Epaltes Divaricata L
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Southwest Guangdong, 28 April to 7 May 1998
Report of Rapid Biodiversity Assessments at Qixingkeng Nature Reserve, Southwest Guangdong, 29 April to 1 May and 24 November to 1 December, 1998 Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden in collaboration with Guangdong Provincial Forestry Department South China Institute of Botany South China Agricultural University South China Normal University Xinyang Teachers’ College January 2002 South China Biodiversity Survey Report Series: No. 4 (Online Simplified Version) Report of Rapid Biodiversity Assessments at Qixingkeng Nature Reserve, Southwest Guangdong, 29 April to 1 May and 24 November to 1 December, 1998 Editors John R. Fellowes, Michael W.N. Lau, Billy C.H. Hau, Ng Sai-Chit and Bosco P.L. Chan Contributors Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden: Bosco P.L. Chan (BC) Lawrence K.C. Chau (LC) John R. Fellowes (JRF) Billy C.H. Hau (BH) Michael W.N. Lau (ML) Lee Kwok Shing (LKS) Ng Sai-Chit (NSC) Graham T. Reels (GTR) Gloria L.P. Siu (GS) South China Institute of Botany: Chen Binghui (CBH) Deng Yunfei (DYF) Wang Ruijiang (WRJ) South China Agricultural University: Xiao Mianyuan (XMY) South China Normal University: Chen Xianglin (CXL) Li Zhenchang (LZC) Xinyang Teachers’ College: Li Hongjing (LHJ) Voluntary consultants: Guillaume de Rougemont (GDR) Keith Wilson (KW) Background The present report details the findings of two field trips in Southwest Guangdong by members of Kadoorie Farm & Botanic Garden (KFBG) in Hong Kong and their colleagues, as part of KFBG's South China Biodiversity Conservation Programme. The overall aim of the programme is to minimise the loss of forest biodiversity in the region, and the emphasis in the first three years is on gathering up-to-date information on the distribution and status of fauna and flora. -
27April12acquatic Plants
International Plant Protection Convention Protecting the world’s plant resources from pests 01 2012 ENG Aquatic plants their uses and risks Implementation Review and Support System Support and Review Implementation A review of the global status of aquatic plants Aquatic plants their uses and risks A review of the global status of aquatic plants Ryan M. Wersal, Ph.D. & John D. Madsen, Ph.D. i The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of speciic companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.All rights reserved. FAO encourages reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Non-commercial uses will be authorized free of charge, upon request. Reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes, including educational purposes, may incur fees. Applications for permission to reproduce or disseminate FAO copyright materials, and all queries concerning rights and licences, should be addressed by e-mail to [email protected] or to the Chief, Publishing Policy and Support Branch, Ofice of Knowledge Exchange, -
Standardization of the Plant Epaltes Pygmaea DC. (Asteraceae)
K. Amala et al. / Journal of Pharmacy Research 2016,10(10),674-682 Research Article Available online through ISSN: 0974-6943 http://jprsolutions.info Standardization of the plant Epaltes pygmaea DC. (Asteraceae) K. Amala*1 , R. Ilavarasan2, S. Amerjothy3 1,2Captain Srinivasa Murti Regional Ayurveda Drug Development Institute (CCRAS), Anna Hospital Campus, Arumbakkam, Chennai –600 106, India. 2Department of Plant Biology & Plant Biotechnology, Presidency College, Chennai. India. Received on:17-09-2016; Revised on: 22-10-2016; Accepted on: 03-11-2016 ABSTRACT Background: To establish the pharmacognostic parameters using pharmacopoeial standards for correct identity of whole plant of Epaltes pygmaea DC. (Asteraceae). Methods: In pharmacognostic studies different types of evaluations were carried out that focus on taxonomy of the species, macro- and microscopic characters, physico-chemical parameters, fluorescence analysis, preliminary phytochemical screening and HPTLC finger print compared with marker compound stigmosterol. Results and discussion: The taxonomically it is a small annual herb, 8 to 20 cm high, minutely winged branched stem with aromatic roots, leaves are alternate, linear, lanceolate to oblong, flower pink, solitary, terminal, heterogamous. Microscopically the plant showed the presence of bi or tri-radiate wings of the stem, leaves microscopy indicated the presence of anisocytic type of stomata, thin walled with small spindle shaped cells of leaf epidermis, powder microscopy showed vessel elements with short tail, vertical chain of elongated parenchyma cells with prominent simple pits, large, spherical and spiny pollen grains. Plant extracts showed the presence of flavonoids, steroids, phenols, tannin and sugars. The standard marker stigmosterol detected with Rf 0.54 in alcohol extract has been confirmed by TLC/HPTLC finger print. -
1 Chapter 1: Introduction
Introduction 1 1 Chapter 1: Introduction Little is known about the vegetation dynamics of ephemeral wetlands and floodplains and the role of the seed bank in these systems (with the exception of Brock and Rogers (1998) and Capon (2003; 2005)). The majority of our knowledge of wetland and floodplain ecosystems is focussed on well-watered temperate northern hemisphere systems and tropical systems (e.g. van der Valk 1981; Leck and Simpson 1987; Junk et al. 1989). In Australia, the majority of the research into wetlands and floodplains has been undertaken on seasonal wetlands (e.g. Britton and Brock 1994; Casanova and Brock 1999b; Nicol et al. 2003), rivers with seasonal flow regimes (e.g. Pettit and Froend 2001a; 2001b; Pettit et al. 2001) and the impact of altered flow regimes in the River Murray system (e.g. Walker et al. 1994; Nielsen and Chick 1997). This study provides an insight into the vegetation dynamics of a regulated ephemeral system (the Menindee Lakes) and the role of the seed bank plays in that system. 1.1 The Seed Bank The seed bank is defined as the reserves of viable seed present in and on the soil surface (Roberts 1981) and associated litter (Simpson et al. 1989), capable of replacing adult plants (Baker 1989). The size of the seed bank, the contribution made to it by the different species and patterns of seed distribution reflect the seed production mainly by the resident plant community; although, inputs of seed from distant sources may also contribute (Simpson et al. 1989). In addition, the seed bank contains not only seeds from the preceding year but may contain seeds from many previous years (Roberts 1981); especially species that form long-term persistent seed banks (Thompson and Grime 1979). -
Everywhere but Antarctica: Using a Super Tree to Understand the Diversity and Distribution of the Compositae
BS 55 343 Everywhere but Antarctica: Using a super tree to understand the diversity and distribution of the Compositae VICKI A. FUNK, RANDALL J. BAYER, STERLING KEELEY, RAYMUND CHAN, LINDA WATSON, BIRGIT GEMEINHOLZER, EDWARD SCHILLING, JOSE L. PANERO, BRUCE G. BALDWIN, NURIA GARCIA-JACAS, ALFONSO SUSANNA AND ROBERT K. JANSEN FUNK, VA., BAYER, R.J., KEELEY, S., CHAN, R., WATSON, L, GEMEINHOLZER, B., SCHILLING, E., PANERO, J.L., BALDWIN, B.G., GARCIA-JACAS, N., SUSANNA, A. &JANSEN, R.K 2005. Everywhere but Antarctica: Using a supertree to understand the diversity and distribution of the Compositae. Biol. Skr. 55: 343-374. ISSN 0366-3612. ISBN 87-7304-304-4. One of every 10 flowering plant species is in the family Compositae. With ca. 24,000-30,000 species in 1600-1700 genera and a distribution that is global except for Antarctica, it is the most diverse of all plant families. Although clearly mouophyletic, there is a great deal of diversity among the members: habit varies from annual and perennial herbs to shrubs, vines, or trees, and species grow in nearly every type of habitat from lowland forests to the high alpine fell fields, though they are most common in open areas. Some are well-known weeds, but most species have restricted distributions, and members of this family are often important components of 'at risk' habitats as in the Cape Floral Kingdom or the Hawaiian Islands. The sub-familial classification and ideas about major patterns of evolution and diversification within the family remained largely unchanged from Beutham through Cronquist. Recently obtained data, both morphologi- cal and molecular, have allowed us to examine the distribution and evolution of the family in a way that was never before possible. -
Genetic Diversity and Evolution in Lactuca L. (Asteraceae)
Genetic diversity and evolution in Lactuca L. (Asteraceae) from phylogeny to molecular breeding Zhen Wei Thesis committee Promotor Prof. Dr M.E. Schranz Professor of Biosystematics Wageningen University Other members Prof. Dr P.C. Struik, Wageningen University Dr N. Kilian, Free University of Berlin, Germany Dr R. van Treuren, Wageningen University Dr M.J.W. Jeuken, Wageningen University This research was conducted under the auspices of the Graduate School of Experimental Plant Sciences. Genetic diversity and evolution in Lactuca L. (Asteraceae) from phylogeny to molecular breeding Zhen Wei Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of doctor at Wageningen University by the authority of the Rector Magnificus Prof. Dr A.P.J. Mol, in the presence of the Thesis Committee appointed by the Academic Board to be defended in public on Monday 25 January 2016 at 1.30 p.m. in the Aula. Zhen Wei Genetic diversity and evolution in Lactuca L. (Asteraceae) - from phylogeny to molecular breeding, 210 pages. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, NL (2016) With references, with summary in Dutch and English ISBN 978-94-6257-614-8 Contents Chapter 1 General introduction 7 Chapter 2 Phylogenetic relationships within Lactuca L. (Asteraceae), including African species, based on chloroplast DNA sequence comparisons* 31 Chapter 3 Phylogenetic analysis of Lactuca L. and closely related genera (Asteraceae), using complete chloroplast genomes and nuclear rDNA sequences 99 Chapter 4 A mixed model QTL analysis for salt tolerance in -
Hepatoprotective Evaluation of Epaltes Divaricata (L.) Cass
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ISSN- 0975-1491 Vol 8, Issue 12, 2016 Original Article HEPATOPROTECTIVE EVALUATION OF EPALTES DIVARICATA (L.) CASS. WHOLE PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST PARACETAMOL-INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN RATS K. AMALA1*, R. ILAVARASAN1, R. ARUNADEVI1, S. AMERJOTHY2 1Captain Srinivasa Murti Regional Ayurveda Drug Development Institute (CCRAS), Anna Hospital Campus, Arumbakkam, Chennai 600106, India, 2Departmentof Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology, Presidency College, Chennai, India Email: [email protected] Received: 30 Aug 2016 Revised and Accepted: 18 0ct 2016 ABSTRACT Objective: The plant of Epaltes divaricata (L.) Cass. Traditionally used for jaundice. The present work aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective activity of alcohol and aqueous extract of the whole plant against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats to substantiate its traditional use. Methods: The alcohol and aqueous (200 and 400 mg/kg) extract of Epaltes divaricata prepared by cold maceration were administered orally to the animals with hepatotoxicity induced by paracetamol (1000 mg/kg). Silymarine (40 mg/k) was given as reference standard. Hepatoprotective activity was assessed by estimating marker enzymes and by histopathological studies. Results: Both alcohol and aqueous (200 and 400 mg/kg) extract treatment significantly restored the paracetamol-induced elevations in levels of serum enzymes aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphate (ALP) and total bilirubin in a dose-dependent manner. Histopathological examination revealed that the treatment attenuated the paracetamol-induced damage to the liver. The hepatoprotective effect of both extracts was comparable to that of the standard hepatoprotective agent, silymarin. Conclusion: The alcohol and aqueous extract of E. divaricata exhibited hepatoprotective effect against paracetamol-induced liver damage in rats. -
Anthemideae Christoph Oberprieler, Sven Himmelreich, Mari Källersjö, Joan Vallès, Linda E
Chapter38 Anthemideae Christoph Oberprieler, Sven Himmelreich, Mari Källersjö, Joan Vallès, Linda E. Watson and Robert Vogt HISTORICAL OVERVIEW The circumscription of Anthemideae remained relatively unchanged since the early artifi cial classifi cation systems According to the most recent generic conspectus of Com- of Lessing (1832), Hoff mann (1890–1894), and Bentham pos itae tribe Anthemideae (Oberprieler et al. 2007a), the (1873), and also in more recent ones (e.g., Reitbrecht 1974; tribe consists of 111 genera and ca. 1800 species. The Heywood and Humphries 1977; Bremer and Humphries main concentrations of members of Anthemideae are in 1993), with Cotula and Ursinia being included in the tribe Central Asia, the Mediterranean region, and southern despite extensive debate (Bentham 1873; Robinson and Africa. Members of the tribe are well known as aromatic Brettell 1973; Heywood and Humphries 1977; Jeff rey plants, and some are utilized for their pharmaceutical 1978; Gadek et al. 1989; Bruhl and Quinn 1990, 1991; and/or pesticidal value (Fig. 38.1). Bremer and Humphries 1993; Kim and Jansen 1995). The tribe Anthemideae was fi rst described by Cassini Subtribal classifi cation, however, has created considerable (1819: 192) as his eleventh tribe of Compositae. In a diffi culties throughout the taxonomic history of the tribe. later publication (Cassini 1823) he divided the tribe into Owing to the artifi ciality of a subtribal classifi cation based two major groups: “Anthémidées-Chrysanthémées” and on the presence vs. absence of paleae, numerous attempts “An thé midées-Prototypes”, based on the absence vs. have been made to develop a more satisfactory taxonomy presence of paleae (receptacular scales). -
III Joséphine+Th. Koster INULEAE
The compositae of New Guinea III Joséphine+Th. Koster Rijksherbarium, Leiden 4. INULEAE*) 88 & Nat. Pfl. Fam. Cass., J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. (1819) 193; Hoffmann, E. P., 4, 5 (1894) 172. Herbs. Leaves nearly always alternate, sometimes rosulate, mostly entire, sometimes dentate, rarely pinnatifid. Heads solitary or in inflorescences, homogamous or heteroga- herbaceous corolla of mous; phyllaries one- to many-seriate, or membranous; marginal anthers flowers filiform, dentate, or ligulate, of disc flowers tubular, (4- or) 5-dentate; achene sagittate and mostly caudate at the base; style two-armed; small, pappus setaceous, sometimes consisting of scales, or wanting; receptacle naked. KEY TO THE GENERA IN NEW GUINEA Leaves decurrent the heads clustered into 2 I a. along stem; small, densely glomerules b. Leaves not decurrent along the stem; heads solitary, few together, corymbose, paniculate, or clustered, but not in glomerules 3 Pterocaulon 2 a. Pappus setaceous I. 2 Sphaeranthus b. Pappus wanting . 3. Epaltes 3 a. Heads small, numerous, disc-shaped; pappus wanting Heads setaceous b. variously shaped; pappus 4 18— orange-yellow, afterwards glossy. 4 a. Headsjlarge; involucre 25 mm long; phyllaries yellow-brown, 4. Helichrysum than 18 coloured but not 5 b. Involucre much shorter mm; phyllaries variously yellow .... Phacellothrix 5 a. Heads solitary, homogamous; corolla tubular 5- several when then corolla of b. Heads solitary or together,mostly heterogamous, homogamous marginal flowers filiform 6 less whitish brown. 6 a. Whitish lanate herbs; phyllaries rigid, membranous,more or glossy, or light 7 membranous, not whitish or light brown 8 b. Herbs not whitish lanate; phyllaries herbaceous or Heads feminine flowers often numerous, sometimes 7 a. -
12. Tribe INULEAE 187. BUPHTHALMUM Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2
Published online on 25 October 2011. Chen, Y. S. & Anderberg, A. A. 2011. Inuleae. Pp. 820–850 in: Wu, Z. Y., Raven, P. H. & Hong, D. Y., eds., Flora of China Volume 20–21 (Asteraceae). Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis). 12. Tribe INULEAE 旋覆花族 xuan fu hua zu Chen Yousheng (陈又生); Arne A. Anderberg Shrubs, subshrubs, or herbs. Stems with or without resin ducts, without fibers in phloem. Leaves alternate or rarely subopposite, often glandular, petiolate or sessile, margins entire or dentate to serrate, sometimes pinnatifid to pinnatisect. Capitula usually in co- rymbiform, paniculiform, or racemiform arrays, often solitary or few together, heterogamous or less often homogamous. Phyllaries persistent or falling, in (2 or)3–7+ series, distinct, unequal to subequal, herbaceous to membranous, margins and/or apices usually scarious; stereome undivided. Receptacles flat to somewhat convex, epaleate or paleate. Capitula radiate, disciform, or discoid. Mar- ginal florets when present radiate, miniradiate, or filiform, in 1 or 2, or sometimes several series, female and fertile; corollas usually yellow, sometimes reddish, rarely ochroleucous or purple. Disk florets bisexual or functionally male, fertile; corollas usually yellow, sometimes reddish, rarely ochroleucous or purplish, actinomorphic, not 2-lipped, lobes (4 or)5, usually ± deltate; anther bases tailed, apical appendages ovate to lanceolate-ovate or linear, rarely truncate; styles abaxially with acute to obtuse hairs, distally or reaching below bifurcation, -
Complete List of Literature Cited* Compiled by Franz Stadler
AppendixE Complete list of literature cited* Compiled by Franz Stadler Aa, A.J. van der 1859. Francq Van Berkhey (Johanes Le). Pp. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States 194–201 in: Biographisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden, vol. 6. of America 100: 4649–4654. Van Brederode, Haarlem. Adams, K.L. & Wendel, J.F. 2005. Polyploidy and genome Abdel Aal, M., Bohlmann, F., Sarg, T., El-Domiaty, M. & evolution in plants. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 8: 135– Nordenstam, B. 1988. Oplopane derivatives from Acrisione 141. denticulata. Phytochemistry 27: 2599–2602. Adanson, M. 1757. Histoire naturelle du Sénégal. Bauche, Paris. Abegaz, B.M., Keige, A.W., Diaz, J.D. & Herz, W. 1994. Adanson, M. 1763. Familles des Plantes. Vincent, Paris. Sesquiterpene lactones and other constituents of Vernonia spe- Adeboye, O.D., Ajayi, S.A., Baidu-Forson, J.J. & Opabode, cies from Ethiopia. Phytochemistry 37: 191–196. J.T. 2005. Seed constraint to cultivation and productivity of Abosi, A.O. & Raseroka, B.H. 2003. In vivo antimalarial ac- African indigenous leaf vegetables. African Journal of Bio tech- tivity of Vernonia amygdalina. British Journal of Biomedical Science nology 4: 1480–1484. 60: 89–91. Adylov, T.A. & Zuckerwanik, T.I. (eds.). 1993. Opredelitel Abrahamson, W.G., Blair, C.P., Eubanks, M.D. & More- rasteniy Srednei Azii, vol. 10. Conspectus fl orae Asiae Mediae, vol. head, S.A. 2003. Sequential radiation of unrelated organ- 10. Isdatelstvo Fan Respubliki Uzbekistan, Tashkent. isms: the gall fl y Eurosta solidaginis and the tumbling fl ower Afolayan, A.J. 2003. Extracts from the shoots of Arctotis arcto- beetle Mordellistena convicta. -
Evolutionary Relationships in the Asteraceae Tribe Inuleae (Incl
ARTICLE IN PRESS Organisms, Diversity & Evolution 5 (2005) 135–146 www.elsevier.de/ode Evolutionary relationships in the Asteraceae tribe Inuleae (incl. Plucheeae) evidenced by DNA sequences of ndhF; with notes on the systematic positions of some aberrant genera Arne A. Anderberga,Ã, Pia Eldena¨ sb, Randall J. Bayerc, Markus Englundd aDepartment of Phanerogamic Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden bLaboratory for Molecular Systematics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden cAustralian National Herbarium, Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, GPO Box 1600 Canberra ACT 2601, Australia dDepartment of Systematic Botany, University of Stockholm, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden Received27 August 2004; accepted24 October 2004 Abstract The phylogenetic relationships between the tribes Inuleae sensu stricto andPlucheeae are investigatedby analysis of sequence data from the cpDNA gene ndhF. The delimitation between the two tribes is elucidated, and the systematic positions of a number of genera associatedwith these groups, i.e. genera with either aberrant morphological characters or a debated systematic position, are clarified. Together, the Inuleae and Plucheeae form a monophyletic group in which the majority of genera of Inuleae s.str. form one clade, and all the taxa from the Plucheeae together with the genera Antiphiona, Calostephane, Geigeria, Ondetia, Pechuel-loeschea, Pegolettia,andIphionopsis from Inuleae s.str. form another. Members of the Plucheeae are nestedwith genera of the Inuleae s.str., andsupport for the Plucheeae clade is weak. Consequently, the latter cannot be maintained and the two groups are treated as one tribe, Inuleae, with the two subtribes Inulinae andPlucheinae.