Variability in Lotic Communities in Three Contrasting Stream Environments in the Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999-2001
Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5217
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
National Water-Quality Assessment Program Front cover description and credits:
Variability in Lotic Communities in Three Contrasting Stream Environments in the Santa Ana Basin, California, 1999-2001
Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5217
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Photograph: Photograph: Photograph:
Santa Ana River Santa Ana River at South Fork of below Prado Dam Metropolitan Water Santa Ana River (photo credit: District’s pipeline (photo credit: Carmen A. Burton, crossing near Carmen A. Burton, U.S. Geological Arlington U.S. Geological Survey, taken (photo credit: Survey, taken January 8, 1998) Carmen A. Burton, January 6, 1998) U.S. Geological Survey, taken January 7, 1998)
National Water-Quality Assessment Program Description of invertebrates and algae
Aquatic invertebrates Freshwater algae Cocconeis Chironomidas Hydropsychidal Hydroptilidae placentula
Photography: Photography: Daniel Pickard, retrieved with permission, March 23, 2006, from Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, http://www.dfg.ca.gov/cabw/Lab/inverthome.html Phycology Section, Patrick Center for Environmental Research, retrieved with permission, June 23, 2006, from http://diatom.acnatsci.org/AlgaeImage/ImageIM002408 Variability in Lotic Communities in Three Contrasting Stream Environments in the Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999–2001
By Carmen A. Burton
National Water-Quality Assessment Program
Scientific Investigations Report 2008–5217
U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Mark D. Myers, Director
U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2009
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Suggested reference: Burton, C.A., 2009, Variability in lotic communities in three contrasting stream environments in the Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999–2001: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5217, 77 p. Available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5217/ iii
FOREWORD
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is committed to providing the Nation with credible scientific information that helps to enhance and protect the overall quality of life and that facilitates effective management of water, biological, energy, and mineral resources (http://www.usgs.gov/). Information on the Nation’s water resources is critical to ensuring long-term availability of water that is safe for drinking and recreation and is suitable for industry, irrigation, and fish and wildlife. Population growth and increasing demands for water make the availability of that water, now measured in terms of quantity and quality, even more essential to the long-term sustainability of our communities and ecosystems. The USGS implemented the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program in 1991 to support national, regional, State, and local information needs and decisions related to water-quality management and policy (http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa). The NAWQA Program is designed to answer: What is the condition of our Nation’s streams and ground water? How are conditions changing over time? How do natural features and human activities affect the quality of streams and ground water, and where are those effects most pronounced? By combining information on water chemistry, physical characteristics, stream habitat, and aquatic life, the NAWQA Program aims to provide science-based insights for current and emerging water issues and priorities. From 1991-2001, the NAWQA Program completed interdisciplinary assessments and established a baseline understanding of water-quality conditions in 51 of the Nation’s river basins and aquifers, referred to as Study Units (http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa/studyu.html). Multiple national and regional assessments are ongoing in the second decade (2001–2012) of the NAWQA Program as 42 of the 51 Study Units are reassessed. These assessments extend the findings in the Study Units by determining status and trends at sites that have been consistently monitored for more than a decade, and filling critical gaps in characterizing the quality of surface water and ground water. For example, increased emphasis has been placed on assessing the quality of source water and finished water associated with many of the Nation’s largest community water systems. During the second decade, NAWQA is addressing five national priority topics that build an understanding of how natural features and human activities affect water quality, and establish links between sources of contaminants, the transport of those contaminants through the hydrologic system, and the potential effects of contaminants on humans and aquatic ecosystems. Included are topics on the fate of agricultural chemicals, effects of urbanization on stream ecosystems, bioaccumulation of mercury in stream ecosystems, effects of nutrient enrichment on aquatic ecosystems, and transport of contaminants to public-supply wells. These topical studies are conducted in those Study Units most affected by these issues; they comprise a set of multi-Study-Unit designs for systematic national assessment. In addition, national syntheses of information on pesticides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nutrients, selected trace elements, and aquatic ecology are continuing. The USGS aims to disseminate credible, timely, and relevant science information to address practical and effective water-resource management and strategies that protect and restore water quality. We hope this NAWQA publication will provide you with insights and information to meet your needs, and will foster increased citizen awareness and involvement in the protection and restoration of our Nation’s waters. The USGS recognizes that a national assessment by a single program cannot address all water-resource issues of interest. External coordination at all levels is critical for cost-effective management, regulation, and conservation of our Nation’s water resources. The NAWQA Program, therefore, depends on advice and information from other agencies—Federal, State, regional, interstate, Tribal, and local—as well as nongovernmental organizations, industry, academia, and other stakeholder groups. Your assistance and suggestions are greatly appreciated. Matthew C. Larsen Associate Director for Water iv v
Contents
Abstract ...... 1 Introduction ...... 2 Study Design...... 3 Description of Study Area...... 3 Data Collection and Analysis...... 3 Site Selection...... 3 Sample Collection...... 5 Data Analysis...... 6 Variability of Benthic Algae, Macroinvertebrates, and Fish...... 7 Benthic Algae...... 7 Macroinvertebrates...... 8 Fish ...... 11 Variability in Habitat and Water Quality ...... 14 Relationship of Biological Variability to Habitat Variability...... 15 Benthic Algae...... 15 Macroinvertebrates...... 16 Implications of Variability to Biomonitoring or Water Management Issues...... 18 Summary and Conclusions...... 21 References ...... 21 Appendixes...... 24
Figures
Figure 1. Map showing location of study area, ecology sites, landuse, and ecoregions within the study area………………………………………………………………… 4 Figure 2. Cluster dendrogram showing the results of an unweighted group average linkage cluster analysis of benthic algae data collected from four sites (SF, UPH, MWD, and PRD) in the Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999–2001 … …………… 8 Figure 3. Cluster dendrogram showing the results of an unweighted group average linkage cluster analysis of macroinvertebrate data collected from four sites (SF, UPH, MWD, and PRD) in the Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999–2001… …………… 11 Figure 4. Cluster dendrogram showing the results of an unweighted group average linkage cluster analysis of fish data collected from four sites (SF, UPH, MWD, and PRD) in the Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999–2001 ………………………………… 14 Figure 5. Graphs showing the relationships of the coefficient of variation of selected habitat variables to the coefficient of variation of selected benthic algae metrics collected at three sites (SF, MWD, and PRD) in the Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999–2001………………………………………………………………… 16 Figure 6. Graphs showing the relationships of the coefficient of variation of selected habitat variables to the coefficient of variation of selected macroinvertebrate metrics collected at three sites (SF, MWD, and PRD) in the Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999–2001 ………………………………………………………… 18 vi
Tables
Table 1. Sites sampled for benthic algae, macroinvertebrates, fish, and habitat assessment during the summers of 1999, 2000, and 2001 in the Santa Ana River Basin, California… ………………………………………………………… 5 Table 2. Physical habitat variables measured and method of measurement, during the summers of 1999, 2000, and 2001, at four sites in the Santa Ana River Basin, California… ……………………………………………………………………… 6 Table 3. Coefficients of variation for benthic algae metrics that showed significant differences between sites, Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999–2001… …… 9 Table 4. Coefficients of variation for benthic macroinvertebrate metrics that showed significant differences among three sites, Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999–2001………………………………………………………………………… 12 Table 5. Coefficients of variation of habitat variables for the three summers of 1999−2001 for three sites in the Santa Ana River Basin, California… …………… 15 Table 6. Benthic algae metric coefficients of variation that show a positive or negative association with the coefficient of variation of at least one habitat variable… … 17 Table 7. Macroinvertebrate metric coefficient of variations that show a positive or negative association with the coefficient of variation of at least one habitat variable…………………………………………………………………………… 19
Appendix tables
Appendix 1. Values for environmental variables measured during summers of 1999, 2000, and 2001 at four sites in the Santa Ana River Basin, California… ……………… 25 Appendix 2. Benthic algae taxa collected from four sites in the Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999−2001… ………………………………………………………… 27 Appendix 3. Benthic algae taxa and their densities from richest-targeted habitat samples collected from four sites in the Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999−2001…… 36 Appendix 4. Benthic algae taxa and their densities from depositional-targeted habitat samples collected from four sites in the Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999−2001………………………………………………………………………… 42 Appendix 5. Benthic algae metrics calculated from qualitative multihabitat, richest- targeted habitat, and depositional-targeted habitat samples collected from four sites in the Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999−2001… ……………… 49 Appendix 6. Macroinvertebrate taxa collected from four sites in the Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999−2001……………………………………………………… 54 Appendix 7. Macroinvertebrate taxa from richest-targeted habitat samples collected from four sites in the Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999−2001……………… 63 Appendix 8. Macroinvertebrate metrics calculated from qualitative and richest-targeted samples from four sites in the Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999−2001… … 70 Appendix 9. Data from fish collected from four sites during the summers 1999−2001 in the Santa Ana River Basin, California… ………………………………………… 76 vii
Abbreviations and Acronyms
(Clarification or additional information given in parentheses)
ANOVA analysis of variance CV coefficient of variation DTH depositional-targeted habitat EPT sum of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera FFG functional feeding groups IDAS Invertebrate Data Analysis System (USGS) P significance level PRD Santa Ana River below Prado Dam QMH qualitative multihabitat RTH richest-targeted habitat SF South Fork of the Santa Ana River near Angeles Oaks UPH Santa Ana River at upper powerhouse near Running Springs
Organizations EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency MWD Santa Ana River at Metropolitan Water District’s pipeline crossing near Arlington NAWQA National Water-Quality Assessment (USGS) NWQL National Water Quality Laboratory (USGS) SAWPA Santa Ana Watershed Project Authority USGS U.S. Geological Survey
Units of Measurement cm centimeter (1 cm = 0.3937 in) ft foot (feet) in. inch km kilometer (1 km = 0.6214 mi) km2 square kilometer m meter (1 m = 3.281 ft) m2 square meter mi mile mi2 square mile mm millimeter (10–3 meter) µm micrometer (10–6 meter) Notes Temperature in degrees Celsius (°C) may be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) as follows: °F = (1.8 × °C) + 32
Vertical coordinate information is referenced to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88). Horizontal coordinate information is referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83). Altitude, as used in this report, refers to distance above the vertical datum.
Specific conductance is given in microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius (µS/cm at 25 °C). Variability in Lotic Communities in Three Contrasting Stream Environments in the Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999–2001
By Carmen A. Burton
at the mountain site. In contrast, CVs of most benthic algae Abstract metrics calculated from depositional-targeted habitat (DTH) samples were lower at the mountain site. In general, CVs Biotic communities and environmental conditions of macroinvertebrate metrics calculated from qualitative can be highly variable between natural ecosystems. The multihabitat (QMH) samples were lower at the mountain variability of natural assemblages should be considered in the site. In contrast, CVs of many metrics calculated from RTH interpretation of any ecological study when samples are either samples were greater at the mountain site than at one of the spatially or temporally distributed. Little is known about biotic basin sites. Fish communities were more variable at the basin variability in the Santa Ana River Basin. In this report, the sites because more species were present at these sites. lotic community and habitat assessment data from ecological Annual variability of benthic algae metrics was related studies done as part of the U.S. Geological Survey’s National to annual variability in habitat variables. The CVs of benthic Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program are used for a algae metrics related to the most CVs of habitat variables preliminary assessment of variability in the Santa Ana Basin. included QMH taxon richness, the RTH percentage richness, Habitat was assessed, and benthic algae, benthic RTH abundance of tolerant taxa, RTH percentage richness of macroinvertebrate, and fish samples were collected at four halophilic diatoms, RTH percentage abundance of sestonic sites during 1999–2001. Three of these sites were sampled diatoms, DTH percentage richness of nitrogen heterotrophic all three years. One of these sites is located in the San diatoms, and DTH pollution tolerance index. The CVs of Bernardino Mountains, and the other two sites are located in macroinvertebrate metrics related to the most CVs of habitat the alluvial basin. Analysis of variance determined that the variables included the RTH trichoptera, RTH EPT, RTH three sites with multiyear data were significantly different for scraper richness, RTH nonchironomid dipteran abundance 41 benthic algae metrics and 65 macroinvertebrate metrics (in percent), and RTH EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection and fish communities. Coefficients of variation (CVs) were Agency) tolerance, which is based on abundance. Many of the calculated for the habitat measurements, metrics of benthic CVs of habitat variables related to CVs of macroinvertebrate algae, and macroinvertebrate data as measures of variability. metrics were the same habitat variables that were related Annual variability of habitat data was generally greater at the to the CVs of benthic algae metrics. On the basis of these mountain site than at the basin sites. The mountain site had results, annual variability may have a role in the relationship higher CVs for water temperature, depth, velocity, canopy of benthic algae and macroinvertebrates assemblages with angle, streambed substrate, and most water-quality variables. habitat and water quality in the Santa Ana Basin. This report In general, CVs of most benthic algae metrics calculated provides valuable baseline data on the variability of biological from the richest-targeted habitat (RTH) samples were greater communities in the Santa Ana Basin. 2 Variability in Lotic Communities, Three Contrasting Stream Environments, Santa Ana River Basin, Calif., 1999–2001
Introduction Several studies indicate that variation in fish assemblages is correlated to environmental variables or variation in these Biotic communities and habitat conditions are known variables. Herbert and Gelwick (2003) explained variation to be highly heterogeneous in natural ecosystems. This in fish assemblages in a Texas stream by instream structure, heterogeneity is observed at multiple spatial scales ranging hydrologic and physicochemical factors, and drainage from river systems to microhabitats within stream reaches. features. In Minnesota and North Dakota, some species of Variability of natural assemblages should be considered in the fish were correlated with low variability in physical and interpretation of any ecological study when samples are either chemical variables (Koel and Peterka, 2003). In central spatially or temporally distributed. Europe, Slavik and Bartos (2001) observed decreased variation Variance of community composition or habitat can be a in fish assemblages in response to anthropogenic increases factor with ecological relevance (Palmer and others, 1997). in variation in the physical environment, specifically for Many papers (some cited by Palmer and others, 1997) suggest dissolved oxygen. Fayram and others (2005) observed higher three reasons why studying variance in biotic communities variability of index of biotic integrity scores for cold-water or habitat may aid in understanding stream ecosystems. First, fish in smaller Wisconsin streams compared with larger factors that affect ecological processes may be identified by streams. a close examination of individual data points that contribute Because factors affecting variability of biota depend on to variance. Second, changes in variance with spatial scale scale (Andrew and others, 2003; Heino and others, 2003; Li may lead to a better understanding of stream ecosystems. and others 2001; Wiens, 1989), scale needs to be considered And third, identification of domains, areas of scale where the when changes in biological communities are assessed over variance of a factor does not change (Wiens, 1989), also may space. This could partially explain why findings of different lead to better understanding of stream ecosystems. studies do not always agree (Wiens, 1989). Effects of variability in benthic algae or habitat have Few studies of biological communities have been not been studied extensively. However, Cardinale and others conducted in the Santa Ana River Basin. The U.S. Forest (2002) found that increased habitat heterogeneity resulted in Service has collected biological data pertaining to forest lands, increased primary productivity of stream algae. Large spatial especially data on fish populations. The Santa Ana Watershed variability was observed in some marine algae within similar Project Authority (SAWPA) funded a study to determine habitats at the local scale (Wahl, 2001). On the other hand, the attainable uses of the Santa Ana River, especially in variability in benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages has the inland basin. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the been studied for many years. Needham and Usinger (1956) California Department of Fish and Game, and SAWPA are studied the macroinvertebrate genera in a riffle in Prosser involved in a study to devise strategies to aid the endangered Creek, near Truckee, California, and found that most genera Santa Ana sucker. Very few studies of macroinvertebrates or preferred moderate depths and velocities. In more recent benthic algae have been conducted in the basin and none have studies, variation in macroinvertebrates was found at scales as addressed the issues of spatial or annual variability. small as groups (patches) of stones (Barmuta, 1990; Downes The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) incorporated and others, 1993; Palmer and others, 2000). For example, ecological studies as part of the National Water-Quality in a northern Virginia stream, the spatial arrangement of Assessment (NAWQA) program (Gilliom and others, 1995). patches or microhabitats was correlated to macroinvertebrate The Santa Ana Basin is one of more than 50 major river basins abundance (Palmer and others, 2000). In central Texas, a in the United States (U.S.) included in the NAWQA program. greater abundance of most macroinvertebrates was found One purpose of these studies is to use the condition of aquatic toward the heads of riffles (Brown and Brown, 1984), which biological communities as an indicator of the physical and contrasts with the findings in Prosser Creek by Needham chemical condition of water and hydrologic systems in the and Usinger (1956). In northern New Hampshire, benthic U.S. (Gilliom and others, 1995). The data from the Santa Ana macroinvertebrate richness increased and macroinvertebrate NAWQA study was used for a preliminary assessment of variability decreased with increasing habitat heterogeneity variability in the Santa Ana Basin. (Brown, 2003). In two rivers with different channel forms The purposes of this report are to assess (1) annual in New Zealand, seasonal variation in species composition variability at each site for various biological measures, (2) the was lower in the river that had the less stable streambed relationship of variability in biological measures to habitat substrate (Fowler and Death, 2000). Spatial variation in and water quality variability, and (3) implications of any such macroinvertebrates also occurs at larger scales, such as relationship for biomonitoring or water management issues between streams or ecoregions, for macroinvertebrate richness in the Santa Ana Basin. In addition, biological community metrics (Li and others, 2001). All these studies indicate a information and habitat assessment data are listed in the relationship between macroinvertebrate variability and habitat. appendixes. Study Design 3
Study Design Data Collection and Analysis
Description of Study Area Site Selection The Santa Ana Basin study design for NAWQA included The Santa Ana River Basin is the largest stream system seven surface-water fixed sites as part of a surface-water in southern California, encompassing almost 6,900 km2 network. These sites were chosen to either represent stream (2,670 mi 2) of densely populated coastal area (fig. 1). The water-quality conditions resulting from a specific land use or river begins in the San Bernardino Mountains (which reach to represent stream water-quality conditions resulting from altitudes exceeding 3,000 m (10,000 ft)) and flows more than a combination of land uses and other influences. Ecology 160 km (100 mi) to the Pacific Ocean. The watershed is home studies were not carried out at three of the fixed sites because to almost 4.8 million people, and the population is expected the channels were completely or partially concrete-lined. The to reach 7 million by the year 2025 (Santa Ana Watershed four remaining sites ranged from high in the San Bernardino Project Authority, accessed June 9, 2003). Mountains near the headwaters of the Santa Ana River to just The basin is divided between two ecoregions, the below Prado Dam (fig. 1). These four sites are listed in table 1. Southern California Mountains ecoregion and the Southern The first site is located on the South Fork of the and Central California Chaparral and Oak Woodlands Santa Ana River near Angeles Oaks in the San Bernardino ecoregion (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, accessed Mountains (hereinafter, SF). It is an alpine site located in the September 3, 2004). Most of the urban and agricultural land Southern California Mountains ecoregion (U.S. Environmental uses occur in the alluvium-filled valleys and coastal plains Protection Agency, accessed Sept. 3, 2004). The stream of the Southern and Central California Chaparral and Oak channel consists mostly of bedrock, boulders, and cobbles. Woodlands ecoregion (fig. 1). Land use is undeveloped forest, mainly pines. The basin has a Mediterranean climate, characterized The second site is located on the Santa Ana River at by hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters. Average annual the upper powerhouse near Running Springs (hereinafter, precipitation ranges from about 25 to 60 cm (10 to 24 in.) UPH). This site is located near the base of the San Bernardino in the coastal plains and inland valleys, and from 60 to 120 Mountains in the Southern California Mountains ecoregion cm (24 to 48 in.) in the San Gabriel and San Bernardino (fig. 1). The stream channel consists mostly of large boulders Mountains (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1994). This and cobbles. Land use is mostly undeveloped chaparral forest study started at the beginning of a drought period with annual with willows, cottonwoods, and alders in the riparian corridor. precipitation well below the norm (Belitz and others, 2004). This site is located upstream of the Seven Oaks Dam, which The hydrologic system of the basin has been greatly was under construction during the period of this study. The altered. At higher elevations in the mountains, the streams water quality from this site is similar to that measured at a are relatively unaltered except for intense recreational use USGS gage located near the Seven Oaks Dam, which was part and some diversions for hydroelectric power production on of the NAWQA surface-water network. the Santa Ana River. At the transition from the mountains The third site is located upstream of the Metropolitan to the valley, most streams are diverted directly to public Water District’s pipeline crossing of the Santa Ana River drinking-water supplies or to ground-water-recharge facilities. in the inland basin (hereinafter, MWD). This site is located As a result of these alterations to the system and the natural within the Southern and Central California Chaparral and Oak Mediterranean climate, streams generally do not flow onto the Woodlands ecoregion (fig. 1). The river at this site is a broad, valley floor, except during large stormflows that exceed the shallow, sand channel constricted by bedrock outcrops on both capacity of the diversions. banks. Baseflow is primarily treated wastewater supplemented Flow is re-established in many low-elevation valley with ground water forced upward by the bedrock outcrops. streams by various combinations of urban runoff, ground The riparian vegetation was primarily Arundo donax (an water, or discharges from wastewater treatment plants. These invasive, non-native cane), with small amounts of cattails, streams are composed of 70–100 percent treated wastewater rushes, willows, and cottonwoods. The A. donax was removed (Mendez and Belitz, 2002). All of the base-flow of the river during the second and third years of the study. Outside of the is diverted to a ground-water-recharge facility several miles riparian corridor, land use is primarily urban. downstream of Prado Dam. During the period of this study (summer 1999 to summer 2001), precipation was less than the 30-year average. Streamflows in many tributaries to the Santa Ana River were generally near historical lows during base- flow conditions. 4 Variability in Lotic Communities, Three Contrasting Stream Environments, Santa Ana River Basin, Calif., 1999–2001
118 00’ 45’ 30’ 15’ 117 00’ 116 45’ San Gabriel Mts
34 15’ San Bernardino Mts Southern Ca lifo ern and Cen rn South Fork South tr ia Cucamonga al M Ca o li u fo nt INLAND rn ains Santa Ana River ia
BASIN ecoregion at upper powerhouse C San h
Cr a River p San Bernardino a Chino Cr r Bernardino ra l County 34 00’
Ana Riverside County a anta Riverside n S d Chino Hills
Santa Ana River O a at MWD crossing k
River W San Jacinto Mts Santa Ana River o o Santa Ana Mts d M below Prado Dam l County a S Anaheim River n o o d u u s n t Los Angeles County t h SAN JACINTO a e Ana COASTAL in r Orange n e s 33 45’ San Jacinto BASIN c e C BASIN o c a r o l e r i g e fo i g r Santa Ana o io n n n i a Santa Pacific Ocean
County
Orange Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital elevation Ecoregion data from U.S. Environmental Protection 0 10 data, 1999, Albers Equal-Area Conic Projection. 20 MILES Agency Level III Ecoregions, 2004 Population density data from 1990 U.S. Census. Land use data from 1993 Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG). 0 10 20 KILOMETERS
EXPLANATION California Land use
Santa Ana Urban River Basin Lakebed-Intermittently flooded San Francisco Agricultural Santa Ana surface-water Undeveloped-< 50 people basin study area boundary per square mile Los Angeles Subbasin boundary San Diego Ecological site Ecoregion boundary
Figure 1. Location of study area, ecology sites, landuse, and ecoregions within the study area.
The fourth site is located on the Santa Ana River below control and a permanent pool is not maintained behind the Prado Dam (hereinafter, PRD). This site is also located in dam. Baseflow is primarily treated wastewater. Upstream of the Southern and Central California Chaparral and Oak Prado Dam, a series of wetlands were constructed to act as a Woodlands ecoregion (fig. 1). The stream channel consists of treatment facility for the removal of nitrate from the Santa Ana mainly cobbles and gravel. Prado Dam is operated for flood River. Study Design 5
Table 1. Sites sampled for benthic algae, macroinvertebrates, fish, and habitat assessment during the summers of 1999, 2000, and 2001 in the Santa Ana River Basin, California.
[mi2, square mile; MWD, Metropolitan Water District; no., number; USGS, U.S. Geological Survey]
Sample Total basin area Ecology sampling USGS station no. Station name identification (mi2) dates SF99 341014116494801 South Fork of the Santa Ana River 7 July 21−22, 1999 SF00 July 10−11, 2000 SF01 July 23−25, 2001 UPH99 340843117032501 Santa Ana River at upper powerhouse 154 July 19−20, 1999 UPH00 Sept. 15 and 21, 20001 MWD99 11066460 Santa Ana River at MWD crossing 825 July 26−27, 1999 MWD00 July 11−12, 2000 MWD01 July 26−27, 2001 PRD99 11074000 Santa Ana River below Prado Dam 1,439 July 28−29, 1999 PRD00 July 13−14, 2000 PRD01 July 29−Aug. 2, 2001 1 Sampled fish and habitat only.
Sample Collection quantitative. Qualitative benthic algae samples were collected from each microhabitat available in the reach using a variety Benthic algae, benthic macroinvertebrate, and fish of methods. The subsamples from each microhabitat were community data were collected and stream habitat assessed composited in a single container. at all sites during low-flow conditions (July to August) from The quantitative benthic algae samples were collected 1999 to 2001 (table 1) to minimize variability resulting from from five representative areas in each of two different types seasonality. Three sites, PRD, MWD, and SF were sampled of microhabitats: depositional-targeted habitat or DTH each year; one site, UPH, was sampled for macroinvertebrates (which refers to the habitat in the stream where sediments and benthic algae in 1999, and fish and habitat conditions are deposited) and the richest-targeted habitat or RTH (which were assessed in 1999 and 2000. All sampling activity was refers to the habitat where the highest number of taxa is conducted within a reach of stream defined as 20 times expected to be found). DTH benthic algae samples were the mean channel width and within the range of 150 m to collected from the surficial (5–7 mm) layer of epipelic (silt 1,000 m long. Habitat conditions were assessed along 11 or mud) or epipsammic (sand) microhabitat at five locations transects in the reach as described by Fitzpatrick and others within the reach. One-half of a 47-mm Petri dish was gently (1998). Habitat variables, such as channel width, velocity and pushed upside down into the sediment. A stainless-steel substrate variables, and their method of collection, are listed in spatula was slipped underneath the Petri dish to seal the algae table 2. subsample inside the Petri dish. The five subsamples were Water-quality samples were collected monthly at PRD composited in a single container. (1999–2001) and MWD (1999–2000) as part of the surface- The RTH benthic algae samples were collected from water fixed-site network for NAWQA (Gilliom and others, rocks at all stream reaches, except for MWD where the 1995; Kent and Belitz, 2004). Water-quality samples were sample was collected from woody snags. Rocks or snags collected monthly at SF for the first year (1999) and then were selected from five areas within a reach at each site. The quarterly for the next two years. Water-quality samples were top-rock scrape method was used except for the sample at collected at the UPH site once in August 2000, but were UPH. This sample was collected from the top of rocks using collected monthly at the USGS gage located about 2 mi the SG-92 benthic algae sampler as described by Porter and downstream for all three years. Only samples collected during others (1993). These methods remove the benthic algae from the summer months (June–September) were used for analysis the rock surface by scrubbing with a small brush. AT MWD, to minimize seasonal effects in variability. Water samples were submerged woody snags (5 to 10 snags) were collected and analyzed for major ions, nutrients, and organic carbon at the scraped, and the area measured as described by Moulton USGS’s National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL). and others (2002). The subsamples from each area were Benthic algae samples were collected according to composited in a single container. NAWQA protocols (Porter and others, 1993; Moulton and others, 2002) and are briefly summarized below. Three types of samples were collected, one qualitative and two 6 Variability in Lotic Communities, Three Contrasting Stream Environments, Santa Ana River Basin, Calif., 1999–2001
Table 2. Physical habitat variables measured and method of measurement, during the summers of 1999, 2000, and 2001, at four sites in the Santa Ana River Basin, California.
[ft/s, feet per second; m, meter; mm, millimeter; na, not applicable; >, greater than] Variable (units) Method of measurement Equipment used Reach length (m) Mid-channel distance from top to bottom of sampling reach Measuring tape Reach water-surface gradient Vertical drop from top to bottom of sampling reach Surveying level and rod Wetted channel width (m) Width of wetted channel at 11 equidistant transects Measuring tape Bankful width (m) Channel width from top of left bank to top of right bank, Measuring tape measured at each of 11 equidistant transects Depth (m) Depth at thalweg (deepest point) and two additional evenly Calibrated wading rod spaced points, measured at each of 11 equidistant transects Water velocity (ft/s) Velocity at thalweg and two additional evenly spaced points, Marsh-McBirney measured at each of 11 equidistant transects electronic flow meter Shape index Calculated1 na Canopy angles (degrees) Degrees of open sky, measured from the midpoint of each of Clinometer 11 equidistant transects Riparian canopy closure (percent) Percentage of canopy at the left and right banks, measured at Densiometer each of 11 equidistant transects Geomorphic channel units (percent) Percentage of reach distance consisting of pool, riffle, and run Measuring tape Streambed substrate2 Dominant substrate at thalweg and two additional evenly Visual estimate spaced points, measured at each of 11 equidistant transects Heterogeneity index Calculated3 na
1 w/(dd/dmax) at 11 equidistant transects, where w = wetted channel width, d = mean depth of water along transect, and dmax = maximum depth of water along transect. 2The dominant streambed substrate was characterized as: 1, concrete; 2, silt, mud, or detritus; 3, sand (>0.063−2 mm); 4, fine/medium gravel (>2−16 mm); 5, coarse gravel (>16−32 mm); 6, very coarse gravel (>32−64 mm); 7, small cobble (>64−128 mm); 8, large cobble (>128−256 mm); 9, small boulder (>256−512 mm); 10, large boulder, irregular bedrock, irregular hardpan, or irregular artificial surface (Fitzpatrick and others, 1998). 3 Geometric mean of the coefficients of variation for shape index, water velocity, riparian canopy closure, and streambed substrate.
All three types of composited benthic algae samples were Fish community data were collected following NAWQA preserved in 4-percent formalin. Benthic algae was identified protocols (Meador and others, 1993; Moulton and others, and(or) enumerated at the National Academy of Sciences in 2002). Fish were collected using a Smith-Root Model 12B Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, according to Charles and others backpack electrofisher. Additional fish were collected at (2002). PRD by seining. Fish were identified to species, weighed, Benthic macroinvertebrate samples also were collected measured, and checked for external anomalies, then returned according to NAWQA protocols (Cuffney and others, 1993; to the stream. Moulton and others, 2002). Two types of samples were collected, qualitative and semiquantitative. The qualitative multihabitat (QMH) macroinvertebrate samples were collected Data Analysis using a D-frame kick net equipped with a 210-µm mesh net. Habitat variables were summarized as mean and All habitat types present at each site were sampled. standard deviation for each year at each site. Water-quality The semiquantitative macroinvertebrate samples were data from samples collected from June to September in each RTH samples collected from five representative areas of year were summarized as mean and standard deviation. riffles at PRD, UPH, and SF. Woody snags were used for RTH Discharge and water temperature were summarized using samples at MWD because riffles were not present at this site. data from continuous monitors when possible; otherwise, Samples were collected using a modified slack sampler (mesh discrete samples were used. Data for habitat and water- 2 size 425 µm) with an area of 0.25 m . These five subsamples quality variables can be found in appendix 1. To assess the were composited in a single container. The RTH and QMH annual habitat variability, coefficients of variation (CV) were samples were preserved with 10-percent formalin and sent to calculated from the annual means of habitat variables at sites the Biological Unit of the NWQL for identification and(or) with multiyear data. enumeration according to Moulton and others (2000). Variability of Benthic Algae, Macroinvertebrates, and Fish 7
Benthic algae and macroinvertebrate species lists were Variability of Benthic Algae, constructed using all taxa collected in all sample types. Benthic algae were identified to species in most cases. Benthic Macroinvertebrates, and Fish algae taxa and their densities, where applicable, can be found in appendixes 2, 3, and 4. To assess similarity in taxa among Benthic Algae sites and years, the taxa lists for QMH, RTH, and DTH data for all sites were analyzed using an unweighted group average The cluster dendrogram of benthic algae data indicates linkage clustering analysis of percentage of similarities. that, for each site, the 2000 and 2001 samples were more Metrics were calculated using autecological and tolerance similar to each other compared with the 1999 sample (fig. 2). information (Van Dam and others, 1994; Bahls, 1993; Lange- This pattern was observed with QMH, RTH, and DTH Bertalot, 1979). Metrics calculated from the benthic algae data samples. This may be a result of a storm that occurred in the can be found in appendix 5. mountains two weeks before sampling in 1999. The higher Benthic macroinvertebrates were generally identified to flows from the storm may have disturbed the benthic algae, genus. Ambiguous individuals identified at a higher taxonomic especially those in depositional zones. Some benthic algae level (usually family) were distributed among the lower taxa species, such as stalked diatoms (Gomphonema) (Burkholder, (usually genera) in accordance with the relative abundance 1996; Kutka and Richards, 1996; Peterson, 1996) or prostrate of each genus when more than half of the individuals were diatoms with mucilaginous forms (Achnanthes, Cocconeis) identified at the lower level. Otherwise, data were aggregated (Goldsborough and Robinson, 1996; Hill, 1996; Kutka and at the higher level of taxonomy. Benthic macroinvertebrates Richards, 1996), recover more quickly from high flows. and their densities, where applicable, can be found in Higher abundances of these types of diatoms in the 1999 appendixes 6 and 7. To assess similarity in taxa among sites samples support the hypothesis that the storm was responsible and years, the taxa lists for QHM, RTH, and DTH data for for the differences. all sites were analyzed using an unweighted group average Of the 116 metrics calculated, CVs were calculated for linkage clustering analysis of percentage of similarities. The the 41 metrics (table 3) that were significantly different among taxa data also were summarized as biological metrics using the sites. In general, CVs of most benthic algae metrics calculated Invertebrate Data Analysis System (IDAS) program developed from the RTH samples were higher at SF than at MWD or by the USGS (Cuffney, 2003). The metrics calculated from PRD (table 3). In contrast, CVs of most metrics calculated macroinvertebrate data can be found in appendix 8. from DTH samples were lower at SF. MWD generally had Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the highest CVs for metrics from DTH samples. CVs of most which benthic algae and macroinvertebrate metrics were metrics that were calculated for both RTH and DTH samples significantly different (P < 0.05) between the three sites with were in the same ranges (<30, 30–100, >100). This suggests multiyear data. CVs were calculated for each metric that was that, in general, annual variability was not strongly related to significantly different between sites. The CV was used as a different microhabitats (pools vs. riffles or woody snags). measure of temporal variance to compare sites with multiyear Differences in annual variability may be a result of data. Biplots were used to examine the relationships between comparing the smaller SF site with the larger MWD and PRD the CVs of benthic algae or macroinvertebrate metrics and sites (Vannote and others, 1980). Only four RTH metrics the CVs of habitat variables. Metrics of benthic algae or and two DTH metrics had CVs greater than 100 percent, macroinvertebrates that were not present at all three sites were indicating relatively low annual variation at all three sites for not used in comparisons involving variance. most benthic algae metrics. This may be a result of the study Fish data were summarized as relative abundance of occurring during drought years (Belitz and others, 2004). fish species and the mean and range of the weight and length of individuals measured for each species. Appendix 9 gives the summary of fish data. Fish abundance data for all sites were analyzed using an unweighted group average linkage clustering analysis of percentage of similarities among fish samples. 8 Variability in Lotic Communities, Three Contrasting Stream Environments, Santa Ana River Basin, Calif., 1999–2001
UPH99
SF01
SF00
SF99
MWD00
MWD01
PRD01
PRD00
MWD99
PRD99
-20 0 20 40 60 80 100 PERCENT SIMILARITY
Figure 2. Cluster dendrogram showing the results of an unweighted group average linkage cluster analysis of benthic algae data collected from four sites (SF, UPH, MWD, and PRD) in the Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999–2001. See table 1 for sample codes.
Macroinvertebrates for RTH richness metrics than PRD, but had higher CVs for RTH abundance metrics. The higher CVs for abundance at The cluster dendrogram of benthic macroinvertebrate data MWD may be due to the unstable sand streambed. However, indicates that the similarities between samples for each site is in a New Zealand study, Fowler and Death (2000) found much higher than was observed in the benthic algae samples, less monthly variability at the site with the most unstable suggesting little effect from the 1999 storm (fig. 3). Of the streambed substrate. They attributed this to the fewer number 167 metrics calculated for macroinvertebrates, CVs were of species present at that site. In contrast, MWD had higher calculated for the 65 metrics (table 4) that were significantly taxa richness than PRD during this study. The differences in different among sites. temporal variability between this study (annual) and the New Differences in annual variation among sites were Zealand study (monthly) may have been due to the different observed for both richness and abundance metrics in the temporal scales. Similar to algae, the CVs for almost all of Santa Ana River Basin. In general, CVs of macroinvertebrate the macroinvertebrate metrics were relatively low. Only six metrics calculated from QMH samples were lower at SF than metrics, mainly abundance metrics, had CVs greater than at MWD or PRD. In contrast, CVs of many metrics calculated 100 percent. This suggests that during the period of this study, from RTH samples were higher at SF than at MWD. PRD annual variability in macroinvertebrate assemblages was low and SF had about the same number of high values for metrics for all three sites. This low variability may be the result of from RTH samples; this is similar to the trend that was fewer scouring events from stormflows because of the drought. observed for benthic algae. MWD generally had lower CVs Variability of Benthic Algae, Macroinvertebrates, and Fish 9
TableTable 3. 3. CoefficientsCoefficients of of variation variation for for benthic benthic algae algae metrics metrics that that showed showed significant significant differences differences between between sites, sites, Santa Santa Ana Ana River River Basin, California,Basin, California, 1999-2001. 1999-2001.—Continued [Coefficients of variation are given in percent; significance is at P<0.05. CV, coefficient of variation ; MWD, Metropolitan Water District; QMH, qualitative [Coefficients of variation are given in percent; significance is at P<0.05. CV, coefficient of variation ; MWD, Metropolitan Water District; QMH, qualitative habitat; RTH, richest targeted habitat; DTH, depositional habitat; nd, not detected] habitat; RTH, richest targeted habitat; DTH, depositional habitat; nd, not detected] CV for CV for CV for Metric South Fork of Santa Ana River Santa Ana River Santa Ana River and MWD Crossing below Prado Dam Metrics from QMH data Taxon richness 3.4 10.6 9.5 Phylum richness 26.6 21.7 34.6 Metrics from RTH data Simpson's diversity index 15.2 1.1 4.3 Taxon richness 13.3 12.5 7.1 Taxon abundance 60.9 138.2 60.5 Diatom richness 16.1 10.6 3.8 Blue-green algae abundance 173.2 122.2 173.2 Obligative nitrogen autotrophic diatom richness (in percent) 70.3 98.2 37.9 Halophobic (fresh) diatom richness (in percent) 9.7 nd 5.1 Sestonic diatom richness (in percent) nd 9.7 59.3 Motile diatom richness (in percent) 12.5 7.9 11.7 Tolerant taxon richness (in percent) 38.0 15.6 12.7 Intolerant taxon richness (in percent) 14.5 55.5 20.9 Nitrogen heterotrophic diatom abundance (percent) 69.9 35.5 37.6 Facultative nitrogen autotroph abundance (in percent) 7.9 22.1 0.9 Halophilic diatom abundance (percent) 127.5 12.1 22.0 Halophobic (fresh-brackish) diatom abundance (in percent) 3.8 3.7 10.2 Sestonic diatom abundance (in percent) nd 37.9 39.7 Motile diatom abundance (percent) 67.5 4.1 11.0 Bahl's tolerance index based on abundance 5.8 10.5 5.3 Tolerant taxon abundance (in percent) 51.0 5.7 6.0 Intolerant taxon abundance (in percent) 19.3 108.2 15.7 Siltation index 60.6 12.8 5.2 Pollution tolerance index 8.1 20.6 6.0 10 Variability in Lotic Communities, Three Contrasting Stream Environments, Santa Ana River Basin, Calif., 1999–2001
Table 3. Coefficients of variation for benthic algae metrics that showed significant differences between sites, Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999-2001.—Continued
[Coefficients of variation are given in percent; significance is at P<0.05. CV, coefficient of variation ; MWD, Metropolitan Water District; QMH, qualitative habitat; RTH, richest targeted habitat; DTH, depositional habitat; nd, not detected] CV for CV for CV for Metric South Fork of Santa Ana River Santa Ana River Santa Ana River and MWD Crossing below Prado Dam Metrics from DTH data Simpson's diversity index 5.5 9.1 3.8 Nitrogen heterotrophic diatom richness (in percent) 29.5 9.3 8.8 Obligative nitrogen autotrophic diatom richness (in percent) 25.5 72.2 51.7 Eutrophic diatom richness (in percent) 9.9 8.8 4.4 Halophilic diatom richness (in percent) 13.5 21.8 28.6 Alkaline diation richness (in percent) 1.8 3.5 3.1 Sestonic diatom richness (in percent) 173.2 173.2 23.4 Motile diatom richness (in percent) 5.4 8.7 8.5 Intolerant taxon richness (in percent) 12.7 17.4 30.8 Facultative nitrogen autotroph abundance (in percent) 1.1 48.7 31.7 Obligative nitrogen autotroph abundance (in percent) 22.1 38.3 81.9 Eutrophic diatom abundance (in percent) 25.6 6.0 11.4 Halophobic (fresh-brackish) diatom abundance (in percent) 80.0 173.2 102.8 Motile diatom abundance (in percent) 22.7 16.1 11.0 Bahl's tolerance index based on abundance 5.7 15.6 5.4 Siltation index 11.4 34.6 14.4 Pollution tolerance index 17.2 22.9 6.6 Variability of Benthic Algae, Macroinvertebrates, and Fish 11
SF01
SF00
SF99
UPH99
PRD01
PRD00
PRD99
MWD00
MWD01
MWD99
4 20 36 52 68 84 100 PERCENT SIMILARITY
Figure 3. Cluster dendrogram showing the results of an unweighted group average linkage cluster analysis of macroinvertebrate data collected from four sites (SF, UPH, MWD, and PRD) in the Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999–2001. See table 1 for sample codes.
The difference in CV between SF and MWD or PRD Fish for a particular metric is generally greater than the difference in CV between MWD and PRD. This trend may be partially The cluster dendrogram for fish data shows that the a result of ecoregion differences because SF is located samples from each site were generally similar, indicating low in a different ecoregion than MWD and PRD. It is also annual variability (fig. 4). However, fish samples from SF and possible that differences in stream size may also be a partial UPH were less variable from year to year than the samples explanation for differences in variability between SF and the from PRD and MWD. The main reason for the low variability basin sites, as was suggested for benthic algae. at SF and UPH is the low number of species (1 or 2) present compared with several species found at either MWD or PRD. For this reason, variability between sites or between years was not further investigated. More detailed information on the distribution of fish in the basin can be found in Brown and others (2005). 12 Variability in Lotic Communities, Three Contrasting Stream Environments, Santa Ana River Basin, Calif., 1999–2001
TableTable 4 .4 . CoefficientsCoefficients of of variation variation for for benthic benthic macroinvertebrate macroinvertebrate metrics metrics that that showed showed significant significant differences differences among among three three sites, sites, Santa AnaSanta River Ana Basin, River California, Basin, California, 1999–2001. 1999–2001.—Continued [Coefficients of variation are given in percent. Significance is at P < 0.05; CV, coefficient of variation; EPA, Environmental Protection Agency; EPT, sum of [Coefficients of variation are given in percent. Significance is at P < 0.05; CV, coefficient of variation; EPA, Environmental Protection Agency; EPT, sum Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera; MWD, Metropolitan Water District; nd, not detected; QMH, qualitative multihabitat; RTH, richest-targeted habitat] of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera; MWD, Metropolitan Water District; nd, not detected; QMH, qualitative multihabitat; RTH, richest-targeted habitat] CV for CV for CV for Metric South Fork of Santa Ana River Santa Ana River Santa Ana River at MWD Crossing below Prado Dam Metrics from QMH data Taxon richness 7.7 8.9 15.6 Ephemeroptera richness 15.8 25.0 21.7 Trichoptera richness 20.8 21.7 0.0 EPT richness 11.3 8.7 12.4 EPT/Chironmid richness 12.1 23.3 11.1 Diptera richness 9.2 7.5 9.4 Chironomid richness 13.3 15.8 5.6 Nonchironomid dipteran richness 19.9 10.2 50.0 Noninsect richness 0.0 17.3 20.0 Nonmidge dipterans and noninsect richness 12.1 4.7 24.7 Odonate richness nd 0.0 114.6 Ephemeroptera richness (percent) 14.4 33.3 8.2 Trichoptera richness (percent) 20.9 16.1 16.8 EPT richness (percent) 3.6 16.6 4.5 Diptera richness (percent) 1.8 11.7 7.2 Chironomid richness (percent) 10.7 15.1 13.7 Noninsect richness (percent) 7.6 9.6 6.2 Nonmidge dipterans and noninsect richness (percent) 10.3 5.3 11.5 Oligochaete richness (percent) 7.6 44.8 16.7 Average EPA tolerance value based on richness 2.2 2.2 1.6 Filterer richness 20.0 0.0 25.0 Gatherer richness 14.0 14.5 17.6 Scraper richness 21.7 43.3 0.0 Filterer richness (percent) 13.1 7.1 15.3 Scraper richness (percent) 18.0 46.0 17.0 Metrics from RTH data Taxon richness 5.1 13.9 30.7 Ephemeroptera richness 19.9 17.3 34.6 Trichoptera richness 39.0 0.0 0.0 EPT richness 12.5 10.8 15.7 EPT/Chironmid richness 11.6 50.2 23.4 Orthoclad richness 20.0 0.0 49.5 Odonate richness nd 0.0 nd Coleoptera richness 173.2 100.0 nd EPT richness (percent) 16.2 10.2 44.1 Odonate richness (percent) nd 14.7 nd Variability of Benthic Algae, Macroinvertebrates, and Fish 13
Table 4. Coefficients of variation for benthic macroinvertebrate metrics that showed significant differences among three sites, Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999–2001.—Continued
[Coefficients of variation are given in percent. Significance is at P < 0.05; CV, coefficient of variation; EPA, Environmental Protection Agency; EPT, sum of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera; MWD, Metropolitan Water District; nd, not detected; QMH, qualitative multihabitat; RTH, richest-targeted habitat] CV for CV for CV for Metric South Fork of Santa Ana River Santa Ana River Santa Ana River at MWD Crossing below Prado Dam Noninsect richness (percent 34.6 34.2 15.4 Oligochaete richness (percent) 37.7 24.3 32.5 Taxon abundance 35.0 19.5 48.1 Ephemeroptera abundance 33.9 21.3 111.7 Nonchironomid diptera abundance 74.5 21.8 39.7 Nonmidge dipterans and noninsect abundance 3.9 110.9 46.3 Mollusc and crustacean abundance 173.2 nd 155.4 Oligochaete abundance 76.1 17.8 35.1 Ephemeroptera abundance (percent) 25.1 41.4 79.3 Trichoptera abundance (percent) 36.5 44.5 12.7 Tanytarsinii abundance (percent) 51.0 173.2 91.9 Nonchironomid dipteran abundance (percent) 46.2 31.3 80.4 Nonmidge dipterans and noninsect abundance 19.9 118.7 41.3 (percent) Coleoptera abundance (percent) 173.2 93.7 nd Mollusc and crustacean abundance (percent) 173.2 nd 166.0 Average EPA tolerance value based on richness 8.5 5.7 1.6 EPA tolerance value (average, abundance-weighted) 12.7 5.5 5.1 Percentage of most abundant taxon 2.1 60.0 14.0 Percentage of two most abundant taxon 10.2 32.6 4.3 Simpson’s diversity index 2.7 7.9 43.1 Predator richness 37.8 17.3 50.0 Scraper richness 21.7 43.3 43.3 Shredder richness 21.7 50.0 0.0 Filterer richness (percent) 34.6 14.7 15.1 Scraper richness (percent) 20.1 62.2 23.4 Predator abundance 33.4 41.4 45.8 Gatherer abundance 41.7 13.6 42.8 Predator abundance (percent) 22.7 48.7 85.9 Gatherer abundance (percent) 19.8 27.5 45.3 Filterer abundance (percent) 34.2 22.8 14.7 14 Variability in Lotic Communities, Three Contrasting Stream Environments, Santa Ana River Basin, Calif., 1999–2001
PRD01
PRD00
PRD99
MWD00
MWD01
MWD99
UPH00
UPH99
SF01
SF00
SF99
-20 0 20 40 60 80 100 PERCENT SIMILARITY
Figure 4. Cluster dendrogram showing the results of an unweighted group average linkage cluster analysis of fish data collected from four sites (SF, UPH, MWD, and PRD) in the Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999–2001. See table 1 for sample codes.
Variability in Habitat and Water Quality The multiyear CVs (table 5) for the habitat and water- quality variables, such as channel width, water temperature, Differences in CV between sites were observed for many and specific conductance, for PRD and MWD were generally habitat and water-quality variables. Annual variability was low (frequently less than 30 percent). The CVs for riparian greater at SF than at the basin sites for most of the habitat canopy closure and the heterogeneity index were higher and water-quality variables (table 5). SF had higher CVs for at MWD. This increase was due to the removal of Arundo water temperature, depth, velocity, canopy angle, streambed donax, an invasive cane species, which began during summer substrate, and most water-quality variables. The CVs for 2000. As a result, shading at the channel margins was greatly these variables ranged from 10 to 105 percent. In general, the reduced during the last two years of the study. CVs at SF were higher than those for wilderness streams in Idaho (Robinson and others, 2000). This suggests the physical environment was more dynamic at SF than at the Idaho streams. The CV for the heterogeneity index was low (three percent) suggesting little change in channel complexity during the three years. Relationship of Biological Variability to Habitat Variability 15
Table 5. Coefficients of variation of habitat variables for the three summers of 1999−2001 for three sites in the Santa Ana River Basin, California.
[CV, coefficient of variation; mm, millimeter; MWD, Metropolitan Water District; >, greater than] CV for South Fork CV for Santa Ana River CV for Santa Ana River Variable of Santa Ana River at MWD Crossing below Prado Dam Discharge 46.8 19.6 11.6 Water temperature 15.4 5.9 5.2 Reach gradient 0.9 0.0 40.3 Wetted channel width 24.6 26.5 25.5 Bankfull width 21.6 25.9 24.5 Depth 44.3 37.9 39.3 Velocity 100.8 35.2 63.9 Shape index 17.7 22.2 7.2 Canopy angle 105.4 7.5 57.0 Riparian canopy closure 12.9 63.6 16.1 Streambed substrate1 40.5 3.4 38.9 Run 66.4 0.0 9.1 Riffle 5.4 0.0 18.1 Pool 55.4 0.0 93.0 Heterogeneity index2 3.3 139.5 40.9 Specific conductance 9.8 2.6 2.0 Oxygen, dissolved 8.0 9.5 4.8 Chloride, dissolved 41.8 5.1 3.8 Nitrite + nitrate, dissolved 15.4 12.1 7.4 Orthophosphate, dissolved 66.1 7.2 15.5 Total organic carbon 53.3 16.0 38.0 1The streambed substrate size was characterized as: 1, concrete; 2, silt, mud, or detritus; 3, sand (>0.063−2 mm); 4, fine/medium gravel (>2−16 mm); 5, coarse gravel (>16−32 mm); 6, very coarse gravel (>32−64 mm); 7, small cobble (>64−128 mm); 8, large cobble (>128−256 mm); 9, small boulder (>256−512 mm); 10, large boulder, irregular bedrock, irregular hardpan, or irregular artificial surface (Fitzpatrick and others, 1998). 2The heterogeneity index is the geometric mean of the coefficient of variation of shape index, riparian canopy closure, stream velocity, and streambed substrate.
Relationship of Biological Variability fig. 5 for examples). Of the 41 benthic algae metrics that were significantly different among sites, the CVs of 22 showed a to Habitat Variability relationship with the CV of at least one habitat variable. One QMH metric, four RTH metrics, and two DTH metrics were Benthic Algae related to the CVs of three habitat variables (table 6). The QMH metric is taxon richness. The RTH metrics included Many studies have shown that benthic algae assemblages percentage richness and abundance of tolerant taxa (tolerant are correlated to a variety of environmental variables (Leland, taxa as defined by Lange-Bertelot [1979]), percentage richness 1995; DeNicola, 1996; Hill and others, 2000; Sherwood and of halophobic diatoms, and percentage abundance of sestonic others, 2000; Kennen and Ayers, 2002). In the Santa Ana diatoms. The DTH metrics included percentage richness of River Basin, many benthic algae metrics were associated with nitrogen heterotrophic diatoms and the pollution tolerance habitat and water-quality variables (Burton and others, 2005). index. The habitat variables that were related most often to However, it may be just as important to investigate the role benthic algae metrics included water temperature, water depth, variability may have in the interaction of benthic algae and streambed substrate, the percentage of the reach consisting of habitat as suggested by Palmer and others (1997). run, specific conductance, and concentrations of chloride and Associations of CVs of benthic algae metrics with the orthophosphate. CVs of habitat variables suggest a relationship between the variability in benthic algae metrics and habitat variables (see 16 Variability in Lotic Communities, Three Contrasting Stream Environments, Santa Ana River Basin, Calif., 1999–2001
70 12
60 RTH MWD 10 SF PRD 50
40 8
30 6 20 MWD 4 SF 10 PRD CV OF RTH SILTATION INDEX CV OF QMH TAXA RICHNESS 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 CV WATER TEMPERATURE CV WATER DEPTH
40 12 PRD MWD 35 SF 10 30 8 25 6 20 MWD SF 15 PRD 4 CV OF QMH TAXA RICHNESS
10 2
CV OF RTH TOLERANT TAXA RICHNESS 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 0 10 20 30 40 50 7060 CV SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE CV ORTHOPHOSPHATE
Figure 5. The relationships of the coefficient of variation of selected habitat variables to the coefficient of variation of selected benthic algae metrics collected at three sites (SF, MWD, and PRD) in the Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999–2001. See table 1 for sample codes and list of Abbreviations and Acronyms for definitions.
This study suggests that variability of benthic algae observed in riffles (high velocity) even though more detritus metrics is related to variability of habitat variables in the Santa (food) was available in pools (low velocity) with different Ana River Basin. However, ecoregion differences and the substrate sizes (Barmuta, 1990). Similar relationships have stream size also may have effects. This study included three also been observed in the Santa Ana River Basin (Brown sites with only three years of data. Additional studies that and others, 2005; Burton and others, 2005). However, as would include more sites over a longer time period would be with benthic algae, it may be just as important to investigate needed to better understand the relationship between benthic the interaction of habitat variability and variability in algae variability and the variability of habitat. Also, this macroinvertebrate assemblages. study addresses temporal variability on only an annual scale. Of the 65 macroinvertebrate metrics that showed Variability on shorter (seasonal) or longer (decadal) temporal significant differences between sites, the CVs of 44 scales may also occur. macroinvertebrate metrics showed a relationship with the CV of at least one habitat variable (see fig. 6 for examples). The CVs of six RTH metrics showed a relationship with the Macroinvertebrates CVs of more than two habitat variables (table 7). The RTH metrics included the sum of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Many studies have shown that macroinvertebrate and trichoptera (EPT) and scraper richness, percentage assemblages are correlated to a variety of environmental abundance of trichoptera and nonchironomid dipteran, and variables (Brown and Brown, 1984; Barmuta, 1990; Fore U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) tolerance and others, 1996; Leland and Fend, 1998; Brown and May, (as described in Barbour and others, 1999), which is based 2000). Brown and Brown (1984) showed correlations of on abundance. The habitat variables with CVs related to macroinvertebrate assemblages with streambed substrate size, the most CVs of macroinvertebrate metrics included water velocity, depth, dissolved oxygen, and water temperature. temperature, water depth, riparian canopy closure, streambed Correlations of specific conductance with macroinvertebrates substrate, percentage of the reach consisting of run, specific assemblages have also been found (Leland and Fend, 1998; conductance, and orthophosphate concentrations. Brown and May, 2000). Higher abundance and richness of different types of functional feeding groups (FFG) have been Relationship of Biological Variability to Habitat Variability 17
TableTable 6. 6. BenthicBenthic algae algae metric metric coefficients coefficients of of variation variation that that show show a a positive positive or or negative negative association association with with the the coefficient coefficient of of variation variation of of atat least least one one habitat habitat variable. variable.—Continued
[(+),[(+), suggests suggests a a positive positive association association with with the the algae algae metric; metric; (–), (–), suggests suggests a a negative negative association association with with the the algae algae metric. metric. CV, CV, coefficient coefficient of of variation; variation; DTH,DTH, depositional-targeted depositional-targeted habitat; habitat; QMH, QMH, qualitative qualitative multihabitat; multihabitat; RTH, RTH, richest-targeted richest-targeted habitat; habitat; mm, mm, millimeter; milimeter; nd,nd, notnot detected]detected] QMH and RTH algae metric CVs and associated habitat variable CVs QMH taxon richness Halophobic (fresh) diatom richness (percent) Sestonic diatom abundance (percent) Depth (–) Wetted channel width (–) Water temperature (–) Run (–) Canopy angle (+) Specific conductance (–) Orthophosphate, dissolved (–) Total organic carbon (+) Chloride, dissolved (–)
QMH phylum richness Tolerant taxon richness Motile diatom abundance (percent) (percent) Oxygen, dissolved (–) Water temperature (+) Run (+) Specific conductance (+) Orthophosphate, dissolved (+) Chloride, dissolved (+)
Simpson’s diversity index Nitrogen heterotrophic diatom abundance (percent) Tolerant taxon abundance (percent) Depth (+) Run (+) Water temperature (+) Orthophosphate, dissolved (+) Specific conductance (+) Chloride, dissolved (+)
Taxon abundance Halophilic diatom abundance (percent) Siltation index Riparian canopy closure (+) Run (+) Water temperature (+) Streambed substrate1 (–) Orthophosphate, dissolved (+) Specific conductance (+)
Blue-green algae abundance Halophobic (fresh-brackish) diatom abundance (percent) Riparian canopy closure (–) Wetted channel width (+) Streambed substrate (+) DTH algae metric CVs and associated habitat variable CVs Nitrogen heterophic diatom Sestonic diatom richness (percent) Siltation index richness (percent) Water temperature (+) Reach gradient (–) Riparian canopy closure (+) Specific conductance (+) Chloride, dissolved (+)
Obligative nitrogen autotrophic Facultative nitrogen autotroph abundance (percent) Pollution tolerance index diatom richness (percent) Velocity (–) Bankfull width (+) Shape index (+) Canopy angle (–) Riffle (–) Oxygen, dissolved (+)
Alkaline diation richness (percent) Halophobic (fresh-brackish) diatom abundance (percent) Depth (–) Heterogeneity index2 (+) 1The streambed substrate size was characterized as: 1, concrete; 2, silt, mud, or detritus; 3, sand (>0.063−2 mm); 4, fine/medium gravel (>2−16 mm); 5, coarse gravel (>16−32 mm); 6, very coarse gravel (>32−64 mm); 7, small cobble (>64−128 mm); 8, large cobble (>128−256 mm); 9, small boulder (>256−512 mm); 10, large boulder, irregular bedrock, irregular hardpan, or irregular artificial surface (Fitzpatrick and others, 1998). 2 The heterogenieity index is the geometric mean of the coefficient of variation of the shape index, the riparian closure, stream velocity, and streambed substrate. 18 Variability in Lotic Communities, Three Contrasting Stream Environments, Santa Ana River Basin, Calif., 1999–2001
14 90
QMH 80 PRD 12 RTH SF 70
10 60 SF 8 50 40 MWD 6 PRD CV OF RTH EPA TOLERANCE EPA RTH OF CV
ABUNDANCE, IN PERCENT IN ABUNDANCE, 30
VALUES BASED ON ABUNDANCE ON BASED VALUES MWD 4 20 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 CV OF RTH NONCHIRONOMID DIPTERRAN NONCHIRONOMID RTH OF CV CV OF WATER TEMPERATURE CV OF SHAPE INDEX
18 25 16 PRD MWD 20 14 15 12 MWD 10 10 8 IN PERCENT IN 5 6 SF SF 0 CV OF QMH EPT RICHNESS, EPT QMH OF CV 4 PRD
2 RICHNESS NONINSECT QMH OF CV -5 0 10 20 30 40 50 7060 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 CV OF RIPARIAN CANOPY CLOSURE CV OF SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE
Figure 6. The relationships of the coefficient of variation of selected habitat variables to the coefficient of variation of selected macroinvertebrate metrics collected at three sites. (SF, MWD, and PRD) in the Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999–2001. CV, coefficient of variation; EPA, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; EPT, sum of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera; RTH, richest-targeted habitat; DTH, depositional-targeted habitat; QMH, qualitative multihabitat. This study suggests that annual variability of habitat temporal scales need to be documented in the Santa Ana River variables may be related to variability of macroinvertebrate to determine if observed changes in communities are within metrics in the Santa Ana River Basin. However, it is also the range of natural variability or if human activities may possible that ecoregion differences and stream size may have be the cause. This information would be important for any effects on macroinvertebrate variability. As noted previously, biomonitoring program that evaluates whether the ecosystem this study included three sites with only three years of is improving or degrading in quality. data. Additional studies would be needed to better define The effects of physical variability on aquatic life are this relationship. More sites over a longer time period are important considerations for water management and stream necessary to better understand the role of variability in the improvement projects. Biological communities are composed relationship between habitat and macroinvertebrates and at of species adapted for some measure of variability in the what scales these relationships exist. Studies using individual hydrologic system during their life cycle. However, large taxa, in addition to metrics, may need to be investigated to differences in flow, such as floods, at the wrong time can determine some of these relationships. have a detrimental effect on aquatic organisms. Streams with homogeneous habitat will not provide preferred habitat or necessary food resources for some species. Concrete channels with shallow flow may be highly productive for algae and Implications of Variability to can reduce nitrate concentrations (Kent and others, 2005), but Biomonitoring or Water Management such channels usually provide habitat for few species of algae, macroinvertebrates, or fish (Brown and others, 2005; Burton Issues and others, 2005).
Aquatic ecosystems are naturally dynamic and vary over space and time. This report shows the annual variability for habitat, water quality, and biological communities. The differences in biological communities at small and large Implications of Variability to Biomonitoring or Water Management Issues 19
TableTable 7. 7. MacroinvertebrateMacroinvertebrate metric metric coefficient coefficient of of variations variations that that show show a a positive positive or or negative negative association association with with the the coefficient coefficient of of variationvariation of of at at least least one one habitat habitat variable. variable.—Continued
[(+),[(+), suggests suggests a a positive positive association association with with the the macroinvertebrate macroinvertebrate metric; metric; (–), (–), suggests suggests a a negative negative association association with with the the macroinvertebrate macroinvertebrate metric. metric. CV, CV, coefficient coefficient of variation;of variation; EPA, EPA, Environmental Environmental Protection Protection Agency; Agency; EPT, EPT, sum sum of Ephemeroptera, of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Plecoptera, and andTrichoptera; Trichoptera; QMH, QMH, qualitative qualitative multihabitat; multihabitat; RTH, RTH, richest- richest- targetedtargeted habitat; habitat; mm, mm, milimeter] milimeter] QMH macroinvertebrate metric CVs and associated habitat variable CVs Ephemeroptera richness Nonmidge dipterans and noninsect Chironomid richness (percent) richness Bankfull width (+) Shape index (–) Bankfull width (+) Riffle (+)
Trichoptera richness Odonate richness Noninsect richness (percent) Reach gradient (–) Reach gradient (+) Pool (–)
Chironomid richness Trichoptera richness (percent) Oligochaete richness (percent) Shape index (+) Run (+) Heterogeneity index2 (+) Riffle (–) Orthophosphate, dissolved (+)
Nonchironomid dipteran richness EPT richness (percent) EPA tolerance value (average, richness- weighted) Shape index (–) Riparian canopy closure (+) Reach gradient (–) Riffle (+) Streambed substrate1 (–)
Noninsect richness Diptera richness (percent) Scraper richness (percent) Water temperature (–) Velocity (–) Streambed substrate (–) Specific conductance (–) Canopy angle (–)
RTH macroinvertebrate metric CVs and associated habitat variable CVs Taxon richness Coleoptera richness Taxon abundance Nitrite + nitrate, dissolved (–) Nitrite + nitrate, dissolved (+) Pool (+)
Trichoptera richness Noninsect richness (percent) Nonchironomid diptera abundance Water temperature (+) Reach gradient (–) Bankfull width (–) Specific conductance (+) Chloride, dissolved (+)
EPT richness Odonate richness (percent) Nonmidge dipterans and noninsect abundance Shape index (–) Riparian canopy closure (+) Wetted channel width (+) Riffle (+) Streambed substrate (–) Total organic carbon (–) Oxygen, dissolved (–)
EPT/Chironmid richness Oligochaete richness (percent) Mollusc and crustacean abundance Heterogeneity index (+) Wetted channel width (–) Riparian canopy closure (–) Total organic carbon (+) Streambed substrate (+) 20 Variability in Lotic Communities, Three Contrasting Stream Environments, Santa Ana River Basin, Calif., 1999–2001
Table 7. Macroinvertebrate metric coefficient of variations that show a positive or negative association with the coefficient of variation of at least one habitat variable.—Continued
[(+), suggests a positive association with the macroinvertebrate metric; (–), suggests a negative association with the macroinvertebrate metric. CV, coefficient of variation; EPA, Environmental Protection Agency; EPT, sum of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera; QMH, qualitative multihabitat; RTH, richest- targeted habitat; mm, milimeter] RTH macroinvertebrate metric CVs and associated habitat variable CVs —Continued Oligochaete abundance Mollusc and crustacean abundance Scraper richness (percent) Bankfull width (–) Riparian canopy closure (–) Water temperature (–) Depth (+) Streambed substrate (+) Specific conductance (–) Chloride, dissolved (–)
Trichoptera abundance (percent) EPA tolerance value (average, richness- Shredder richness weighted) Shape index (+) Nitrite + nitrate, dissolved (+) Pool (–) Riffle (–) Oxygen, dissolved (+)
Tanytarsinii abundance (percent) EPA tolerance value (average, abundance- Filterer richness (percent) weighted) Heterogeneity index (+) Water temperature (+) Water temperature (+) Specific conductance (+) Chloride, dissolved (+) Chloride, dissolved (+)
Nonchironomid dipteran abundance Percentage of most abundant taxon Scraper richness (percent) (percent) Shape index (–) Heterogeneity index (+) Riparian canopy closure (+) Riffle (+) Streambed substrate (–) Oxygen, dissolved (–)
Nonmidge dipterans and noninsect Predator richness Gatherer abundance abundance (percent) Heterogeneity index (+) Pool (+) Streambed substrate (+)
Coleoptera abundance (percent) Predator abundance (percent) Nitrite + nitrate, dissolved (+) Nitrite + nitrate, dissolved (–) 1The streambed substrate size was characterized as: 1, concrete; 2, silt, mud, or detritus; 3, sand (>0.063−2 mm); 4, fine/medium gravel (>2−16 mm); 5, coarse gravel (>16−32 mm); 6, very coarse gravel (>32−64 mm); 7, small cobble (>64−128 mm); 8, large cobble (>128−256 mm); 9, small boulder (>256−512 mm); 10, large boulder, irregular bedrock, irregular hardpan, or irregular artificial surface (Fitzpatrick and others, 1998). 2The heterogenieity index is the geometric mean of the coefficient of variation of the shape index, the riparian closure, stream velocity, and streambed substrate. References 21
Summary and Conclusions Barbour, M.T.; Gerritsen, J.; Snyder, B.D.; and Stribling, J.B., 1999, Rapid bioassessment protocols for use in streams and Understanding variability of natural assemblages is wadeable rivers: periphyton, benthic macroinvertebrates important in the interpretation of any ecological study. Data and fish, (2nd ed.): U.S. Environmental Protection Agency from an ecological study conducted during the summers Report EPA 841-B-99-02, 226 p. 1999–2001 by the Santa Ana River Basin study unit of the Barmuta, L.A., 1990, Interaction between the effects of USGS’s NAWQA program were used to do a preliminary substratum, velocity, and location on stream benthos—an assessment of variability in the Santa Ana River Basin. experiment: Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Twenty-two habitat and water-quality variables were measured Research, v. 41, p. 557–573. at three sites in the basin. The appendixes list the 233 taxa of benthic algae, 144 taxa of macroinvertebrates, and 16 taxa Belitz, Kenneth; Hamlin, S.N.; Burton, C.A.; Kent, R.H.; Fay, of fish that were collected. Significant differences in benthic R.G.; and Johnson, Tyler; 2004, Water quality in the Santa algae metrics, macroinvertebrate metrics, and fish assemblages Ana Basin, California, 1999–2001: U.S. Geological Survey and variability were observed among the three sites. Annual Circular 1238, 37 p. variability in most habitat and water-quality variables was higher at the alpine site located in the mountains (SF) than at Brown, A.V., and Brown, K.B., 1984. Distribution of insects the basin sites (MWD and PRD). In general, annual variability within riffles of streams: Freshwater Invertebrate Biology, in RTH benthic algae metrics was higher at SF, but annual v. 3, no. 1, p. 2–11. variability in DTH metrics was lower. Annual variability Brown, B.L., 2003, Spatial heterogeneity reduces temporal in RTH macroinvertebrate metrics was higher at SF and variability in stream insect communities: Ecology Letters, PRD than at MWD. In contrast, annual variability in QMH v. 6, p. 316–325. macroinvertebrate metrics was lower at SF than at MWD or PRD. Annual variability in fish assemblages was higher at Brown, L.R.; Burton, C.A.; and Belitz, Kenneth; 2005, MWD and PRD primarily because of the higher number of Aquatic assemblages of the highly urbanized Santa species present at these sites. The CVs of seven benthic algae Ana River Basin, California, in Brown, L.R., Gray, metrics and six macroinvertebrate metrics were correlated to R.H., Hughes, R.M, and Meador, M.R., eds., Effects of the CVs of many of the habitat variables measured. urbanization on stream ecosystems: Bethesda, Maryland, The variability of physiochemical variables is likely to American Fisheries Society, Symposium 47, p. 263–287. have a role in structuring the annual variability of aquatic communities in the Santa Ana River Basin. However, some of Brown, L.R., and May, J.T., 2000, Macroinvertebrate the differences observed in habitat and aquatic communities assemblages on woody debris and their relations with between sites may be attributed to differences in ecoregions or environmental variables in the lower Sacramento and stream size rather than variability. Although the data collected San Joaquin river drainages, California: Environmental have a limited temporal scope, this report provides valuable Monitoring and Assessment v. 64, p. 311–329. baseline data on the variability of biological communities in Burkholder, J.M., 1996, Interactions of benthic algae with the Santa Ana River Basin. Additional sampling at more sites their substrata, in Stevenson, R.J., Bothwell, M.L., and over several years to address variability would be needed Lowe, R.L., eds., Algal ecology—freshwater benthic to better understand the variability in the composition of ecosystems: San Diego, Calif., Academic Press, p. 253–297. biological communities in the Santa Ana River Basin. 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Appendixes Appendixes 25 1.0 5.2 5.3 6.9 0.29 1.32 PRD01 191 ± 11 24.4 ± 540 6.8 ± 2.2 69 26 6 100 ± 1 15.9 0.003 15.5 ± 18.7 ± 56 ± 35 20.5 ± 0.66 ± 2.02 ± PRD00 189 ± 18 24.2 ± 1.2 540 5.8 ± 2.2 74 22 4 87 ± 19 37.2 0.001 13.4 ± 5.1 17.0 ± 4.4 61 ± 29 22.0 ± 4.7 0.64 ± 0.25 2.33 ± 1.45 PRD99 210 ± 31 23.7 ± 1.4 540 5.5 ± 2.5 82 18 0 88 ± 16 37.5 0.003 14.4 ± 5.4 17.8 ± 4.2 64 ± 42 21.8 ± 4.2 0.75 ± 0.27 1.95 ± 1.26 /s, cubic feet per second; m, meter; mg/L, 3 /s, cubic feet per second; m, meter; mg/L, 3 2 MWD01 74 ± 8 25.0 ± 4.2 900 3.0 ± 0 100 0 0 2.4 0.003 103 ± 65 46.0 ± 13.5 46.0 ± 147 ± 16 63.4 ± 22.5 63.4 ± 14 ± 17 0.12 ± 0.05 0.12 ± 1.23 ± 0.55 1.23 ± MWD00 76 ± 8 22.4 ± 1.0 900 3.0 ± 0 100 0 0 1.4 0.003 96 ± 55 42.4 ± 7.4 142 ± 8 60.0 ± 14.3 70 ± 19 0.12 ± 0.04 1.44 ± 0.39 MWD99 99 ± 16 21.8 ± 1.4 900 3.0 ± 0.2 100 0 0 25.7 0.003 143 ± 131 59.7 ± 11.4 152 ± 6 64.1 ± 10.7 82 ± 20 0.13 ± 0.05 1.32 ± 0.43 Sample identification UPH00 2.5 ± 1.2 19.6 ± 3.0 200 8.3 ± 0.5 33 55 13 35.1 0.039 20.3 ± 13.1 7.5 ± 2.5 88 ± 29 7.8 ± 2.5 78 ± 28 0.19 ± 0.11 0.37 ± 0.38 1 UPH99 10.2 22 200 0.040 7.9 ± 2.0 30 60 9 64.4 8.0 ± 3.6 112 ± 33 19.4 ± 5.2 24 ± 21 0.26 ± 0.14 0.67 ± 0.73 12.2 ± 9.0 SF01 1.31 10.9 ± 1.5 150 0.084 6.2 ± 2.6 16 76 8 42.0 2.9 ± 0.8 16 ± 17 3.9 ± 1.0 91 ± 16 0.15 ± 0.08 0.64 ± 0.63 8.8 ± 3.8 SF00 3.0 10.1 ± 1.7 150 0.083 5.8 ± 3.1 8 83 8 44.9 3.2 ± 0.8 20 ± 15 3.9 ± 0.9 94 ± 7 0.16 ± 0.07 0.16 ± 1.20 ± 1.18 1.20 ± 12.0 ± 11.7 12.0 ± SF99 3.8 12.2 ± 1.2 150 0.082 7.0 ± 2.2 4 76 20 43.4 3.4 ± 0.7 9 ± 16 4.2 ± 0.6 92 ± 12 0.17 ± 0.07 1.10 ± 1.00 12.4 ± 11.9
(n = 33) 4 3 Values for environmental variables measured during summers of 1999, 2000, and 2001 at four sites in the Santa Ana River Basin, California.—Continued Values Values for environmental variables measured during summers of 1999, 2000, and 2001 at four sites in the Santa Ana River Basin, California. Values /s) 3
Variable (m, n = 11) n = 11) (m, n = 11) (percent, n = 22) Water temperature (°C) Water Reach length (m) Reach gradient Run (percent) Riffle (percent) Riffle Pool (percent) Heterogeneity index Streambed substrate Appendix 1. Celsius; E, estimated; ft/s, feet per second; ft unless n = 1; °C, degrees are mean ± standard deviation Values of sample identification. [See table 1 for explanation Wetted channel width (mean) Wetted angle (degrees, Canopy Bankfull width closure Riparian canopy Depth (m, n = 33) Velocity (ft/s, n = 33) Velocity Shape index (n = 11) Shape index milligrams per liter; mi, mile; mm, millimeter; n, sample size; m S/cm, microsiemens centimeter; >, greater than; <, less —, no data] Discharge (ft Discharge Appendix 1. Celsius; E, estimated; ft/s, feet per second; ft unless n = 1; °C, degrees are mean ± standard deviation Values of sample identification. [See table 1 for explanation milligrams per liter; mi, mile; mm, millimeter; n, sample size; m S/cm, microsiemens centimeter; >, greater than; <, less —, no data] 26 Variability in Lotic Communities, Three Contrasting Stream Environments, Santa Ana River Basin, Calif., 1999–2001 5 0.45 0.03 PRD01 8.1 ± 0.4 974 ± 33 112 ± 3.0 5.1 ± 0.78 ± 8.2 ± 1.2 5 PRD00 8.2 ± 0.4 966 ± 6.5 108 ± 3.4 5.3 ± 0.32 0.85 ± 0.10 6.7 ± 0.9 5 PRD99 961 ± 11 8.2 ± 0.3 105 ± 2.2 5.5 ± 0.35 0.93 ± 0.20 3.0 ± 0.5 /s, cubic feet per second; m, meter; mg/L, 3 — — — — MWD01 856 ± 15 6.6 ± 0.6 5 MWD00 932 ± 21 83.6 ± 2.2 6.0 ± 0.50 0.83 ± 0.06 7.4 ± 0.5 2.4 ± 0.1 5 MWD99 77.2 ± 2.7 6.6 ± 0.92 0.79 ± 0.05 8.1 ± 0.6 3.0 ± 0.5 899 ± 11 6 6 6 Sample identification — UPH00 0.039 8.4 ± 0.4 8.4 ± 1.3 E0.054 ± <0.01 ± 0 282 6 6 6 — UPH99 0.025 0.011 8.1 5.6 ± 0.5 0.092 ± E 0.018 ± 253 — SF01 0.01 8.9 ± 0.6 0.69 ± 0.20 E 0.04 ± <0.02 ± 0 78 ± 11 SF00 0.007 9.3 ± 0.6 0.62 ± 0.07 0.62 ± <0.05 ± 0 E 0.009 ± 1.5 ± 0.8 71 ± 2 SF99 0.008 8.5 ± 0.8 0.75 ± .44 <0.05 ± 0 E 0.008 ± 2.1 ± 1.6 66 ± 4
Values for environmental variables measured during summers of 1999, 2000, and 2001 at four sites in the Santa Ana River Basin, California.—Continued Values
Variable n = 6) (mg/L, n = 4) (mg/L, n = 4) (mg/L, n = 4) (mg/L, n = 4) n = 6) Reach gradient for UPH99 determined from bottom of thalweg instead of water surface. instead of water Reach gradient for UPH99 determined from bottom of thalweg closure is a result of Arundo donax removal. percentage of riparian canopy Lower coarse gravel (>16−32 mm); 6, very (>2−16 mm); 5, coarse gravel gravel characterized as: 1, concrete; 2, silt, mud, or detritus; 3, sand (>0.063−2 mm); 4, fine/medium The streambed substrate size was and streambed substrate. closure, stream velocity, riparian canopy of shape index, of variation is the geometric mean of coefficient The heterogeneity index are from continuous monitoring, June to September. Values station 11051500 located about 2.5 mi downstream. are from gaging Values 1 2 3 4 5 6 Oxygen, dissolved (mg/L, Oxygen, dissolved Chloride, dissolved Chloride, dissolved Appendix 1. Celsius; E, estimated; ft/s, feet per second; ft unless n = 1; °C, degrees are mean ± standard deviation Values of sample identification. [See table 1 for explanation milligrams per liter; mi, mile; mm, millimeter; n, sample size; m S/cm, microsiemens centimeter; >, greater than; <, less —, no data] Nitrite + nitrate, dissolved Nitrite + nitrate, dissolved Orthophosphate, dissolved carbon organic Total Specific conductance (µS/cm, Specific (>32−64 mm); 7, small cobble (>64−128 mm); 8, large cobble (>128−256 mm); 9, small boulder (>256−512 mm); 10, large boulder, irregular bedrock, irregular hardpan, or irregular artificial surface surface artificial hardpan, or irregular bedrock, irregular irregular boulder, cobble (>128−256 mm); 9, small boulder (>256−512 10, large (>32−64 mm); 7, small cobble (>64−128 8, large (Fitzpatrick and others, 1998). Appendixes 27 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 89 PRD01 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 82 PRD00 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 93 PRD99 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 84 MWD01 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 72 MWD00 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 67 MWD99 Sample identification 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 71 UPH99 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 61 SF01 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 59 SF00 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 57 SF99 an 4 1 1 2 3 1 1 9 2 2 1 1 6 6 4 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 2 1 3 4 5 1 10 Number of occurrence samples with Scientific name Benthic algae taxa collected from four sites in the Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999−2001.—Continued Benthic algae taxa collected from four sites in the Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999−2001.
.
. Czarnecki Appendix 2 present in the sample] not present in the sample and a “1” represents taxa was a “0” represents taxa was [Under sample identification, Total taxa per sample Total Amphora montana Krasske Amphora Achnanthes conspicua Mayer Achnanthes algae) (green Chlorophyta Closterium lunula (Möller) Nitzsch (Kützing) Kützing ovalis Amphora sp. 1 ANS WRC Achnanthes Scenedesmus acuminatus (Lagerheim) Chodat Amphora pediculus (Kützing) Grunow Amphora (Grunow) Czarnecki (Grunow) exiguum Achnanthidium Scenedesmus acutus Meyen sp. 1 ANS WRC Amphora var. heterovalvum (Krasske) (Krasske) heterovalvum var. exiguum Achnanthidium Scenedesmus ecornis (Ralfs) Chodat Amphora veneta Kützing Amphora Achnanthidium minutissimum (Kützing) Czarnecki Achnanthidium (Turpin) Brébisson Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turpin) Anabaena oscillarioides Bory Achnanthidium pyrenaicum (Hustedt) Kobayasi Achnanthidium pyrenaicum Scenedesmus spinosus Chodat Asterionella formosa Hassal Adlafia bryophila (Petersen) Lange-Bertalot Adlafia Spirogyra sp. (Grunow) Simonsen ambigua (Grunow) Aulacoseira (Grunow) Lange-Bertalot minuscula (Grunow) Adlafia (Dillwyn) Kützing lubricum (Dillwyn) Stigeoclonium (Ehrenberg) Simonsen (Ehrenberg) granulata Aulacoseira Amphora copulata (Kützing) Schoeman and Archibald (diatoms) Chrysophyta CLASON Wüthrich grischuna cf. Achnanthes Gmelin Bacillaria paradoxa Amphora holsatica Hustedt Amphora Appendix 2 present in the sample] not present in the sample and a “1” represents taxa was a “0” represents taxa was [Under sample identification, 28 Variability in Lotic Communities, Three Contrasting Stream Environments, Santa Ana River Basin, Calif., 1999–2001 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 PRD01 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 PRD00 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 PRD99 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 MWD01 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 MWD00 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 MWD99 Sample identification 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 UPH99 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 SF01 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SF00 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 SF99 an 6 1 5 2 3 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 2 2 5 1 1 4 2 3 1 5 6 1 10 Number of occurrence samples with Scientific name Benthic algae taxa collected from four sites in the Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999−2001.—Continued
. Van Heurck Van Bertalot (Ehrenberg) Cleve euglypta (Ehrenberg) Cocconeis placentula var. Appendix 2 present in the sample] not present in the sample and a “1” represents taxa was a “0” represents taxa was [Under sample identification, Mann Diadesmis perpusilla (Grunow) (Grunow) Cleve Caloneis bacillum (Grunow) Hustedt Cyclotella pseudostelligera (Ehrenberg) lineata (Ehrenberg) Cocconeis placentula var. (Ehrenberg) Kützing Diatoma mesodon (Ehrenberg) (Hustedt) Lange- Chamaepinnularia bremensis (Cleve and Grunow) Van Heurck Van and Grunow) (Cleve Cyclotella stelligera var. pseudolineata Geitler Cocconeis placentula var. Diatoma vulgaris Bory Characium pringsheimii Braun Characium Kützing Cymbella affinis Craticula accomoda (Hustedt) Mann Craticula Hustedt Diploneis pseudovalis Chroococcus limneticus Lemmermann Chroococcus Cymbella delicatula Kützing Craticula cuspidata (Kützing) Mann Craticula (Linnaeus) Kützing glomerata Cladophora (Ehrenberg) Kützing (Ehrenberg) Cymbella gracilis (Grunow) Mann halophila (Grunow) Craticula Cocconeis fluviatilis Wallace Cymbella sp. 6 ANS WRC Craticula molestiformis (Hustedt) Lange-Bertalot Craticula Cocconeis neodiminuta Krammer (Brébisson ex Kützing) Van Heurck Kützing) Van Cymbella tumida (Brébisson ex Ehrenberg Cryptomonas erosa Cocconeis pediculus Ehrenberg Denticula kuetzingii Grunow Cyclotella atomus Hustedt Cocconeis placentula Ehrenberg Diadesmis confervacea Kützing Kützing Cyclotella meneghiniana (Grunow ex Van Heurck) Mann Van ex Diadesmis contenta (Grunow Appendixes 29 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 PRD01 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 PRD00 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 PRD99 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 MWD01 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 MWD00 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MWD99 Sample identification 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 UPH99 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 SF01 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 SF00 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 SF99 an 1 1 1 7 1 7 5 1 1 6 4 1 2 1 5 1 2 1 2 3 2 1 2 1 1 7 3 3 3 1 Number of occurrence samples with Scientific name Benthic algae taxa collected from four sites in the Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999−2001.—Continued
. Lange-Bertalot Metzeltin Metzeltin Metzeltin Bertalot Appendix 2 present in the sample] not present in the sample and a “1” represents taxa was a “0” represents taxa was [Under sample identification, (Hustedt) Mann tenera Fallacia Diploneis puella (Schumann) Cleve (Thwaites) DeToni. vulgaris (Thwaites) Frustulia (C.A. Agardh) C.A. Agardh Gomphonema minutum (C.A. Agardh) (Lange-Bertalot and Bonik) saprophila Fistulifera Encyonema minutum (Hilse) Mann Geissleria acceptata (Hustedt) Lange-Bertalot and Fragilaria bidens Heiberg Fragilaria Encyonema muelleri (Hustedt) Mann Geissleria decussis (Hustedt) Lange-Bertalot and Fragilaria capucina Desmazières Fragilaria (Berkeley) Kützing (Berkeley) Encyonema prostratum Geissleria paludosa (Hustedt) Lange-Bertalot and var. rumpens (Kützing) Lange- capucina var. Fragilaria Encyonema silesiacum (Bleisch) Mann (Ehrenberg) Cleve (Ehrenberg) Gomphoneis herculeana cf. bicapitata Mayer Fragilaria (Grunow) Krammer (Grunow) Encyonopsis microcephala ANS NAWQA EAM subclavatum ANS NAWQA Gomphonema aff. Kitton crotonensis Fragilaria Kützing Epithemia sorex Kützing Gomphonema affine var. lancettula (Schumann) Hustedt pinnata var. Fragilaria (Ehrenberg) Kützing (Ehrenberg) Epithemia turgida Fricke Gomphonema clevei (Kützing) Petersen vaucheriae Fragilaria Fallacia pygmaea (Kützing) Stickle and Mann Fallacia Kociolek and Kingston Kociolek Gomphonema kobayasii (Grunow) Cleve-Euler (Grunow) amphipleuroides Frustulia Kützing Gomphonema micropus 30 Variability in Lotic Communities, Three Contrasting Stream Environments, Santa Ana River Basin, Calif., 1999–2001 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 PRD01 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 PRD00 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 PRD99 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 MWD01 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 MWD00 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 MWD99 Sample identification 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 UPH99 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 SF01 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 SF00 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 SF99 an 3 7 5 1 1 1 9 1 4 2 2 1 7 1 3 5 1 1 1 3 1 1 2 1 5 5 2 6 8 1 9 6 10 Number of occurrence samples with Scientific name Wallace Benthic algae taxa collected from four sites in the Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999−2001.—Continued
. Bert. Metzeltin and Witkowski Lange-Bertalot (Rabenhorst) Cleve scalproides Gyrosigma Appendix 2 present in the sample] not present in the sample and a “1” represents taxa was a “0” represents taxa was [Under sample identification, varians Agardh. Melosira (Lyngbya) Kützing Gomphonema olivaceum (Lyngbya) (Quekett) Griff. and Henfr. Griff. spencerii (Quekett) Gyrosigma (Ralfs) Van Heurck constrictum (Ralfs) Van var. Meridion circulare Donkin Navicula gregaria Gomphonema parvulum (Kützing) Kützing (Ehrenberg) Patrick (Ehrenberg) Hannaea arcus Navicula antonii Lange Bertalot Navicula incertata Hustedt (Grunow) Reichett and Lange- Gomphonema pumilum (Grunow) (Ehrenberg) Grunow amphioxys (Ehrenberg) Hantzschia Navicula biconica Patrick Hustedt Navicula ingenua Gomphonema rhombicum Fricke (Ehrenberg) Lange-Bertalot, Hippodonta capitata (Ehrenberg) Navicula canalis Patrick (Grunow) Grunow Gomphonema subclavatum (Grunow) (Grunow) Kingston (Grunow) clevei Karayevia Germain Navicula capitatoradiata Gomphonema truncatum Ehrenberg (Hustedt) Kingston rostrata var. clevei Karayevia Navicula caterva Hohn and Hellerm. Gyrosigma attenuatum (Kützing) Rabenhorst Gyrosigma (Grunow) Round and Basson Lemnicola hungarica (Grunow) Navicula cryptocephala Kützing (Grunow) Reimer nodiferum (Grunow) Gyrosigma Luticola goeppertiana (Bleisch) Mann Navicula cryptotenella Lange-Bertalot in Kramm. and (Harrison) Elmore parkerii Gyrosigma Mayamaea atomus (Kützing) Lange-Bertalot Navicula erifuga Lange-Bertalot Navicula germainii Appendixes 31 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 PRD01 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 PRD00 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 PRD99 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 MWD01 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 MWD00 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 MWD99 Sample identification 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 UPH99 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 SF01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 SF00 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 SF99 an 2 9 4 4 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 5 6 1 3 1 1 3 1 5 1 4 2 1 1 2 5 1 2 6 8 5 1 1 1 10 Number of occurrence samples with Scientific name Benthic algae taxa collected from four sites in the Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999−2001.—Continued
. Appendix 2 present in the sample] not present in the sample and a “1” represents taxa was a “0” represents taxa was [Under sample identification, Navicula sanctaecrucis Østrup (Agardh) Ehrenberg Navicula lanceolata (Agardh) Lange-Bertalot archibaldii Nitzschia var. escambia Patrick var. Navicula schroeteri Navicula wildii Lange-Bertalot Navicula longicephala Hustedt Nitzschia bacillum Hustedt Nitzschia sp. 1 ANS NAWQA EAM Navicula sp. 1 ANS NAWQA (Ehrenberg) Hust. Neidium binodis (Ehrenberg) Navicula menisculus Schumann Nitzschia capitellata Hustedt Nitzschia Navicula subminuscula Manguin (Ehrenberg) Cleve Neidium dubium (Ehrenberg) Navicula minima Grunow cf. bacillum LAIRD Hustedt Nitzschia Hustedt Navicula submuralis Nitzschia acicularioides Hustedt Nitzschia Navicula perminuta Grunow Nitzschia clausii Hantzsch Nitzschia Navicula symmetrica Patrick Nitzschia acicularis (Kützing) Smith Nitzschia Lange-Bertalot Navicula recens Nitzschia communis Rabenhorst Nitzschia Navicula tantula Hustedt Hustedt aequorea Nitzschia Lange-Bertalot Navicula reichardtiana Navicula tenelloides Hustedt Hustedt agnita Nitzschia Kützing Navicula rhynchocephala (O. F. Müll.) Bory Navicula tripunctata (O. F. Nitzschia amphibia Grunow Nitzschia Kützing Navicula rostellata Navicula trivialis Lange-Bertalot Nitzschia amphibioides Hustedt Nitzschia Navicula veneta Kützing Nitzschia angustiforaminata Lange-Bertalot angustiforaminata Nitzschia 32 Variability in Lotic Communities, Three Contrasting Stream Environments, Santa Ana River Basin, Calif., 1999–2001 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 PRD01 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 PRD00 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 PRD99 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 MWD01 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 MWD00 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 MWD99 Sample identification 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 UPH99 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 SF01 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SF00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 SF99 an 1 1 3 4 6 4 7 1 1 2 1 3 9 1 3 1 1 4 2 3 2 2 4 1 1 3 8 1 1 1 5 2 3 10 Number of occurrence samples with Scientific name Benthic algae taxa collected from four sites in the Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999−2001.—Continued
. Bertalot Bertalot Appendix 2 present in the sample] not present in the sample and a “1” represents taxa was a “0” represents taxa was [Under sample identification, (Grunow) Lange- (Grunow) vexans var. compressa Nitzschia pelagica Hustedt pelagica fonticola var. Nitzschia Nitzschia microcephala Grunow Nitzschia supralitorea Lange-Bertalot Nitzschia desertorum Hustedt Nitzschia Nitzschia frustulum (Kützing) Grunow Nitzschia Nitzschia palea (Kützing) Smith Nitzschia thermalis Kützing Nitzschia diserta Hustedt Nitzschia Nitzschia fruticosa Hustedt Nitzschia Nitzschia paleacea Grunow in Van Heurck in Van Nitzschia paleacea Grunow et Grunow in Cleve Nitzschia tubicola Grunow Nitzschia dissipata (Kützing) Grunow Nitzschia Nitzschia gracilis Hantzsch ex Rabenhorst Nitzschia gracilis Hantzsch ex Nitzschia perminuta (Grunow) Peragallo Nitzschia perminuta (Grunow) var. media (Hantzsch) Grunow dissipata var. Nitzschia Nitzschia hantzschiana Rabenhorst Nitzschia pusilla Grunow Grunow elegantula Nitzschia Nitzschia inconspicua Grunow Nitzschia recta Hantzsch ex Rabenhorst Nitzschia recta Hantzsch ex (W. Smith) Van Heurck Smith) Van (W. filiformis Nitzschia Nitzschia intermedia Hantzsch ex Cl.eve et Grunow Cl.eve Nitzschia intermedia Hantzsch ex Nitzschia sigma (Kützing) W. Smith Nitzschia sigma (Kützing) W. Geitler flexoides Nitzschia Nitzschia lacuum Lange-Bertalot Nitzschia sigmoidea (Nitzschia) W. Smith Nitzschia sigmoidea (Nitzschia) W. Nitzschia fonticola Grunow Nitzschia Nitzschia levidensis var. salinarum Grunow var. Nitzschia levidensis Nitzschia sinuata var. delognei (Grunow) Lange- delognei (Grunow) Nitzschia sinuata var. Nitzschia liebethruthii Rabenhorst Nitzschia sociabilis Hustedt Nitzschia linearis (Agardh ex W. Smith) W. Smith Smith) W. W. ex Nitzschia linearis (Agardh Nitzschia solita Hustedt Appendixes 33 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PRD01 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PRD00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 PRD99 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MWD01 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 MWD00 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 MWD99 Sample identification 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 UPH99 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 SF01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 SF00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 SF99 an 1 1 1 4 1 2 1 1 1 3 2 2 1 1 2 1 3 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 2 Number of occurrence samples with Grunow Scientific name Benthic algae taxa collected from four sites in the Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999−2001.—Continued
. Lange-Bertalot Bukhtiyarova Round Bertalot et Metzeltin Bertalot Round Bertalot Bukhtiyarova Lange-Bertalot Appendix 2 present in the sample] not present in the sample and a “1” represents taxa was a “0” represents taxa was [Under sample identification, Nitzschia umbonata Lange-Bertalot Pinnularia subcapitata Greg. (Ehrenberg) Compere (Ehrenberg) laevis Pleurosira Nupela lapidosa (Krasske) Lange-Bertalot Nupela lapidosa (Krasske) Placoneis elginensis (Greg.) Cox Placoneis elginensis (Greg.) Protoderma viride Kützing Protoderma Oedogonium sp. Placoneis pseudoanglica (Lange-Bertalot) Cox (Germ.) Bukht. and Round Psammothidium bioretii Opephora olsenii M Moller Planothidium daui (Foged) Lange-Bertalot Planothidium daui (Foged) (Hohn and Hellerman) Psammothidium chlidanos Oscillatoria limnetica Lemmermann Planothidium delicatulum (Kützing) Round et (Hustedt) Bukhtiyarova and Psammothidium helveticum (Hustedt) Bukhtiyarova Parlibellus protracta (Grunow) Witkowski, Lange- Witkowski, protracta (Grunow) Parlibellus Planothidium frequentissimum (Lange-Bertalot) Lange- (Hustedt) Bukhtiyarova and (Hustedt) Bukhtiyarova Psammothidium rossii Pediastrum simplex (Meyen) Lemmermann (Meyen) Pediastrum simplex (Hohn and Hellermann) Lange- Planothidium granum Phormidium formosum (Grunow) Round and (Grunow) Planothidium hauckianum Phormidium granulatum (Brébisson ex Kützing) Planothidium lanceolatum (Brébisson ex Pinnularia divergentissima (Grunow) Cl. (Grunow) Pinnularia divergentissima (Østrup) Lange-Bertalot Planothidium rostratum Pleurosigma salinarum Pleurosigma 34 Variability in Lotic Communities, Three Contrasting Stream Environments, Santa Ana River Basin, Calif., 1999–2001 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 PRD01 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 PRD00 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 PRD99 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 MWD01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 MWD00 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 MWD99 Sample identification 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 UPH99 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 SF01 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 SF00 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 SF99 an 1 1 5 1 2 1 1 4 8 2 3 9 3 1 1 1 4 2 6 1 1 2 6 7 1 4 4 2 2 1 10 Number of occurrence samples with Scientific name Benthic algae taxa collected from four sites in the Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999−2001.—Continued
. and Round Williams and Round Williams and others Bukhtiyarova Round Appendix 2 present in the sample] not present in the sample and a “1” represents taxa was a “0” represents taxa was [Under sample identification, (Hustedt) Bukhtiyarova Psammothidium subatomoides (Hustedt) Bukhtiyarova (Grunow) Lange-Bert. (Grunow) Simonsenia delognei (C. A. Ag.) Snoeijs tabulata Tabularia Stephanodiscus medius Håkansson (Grunow in V.H.) in V.H.) (Grunow brevistriata Pseudostaurosira (Weber) Hasle potamos (Weber) Skeletonema Terpsinoe musica Ehrenberg Terpsinoe Surirella angusta Kützing Surirella (Greg.) Kociolek and Stoermer Kociolek Reimeria sinuata (Greg.) (Ehrenberg) Williams and Round Williams construens (Ehrenberg) Staurosira Kramm. and Lange-Bert. brebissonii Surirella (Agardh) Lange-Bertalot (Agardh) Rhoicosphenia abbreviata (Grunow) Kingston pumila (Grunow) construens var. Staurosira Surirella minuta Bréb. Surirella (Ehr.) O. Müll. Rhopalodia gibba (Ehr.) var. subsalina (Hust.) Andresen construens var. Staurosira Ehrenberg robusta Surirella (Grunow) Round and Rossithidium pusillum (Grunow) (Ehr.) Hamilton venter (Ehr.) construens var. Staurosira Greg. tenera Surirella (Ehr.) Mann bacillum (Ehr.) Sellaphora (Schumann) Williams and Round elliptica (Schumann) Williams Staurosira (W. Sm.) Hust. (W. parasitica Synedra Sellaphora pupula (Kütz.) Meresckowsky Sellaphora (Ehrenberg) Williams and Williams (Ehrenberg) leptostauron Staurosirella Synedra ulna (Nitz.) Ehr. Synedra (Grunow) Mann seminulum (Grunow) Sellaphora (Ehrenberg) Williams and Round Williams pinnata (Ehrenberg) Staurosirella Østr. contracta ulna var. Synedra Grunow Stephanodiscus hantzschii (Ag.) Williams and Round fasciculata (Ag.) Williams Tabularia Appendixes 35 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 PRD01 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 PRD00 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 PRD99 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 MWD01 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 MWD00 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 MWD99 Sample identification 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 UPH99 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SF01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SF00 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 SF99 an 1 1 1 2 4 6 5 3 2 1 1 2 3 1 2 2 Number of occurrence samples with Scientific name Benthic algae taxa collected from four sites in the Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999−2001.—Continued
. Anagnostidis & Komárek Nostoc commune Vaucher Appendix 2 present in the sample] not present in the sample and a “1” represents taxa was a “0” represents taxa was [Under sample identification, sp. 1 NAWQA DW SANA DW sp. 1 NAWQA Thalassiosira Oscillatoria sp. (Grunow) Fryxell and Hasle Fryxell (Grunow) weissflogii Thalassiosira Unknown Cyanophyte Oscillatoriales (no sheath) Cyanophyte Unknown Tryblionella apiculata Greg. Tryblionella Unknown Cyanophyte Oscillatoriales (sheath) Cyanophyte Unknown (Grunow) Mann calida (Grunow) Tryblionella Euglenophyta Euglena sp. (Bailey) Poulin (Bailey) compressa Tryblionella Trachelomonas hispida (Perty) Stein Trachelomonas W. Smith W. levidensis Tryblionella Rhodophyta (red algae) Rhodophyta (chantransia) Florideophycidae Rhodophyte Unknown Cyanophyta (blue-green algae) Cyanophyta Gomont) (Kützing ex Blennothrix brebissonii Homoeothrix janthina (Bornet et Flahault) Starmach sp. Lyngbya 36 Variability in Lotic Communities, Three Contrasting Stream Environments, Santa Ana River Basin, Calif., 1999–2001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 39 PRD01 2,804 2,804 1,402 1,402 21,030 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 42 PRD00 6,367 38,205 25,470 25,470 216,492 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 PRD99 1,725 8,623 5,174 3,449 1,725 3,449 77,606 12,072 15,831 94,852 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 32 856 MWD01 2,353 2,125 1,284 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 26 MWD00 97,672 572,669 195,344 195,344 146,508 97,672 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 33 4,295 4,295 4,295 8,590 12,884 MWD99 45,791 177,439 Sample identification 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 38 13,796 27,593 55,185 UPH99 462,178 193,149 172,455 186,251 482,873 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 34 SF01 546 5,464 9,470 17,666 10,745 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 26 SF00 1,162 1,245 13,534 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 31 39 10 20 20 SF99 410 322 2,740 2 3 4 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 4 1 1 1 5 5 10 with an samples Number of occurrence Scientific name Benthic algae taxa and their densities from richest-targeted habitat samples collected four sites in the Santa Ana River B asin, California, 1999−2001.— 1999−2001.
Heurck var. pseudolineata Geitler Cocconeis placentula var. Kützing Cyclotella meneghiniana Amphora veneta Kützing Amphora Appendix 3. Continued per square centimeter] are number of individuals [Values Appendix 3. per square centimeter] are number of individuals [Values Total taxa per sample Total (Grunow) Simonsen ambigua (Grunow) Aulacoseira Hustedt Cyclotella pseudostelligera Chlorophyta (green algae) (green Chlorophyta Scenedesmus acutus Meyen (Ehrenberg) Simonsen (Ehrenberg) granulata Aulacoseira (Cleve and Grunow) Van Heurck Van and Grunow) (Cleve Cyclotella stelligera (Turpin) Brébisson Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turpin) Gmelin Bacillaria paradoxa Kützing Cymbella affinis (Dillwyn) Kützing lubricum (Dillwyn) Stigeoclonium (Grunow) Cleve Caloneis bacillum (Grunow) Cymbella delicatula Kützing Chrysophyta (diatoms) Chrysophyta CLASON Wüthrich cf. grischuna Achnanthes Cocconeis neodiminuta Krammer (Ehrenberg) Kützing (Ehrenberg) Cymbella gracilis (Grunow) Czarnecki (Grunow) exiguum Achnanthidium Cocconeis pediculus Ehrenberg Achnanthidium minutissimum (Kützing) Czarnecki Achnanthidium (Hustedt) Kobayasi pyrenaicum Achnanthidium Cocconeis placentula Ehrenberg Cymbella sp. 6 ANS WRC Amphora pediculus (Kützing) Grunow Amphora (Ehrenberg) Cleve euglypta (Ehrenberg) Cocconeis placentula var. (Ehrenberg) Van Van lineata (Ehrenberg) Cocconeis placentula var. Appendixes 37 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PRD01 1,402 9,814 1,402 4,907 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PRD00 6,367 6,367 12,735 89,144 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PRD99 8,623 3,449 24,144 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MWD01 1,070 7,915 1,925 12,407 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MWD00 634,867 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,884 MWD99 Sample identification 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,898 6,898 96,575 55,185 13,796 13,796 13,796 89,676 UPH99 200,047 393,196 255,233 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SF01 182 911 364 728 728 1,821 2,914 1,457 2,914 1,275 4,371 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 83 83 83 83 SF00 415 249 249 415 3,072 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 49 10 10 29 SF99 176 351 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 5 2 8 1 2 1 1 2 1 3 3 1 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 3 with an samples Number of occurrence Scientific name Benthic algae taxa and their densities from richest-targeted habitat samples collected four sites in the Santa Ana River B asin, California, 1999−2001.—
Metzeltin Lange-Bertalot Lange-Bertalot Hustedt Metzeltin Geissleria paludosa (Hustedt) Lange-Bertalot and (Ehrenberg) Kützing (Ehrenberg) Epithemia turgida Appendix 3. Continued per square centimeter] are number of individuals [Values Fricke Gomphonema clevei Fallacia pygmaea (Kützing) Stickle and Mann Fallacia (Brébisson ex Kützing) Van Heurck Kützing) Van Cymbella tumida (Brébisson ex Kociolek and Kingston Kociolek Gomphonema kobayasii (Lange-Bertalot and Bonik) saprophila Fistulifera Denticula kuetzingii Grunow (C.A. Agardh) C.A. Agardh Gomphonema minutum (C.A. Agardh) Diadesmis confervacea Kützing Gomphonema parvulum (Kützing) Kützing Fragilaria capucina Desmazières Fragilaria (Ehrenberg) Kützing Diatoma mesodon (Ehrenberg) cf. bicapitata Mayer Fragilaria Hustedt Diploneis pseudovalis (Grunow) Reichett and Gomphonema pumilum (Grunow) Kitton crotonensis Fragilaria Encyonema minutum (Hilse) Mann Gomphonema rhombicum Fricke var. lancettula (Schumann) pinnata var. Fragilaria Encyonema muelleri (Hustedt) Mann (Grunow) Grunow Gomphonema subclavatum (Grunow) Fragilaria vaucheriae (Kützing) Petersen vaucheriae Fragilaria Encyonema silesiacum (Bleisch) Mann Gomphonema truncatum Ehrenberg (Grunow) Cleve-Euler (Grunow) amphipleuroides Frustulia Kützing Epithemia sorex Geissleria acceptata (Hustedt) Lange-Bertalot and 38 Variability in Lotic Communities, Three Contrasting Stream Environments, Santa Ana River Basin, Calif., 1999–2001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 701 PRD01 6,309 1,402 1,402 1,402 1,402 2,804 1,402 4,206 4,907 6,309 7,010 107,952 65,192 21,030 10,515 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PRD00 6,367 6,367 6,367 6,367 25,470 464,822 19,102 70,042 25,470 63,674 82,777 63,674 38,205 25,470 12,735 12,735 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PRD99 5,174 1,725 20,695 24,144 346,641 12,072 46,564 24,144 27,593 10,347 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 428 428 MWD01 1,711 1,284 3,423 1,284 1,711 12,621 10,696 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48,836 97,672 MWD00 390,688 976,719 439,524 3,418,517 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,295 8,590 2,147 68,717 38,653 17,179 MWD99 122,402 152,465 287,751 143,876 Sample identification 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,898 6,898 13,796 13,796 UPH99 1,069,219 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SF01 728 728 728 728 1,639 10,199 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 83 83 SF00 996 249 166 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SF99 185 488 1,102 3 2 6 1 3 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 7 2 4 1 1 6 1 1 1 6 4 4 2 2 5 5 5 5 with an samples Number of occurrence Scientific name Kützing Benthic algae taxa and their densities from richest-targeted habitat samples collected four sites in the Santa Ana River B asin, California, 1999−2001.—
and Lange-Bertalot. Metzeltin and Witkowski Navicula biconica Patrick Navicula perminuta Grunow Appendix 3. Continued per square centimeter] are number of individuals [Values Navicula canalis Patrick Lange-Bertalot Navicula recens Gyrosigma attenuatum (Kützing) Rabenhorst Gyrosigma Germain Navicula capitatoradiata Lange-Bertalot Navicula reichardtiana (Grunow) Reimer nodiferum (Grunow) Gyrosigma Navicula caterva Hohn and Hellerm. Kützing Navicula rostellata (Rabenhorst) Cleve scalproides Gyrosigma Navicula cryptotenella Lange-Bertalot. in Kramm. var. escambia Patrick var. Navicula schroeteri Navicula erifuga Lange-Bertalot sp.1 ANS NAWQA DW DW Navicula sp.1 ANS NAWQA (Ehrenberg) Lange-Bertalot, Hippodonta capitata (Ehrenberg) Navicula subminuscula Manguin (Hustedt) Kingston rostrata var. clevei Karayevia Wallace Navicula germainii (Grunow) Round and Basson Lemnicola hungarica (Grunow) Donkin Navicula gregaria Navicula symmetrica Patrick Luticola goeppertiana (Bleisch) Mann (Agardh) Ehrenberg Navicula lanceolata (Agardh) Navicula tenelloides Hustedt Mayamaea atomus (Kützing) Lange-Bertalot Navicula minima Grunow (O. F. Müll.) Bory Navicula tripunctata (O. F. Melosira varians Agardh Melosira Navicula veneta Appendixes 39 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,402 4,206 2,804 7,010 1,402 1,402 12,618 10,515 56,780 14,020 PRD01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,367 6,367 6,367 6,367 89,144 38,205 19,102 PRD00 101,879 216,492 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,449 5,174 3,449 6,898 3,449 3,449 5,174 PRD99 13,797 17,246 20,695 25,869 46,564 141,416 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 428 428 856 5,562 2,567 2,567 35,297 10,910 MWD01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48,836 MWD00 146,508 293,016 146,508 244,180 195,344 2,148,782 2,539,469 1,611,586 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,147 8,590 12,884 85,896 38,653 MWD99 141,728 304,930 Sample identification 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,898 6,898 41,389 48,287 UPH99 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SF01 364 728 3,096 1,275 5,646 4,735 11,838 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 83 SF00 166 415 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 20 SF99 1 3 1 1 3 1 1 1 6 1 1 5 1 6 4 3 1 9 1 4 2 1 1 6 2 1 2 1 1 1 with an samples Number of occurrence Scientific name Grunow Benthic algae taxa and their densities from richest-targeted habitat samples collected four sites in the Santa Ana River B asin, California, 1999−2001.—
Lange-Bertalot Lange-Bertalot Nitzschia communis Rabenhorst Nitzschia Appendix 3. Continued per square centimeter] are number of individuals [Values Nitzschia acicularioides Hustedt Nitzschia Nitzschia desertorum Hustedt Nitzschia Hantzsch ex Rabenhorst Hantzsch ex recta Nitzschia Nitzschia acicularis (Kützing) Smith Nitzschia Grunow elegantula Nitzschia Nitzschia dissipata (Kützing) Grunow Nitzschia (Nitzschia) W. Smith sigmoidea (Nitzschia) W. Nitzschia Hustedt agnita Nitzschia Nitzschia fonticola Grunow Nitzschia (Grunow) (Grunow) delognei sinuata var. Nitzschia Nitzschia amphibia Grunow Nitzschia Nitzschia frustulum (Kützing) Grunow Nitzschia Nitzschia sociabilis Hustedt Nitzschia Nitzschia amphibioides Hustedt Nitzschia Nitzschia inconspicua Grunow Nitzschia Lange-Bertalot supralitorea Nitzschia Lange-Bertalot archibaldii Nitzschia (Agardh ex W. Smith) W. Smith Smith) W. W. ex linearis (Agardh Nitzschia Grunow in Cleve and Grunow in Cleve tubicola Grunow Nitzschia Nitzschia bacillum Hustedt Nitzschia Nitzschia palea (Kützing) Smith Nitzschia Opephora olsenii M Moller Opephora Nitzschia capitellata Hustedt Nitzschia (Grunow) Peragallo perminuta (Grunow) Nitzschia Pinnularia subcapitata Greg. cf. bacillum LAIRD Hustedt Nitzschia Nitzschia pusilla Nitzschia Placoneis pseudoanglica (Lange-Bertalot) Cox (Lange-Bertalot) Planothidium frequentissimum 40 Variability in Lotic Communities, Three Contrasting Stream Environments, Santa Ana River Basin, Calif., 1999–2001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,402 1,402 2,103 12,618 PRD01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,367 6,367 6,367 6,367 6,367 6,367 12,735 12,735 PRD00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,725 3,449 3,449 8,623 3,449 PRD99 18,970 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 642 856 428 1,711 4,706 MWD01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 97,672 MWD00 195,344 244,180 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,147 8,590 4,295 64,422 21,474 19,327 MWD99 Sample identification 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,898 6,898 6,898 13,796 13,796 UPH99 165,556 131,065 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SF01 546 546 911 2,185 1,093 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 83 SF00 249 415 249 498 498 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 20 10 39 20 SF99 273 107 7 3 1 6 1 1 2 1 3 1 5 2 5 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 with an samples Number of occurrence Scientific name Benthic algae taxa and their densities from richest-targeted habitat samples collected four sites in the Santa Ana River B asin, California, 1999−2001.—
Lange-Bertalot Hamilton Lange-Bertalot Round Round Bukhtiyarova (Grunow) Mann seminulum (Grunow) Sellaphora Synedra ulna (Nitzschia) Ehrenberg Synedra Appendix 3. Continued per square centimeter] are number of individuals [Values (Grunow) Lange-Bertalot (Grunow) Simonsenia delognei (Brébisson ex Kützing) Planothidium lanceolatum (Brébisson ex Østrup contracta ulna var. Synedra (Grunow) Kingston pumila (Grunow) construens var. Staurosira (Ehrenberg) Compere (Ehrenberg) laevis Pleurosira (Agardh) Williams and Round Williams fasciculata (Agardh) Tabularia (Ehrenberg) venter (Ehrenberg) construens var. Staurosira (Hohn and Hellermann) Psammothidium chlidanos (C. A. Agardh) Snoeijs (C. A. Agardh) tabulata Tabularia (Ehrenberg) Williams and Williams (Ehrenberg) leptostauron Staurosirella (Greg.) Kociolek and Stoermer Kociolek Reimeria sinuata (Greg.) Tryblionella apiculata Greg. Tryblionella (Ehrenberg) Williams and Williams pinnata (Ehrenberg) Staurosirella (Agardh) Lange-Bertalot (Agardh) Rhoicosphenia abbreviata (Bailey) Poulin (Bailey) compressa Tryblionella Grunow Stephanodiscus hantzschii (Ehrenberg) O. Müll. Rhopalodia gibba (Ehrenberg) Surirella minuta Brébisson. Surirella (Grunow) Round and Rossithidium pusillum (Grunow) Ehrenberg robusta Surirella (Ehrenberg) Mann bacillum (Ehrenberg) Sellaphora (W. Smith) Hust. (W. parasitica Synedra Sellaphora pupula (Kützing) Meresckowsky Sellaphora Appendixes 41 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PRD01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PRD00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,958 PRD99 87,073 649,088 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 850 4,250 MWD01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MWD00 4,772,243 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MWD99 463,631 818,510 Sample identification 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 UPH99 1,484,615 3,281,780 85,951,377 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SF01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SF00 0 0 0 0 0 SF99 9,496 23,856 27,735 12,275 36,131 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 with an samples Number of occurrence Scientific name Benthic algae taxa and their densities from richest-targeted habitat samples collected four sites in the Santa Ana River B asin, California, 1999−2001.—
Anagnostidis and Komárek Rhodophyta (red algae) (red Rhodophyta (chantransia) Florideophycidae Rhodophyte Unknown Appendix 3. Continued per square centimeter] are number of individuals [Values Cyanophyta (blue-green algae) (blue-green Cyanophyta Gomont) (Kützing ex Blennothrix brebissonii Homoeothrix janthina (Bornet and Flahault) Starmach sp. Lyngbya Nostoc commune Vaucher Oscillatoria sp. Phormidium granulatum Unknown Cyanophyte Oscillatoriales (no sheath) Cyanophyte Unknown Unknown Cyanophyte Oscillatoriales (sheath) Cyanophyte Unknown Euglenophyta Euglena sp. 42 Variability in Lotic Communities, Three Contrasting Stream Environments, Santa Ana River Basin, Calif., 1999–2001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 58 16,674 40,016 16,674 10,004 13,339 46,686 10,004 PRD01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 52,023 PRD00 156,069 104,046 156,069 208,092 208,092 468,206 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 62 302,480 201,653 201,653 403,308 201,653 100,827 PRD99 2,016,539 3,813,633 1,008,269 11,440,899 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 59 28,166 18,777 MWD01 234,717 178,385 103,276 150,219 403,714 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 42 44,077 29,384 58,769 58,965 29,384 29,384 14,692 14,692 MWD00 220,383 352,613 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 39 MWD99 208,063 138,709 138,709 713,360 Sample identification 2,358,052 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 UPH99 38,236 802,950 382,357 305,885 4,741,228 3,058,857 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 42 9,953 9,953 SF01 59,717 29,858 19,906 437,923 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 28 8,206 SF00 160,017 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 38 SF99 210,819 210,819 843,277 632,457 210,819 6,746,216 3 2 4 6 4 1 2 2 4 1 9 3 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 4 1 1 3 6 with an samples Number of occurrence Scientific name Benthic algae taxa and their densities from depositional-targeted habitat samples collected four sites in the Santa Ana Ri ver Basin, California, 1999−2001. Benthic algae taxa and their densities from depositional-targeted habitat samples collected four sites in the Santa Ana Ri ver Basin, California, 1999−2001.—
Cleve Bertalot Archibald Kobayasi Czarnecki (Grunow) Simonsen ambigua (Grunow) Aulacoseira Asterionella formosa Hassal (Grunow) Czarnecki (Grunow) exiguum Achnanthidium Amphora veneta Kützing Amphora (Ehrenberg) euglypta (Ehrenberg) Cocconeis placentula var. sp. 1 ANS WRC Achnanthes sp. 1 ANS WRC Amphora Cocconeis pediculus Ehrenberg Chrysophyta (diatoms) Chrysophyta CLASON Wüthrich cf. grischuna Achnanthes Achnanthes conspicua Mayer Achnanthes Amphora pediculus (Kützing) Grunow Amphora Cocconeis neodiminuta Krammer (Turpin) Brébisson Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turpin) (Kützing) Kützing ovalis Amphora (Hustedt) Lange- Chamaepinnularia bremensis Scenedesmus ecornis (Ralfs) Chodat Amphora copulata (Kützing) Schoeman and Amphora (Grunow) Cleve Caloneis bacillum (Grunow) Scenedesmus acutus Meyen (Grunow) Lange-Bertalot minuscula (Grunow) Adlafia Gmelin Bacillaria paradoxa Chlorophyta (green algae) (green Chlorophyta Closterium lunula (Möller) Nitzsch (Hustedt) pyrenaicum Achnanthidium (Ehrenberg) Simonsen (Ehrenberg) granulata Aulacoseira Total taxa per sample Total Appendix 4. Appendix 4. Continued per square centimeter] are number of individuals [Values per square centimeter] are number of individuals [Values Achnanthidium minutissimum (Kützing) Achnanthidium Appendixes 43 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,669 6,669 3,335 6,669 13,339 13,339 10,004 PRD01 140,058 103,376 133,388 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 52,023 52,023 52,023 PRD00 884,389 156,069 104,046 104,046 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 201,653 201,653 201,653 201,653 201,653 100,827 504,135 PRD99 2,016,539 8,166,986 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,389 9,389 75,110 84,498 56,332 MWD01 150,219 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,692 58,769 44,077 MWD00 367,305 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MWD99 208,063 138,709 277,417 Sample identification 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 UPH99 38,236 38,236 38,236 152,943 114,707 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,953 9,953 4,976 SF01 29,858 49,764 49,764 348,347 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,206 4,103 SF00 53,339 315,931 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SF99 316,229 421,638 737,867 210,819 1,264,915 1,475,735 14,546,530 3 1 3 5 1 1 2 1 1 2 5 3 1 2 1 1 1 4 3 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 9 with an samples Number of occurrence Scientific name Benthic algae taxa and their densities from depositional-targeted habitat samples collected four sites in the Santa Ana Ri ver Basin, California, 1999−2001.—
Cleve-Euler Hustedt Mann Lange-Bertalot Bertalot Van Heurck Van Encyonema silesiacum (Bleisch) Mann (Grunow) (Grunow) amphipleuroides Frustulia Encyonema minutum (Hilse) Mann (Kützing) Petersen vaucheriae Fragilaria Kützing Cymbella affinis Diploneis puella (Schumann) Cleve var. lancettula (Schumann) pinnata var. Fragilaria Hustedt Cyclotella pseudostelligera Diploneis pseudovalis Hustedt Diploneis pseudovalis Kitton crotonensis Fragilaria Kützing Cyclotella meneghiniana (Ehrenberg) Kützing Diatoma mesodon (Ehrenberg) cf. bicapitata Mayer Fragilaria Cyclotella atomus Hustedt (Grunow ex Van Heurck) Van ex Diadesmis contenta (Grunow var. rumpens (Kützing) capucina var. Fragilaria Craticula molestiformis (Hustedt) Lange- Craticula Diadesmis confervacea Kützing Fragilaria capucina Desmazières Fragilaria (Grunow) Mann halophila (Grunow) Craticula Denticula kuetzingii Grunow Fragilaria bidens Heiberg Fragilaria Craticula accomoda (Hustedt) Mann Craticula Cymbella sp. 6 ANS WRC Fallacia pygmaea (Kützing) Stickle and Mann Fallacia var. pseudolineata Geitler Cocconeis placentula var. Cymbella delicatula Kützing (Grunow) Krammer (Grunow) Encyonopsis microcephala (Ehrenberg) lineata (Ehrenberg) Cocconeis placentula var. Appendix 4. Continued per square centimeter] are number of individuals [Values 44 Variability in Lotic Communities, Three Contrasting Stream Environments, Santa Ana River Basin, Calif., 1999–2001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,669 3,335 3,335 3,335 3,335 3,335 6,669 20,008 PRD01 120,049 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 52,023 52,023 52,023 PRD00 468,206 312,137 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 403,308 604,961 100,827 100,827 201,653 100,827 PRD99 1,310,750 1,411,576 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 37,555 56,332 56,332 18,777 28,166 37,555 18,777 18,777 75,110 MWD01 244,106 197,163 168,997 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 73,461 14,692 44,077 14,692 29,384 MWD00 132,230 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MWD99 69,354 693,545 277,417 277,417 346,772 138,709 Sample identification 1,456,444 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 UPH99 38,236 76,471 38,236 38,236 76,471 114,707 152,943 191,178 802,950 1,491,193 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,953 9,953 9,953 4,976 SF01 69,669 44,788 29,858 14,929 24,882 303,560 278,678 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,103 4,103 4,103 SF00 38,979 36,927 32,824 184,635 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SF99 421,638 948,687 6,324,578 4,532,614 5 1 6 9 4 1 4 4 4 1 3 6 2 1 5 1 1 3 2 6 2 2 5 1 with an samples Number of occurrence (Ralfs) Van (Ralfs) Van Scientific name Benthic algae taxa and their densities from depositional-targeted habitat samples collected four sites in the Santa Ana Ri ver Basin, California, 1999−2001.—
Lange-Bertalot Basson C.A. Agardh Kingston Bertalot, Metzeltin and Witkowski EAM Kramm. and Lange-Bertalot et Metzeltin Metzeltin and Metzeltin Heurek var. constrictum var. Meridion circulare Melosira varians Agardh Melosira (Grunow) Reichett and Gomphonema pumilum (Grunow) Mayamaea atomus (Kützing) Lange-Bertalot Gomphonema parvulum (Kütz.) Kütz. Luticola goeppertiana (Bleisch) Mann (Lyngb.) Kütz. Gomphonema olivaceum (Lyngb.) (Grunow) Round and Lemnicola hungarica (Grunow) (C.A. Agardh) Gomphonema minutum (C.A. Agardh) Wallace Navicula germainii (Grunow) Kingston (Grunow) clevei Karayevia Kociolek and Kociolek Gomphonema kobayasii Navicula erifuga Lange-Bertalot (Ehrenberg) Lange- Hippodonta capitata (Ehrenberg) ANS NAWQA subclavatum ANS NAWQA Gomphonema aff. Navicula cryptotenella Lange-Bertalot in ) Patrick ( Ehrenberg Hannaea arcus Geissleria paludosa (Hustedt) Lange-Bertalot Navicula cryptocephala Kützing (Rabenhorst) Cleve scalproides Gyrosigma Geissleria decussis (Hustedt) Lange-Bertalot et Navicula antonii Lange Bertalot Gomphonema rhombicum Fricke Geissleria acceptata (Hustedt) Lange-Bertalot Appendix 4. Continued per square centimeter] are number of individuals [Values Appendixes 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,669 3,335 6,669 6,669 6,669 6,669 30,012 53,355 23,343 20,008 80,033 20,008 30,012 13,339 16,674 33,347 PRD01 100,041 260,107 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 52,023 52,023 52,023 52,023 52,023 52,023 52,023 52,023 PRD00 260,115 832,366 208,092 208,092 988,435 364,160 728,321 884,389 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 201,653 806,616 201,653 604,961 100,827 201,653 806,616 PRD99 5,646,311 1,714,058 1,915,712 1,008,269 1,209,924 3,730,599 5,847,966 1,008,269 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,389 18,777 18,777 28,166 56,332 18,777 18,777 75,110 93,887 18,777 93,887 37,555 MWD01 112,664 103,276 150,219 600,876 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,692 14,692 29,384 44,077 14,692 14,692 44,077 14,692 73,461 MWD00 514,228 205,691 176,307 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MWD99 69,354 138,709 277,417 416,127 277,417 277,417 693,545 346,772 554,835 Sample identification 20,251,510 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 UPH99 76,471 76,471 458,828 688,242 229,414 114,707 382,357 2,867,678 2,752,971 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,976 4,976 SF01 19,906 19,906 44,788 29,858 19,906 144,315 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,155 8,206 8,206 SF00 43,082 14,361 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SF99 421,638 210,819 843,277 2,002,783 1,159,505 7 1 1 1 1 7 1 4 1 1 2 6 8 4 2 1 2 1 1 2 7 2 1 1 4 1 1 2 4 3 6 8 10 10 with an samples Number of occurrence Grunow Scientific name Benthic algae taxa and their densities from depositional-targeted habitat samples collected four sites in the Santa Ana Ri ver Basin, California, 1999−2001.—
Grunow Nitzschia amphibia Nitzschia Nitzschia fonticola Grunow Nitzschia Hustedt agnita Nitzschia (W. Sm.) Van Heurek Sm.) Van (W. filiformis Nitzschia Nitzschia acicularis (Kützing) Smith Nitzschia Navicula sanctaecrucis Østrup Nitzschia dissipata (Kützing) Grunow Nitzschia (Ehrenberg) Hust. Neidium binodis (Ehrenberg) Kützing Navicula rostellata Nitzschia diserta Hustedt Nitzschia Navicula wildii Lange-Bertalot Kützing Navicula rhynchocephala Nitzschia desertorum Hustedt Nitzschia Navicula veneta Kützing Lange-Bertalot Navicula recens Nitzschia communis Rabenhorst Nitzschia Navicula trivialis Lange-Bertalot Navicula perminuta Grunow Nitzschia clausii Hantzsch Nitzschia Hantzsch ex Cl. and intermedia Hantzsch ex Nitzschia (O. F. Müll.) Bory Navicula tripunctata (O. F. Navicula minima Grunow cf. bacillum LAIRD Hustedt Nitzschia Nitzschia inconspicua Grunow Nitzschia Navicula tenelloides Hustedt Navicula longicephala Hustedt Nitzschia capitellata Hustedt Nitzschia Nitzschia fruticosa Hustedt Nitzschia Navicula symmetrica Patrick (Agardh) Ehrenberg Navicula lanceolata (Agardh) Lange-Bertalot archibaldii Nitzschia Nitzschia frustulum (Kützing) Grunow Nitzschia Navicula subminuscula Manguin Donkin Navicula gregaria Appendix 4. Continued per square centimeter] are number of individuals [Values 46 Variability in Lotic Communities, Three Contrasting Stream Environments, Santa Ana River Basin, Calif., 1999–2001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,335 3,335 13,339 PRD01 200,082 166,735 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 52,023 52,023 PRD00 208,092 1,196,527 4,838,130 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 201,653 201,653 604,961 201,653 201,653 201,653 201,653 PRD99 1,814,885 1,008,269 11,292,623 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,389 9,389 9,389 46,943 18,777 18,777 18,777 18,777 37,555 MWD01 572,710 431,880 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,692 58,769 MWD00 1,145,993 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MWD99 138,709 416,127 138,709 138,709 138,709 Sample identification 12,067,681 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 UPH99 420,592 2,829,443 3,250,035 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SF01 29,858 34,835 144,315 238,867 129,386 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SF00 12,309 102,575 100,524 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SF99 316,229 210,819 737,867 210,819 12,859,975 1 1 3 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 2 5 2 6 6 2 2 3 1 2 1 1 2 1 3 1 1 with an samples Number of occurrence Scientific name Benthic algae taxa and their densities from depositional-targeted habitat samples collected four sites in the Santa Ana Ri ver Basin, California, 1999−2001.—
Grunow Bertalot Kützing) Lange-Bertalot Lange-Bertalot Bukhtiyarova Lange-Bertalot Lange-Bertalot and Metzeltin Hantzsch ex Rabenhorst Hantzsch ex recta Nitzschia (Krasske) Lange-Bertalot Nupela lapidosa (Krasske) Nitzschia pusilla Grunow Nitzschia Nitzschia umbonata Lange-Bertalot Nitzschia (Grunow) Peragallo perminuta (Grunow) Nitzschia Grunow in Cleve and in Cleve tubicola Grunow Nitzschia (Ehrenberg) Compere (Ehrenberg) laevis Pleurosira Grunow in Van Heurek in Van paleacea Grunow Nitzschia Nitzschia thermalis Kützing Nitzschia (Østrup) Lange- Planothidium rostratum Lange-Bertalot supralitorea Nitzschia (Brébisson ex Planothidium lanceolatum (Brébisson ex Nitzschia solita Hustedt Nitzschia (Lange-Bertalot) Planothidium frequentissimum Nitzschia palea (Kützing) Smith Nitzschia Nitzschia sociabilis Hustedt Nitzschia Planothidium delicatulum (Kützing) Round and Grunow microcephala Nitzschia (Grunow) (Grunow) delognei sinuata var. Nitzschia Lange-Bertalot Planothidium daui (Foged) (Agardh ex W. Sm.) W. Sm. Sm.) W. W. ex linearis (Agardh Nitzschia (Nitzschia) W. Sm. sigmoidea (Nitzschia) W. Nitzschia Witkowski, (Grunow) protracta Parlibellus Nitzschia liebethruthii Rabenhorst Nitzschia (Kütz.) W. Sm. sigma (Kütz.) W. Nitzschia olsenii M Moller Opephora Nitzschia lacuum Lange-Bertalot Nitzschia Appendix 4. Continued per square centimeter] are number of individuals [Values Appendixes 47 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,335 3,335 3,335 13,339 56,690 10,004 PRD01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 52,023 PRD00 104,046 260,115 104,046 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 302,480 201,653 201,653 201,653 403,308 705,788 PRD99 1,209,924 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,389 9,389 18,777 75,110 MWD01 150,219 234,717 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,692 88,153 58,769 88,153 MWD00 102,846 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MWD99 208,063 762,899 277,417 485,481 Sample identification 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 UPH99 38,236 76,471 76,471 76,471 879,421 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SF01 79,622 79,622 39,811 19,906 29,858 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,206 6,155 4,103 SF00 10,258 20,515 12,309 18,464 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SF99 210,819 737,867 210,819 210,819 210,819 210,819 421,638 1,370,325 1,054,096 2 6 2 1 2 1 2 6 2 1 5 2 1 2 2 3 1 1 2 1 9 1 3 with an samples Number of occurrence (Ehrenberg) Williams and Williams (Ehrenberg) Scientific name Benthic algae taxa and their densities from depositional-targeted habitat samples collected four sites in the Santa Ana Ri ver Basin, California, 1999−2001.—
Bertalot Bukhtiyarova Round Bertalot Williams and Round Williams Stoermer Hamilton Heurek) Williams and Round Heurek) Williams Kingston Bukhtiyarova et Round Bukhtiyarova Round Bukhtiyarova and Round Bukhtiyarova and Round Kramm. and Lange- brebissonii Surirella Sellaphora pupula (Kütz.) Meresckowsky Sellaphora Surirella angusta Kützing Surirella (Ehrenberg) Mann bacillum (Ehrenberg) Sellaphora Grunow Stephanodiscus hantzschii (Grunow) Round and Rossithidium pusillum (Grunow) (Ehrenberg) Williams and Williams pinnata (Ehrenberg) Staurosirella (Agardh) Lange- (Agardh) Rhoicosphenia abbreviata (Ehrenberg) (Ehrenberg) leptostauron Staurosirella (C. A. Agardh) Snoeijs (C. A. Agardh) tabulata Tabularia (Greg.) Kociolek and Kociolek Reimeria sinuata (Greg.) (Ehrenberg) venter (Ehrenberg) construens var. Staurosira Østr. contracta ulna var. Synedra (Grunow in Van in Van (Grunow brevistriata Pseudostaurosira (Grunow) pumila (Grunow) construens var. Staurosira Synedra ulna (Nitzschia) Ehrenberg Synedra Psammothidium subatomoides (Hustedt) Staurosira construens Staurosira (W. Sm.) Hust. (W. parasitica Synedra Psammothidium helveticum (Hustedt) (Grunow) Mann seminulum (Grunow) Sellaphora Greg. tenera Surirella (Germ.) Bukhtiyarova (Germ.) Bukhtiyarova Psammothidium bioretii Appendix 4. Continued per square centimeter] are number of individuals [Values 48 Variability in Lotic Communities, Three Contrasting Stream Environments, Santa Ana River Basin, Calif., 1999–2001 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,669 3,335 36,682 PRD01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PRD00 156,069 0 0 0 0 0 0 201,653 PRD99 3,813,633 11,440,899 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 28,166 MWD01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 44,077 29,384 MWD00 0 0 0 0 0 MWD99 713,360 138,709 Sample identification 29,961,139 12,127,128 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 UPH99 596,314 78,713,503 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SF01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SF00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SF99 18,623,803 42,011,835 1 2 2 3 1 1 6 1 1 with an samples Number of occurrence Scientific name Benthic algae taxa and their densities from depositional-targeted habitat samples collected four sites in the Santa Ana Ri ver Basin, California, 1999−2001.—
(no sheath) Hasle Trachelomonas hispida (Perty) Stein Trachelomonas Euglenophyta Euglena sp. Unknown Cyanophyte Oscillatoriales (sheath) Cyanophyte Unknown Unknown Cyanophyte Oscillatoriales Cyanophyte Unknown Cyanophyta (blue-green algae) (blue-green Cyanophyta Nostoc commune Vaucher (Grunow) Mann calida (Grunow) Tryblionella Tryblionella apiculata Greg. Tryblionella (Grunow) Fryxell and Fryxell (Grunow) weissflogii Thalassiosira sp. 1 NAWQA DW SANA DW sp. 1 NAWQA Thalassiosira Appendix 4. Continued per square centimeter] are number of individuals [Values Appendixes 49 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.880 45.5 39 36.4 11 45 89 39 100.0 100.0 PRD01 420,596 420,596 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1 0.0 0.0 7 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48.0 42 32.0 35 82 42 0.900 100.0 100.0 PRD00 1,910,223 1,910,223 2.2 4.7 2.2 0.2 2.2 2 2.3 1 0.9 1 1 1 58.3 45 20.8 35.0 10 93.2 34 59.3 99 41 0.827 3,958 15,831 87,073 PRD99 649,088 1,856,234 1,100,284 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.3 3 3.8 3.2 2 1.6 1 0 0 0 0 36.8 32 36.8 12 93.5 48 94.7 86 29 0.892 5,100 2,125 135,579 128,354 MWD01 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.8 2 4.0 8 1 2.9 1 0 0 0 0 0.873 55.6 26 27.8 23.9 96.0 33 73.3 73 24 MWD00 572,669 4,772,243 19,995,700 14,650,788 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.1 3 6.5 9 2 7.2 2 0 0 0 0 0.877 47.1 33 41.2 41.2 93.5 33 51.7 71 29 Sample identification MWD99 223,230 1,282,141 3,113,772 1,608,401 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.9 6 0.0 3 0.0 0 4.5 0 0 0 0 0 0.180 56.0 38 12.0 95.5 12 92.1 36 72 35 UPH99 4,297,562 90,717,772 95,015,334 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60.0 34 25.0 11 45 61 34 0.923 100.0 100.0 SF01 109,269 109,269 3 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26 36 59 26 68.8 0.681 100.0 100.0 24,906 24,906 SF00 , number of individuals per square centimeter] , number of individuals 3.2 0.0 0.0 5 0 0.0 4 0.0 0 5.6 1 0 0 2 , number of individuals per square centimeter] , number of individuals 73.3 31 20.0 20.6 12.9 73.8 19 83.9 50 57 26 0.785 2 6,490 SF99 23,856 85,637 115,983 ) 2 ) 2 ) 2 ) 2 ) 2 ) 2 Metric Benthic algae metrics calculated from qualitative multihabitat, richest-targeted habitat, and depositional-targeted habitat sam ples collected four sites in Benthic algae metrics calculated from qualitative multihabitat, richest-targeted habitat, and depositional-targeted habitat sam ples collected four sites in the
richness (percent) (percent) Taxon abundance (no./cm abundance Taxon Facultative nitrogen autotrophic diatom Facultative Diatom abundance (no./cm Diatom abundance Taxon richness (no. of taxa) Taxon Nitrogen heterotrophic diatom richness Red algae richness (percent) Red algae Red algae abundance (percent) abundance Red algae Euglenoid algae richness (percent) Euglenoid algae Metrics from richest-targeted habitats (RTH) richest-targeted Metrics from index diversity Simpson’s Euglenoid algae abundance (percent) abundance Euglenoid algae Blue-green algae richness (percent) Blue-green algae Phylum richness (no. of taxa) Phylum Euglenoid algae richness (no. of taxa) Euglenoid algae Blue-green algae abundance (percent) abundance Blue-green algae Green algae richness (percent) Green algae Family richness (no. of taxa) Family Blue-green algae richness (no. of taxa) Blue-green algae Euglenoid algae abundance (no./cm abundance Euglenoid algae Green algae abundance (percent) abundance Green algae Diatom richness (percent) Genus richness (no. of taxa) Green algae richness (no. of taxa) Green algae Red algae abundance (no./cm abundance Red algae Blue-green algae abundance (no./cm abundance Blue-green algae Diatom abundance (percent) Diatom abundance Red algae richness (no. of taxa) Red algae Metrics from qualitative multihabitat (presence/absence) data multihabitat (presence/absence) qualitative Metrics from richness (no. of taxa) Taxon Diatom richness (no. of taxa) Green algae abundance (no./cm abundance Green algae Appendix 5. the Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999−2001.—Continued no., number; no./cm Protection Agency; Environmental [EPA, Appendix 5. Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999−2001. no., number; no./cm Protection Agency; Environmental [EPA, 50 Variability in Lotic Communities, Three Contrasting Stream Environments, Santa Ana River Basin, Calif., 1999–2001 5.6 3.6 3.1 5.6 3.4 0.0 3.7 1.3 0.0 5.6 4.5 50.0 82.1 58.6 74.5 34.5 11.4 25.8 91.3 81.5 51.9 25.0 66.7 87.3 71.9 44.4 PRD01 0.0 3.2 0.0 3.3 2.9 0.0 0.0 8.0 49.2 12.9 12.9 37.9 71.0 13.4 77.4 85.8 19.4 21.3 25.6 84.9 86.7 25.6 36.4 54.5 78.8 62.5 PRD00 0.4 8.8 0.0 0.0 3.1 0.0 2.0 0.0 2.9 0.0 0.0 4.2 40.1 59.5 77.8 65.6 96.0 31.3 26.1 73.2 89.3 31.9 26.7 53.3 76.9 57.1 PRD99 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.0 0.0 3.5 4.8 1.9 0.0 0.0 4.17 79.1 20.9 71.4 61.9 95.3 38.1 11.7 85.0 85.7 62.0 20.0 10.5 70.0 75.1 58.3 MWD01 5.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 1.5 5.3 4.3 0.0 0.0 5.6 76.5 23.5 63.2 78.9 97.1 21.1 15.2 86.8 89.5 45.2 33.3 58.3 75.4 66.7 MWD00 4.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 73.5 26.5 78.9 70.0 30.0 18.3 80.2 29.6 10.0 80.0 56.7 58.3 100.0 100.0 Sample identification MWD99 0 0.7 3.4 5.8 0.4 3.3 9.0 7.1 0.8 0 0.2 93.6 72.4 86.7 91.9 10.0 25.9 73.3 30.7 78.6 10.3 72.7 32.0 27.3 90.0 24.1 UPH99 0 4.0 0.0 4.2 0.0 4.3 0.0 8.6 0.0 8.0 0 0.0 0.0 91.8 69.6 78.3 65.3 17.4 82.2 44.1 86.4 50.0 10.0 50.0 74.0 39.1 SF01 0 0 1.2 0.0 0.4 0.0 5.3 0.0 5.3 3.5 0.0 7.3 1.3 0.0 0.0 98.3 68.4 89.5 85.1 95.1 73.7 62.5 25.0 37.5 87.6 31.6 SF00 , number of individuals per square centimeter] , number of individuals 0 6.8 0.0 0.5 0.0 5.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 5.0 0 0.0 0.0 6.7 2 92.7 40.0 76.5 90.0 76.5 10.0 94.1 31.7 77.8 66.7 22.2 97.8 SF99 Metric Benthic algae metrics calculated from qualitative multihabitat, richest-targeted habitat, and depositional-targeted habitat sam ples collected four sites in
abundance (percent) abundance (percent) richness (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) richness (percent) Halophobic (fresh-brackish) diatom Seston richness (percent) Motile diatom richness (percent) Halophobic (fresh) diatom abundance Halophobic (fresh) diatom abundance Acidiphilic diatom richness (percent) Halophilic diatom abundance (percent) Halophilic diatom abundance Alkaline diatom richness (percent) Oligotrophic diatom abundance (percent) Oligotrophic diatom abundance Halophobic (fresh-brackish) diatom Eutrotphic diatom abundance (percent) Eutrotphic diatom abundance Halophobic (fresh) diatom richness Nitrogen fixing diatom abundance (percent) diatom abundance Nitrogen fixing Halophilic diatom richness (percent) Obligative nitrogen autotroph abundance nitrogen autotroph abundance Obligative Oligotrophic diatom richness (percent) Facultative nitrogen autotroph abundance nitrogen autotroph abundance Facultative Motile diatom abundance (percent) Motile diatom abundance Eutrophic diatom richness (percent) Nitrogen heterotrophic diatom abundance Nitrogen heterotrophic diatom abundance Seston abundance (percent) Seston abundance Nitrogen fixing diatom richness (percent) Nitrogen fixing EPA intolerant species richness (percent) EPA Acidophilic diatom abundance (percent) Acidophilic diatom abundance Obligative nitrogen autotrophic diatom Obligative EPA tolerant species richness (percent) EPA Appendix 5. the Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999−2001.—Continued no., number; no./cm Protection Agency; Environmental [EPA, Alkalinic diatom abundance (percent) Alkalinic diatom abundance Appendixes 51 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 2.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.942 58 60.0 25.0 75.8 26.1 70.7 58 100.0 100.0 PRD01 2,000,822 2,000,822 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 1.9 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 59.5 24.3 68.3 19.8 79.1 45 0.878 100.0 100.0 PRD00 15,606,876 15,606,876 0.0 1.6 0.0 1.6 1.6 4.0 3.3 0 1 1.8 2 0 1 62 45.7 28.6 71.9 12.0 96.7 20.4 19.0 72.4 81.0 58 0.934 PRD99 3,813,633 15,254,532 11,440,899 95,340,782 64,831,718 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.7 0.0 0 0 1.7 0 0 0 0 0 0 59 52.9 29.4 59.5 95.9 59 0.952 100.0 100.0 MWD01 5,633,214 5,633,214 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.6 0.0 2.4 0.0 1.3 0 0 1.5 1 0 0 0 0 0.897 42 55.6 29.6 77.0 10.1 86.0 41 100.0 100.0 58,965 MWD00 4,451,935 4,392,970 0.0 2.6 0.0 5.1 1.1 0.8 2.6 0.8 0.8 0 1 1.4 1 0 2 0.794 39 45.0 25.0 70.9 47.6 89.7 94.1 50.8 35 Sample identification MWD99 713,360 713,360 42,088,267 88,456,683 44,941,696 0.0 2.5 0.0 2.5 3.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0 1.6 1 1 3.0 0 0 0 0.456 40 54.2 29.2 27.8 73.3 95.0 98.4 26.1 38 UPH99 596,314 78,713,503 107,336,588 28,026,771 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 2.6 0 0 0 0 0 42 68.2 13.6 31.0 84.4 15.6 42 0.928 100.0 100.0 SF01 2,985,835 2,985,835 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8 0.0 0.0 6.7 0.0 0.0 2.9 28 28 47.1 23.5 77.4 22.6 0.874 100.0 100.0 SF00 1,230,904 1,230,904 , number of individuals per square centimeter] , number of individuals 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.3 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 2 0 2.7 0 0 0 0 2 38 63.2 15.8 27.8 48.8 94.7 57.2 41.9 51.2 36 0.831 SF99 124,303,047 63,667,409 60,635,638 ) 2 ) 2 ) 2 ) 2 ) 2 ) 2 Metric Benthic algae metrics calculated from qualitative multihabitat, richest-targeted habitat, and depositional-targeted habitat sam ples collected four sites in
richness (percent) (percent) Taxon abundance (no./cm abundance Taxon Diatom abundance (no./cm Diatom abundance Taxon richness (no. of taxa) Taxon Facultative nitrogen autotrophic diatom Facultative Red algae richness (percent) Red algae Nitrogen heterotrophic diatom richness Euglenoid algae richness (percent) Euglenoid algae Metrics from depositional-targeted habitats (DTH) depositional-targeted Metrics from index diversity Simpson’s Red algae abundance (percent) abundance Red algae Blue-green algae richness (percent) Blue-green algae Pollution tolerance index Euglenoid algae abundance (percent) abundance Euglenoid algae Green algae richness (percent) Green algae Siltation index Blue-green algae abundance (percent) abundance Blue-green algae Diatom richness (percent) EPA intolerant diatom abundance (percent) intolerant diatom abundance EPA Green algae abundance (percent) abundance Green algae Red algae richness (no. of taxa) Red algae EPA tolerant diatom abundance (percent) tolerant diatom abundance EPA Blue-green algae richness (no. of taxa) Blue-green algae Diatom abundance (percent) Diatom abundance Euglenoid algae richness (no. of taxa) Euglenoid algae Bahl’s tolerance index based on abundance tolerance index Bahl’s Green algae richness (no. of taxa) Green algae Blue-green algae abundance (no./cm abundance Blue-green algae Euglenoid algae abundance (no./cm abundance Euglenoid algae Appendix 5. the Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999−2001.—Continued no., number; no./cm Protection Agency; Environmental [EPA, Red algae abundance (no./cm abundance Red algae Diatom richness (no. of taxa) Green algae abundance (no./cm abundance Green algae 52 Variability in Lotic Communities, Three Contrasting Stream Environments, Santa Ana River Basin, Calif., 1999–2001 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 9.5 0.0 9.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 30.2 78.7 68.7 39.2 43.5 58.9 69.8 80.4 58.7 41.3 88.9 29.4 52.9 62.0 PRD01 0.0 2.5 5.0 0.0 8.1 0.7 1.1 0.0 1.5 6.8 0.0 15.0 77.5 62.5 35.0 85.0 21.4 50.0 70.0 19.4 88.5 81.0 36.7 19.5 48.6 79.9 PRD00 0.0 2.3 0.0 0.0 5.7 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 14.9 75.6 75.0 22.7 92.9 15.8 63.2 59.6 28.9 99.0 66.2 20.4 34.0 38.3 65.7 70.8 PRD99 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 0.0 2.9 0.0 0.4 0.0 1.4 0.0 0.0 70.0 61.0 36.6 87.5 23.8 57.1 70.5 71.8 28.0 88.1 65.9 41.2 36.5 54.5 MWD01 0.0 0.4 0.0 3.2 1.7 0.0 2.9 0.0 0.0 3.3 0.0 7.4 62.4 37.6 99.1 73.4 28.0 31.2 48.5 73.3 64.5 35.5 93.3 31.3 56.3 61.8 MWD00 5.5 7.0 0.0 0.0 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.0 0.0 0.0 87.4 96.2 89.9 14.2 11.5 65.3 75.0 72.0 24.0 78.3 23.1 15.0 53.8 73.1 Sample identification MWD99 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.9 0.0 0.0 65.2 20.6 14.3 91.9 19.1 53.6 48.6 32.3 88.1 64.3 82.8 10.3 80.8 46.2 16.7 53.8 42.3 UPH99 3.3 0.0 3.7 4.0 0.0 2.9 4.7 0.6 0.0 0.3 5.8 0.0 65.4 81.5 11.1 68.0 53.8 18.2 38.5 40.0 90.6 47.0 13.1 39.6 81.1 60.4 SF01 0.0 0.0 5.0 0.0 0.0 5.9 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.7 0.0 63.2 80.0 10.0 57.9 57.1 29.4 42.9 36.8 89.6 49.0 12.8 29.9 82.5 69.1 SF00 , number of individuals per square centimeter] , number of individuals 4.1 0.5 0.0 8.6 0.0 8.6 0.5 0.0 5.0 4.8 0.0 2 79.9 15.2 72.9 25.6 82.8 88.5 40.9 65.0 69.6 13.0 13.0 57.1 44.4 21.1 55.6 SF99 Metric Benthic algae metrics calculated from qualitative multihabitat, richest-targeted habitat, and depositional-targeted habitat sam ples collected four sites in
abundance (percent) abundance (percent) richness (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) richness (percent) Motile diatom richness (percent) Halophobic (fresh-brackish) diatom Seston richness (percent) Halophobic (fresh) diatom abundance Acidiphilic diatom richness (percent) Halophilic diatom abundance (percent) Halophilic diatom abundance Alkaline diatom richness (percent) Oligotrophic diatom abundance (percent) Oligotrophic diatom abundance Halophobic (fresh-brackish) diatom Eutrotphic diatom abundance (percent) Eutrotphic diatom abundance Halophobic (fresh) diatom richness Nitrogen fixing diatom abundance (percent) diatom abundance Nitrogen fixing Halophilic diatom richness (percent) Obligative nitrogen autotroph abundance nitrogen autotroph abundance Obligative Oligotrophic diatom richness (percent) Motile diatom abundance (percent) Motile diatom abundance Facultative nitrogen autotroph abundance nitrogen autotroph abundance Facultative Eutrophic diatom richness (percent) Seston abundance (percent) Seston abundance Nitrogen heterotrophic diatom abundance Nitrogen heterotrophic diatom abundance Nitrogen fixing diatom richness (percent) Nitrogen fixing Acidophilic diatom abundance (percent) Acidophilic diatom abundance EPA intolerant species richness (percent) EPA Obligative nitrogen autotrophic diatom Obligative (percent) Alkalinic diatom abundance EPA tolerant species richness (percent) EPA Appendix 5. the Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999−2001.—Continued no., number; no./cm Protection Agency; Environmental [EPA, Appendixes 53 1.8 1.67 55.7 11.0 86.4 PRD01 7.4 1.6 1.50 74.3 85.9 PRD00 6.6 1.7 1.48 64.7 88.6 PRD99 1.8 1.81 42.3 21.5 68.0 MWD01 6.9 1.6 1.32 56.2 87.6 MWD00 3.0 1.3 1.18 83.6 92.2 Sample identification MWD99 2.1 2.07 43.2 40.1 59.9 UPH99 2.6 2.73 21.7 73.8 24.1 SF01 2.7 2.85 22.5 89.6 10.4 SF00 , number of individuals per square centimeter] , number of individuals 2.4 2 2.04 18.0 15.3 84.7 SF99 Metric Benthic algae metrics calculated from qualitative multihabitat, richest-targeted habitat, and depositional-targeted habitat sam ples collected four sites in
Pollution tolerance index Siltation index EPA intolerant diatom abundance (percent) intolerant diatom abundance EPA EPA tolerant diatom abundance (percent) tolerant diatom abundance EPA Bahl’s tolerance index based on abundance tolerance index Bahl’s Appendix 5. the Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999−2001.—Continued no., number; no./cm Protection Agency; Environmental [EPA, 54 Variability in Lotic Communities, Three Contrasting Stream Environments, Santa Ana River Basin, Calif., 1999–2001 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 30 PRD01 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 22 PRD00 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 28 PRD99 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 36 MWD01 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 39 MWD00 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 42 Sample identification MWD99 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 55 UPH99 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 52 SF01 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 49 SF00 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 57 SF99 3 3 7 8 1 7 4 2 1 6 with an samples Number of occurrence Taxon Macroinvertebrate taxa collected from four sites in the Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999−2001.—Continued Macroinvertebrate taxa collected from four sites in the Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999−2001.
Sphaeriidae Pisidiinae Pisidium sp. Bivalvia Veneroida Corbiculidae Corbicula sp. Mollusca Gastropoda Basomamatophor Physidae Physella sp. Tubificidae Bryozoa Tubificida Naididae Nematoda Appendix 6. present in the sample] not present in the sample, and a “1” represents taxa was a “0” represents taxa was not sampled in 2000 or 2001. Under Sample identification, [UPH was Annelida Oligochaeta Lumbriculida Lumbriculidae Nemertea Enopla Hoplonemertea Tetrastmmatidae sp. Prostoma Platyhelminthes Turbellaria Total taxa per sample Total Appendix 6. present in the sample] not present in the sample, and a “1” represents taxa was a “0” represents taxa was not sampled in 2000 or 2001. Under Sample identification, [UPH was Appendixes 55 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 PRD01 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 PRD00 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PRD99 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 MWD01 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 MWD00 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Sample identification MWD99 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 UPH99 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 SF01 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 SF00 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 SF99 3 8 4 8 3 2 3 5 1 2 3 2 2 6 4 with an samples Number of occurrence Taxon Macroinvertebrate taxa collected from four sites in the Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999−2001.—Continued
Callibaetis sp. Baetis sp. Drunella sp. Baetidae Ephemerellidae Caudatella sp. Pisciforma Ameletidae Ameletus sp. Insecta Ephemeroptera Furcatergalia Leptophlebiidae sp. Paraleptophlebia Leptohyphidae sp. Tricorythodes Collembola sp. Serratella Amphipoda Gammaridea Hyalellidae Hyalella sp. sp. Ephemerella Malacostraca Decapoda Pleocyemata Astacidae sp. Pacifastacus Appendix 6. present in the sample] not present in the sample, and a “1” represents taxa was a “0” represents taxa was not sampled in 2000 or 2001. Under Sample identification, [UPH was Arthropoda Arachnida Enchytraeida Enchytraeidae 56 Variability in Lotic Communities, Three Contrasting Stream Environments, Santa Ana River Basin, Calif., 1999–2001 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 PRD01 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 PRD00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 PRD99 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 MWD01 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 MWD00 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 Sample identification MWD99 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 UPH99 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SF01 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 SF00 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 SF99 3 5 2 3 1 3 1 4 3 2 1 7 4 2 4 with an samples Number of occurrence Taxon Macroinvertebrate taxa collected from four sites in the Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999−2001.—Continued
Peltoperlidae Peltoperlinae Systellognatha Chloroperlidae Chloroperlinae Suwallia sp. Odonata Zygoptera Coenagrionidae Hetaerina sp. Nemourinae Zapada sp. sp. Rhithrogena Plecoptera Euholognatha Nemouridae Amphinemurinae Malenka sp. sp. Ironodes Libellulidae sp. Paltothemis Epeorus sp. sp. Progomphus Setisura Heptageniidae Cinygmula sp. Anisoptera Gomphidae sp. Fallceon Appendix 6. present in the sample] not present in the sample, and a “1” represents taxa was a “0” represents taxa was not sampled in 2000 or 2001. Under Sample identification, [UPH was sp. Argia Diphetor sp. Camelobaetidius sp. Appendixes 57 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PRD01 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PRD00 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PRD99 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 MWD01 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 MWD00 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Sample identification MWD99 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 UPH99 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 SF01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 SF00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 SF99 3 1 1 1 2 5 2 2 1 3 4 1 4 3 with an samples Number of occurrence Taxon Macroinvertebrate taxa collected from four sites in the Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999−2001.—Continued
Gerridae Hydroptilidae sp. Trichocorixa Agapetinae Agapetus sp. sp. Sigara Trichoptera Spicipalpia Glossosomatidae Corixidae Corixinae Corixini Corisella sp. Rhagoveliinae sp. Rhagovelia Hemiptera Heteroptera Belostomatidae Veliidae Microveliinae sp. Microvelia Perlodidae Hebridae Hebrinae sp. Merragata sp. Hesperoperla Appendix 6. present in the sample] not present in the sample, and a “1” represents taxa was a “0” represents taxa was not sampled in 2000 or 2001. Under Sample identification, [UPH was Gerrinae Perlidae Acroneuriinae Acroneuriini Calineuria sp. sp. Yoraperla 58 Variability in Lotic Communities, Three Contrasting Stream Environments, Santa Ana River Basin, Calif., 1999–2001 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 PRD01 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 PRD00 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 PRD99 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 MWD01 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 MWD00 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Sample identification MWD99 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 UPH99 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 SF01 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 SF00 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 SF99 1 1 8 2 3 4 3 2 3 1 4 1 7 with an samples Number of occurrence Taxon Macroinvertebrate taxa collected from four sites in the Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999−2001.—Continued
Polycentropodidae Polycentropodinae sp. Polycentropus Limnephilidae Dicosmoecinae sp. Cryptochia sp. Hydropsyche Lepidostomatidae Lepidostomatinae Lepidostoma sp. Hydropsychinae sp. Ceratopsyche Brachycentridae sp. Micrasema Hydropsychidae Arctopsychinae sp. Parapsyche Integripalpia Apataniidae Apatania sp. Annulipalpia Philopotamidae Philopotaminae Dolophilodes sp. Psychomyiidae Psychomyiinae sp. Tinodes Rhyacophilidae Rhyacophila sp. Appendix 6. present in the sample] not present in the sample, and a “1” represents taxa was a “0” represents taxa was not sampled in 2000 or 2001. Under Sample identification, [UPH was sp. Oxyethira Hydroptilinae sp. Hydroptila Appendixes 59 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PRD01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PRD00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PRD99 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MWD01 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 MWD00 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 Sample identification MWD99 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 UPH99 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 SF01 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 SF00 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 SF99 2 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 with an samples Number of occurrence Taxon Macroinvertebrate taxa collected from four sites in the Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999−2001.—Continued
Hydroporini Laccobius sp. Dytiscidae Hydroporinae Bidessini Liodessus sp. sp. Enochrus Adephaga Amphizoidae Amphizoa sp. Hydrophilidae Ametor sp. Coleoptera Myxophaga Hydroscaphidae sp. Hydroscapha Polyphaga Staphylinidae Lepidoptera Pyralidae Nymphulinae Argyactini sp. Petrophila Haliplidae sp. Peltodytes Helicopsychidae sp. Helicopsyche Appendix 6. present in the sample] not present in the sample, and a “1” represents taxa was a “0” represents taxa was not sampled in 2000 or 2001. Under Sample identification, [UPH was Uenoidae Thremmatinae Neophylax sp. Limnephilinae sp. Psychoglypha 60 Variability in Lotic Communities, Three Contrasting Stream Environments, Santa Ana River Basin, Calif., 1999–2001 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PRD01 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PRD00 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 PRD99 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 MWD01 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 MWD00 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Sample identification MWD99 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 UPH99 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 SF01 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 SF00 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 SF99 1 1 7 2 1 3 6 1 6 3 1 3 2 1 6 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 4 1 3 with an samples Number of occurrence Taxon Macroinvertebrate taxa collected from four sites in the Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999−2001.—Continued
Nilothauma sp. sp. Microtendipes sp. Rheotanytarsus Endotribelos sp. Diptera Nematocera Ceratopogonidae Tanytarsini sp. Micropsectra sp. Dicrotendipes Psephenidae Psephenus sp. Pseudochironomini sp. Pseudochironomus sp. Cryptochironomus sp. Zaitzevia Saetheria sp. Chironomidae Chironominae Chironomini sp. Chironomus Optioservus sp. sp. Polypedilum Dasyheleinae Dasyhelea sp. sp. Microcylloepus sp. Phaenopsectra sp. Probezzia Elmidae sp. Paratendipes Ceratopogoninae sp. Postelichus Appendix 6. present in the sample] not present in the sample, and a “1” represents taxa was a “0” represents taxa was not sampled in 2000 or 2001. Under Sample identification, [UPH was Dryopidae sp. Helichus sp. Tropisternus Appendixes 61 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 PRD01 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 PRD00 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 PRD99 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 MWD01 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 MWD00 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 Sample identification MWD99 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 UPH99 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 SF01 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 SF00 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 SF99 1 1 2 8 2 1 1 2 7 3 1 1 1 3 1 1 2 1 3 3 3 1 1 7 2 5 1 4 3 with an samples Number of occurrence sp. Taxon Macroinvertebrate taxa collected from four sites in the Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999−2001.—Continued
sp. Paramerina Labrundinia sp. Synorthocladius sp. Ablabesmyia sp. Rheocricotopus sp. Pentaneurini sp. Paraphaenocladius Eukiefferiella sp. Macropelopia sp. Parametriocnemus Cricotopus sp. Tanypodinae Macropelopiini Brundiniella sp. Orthocladius sp. sp. Corynoneura sp. Prodiamesa Nanocladius sp. Chaetocladius sp. Prodiamesinae Odontomesa sp. Limnophyes sp. sp. Cardiocladius Tvetenia sp. Heleniella sp. Tanypodini Orthocladiinae Brillia sp. Thienemanniella sp. Euryhapsis sp. sp. Pentaneura Pseudodiamesa sp. Appendix 6. present in the sample] not present in the sample, and a “1” represents taxa was a “0” represents taxa was not sampled in 2000 or 2001. Under Sample identification, [UPH was Diamesinae Diamesini sp. Pagastia sp. Tanytarsus 62 Variability in Lotic Communities, Three Contrasting Stream Environments, Santa Ana River Basin, Calif., 1999–2001 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 PRD01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 PRD00 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PRD99 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 MWD01 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 MWD00 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Sample identification MWD99 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 UPH99 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 SF01 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 SF00 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 SF99 4 4 2 3 1 2 7 1 3 7 1 2 1 1 3 2 1 2 2 with an samples Number of occurrence sp. Taxon Macroinvertebrate taxa collected from four sites in the Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999−2001.—Continued
Tabanidae Tabanus Euparyphus sp. Stratiomyidae Stratiomyinae Caloparyphus sp. Tipulidae Limoniinae sp. Dicranota Pelecorhynchidae Glutops sp. Thaumaleidae Ephydridae Simulium sp. Neoplasta sp. sp. Prosimulium sp. Hemerodromia Simuliidae Hemerodromiinae Maruina sp. Brachycera Empididae Clinocerinae Psychodidae Limonia sp. Appendix 6. present in the sample] not present in the sample, and a “1” represents taxa was a “0” represents taxa was not sampled in 2000 or 2001. Under Sample identification, [UPH was Dixidae Dixa sp. sp. Tanypus Appendixes 63 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 15 32 162 PRD01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 41 10 103 PRD00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 14 14 14 15 19 136 PRD99 − 2001.—Continued 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 42 42 29 123 242 MWD01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 22 510 408 MWD00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 35 35 27 233 330 MWD99 Sample identification 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 47 601 UPH99 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 55 36 387 148 SF01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 22 34 33 11 381 123 SF00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 13 33 224 SF99 1 2 1 1 1 3 6 1 4 4 5 7 1 Number of samples with an occurrence Taxon Macroinvertebrate taxa from richest-targeted habitat samples collected four sites in the Santa Ana River Basin, Californi a, 1999 Macroinvertebrate taxa from richest-targeted habitat samples collected four sites in the Santa Ana River Basin, Californi a, 1999−2001.
.
. Sphaeriidae Bivalvia Veneroida Corbiculidae Corbicula sp. Basomamatophor Physidae Physella sp. Mollusca Gastropoda Bryozoa Nematoda Arthropoda Arachnida Nemertea Enopla Hoplonemertea Tetrastmmatidae sp. Prostoma Enchytraeida Enchytraeidae Platyhelminthes Turbellaria Tubificidae Total taxa per sample Total Tubificida Naididae Annelida Oligochaeta Lumbriculida Lumbriculidae Appendix 7 not sampled in 2000 or 2001] UPH was per square meter. are number of individuals [Values Appendix 7 not sampled in 2000 or 2001] UPH was per square meter. are number of individuals [Values 64 Variability in Lotic Communities, Three Contrasting Stream Environments, Santa Ana River Basin, Calif., 1999–2001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 56 170 PRD01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 40 PRD00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 PRD99 − 2001.—Continued 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 84 42 162 MWD01 1,297 1,293 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 213 799 736 1,224 MWD00 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 893 MWD99 1,491 1,588 Sample identification 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 33 30 23 691 117 227 166 UPH99 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 46 46 92 129 SF01 1,898 1,382 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 11 14 34 11 11 493 122 SF00 1,041 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 26 13 739 186 882 SF99 1,061 7 3 1 3 4 3 2 3 1 4 4 2 3 5 1 1 3 1 Number of samples with an occurrence Taxon Macroinvertebrate taxa from richest-targeted habitat samples collected four sites in the Santa Ana River Basin, Californi a, 1999
. Baetis sp. sp. Argia Pisciforma Baetidae Odonata Zygoptera Coenagrionidae Hetaerina sp. Leptohyphidae sp. Tricorythodes sp. Rhithrogena sp. Serratella sp. Ironodes sp. Ephemerella Epeorus sp. Drunella sp. Setisura Heptageniidae Cinygmula sp. Ephemerellidae Caudatella sp. sp. Fallceon Insecta Ephemeroptera Furcatergalia Leptophlebiidae sp. Paraleptophlebia Diphetor sp. Plecoptera Euholognatha Nemouridae Nemourinae Camelobaetidius sp. Appendix 7 not sampled in 2000 or 2001] UPH was per square meter. are number of individuals [Values Anisoptera Appendixes 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 32 PRD01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 202 PRD00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 67 PRD99 − 2001.—Continued 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MWD01 1,820 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 53 53 MWD00 6,695 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MWD99 1,522 Sample identification 0 0 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 29 346 UPH99 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 37 18 258 SF01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 11 34 56 190 SF00 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 11 11 45 24 45 SF99 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 1 7 2 1 1 Number of samples with an occurrence Taxon Macroinvertebrate taxa from richest-targeted habitat samples collected four sites in the Santa Ana River Basin, Californi a, 1999
. Veliidae Rhagoveliinae sp. Rhagovelia Hemiptera Heteroptera Hebridae Hebrinae sp. Merragata Perlodidae sp. Hesperoperla Perlidae Acroneuriinae Acroneuriini Calineuria sp. Peltoperlidae Peltoperlinae sp. Yoraperla Rhyacophilidae Rhyacophila sp. Systellognatha Chloroperlidae Chloroperlinae Suwallia sp. Hydroptilidae Hydroptilinae sp. Hydroptila Zapada sp. Agapetinae Agapetus sp. Trichoptera Spicipalpia Glossosomatidae Appendix 7 not sampled in 2000 or 2001] UPH was per square meter. are number of individuals [Values 66 Variability in Lotic Communities, Three Contrasting Stream Environments, Santa Ana River Basin, Calif., 1999–2001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,838 PRD01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,798 PRD00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,878 PRD99 − 2001.—Continued 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MWD01 1,138 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MWD00 1,535 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MWD99 1,654 Sample identification 0 0 1 0 26 53 23 46 164 138 UPH99 1,873 0 0 0 9 0 0 2 0 166 398 258 SF01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 325 SF00 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 13 67 132 SF99 2 1 1 8 2 2 1 2 2 1 4 Number of samples with an occurrence Taxon Macroinvertebrate taxa from richest-targeted habitat samples collected four sites in the Santa Ana River Basin, Californi a, 1999
. Brachycentridae sp. Micrasema Integripalpia Apataniidae Apatania sp. Psychomyiidae Psychomyiinae sp. Tinodes Polycentropodidae Polycentropodinae sp. Polycentropus sp. Hydropsyche Hydropsychinae sp. Ceratopsyche Lepidoptera Pyralidae Nymphulinae Hydropsychidae Arctopsychinae sp. Parapsyche Helicopsychidae sp. Helicopsyche Annulipalpia Philopotamidae Philopotaminae Dolophilodes sp. Uenoidae Thremmatinae Neophylax sp. Lepidostomatidae Lepidostomatinae Lepidostoma sp. Appendix 7 not sampled in 2000 or 2001] UPH was per square meter. are number of individuals [Values Appendixes 67 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PRD01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PRD00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 PRD99 − 2001.—Continued 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 81 42 42 42 42 123 365 MWD01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 57 53 110 331 MWD00 0 0 6 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 35 66 136 MWD99 Sample identification 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 46 23 24 70 47 UPH99 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 37 SF01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 SF00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SF99 1 1 2 4 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 Number of samples with an occurrence sp. Taxon Macroinvertebrate taxa from richest-targeted habitat samples collected four sites in the Santa Ana River Basin, Californi a, 1999
. Microtendipes Elmidae Endotribelos sp. sp. Postelichus sp. Dicrotendipes Dryopidae sp. Helichus Chironomidae Chironominae Chironomini sp. Chironomus sp. Tropisternus Dasyheleinae Dasyhelea sp. Laccobius sp. Ceratopogoninae Polyphaga Hydrophilidae sp. Enochrus Diptera Nematocera Ceratopogonidae Coleoptera Myxophaga Hydroscaphidae sp. Hydroscapha Psephenidae Psephenus sp. Argyactini sp. Petrophila Saetheria sp. sp. Zaitzevia Nilothauma sp. Optioservus sp. Appendix 7 not sampled in 2000 or 2001] UPH was per square meter. are number of individuals [Values 68 Variability in Lotic Communities, Three Contrasting Stream Environments, Santa Ana River Basin, Calif., 1999–2001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 34 32 34 34 240 206 PRD01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 42 21 1,005 PRD00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 28 24 15 94 15 30 15 706 PRD99 − 2001.—Continued 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 84 450 356 246 MWD01 2,280 1,216 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 893 306 128 220 257 MWD00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51 583 101 236 101 MWD99 Sample identification 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 82 55 24 23 47 117 783 658 217 UPH99 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 18 66 55 88 44 18 66 55 18 44 22 221 498 SF01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 78 11 11 11 57 217 114 103 SF00 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 33 77 13 22 13 11 13 11 142 SF99 1 7 1 5 1 5 1 1 2 3 3 3 5 4 1 1 6 2 2 3 1 2 6 2 1 1 5 Number of samples with an occurrence Taxon Macroinvertebrate taxa from richest-targeted habitat samples collected four sites in the Santa Ana River Basin, Californi a, 1999
. Ablabesmyia sp. Cricotopus sp. Thaumaleidae Pentaneurini Chaetocladius sp. Simulium sp. Tanypodinae Macropelopiini Brundiniella sp. sp. Cardiocladius sp. Prosimulium Tvetenia sp. Orthocladiinae Brillia sp. Simuliidae Rheocricotopus sp. Diamesinae Diamesini sp. Pagastia Maruina sp. sp. Paraphaenocladius sp. Rheotanytarsus Psychodidae sp. Parametriocnemus Tanytarsini sp. Micropsectra Dixidae Dixa sp. Nanocladius sp. Pseudochironomini sp. Pseudochironomus sp. Pentaneura Heleniella sp. sp. Paramerina sp. Eukiefferiella Appendix 7 not sampled in 2000 or 2001] UPH was per square meter. are number of individuals [Values Appendixes 69 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 32 PRD01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 81 PRD00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 107 PRD99 − 2001.—Continued 0 0 0 0 177 619 135 323 MWD01 0 0 0 0 0 0 563 257 MWD00 0 0 0 0 35 465 563 101 MWD99 Sample identification 0 0 0 0 0 0 47 184 UPH99 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 SF01 0 0 0 0 0 0 34 11 SF00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 34 SF99 2 4 1 1 7 1 2 1 Number of samples with an occurrence Taxon Macroinvertebrate taxa from richest-targeted habitat samples collected four sites in the Santa Ana River Basin, Californi a, 1999
. Euparyphus sp. Stratiomyidae Stratiomyinae Caloparyphus sp. Pelecorhynchidae Glutops sp. Neoplasta sp. sp. Hemerodromia Brachycera Empididae Hemerodromiinae Limonia sp. Tipulidae Limoniinae sp. Dicranota Appendix 7 not sampled in 2000 or 2001] UPH was per square meter. are number of individuals [Values 70 Variability in Lotic Communities, Three Contrasting Stream Environments, Santa Ana River Basin, Calif., 1999–2001 3 3 1 6.0 0 2 2 6 0.0 5 8 6.7 0.5 3 0 3 3 1 1 3.3 1 6.7 1 30 10.0 16.7 13 43.3 11 36.7 10.0 PRD01 − 2001 — 2 2 2 6.1 0 1 9.1 2 4 0.0 4 5 9.1 0.4 1 0 2 3 1 0 9.1 0 4.5 1 − 2001. 22 18.2 11 50.0 10 45.5 13.6 PRD00 2 3 2 6.0 0 3 2 5 0.0 5 8 7.1 0.5 0 1 2 3 1 1 7.1 1 0 28 10.7 17.9 13 46.4 10 35.7 10.7 10.7 PRD99 2 5 1 5.9 0 6 2 6 0.0 7 5.6 0.7 3 2 2 2 1 5.6 0 2.8 0 0 36 13.9 12 19.4 16 44.4 10 27.8 16.7 MWD01 1 4 0 5.8 0 6 3 6 0.0 7 7.7 0.9 3 3 8 4 2 1 5.1 1 0.0 1 1 39 10.3 12 17.9 14 35.9 20.5 15.4 MWD00 3 3 1 6.1 0 5 7.0 3 8 0.0 6 7.0 0.5 3 8 1 4 1 9.3 0 2.3 0 0 43 13 14.0 16 37.2 11 25.6 11.6 MWD99 Sample identification . UPH was not sampled in 2000 or 2001 ] . UPH was 8 2 4.4 2 6 3 3.6 9 1.8 1 7 1 3 1 5.5 0 3.6 0 0 2 55 14.5 11 21 20.0 38.2 18 32.7 12 21.8 10.9 UPH99 8 1 3.7 5 9 9 5 9.6 1.7 0 2 1 7 0 1 1.9 0 0 2 52 15.4 22 14 17.3 42.3 22 42.3 13 25.0 13.5 17.3 SF01 3.9 4 6 6 5 8.2 1.3 0 2 1 5 0 1 1 2.0 0 0 2 49 10 20.4 20 11 12.2 40.8 21 42.9 15 30.6 10.2 12.2 SF00 , number of individuals per square meter , number of individuals 2 , number of individuals per square meter. UPH was not sampled in 2000 or 2001] UPH was per square meter. , number of individuals 2 3.7 7 8 7 5 1.5 0 1 1 0 2 1 3.5 0 0 2 57 11 19.3 12.3 25 13 12.3 43.9 25 43.9 17 29.8 12 21.1 14.0 SF99 (no. of taxa) of (no. Metric Macroinvertebrate metrics calculated from qualitative and richest-targeted samples four sites in the Santa Ana River Basi n, California, 1999 Macroinvertebrate metrics calculated from qualitative and richest-targeted samples four sites in the Santa Ana River Basi n, California, 1999
.
. Metrics from qualitative (presence/absence) data (presence/absence) qualitative Metrics from richness (no. of taxa) Taxon Ephemeroptera richness (no. of taxa) Appendix 8 no., number; no./m sum of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera; [EPT, Continued. Average EPA tolerance (richness-weighted) EPA Average Plecoptera richness (no. of taxa) Nonchironomid dipteran richness (no. of taxa) Ephemeroptera richness (percent) Trichoptera richness (no. of taxa) Trichoptera Noninsect richness (no. of taxa) Plecoptera richness (percent) EPT richness (no. of taxa) Nonmidge dipterans and noninsect richness noninsect and dipterans Nonmidge Trichoptera richness (percent) Trichoptera EPT/Chironmid richness (no. of taxa) Odonate richness (no. of taxa) EPT richness (percent) Diptera richness (no. of taxa) Coleoptera richness (no. of taxa) Diptera richness (percent) Chironomid richness (no. of taxa) Mollusc and crustacean richness (no. of taxa) Chironomid richness (percent) Orthoclad richness (no. of taxa) Gastropod richness (no. of taxa) Orthoclad richness (percent) Tanytarsinii richness (no. of taxa) Tanytarsinii Bivalve richness (no. of taxa) Bivalve Tanytarsini richness (percent) Tanytarsini Corbicula richness (no. of taxa) Nonmidge dipteran richness (percent) Amphipod richness (no. of taxa) Oligochaete richness (no. of taxa) Appendix 8 no., number; no./m sum of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera; [EPT, Appendixes 71 4 7.4 9 7.4 0.0 0 0 2 3.3 0 3.3 2 2 3.3 2 4 3.3 1.5 7 0.0 0.0 20.0 37.0 26.7 10.0 15 10.0 10 14.8 10.0 33.3 PRD01 − 2001 — 3 4.5 7 5.0 0.0 0 9.1 0 2 4.5 7 0 0.0 2 2 0.0 1 4 4.5 2.3 9.1 4 0.0 0.0 18.2 35.0 22.7 10.0 10 15.0 35.0 PRD00 5 7.7 0.0 7.7 3.6 0 7.1 0 1 3.6 7 0 3.6 2 2 3.6 2 3 0.0 2.4 7.1 0.0 0.0 17.9 28.6 10 19 19.2 38.5 10 26.9 PRD99 3 5.9 8.3 5.9 5.6 1 5.6 0 4 2.8 0 0.0 2 2 0.0 2 6 0.0 8.8 2.3 5.6 2.9 0.0 16.7 33.3 16 29 10 47.1 15 29.4 MWD01 3 7.7 8.6 7.7 1 0 3 2.6 0 2.6 4 2 2.6 3 5 2.6 8.6 0.8 2.6 2.9 0.0 15.4 30.8 11.4 12 22 10.3 12 34.3 10 34.3 MWD00 3 5.1 7.0 0 2.3 0 3 2.3 0 0.0 2 2 0.0 5 5 0.0 7.7 1.3 7.0 0.0 0.0 18.6 30.2 15 12.8 18.6 27 14 38.5 11 35.9 MWD99 Sample identification . UPH was not sampled in 2000 or 2001 ] . UPH was 5.5 7 1.8 9.6 0 1.8 1 6 1.8 2 0.0 0.0 5 0.0 0.4 3.6 0.0 1.9 16.4 21.2 17 12.7 40 11 11 10 18 13.5 32.7 13 21.2 UPH99 9.6 5 0.0 8.3 3.8 1 1.9 1 6 0.0 2 1.9 6 7 0.0 4 0.0 0.7 3.8 2.1 2.1 26.9 12.5 19 36 12 15 10.4 39.6 16 25.0 SF01 4 8.7 0.0 8.7 4.1 0 2.0 1 9 0.0 4 2.0 4 3 0.0 4 0.0 8.7 0.7 4.1 0.0 2.2 10.2 22.4 19 33 14 16 41.3 12 30.4 SF00 , number of individuals per square meter , number of individuals 2 8.8 0.0 7.5 1.8 0 1.8 1 8 0.0 5 1.8 6 6 0.0 4 0.0 0.8 3.5 6 0.0 1.9 22.8 11.3 24 33 12 19 11.3 45.3 11 22.6 SF99 Metric Macroinvertebrate metrics calculated from qualitative and richest-targeted samples four sites in the Santa Ana River Basi n, California, 1999
. Noninsect richness (percent) Nonmidge dipterans and noninsect richness (percent) Appendix 8 no., number; no./m sum of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera; [EPT, Continued. Scraper richness (percent) Odonate richness (percent) Gatherer richness (no. of taxa) Shredder richness (percent) Coleoptera richness (percent) Omnivore richness (no. of taxa) Omnivore Metrics from richest-targeted habitats (RTH) richest-targeted Metrics from richness (no. of taxa) Taxon Mollusc and crustacean richness (percent) Parasite richness (no. of taxa) Parasite Ephemeroptera richness (no. of taxa) Gastropod richness (percent) Predator richness (no. of taxa) Plecoptera richness (no. of taxa) Bivalve richness (percent) Bivalve Scraper richness (no. of taxa) Trichoptera richness (no. of taxa) Trichoptera Corbicula richness (percent) Shredder richness (no. of taxa) EPT richness (no. of taxa) Amphipod richness (percent) Filterer richness (percent) EPT/Chironmid richness (no. of taxa) Oligochaete richness (percent) Gatherer richness (percent) Diptera richness (no. of taxa) Filterer richness (no. of taxa) Omnivore richness (percent) Omnivore Parasite richness (percent) Parasite Predator richness (percent) 72 Variability in Lotic Communities, Three Contrasting Stream Environments, Santa Ana River Basin, Calif., 1999–2001 5 3 1 1 1 2 0 0.0 4 3 0.0 6 6.7 0 0.0 0.0 0 6.7 1 6.7 0 0.0 6.7 13.3 26.7 40.0 13.3 13.3 26.7 46.7 33.3 20.0 PRD01 − 2001 — 3 1 0 1 0 1 0 0.0 2 2 0.0 3 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 20.0 20.0 40.0 40.0 30.0 10.0 10.0 PRD00 8 3 1 1 1 2 0 0.0 5 2 0.0 7 5.3 0 0.0 5.3 0 5.3 2 5.3 1 0.0 5.3 10.5 26.3 36.8 10.5 10.5 15.8 52.6 42.1 15.8 PRD99 9 2 0 1 0 6 0 6.9 4 2 6.9 0.0 2 0.0 0.0 2 6.9 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 6.9 3.4 20.7 13.8 34.5 10 13.8 20.7 51.7 31.0 MWD01 7 2 0 9.1 0 0 3 0 9.1 2 1 0.0 5 0.0 2 0.0 0.0 0 9.1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 9.1 0.0 13.6 22.7 13.6 22.7 45.5 31.8 MWD00 6 2 0 0 0 5 0 7.4 5 2 0.0 2 0.0 0.0 4 7.4 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 7.4 0.0 18.5 18.5 37.0 14.8 10 11.1 18.5 40.7 22.2 MWD99 Sample identification . UPH was not sampled in 2000 or 2001 ] . UPH was 8 3 0 5.0 1 0 5 0 2.5 2 1 7 2.5 1 5.0 2.5 5 0.0 1 0.0 1 0.0 7.5 2.5 12.5 17.5 12.5 15.0 25.0 45.0 32.5 20.0 UPH99 6 0 8.3 1 0 6 0 0.0 3 2 2.8 9 0.0 0 5.6 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2.8 10 25.0 16.7 19.4 41.7 44.4 27.8 16.7 16.7 SF01 7 4 1 1 0 5 0 0.0 4 1 0.0 9 3.0 0 0.0 0 9.1 3.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 3.0 12.1 27.3 27.3 12.1 48.5 36.4 21.2 12.1 15.2 SF00 , number of individuals per square meter , number of individuals 2 8 5 6.1 2 0 3 0 0.0 2 1 0.0 5 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 6.1 9.1 15.2 24.2 15.2 18.2 57.6 33.3 24.2 15.2 SF99 Metric Macroinvertebrate metrics calculated from qualitative and richest-targeted samples four sites in the Santa Ana River Basi n, California, 1999
. Chironomid richness (no. of taxa) Orthoclad richness (no. of taxa) Appendix 8 no., number; no./m sum of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera; [EPT, Continued. Noninsect richness (percent) Tanytarsinii richness (no. of taxa) Tanytarsinii Corbicula richness (no. of taxa) Nonmidge dipterans and noninsect richness (percent) Nonchironomid dipteran richness (no. of taxa) Amphipod richness (no. of taxa) Odonate richness (percent) Noninsect richness (no. of taxa) Oligochaete richness (no. of taxa) Coleoptera richness (percent) Nonmidge dipterans and noninsect richness (no. of taxa) of (no. richness noninsect and dipterans Nonmidge Ephemeroptera richness (percent) Mollusc and crustacean richness (percent) Odonate richness (no. of taxa) Plecoptera richness (percent) Gastropod richness (percent) Coleoptera richness (no. of taxa) Trichoptera richness (percent) Trichoptera Bivalve richness (percent) Bivalve Mollusc and crustacean richness (no. of taxa) EPT richness (percent) Corbicula richness (percent) Gastropod richness (no. of taxa) Diptera richness (percent) Amphipod richness (percent) Bivalve richness (no. of taxa) Bivalve Chironomid richness (percent) Orthoclad richness (percent) Tanytarsini richness (percent) Tanytarsini Nonmidge dipteran richness (percent) Appendixes 73 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 2 0 6 5 2 2 1 2 20.0 64 13 90 92 274 547 240 611 261 258 226 867 PRD01 9,870 10,967 10,095 − 2001 — 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 2 20.0 42 81 60 19 79 80 18 17 16 143 143 694 PRD00 1,005 6,351 5,060 1,067 5,000 1,148 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 3 5 10.5 18 15 14 18 14 32 70 70 25 22 20 915 824 196 135 150 305 PRD99 4,218 2,958 2,945 1,050 6.9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 46 84 24 22 23 45 51 37 20 14 246 450 285 MWD01 5,794 4,793 2,959 6,539 2,635 1,746 2,836 1,732 12,913 4.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 7 0 7 6 18 53 71 20 13 222 918 408 325 MWD00 1,996 8,230 3,123 1,020 1,127 2,760 15,413 10,989 7.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 6 0 6 41 38 31 69 23 10 13 634 667 110 365 224 MWD99 7,148 1,006 3,176 2,406 1,399 3,972 Sample identification 10,371 . UPH was not sampled in 2000 or 2001 ] . UPH was 2.5 0 0 0 6 8 0 5 9 9 23 98 47 18 38 56 33 18 15 658 601 353 648 331 601 UPH99 7,091 3,967 1,247 2,699 2,331 1,084 1,262 5.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 1 5 8 55 18 17 54 13 72 19 14 SF01 958 888 331 536 314 331 149 6,694 4,795 1,289 3,594 2,196 3.0 0 0 0 0 0 7 9 2 4 11 57 11 13 47 12 66 18 14 15 SF00 538 448 683 343 549 269 146 123 3,718 2,464 1,747 2,045 , number of individuals per square meter , number of individuals 2 3.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 6 8 7 1 2 6 22 68 13 20 75 84 10 302 238 370 258 237 113 SF99 3,897 3,278 2,927 2,066 ) 2 ) 2 ) 2 ) 2 ) ) ) 2 2 ) ) 2 ) ) 2 ) 2 ) ) 2 ) 2 2 2 2 2 ) ) 2 2 ) 2 ) Metric 2 ) 2 Macroinvertebrate metrics calculated from qualitative and richest-targeted samples four sites in the Santa Ana River Basi n, California, 1999
. Oligochaete richness (percent) Taxon abundance (no./m abundance Taxon Appendix 8 no., number; no./m sum of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera; [EPT, (percent) Nonmidge dipterans and noninsect abundance Continued. Tanytarsini abundance (no./m abundance Tanytarsini Ephemeroptera abundance (no./m Ephemeroptera abundance Orthoclad abundance (no./m Orthoclad abundance (no./m Corbicula abundance (no./m Oligochaete abundance Dipteran abundance (no./m Dipteran abundance Nonmidge dipteran abundance (no./m Nonmidge dipteran abundance (no./m Coleoptera abundance (no./m abundance Bivalve (no./m Amphipod abundance EPT abundance (no./m EPT abundance (no./m Chironomid abundance (no./m Nonmidge dipterans and noninsect abundance Trichoptera abundance (no./m abundance Trichoptera Noninsect abundance (no./m Noninsect abundance (no./m Mollusc and crustacean abundance Ephemeroptera abundance (percent) Ephemeroptera abundance Plecoptera abundance (no./m Plecoptera abundance Odonate abundance (no./m Odonate abundance (no./m Gastropod abundance Plecoptera abundance (percent) Plecoptera abundance Trichoptera abundance (percent) abundance Trichoptera EPT abundance (percent) EPT abundance Dipteran abundance (percent) Dipteran abundance Chironomid abundance (percent) Chironomid abundance Orthoclad abundance (percent) Orthoclad abundance Tanytarsini abundance (percent) abundance Tanytarsini Nonmidge dipteran abundance (percent) Nonmidge dipteran abundance Noninsect abundance (percent) Noninsect abundance 74 Variability in Lotic Communities, Three Contrasting Stream Environments, Santa Ana River Basin, Calif., 1999–2001 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0.19 7.1 0 4 7.1 0 6 0 0 2 0 5.8 2 4.2 1 1 89.7 91.9 14.3 28.6 42.9 496 PRD01 10,112 − 2001 — 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0.40 0 2 0 4 0 0 2 0 5.7 1 4.5 1 1 75.6 91.4 11.1 11.1 11.1 22.2 44.4 204 PRD00 4,840 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0 0.50 0 4 5.6 0 8 0 0 4 0 5.7 3 4.6 2 1 68.2 85.0 16.7 11.1 22.2 44.4 327 PRD99 2,939 0 0 0.0 1 0.0 0 0 0.91 3.7 0 3 7.4 0 0 0 2 0 5.9 6 5.5 1 2 17.7 31.7 22.2 15 11.1 55.6 MWD01 1,834 4,891 1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0.78 0 2 5.3 0 8 0 0 3 0 5.5 6 5.3 2 1 43.4 53.4 31.6 10.5 10.5 42.1 MWD00 1,841 3,721 0 0 0.0 1 0.0 0 0 0.89 4.2 0 2 0 0 0 4 0 6.1 8 5.0 1 3 8.3 16.0 31.3 33.3 12.5 10 41.7 MWD99 1,890 4,266 Sample identification . UPH was not sampled in 2000 or 2001 ] . UPH was 0 0 1 0.0 8 8 0.89 0 6 0 0 0 1 0 3.9 7 4.8 4 0.0 26.4 37.5 17.9 25.6 10.3 12 10 15.4 30.8 UPH99 3,462 1,654 0 0 2.9 0 0 0.86 0 3 8.8 0 0 1 2 1 3.8 6 2.8 6 3 8.8 2.9 18 28.4 49.0 17.6 17.6 14 41.2 SF01 488 3,071 0 0 0 3.2 0 0 0.87 0 3 6.5 0 0 0 3 1 3.7 2.5 4 2 9.7 0.0 41.2 32.3 12.9 11 10 28.0 35.5 SF00 414 1,277 , number of individuals per square meter , number of individuals 2 0 0 0 3.2 0 0 0.83 0 5 9.7 0 0 0 0 1 3.3 5 2.2 6 3 0.0 49.9 16.1 19.4 11 27.2 16.1 35.5 245 SF99 2,110 ) 2 ) 2 ) 2 Metric Macroinvertebrate metrics calculated from qualitative and richest-targeted samples four sites in the Santa Ana River Basi n, California, 1999
. Odonate abundance (percent) Odonate abundance Coleoptera abundance (percent) Coleoptera abundance Appendix 8 no., number; no./m sum of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera; [EPT, Continued. Parasite richness (percent) Parasite Gatherer abundance (no./m Gatherer abundance Omnivore abundance (no./m abundance Omnivore Mollusc and crustacean abundance (percent) Mollusc and crustacean abundance Percentage of two most abundant taxon most abundant Percentage of two Predator richness (percent) Gastropod abundance (percent) Gastropod abundance Simpson’s diversity Simpson’s Scraper richness (percent) Bivalve abundance (percent) abundance Bivalve Filterer richness (no. of taxa) Shredder richness (percent) Corbicula abundance (percent) Corbicula abundance Gatherer richness (no. of taxa) Filterer abundance (no./m Filterer abundance Amphipod abundance (percent) Amphipod abundance Omnivore richness (no. of taxa) Omnivore Oligochaete abundance (percent) Oligochaete abundance Parasite richness (no. of taxa) Parasite Average EPA tolerance (richness-weighted) EPA Average Predator richness (no. of taxa) Average EPA tolerance (abundance-weighted) EPA Average Scraper richness (no. of taxa) Percentage of most abundant taxon Percentage of most abundant Shredder richness (no. of taxa) Filterer richness (percent) Gatherer richness (percent) Omnivore richness (percent) Omnivore Appendixes 75 0.3 0 1.9 4.5 0.0 0.0 0.6 66 32 92.7 206 PRD01 − 2001 — 3.2 0 3.2 0.0 0.0 1.3 81 15.9 76.4 202 PRD00 1,005 1.9 0 7.8 0.0 0.0 3.6 81 16.8 69.9 151 706 PRD99 0 0.0 0.0 3.0 15.8 22.6 16.0 42.5 349 MWD01 2,603 1,820 0 6.4 0.0 0.0 6.0 48.0 13.1 26.5 843 893 MWD00 6,748 0 7.5 0.0 0.0 8.8 20.6 46.5 16.6 812 690 MWD99 1,522 Sample identification . UPH was not sampled in 2000 or 2001 ] . UPH was 0 1.5 0.0 0.0 4.3 48.8 23.3 22.0 302 108 UPH99 1,562 5.7 7.8 0.3 0.9 5.9 55 49.1 30.2 SF01 358 370 1,891 6.1 0.0 0.7 2.0 22 67 12.5 38.4 40.4 SF00 202 1,344 , number of individuals per square meter , number of individuals 2 2.8 6.7 0.0 0.3 6.6 11 57.5 26.2 962 102 241 SF99 ) ) 2 ) 2 ) 2 2 Metric Macroinvertebrate metrics calculated from qualitative and richest-targeted samples four sites in the Santa Ana River Basi n, California, 1999
. Parasite abundance (no./m abundance Parasite Appendix 8 no., number; no./m sum of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera; [EPT, Continued. Shredder abundance (percent) Shredder abundance Scraper abundance (no./m Scraper abundance (percent) Filterer abundance Predator abundance (no./m Predator abundance (no./m Shredder abundance Gatherer abundance (percent) Gatherer abundance Omnivore abundance (percent) abundance Omnivore Parasite abundance (percent) abundance Parasite Predator abundance (percent) Predator abundance Scraper abundance (percent) Scraper abundance 76 Variability in Lotic Communities, Three Contrasting Stream Environments, Santa Ana River Basin, Calif., 1999–2001 na na na na — (mm) Range 46−80 23 − 58 17−54 23−53 45−55 47−60 36−75 22−65 36−126 56−252 75−233 35−178 41−120 36−100 40−140 69−230 90−292 97−302 80−261 45−125 46−210 34−181 36−178 37−112 41−117 23−130 81−550 162−190 163−282 125−226 total length 79 60 59 55 79 72 43 37 84 40 71 50 79 53 98 49 45 92 100 134 160 158 165 168 121 155 118 125 101 340 214 258 237 157 173 (mm) Mean total length na na na na — (mm) Range length 39−66 30−94 20 − 43 13−44 18−44 38−46 34−92 40−50 30−64 19−55 30−110 48−210 62−194 29−166 35−105 34−115 49−195 75−244 79−255 65−218 36−113 38−175 29−155 30−153 35−175 19−105 66−450 standard 130−225 101−185 138−160 85 68 52 50 46 65 62 35 97 13 71 33 59 42 85 63 44 79 41 37 77 111 131 134 140 139 105 129 104 280 173 215 193 126 147 (mm) Mean length standard na na na na — (g) 52−90 0.5−23 4.2−99 0.9−26 0.5−14 0.8−31 1.3−40 1.1−81 0.7−73 0.6−68 1.4−32 0.2−46 1.0−5.9 0.1 − 1.9 0.2−2.0 0.1−2.3 0.9−1.4 1.2−2.4 0.4−5.6 32−167 0.5−3.0 30−178 1.5−151 0.5−805 3.1−127 8.0−251 8.2−241 5.9−176 1.1−112 7.9−1,933 Range weight — (g) 3.9 2.3 2.8 8.9 1.0 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.7 1.6 1.0 13.9 43.3 42.8 23.1 49.4 72.7 64.9 26.0 46.1 14.3 21.9 24.8 12.6 10.2 21.9 16.7 23.0 85.2 60.8 14.0 66.3 257.0 280.3 Mean weight 5.9 7.1 0.2 1.6 0.5 3.7 0.5 1.1 0.3 2.5 4.4 3.8 0.9 0.5 5.8 0.5 1.2 89.9 85.5 24.7 10.8 19.0 47.2 10.1 14.5 65.7 28.5 19.3 33.9 23.4 13.4 38.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 Relative (percent) abundance − 2001 in the Santa Ana River Basin, California. 1 3 1 2 2 1 5 7 6 1 3 8 46 11 41 72 93 14 86 27 21 53 14 38 63 46 28 86 37 240 124 114 249 120 Number 246 collected Common name Rainbow trout Rainbow trout Rainbow chub Arroyo Santa Ana sucker chub Arroyo Santa Ana sucker chub Arroyo Santa Ana sucker Brown trout Brown trout Brown trout Brown Prickly sculpin Brown trout Brown Green sunfish Western mosquitofish Western bass Largemouth Brown trout Brown Western mosquitofish Western Yellow bullhead Yellow mosquitofish Western Yellow bullhead Yellow Fathead minnow Fathead bullhead Yellow Mozambique tilapia Common carp minnow Fathead Bluegill Fathead minnow Fathead Channel catfish Common carp Common carp Fathead minnow Fathead Goldfish Green sunfish Largemouth bass Largemouth 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Scientific name Data from fish collected four sites during the summers 1999−2001 in Santa Ana River Basin, California.—Continued Data from fish collected four sites during the summers 1999 Gila orcutti Salmo trutta Salmo trutta Salmo trutta Cottus asper Gila orcutti Salmo trutta Lepomis cyanellus Catostomus santaanae Catostomus santaanae affinis Gambusia Catostomus santaanae salmoides Micropterus Salmo trutta Oncorhynchus mykiss Oncorhynchus mykiss Oncorhynchus Gambusia affinis Gambusia Ameiurus natalis affinis Gambusia Ameiurus natalis Pimephales promelas Ameiurus natalis Tilapia mossambica Tilapia Cyprinus carpio Pimephales promelas Lepomis macrochirus Pimephales promelas Ictalurus punctatus Cyprinus carpio Gila orcutti Cyprinus carpio Pimephales promelas Carassius auratus Carassius Lepomis cyanellus Micropterus salmoides Micropterus
. . 1 1 1 Sample identification MWD01 Appendix 9 young of the year; — , no data] not sampled in 2001. g, gram; mm, millimeter; na, applicable; YOY, UPH was of sample identification. [See table 1 for explanation UPH00 MWD99 SF00 SF99 SF01 UPH99 PRD99 MWD00 Appendix 9 young of the year; — , no data] not sampled in 2001. g, gram; mm, millimeter; na, applicable; YOY, UPH was of sample identification. [See table 1 for explanation Appendixes 77 na na (mm) Range 21−48 32−72 28−46 35−71 41−62 33−48 40−57 36−45 45−52 41−145 60−460 31−124 42−200 60−420 38−265 55−330 29−123 69−213 46−205 105−260 total length 33 50 40 83 55 50 81 88 49 41 48 110 310 276 116 135 188 158 124 119 140 (mm) YOY Mean total length na na (mm) Range length 19−39 20−60 22−38 25−99 30−59 34−51 32−46 30−36 37−42 32−120 48−355 32−173 49−320 80−200 28−108 31−205 48−270 25−100 56−170 40−175 standard 27 88 41 33 66 46 40 67 71 39 96 33 39 255 215 101 107 146 122 102 119 (mm) YOY Mean length standard na na (g) 1.5−81 0.6−38 0.6−48 0.3−36 0.1−1.5 0.6−4.5 0.3−1.3 0.6−3.8 17−266 0.6−2.6 0.9−4.6 0.4−1.6 1.3−2.6 1.5−100 3.2−928 0.6−254 2.6−500 4.3−143 1.9−103 2.8−1,182 Range weight (g) 0.5 2.1 0.9 1.9 1.2 2.8 1.1 1.8 53.2 16.6 32.8 80.4 14.8 78.9 62.4 17.1 38.9 54.3 YOY 228.0 376.4 127.6 Mean weight 0.2 1.6 1.9 0.6 1.7 2.6 9.2 7.1 4.3 1.1 1.1 3.3 0.5 3.8 27.3 32.8 21.4 19.8 11.3 12.6 42.5 28.6 Relative (percent) abundance 1 3 1 2 7 6 3 7 12 39 11 17 36 71 23 52 58 13 27 172 211 Number 268 collected Common name Santa Ana sucker Western mosquitofish Western Bluegill Yellow bullhead Yellow Channel catfish Western mosquitofish Western Common carp Bluegill Yellow bullhead Yellow Fathead minnow Fathead Common carp Goldfish Fathead minnow Fathead Green sunfish Goldfish Largemouth bass Largemouth Green sunfish Sailfin molly Sailfin Largemouth bass Largemouth Western mosquitofish Western Sailfin molly Sailfin Yellow bullhead Yellow 2 Scientific name Data from fish collected four sites during the summers 1999−2001 in Santa Ana River Basin, California.—Continued Gambusia affinis Gambusia Lepomis macrochirus Ameiurus natalis Ictalurus punctatus Gambusia affinis Gambusia Cyprinus carpio Lepomis macrochirus Ameiurus natalis Pimephales promelas Cyprinus carpio Carassius auratus Carassius Pimephales promelas Lepomis cyanellus Carassius auratus Carassius Micropterus salmoides Micropterus Lepomis cyanellus Poecilia latipinna Poecilia Micropterus salmoides Micropterus Gambusia affinis Gambusia Poecilia latipinna Poecilia Ameiurus natalis Catostomus santaanae
. Sample Fish data from one pass instead of two passes using a backpack electrofisher. Fish data from one pass instead of two species. Native 1 2 identification Appendix 9 young of the year; — , no data] not sampled in 2001. g, gram; mm, millimeter; na, applicable; YOY, UPH was of sample identification. [See table 1 for explanation PRD01 PRD00 Manuscript approved for publication, July 17, 2008 Prepared by the USGS Publishing Network, Publishing Service Center, Sacramento, California Susan Davis Phil Contreras
For more information concerning the research in this report, contact the California Water Science Center Director, U.S. Geological Survey, 6000 J Street Sacramento, California 95619 http://ca.water.usgs.gov Burton, C. - Variability in Lotic Communities Three Contrasting Stream Environments the Santa Ana River Basin, California, 1999–2001 - Scientific Investigations Report 2008–5217
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