion Marcella Denaro †, Antonella Smeriglio *,† and Domenico Trombetta Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy; [email protected] (M.D.); [email protected] (D.T.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-090-676-4039 † Both authors contributed equally. Abstract: Recently, several studies have highlighted the role of Citrus flavanones in counteracting oxidative stress and inflammatory response in bowel diseases. The aim of study was to identify the most promising Citrus flavanones by a preliminary antioxidant and anti-inflammatory screening by in vitro cell-free assays, and then to mix the most powerful ones in equimolar ratio in order to investigate a potential synergistic activity. The obtained flavanones mix (FM) was then subjected to in vitro simulated digestion to evaluate the availability of the parent compounds at the intestinal level. Finally, the anti-inflammatory activity was investigated on a Caco-2 cell-based model stimulated with interleukin (IL)-1β. FM showed stronger antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity with respect to the single flavanones, demonstrating the occurrence of synergistic activity. The LC-DAD-ESI- MS/MS analysis of gastric and duodenal digested FM (DFM) showed that all compounds remained unchanged at the end of digestion. As proof, a superimposable behavior was observed between FM and DFM in the anti-inflammatory assay carried out on Caco-2 cells. Indeed, it was observed that both FM and DFM decreased the IL-6, IL-8, and nitric oxide (NO) release similarly to the reference Citation: Denaro, M.; Smeriglio, A.; anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone.
    [Show full text]
  • Enhanced Protection of Biological Membranes During Lipid Peroxidation
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article Enhanced Protection of Biological Membranes during Lipid Peroxidation: Study of the Interactions between Flavonoid Loaded Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles and Model Cell Membranes Lucija Mandi´c 1, Anja Sadžak 1 , Vida Strasser 1, Goran Baranovi´c 2, Darija Domazet Jurašin 1 , Maja Dutour Sikiri´c 1 and Suzana Šegota 1,* 1 Ruđer Boškovi´cInstitute, Division of Physical Chemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; [email protected] (L.M.); [email protected] (A.S.); [email protected] (V.S.); [email protected] (D.D.J.); [email protected] (M.D.S.) 2 Ruđer Boškovi´cInstitute, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +385-1-456-1185 Received: 14 April 2019; Accepted: 30 May 2019; Published: 1 June 2019 Abstract: Flavonoids, polyphenols with anti-oxidative activity have high potential as novel therapeutics for neurodegenerative disease, but their applicability is rendered by their poor water solubility and chemical instability under physiological conditions. In this study, this is overcome by delivering flavonoids to model cell membranes (unsaturated DOPC) using prepared and characterized biodegradable mesoporous silica nanoparticles, MSNs. Quercetin, myricetin and myricitrin have been investigated in order to determine the relationship between flavonoid structure and protective activity towards oxidative stress, i.e., lipid peroxidation induced by the addition of hydrogen peroxide and/or Cu2+ ions. Among investigated flavonoids, quercetin showed the most enhanced and prolonged protective anti-oxidative activity. The nanomechanical (Young modulus) measurement of the MSNs treated DOPC membranes during lipid peroxidation confirmed attenuated membrane damage.
    [Show full text]
  • Increasing Hesperetin Bioavailability by Modulating Intestinal Metabolism and Transport
    Walter Brand Walter Increasing hesperetin bioavailabiliy by modulating intestinal metabolism and transport and metabolism intestinal by modulating bioavailabiliy hesperetin Increasing Increasing hesperetin bioavailability by modulating intestinal metabolism and transport Walter Brand Boekomslag Walter.indd 1 15-4-2010 8:51:54 Increasing hesperetin bioavailability by modulating intestinal metabolism and transport Walter Brand Thesis committee Thesis supervisors Prof. dr. ir. Ivonne M.C.M. Rietjens Professor of Toxicology Wageningen University Prof. dr. Gary Williamson Professor of Functional Food University of Leeds, UK Prof. dr. Peter J. van Bladeren Professor of Toxico-kinetics and Biotransformation Wageningen University Other members Prof. dr. Martin van den Berg, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht Dr. Peter C.H. Hollman, RIKILT, Wageningen Prof. dr. Frans G.M. Russel, Radboud University Nijmegen Prof. dr. Renger F. Witkamp, Wageningen University This research was conducted under the auspices of the Graduate School VLAG Increasing hesperetin bioavailability by modulating intestinal metabolism and transport Walter Brand Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of doctor at Wageningen University by the authority of Rector Magnificus Prof. dr. M.J. Kroppf, in the presence of the Thesis Committee appointed by the Academic Board to be defended in public on Friday 28 May 2010 at 4 p.m. in the Aula Title: Increasing hesperetin bioavailability by modulating intestinal metabolism and transport 168 pages
    [Show full text]