The compositae of New Guinea III

Joséphine+Th. Koster

Rijksherbarium, Leiden

4. *)

88 & Nat. Pfl. Fam. Cass., J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat. (1819) 193; Hoffmann, E. P., 4, 5

(1894) 172.

Herbs. Leaves nearly always alternate, sometimes rosulate, mostly entire, sometimes dentate, rarely pinnatifid. Heads solitary or in inflorescences, homogamous or heteroga- herbaceous corolla of mous; phyllaries one- to many-seriate, or membranous; marginal anthers flowers filiform, dentate, or ligulate, of disc flowers tubular, (4- or) 5-dentate; achene sagittate and mostly caudate at the base; style two-armed; small, pappus setaceous, sometimes consisting of scales, or wanting; receptacle naked.

KEY TO THE GENERA IN NEW GUINEA

Leaves decurrent the heads clustered into 2 I a. along stem; small, densely glomerules

b. Leaves not decurrent along the stem; heads solitary, few together, corymbose, paniculate, or clustered,

but not in glomerules 3

Pterocaulon 2 a. Pappus setaceous I.

2 b. Pappus wanting . 3. 3 a. Heads small, numerous, disc-shaped; pappus wanting

Heads setaceous b. variously shaped; pappus 4 18— orange-yellow, afterwards glossy. 4 a. Headsjlarge; involucre 25 mm long; phyllaries yellow-brown, 4.

than 18 coloured but not 5 b. Involucre much shorter mm; phyllaries variously yellow .... Phacellothrix 5 a. Heads solitary, homogamous; corolla tubular 5- several when then corolla of b. Heads solitary or together,mostly heterogamous, homogamous marginal

flowers filiform 6

less whitish brown. . 6 a. Whitish lanate herbs; phyllaries rigid, membranous,more or glossy, or light 7

membranous, not whitish or light brown 8 b. Herbs not whitish lanate; phyllaries herbaceous or

Heads feminine flowers often numerous, sometimes 7 a. densely corymbose, shortly pedunculate; marginal

wanting; disc flowers often masculine, sometimes bisexual, 1 — 50; exclusively masculine heads frequent,

number of flowers and disc flowers in head variable in and the same species. marginal a very one 6.

flowers disc flowers b. Heads clustered or solitary, sessile or subsessile; feminine marginal numerous;

flowers masculine heads not occurring, number of and disc bisexual, 1—7; exclusively marginal in in and the flowers a head not much variable one same species 7. Gnaphalium

8 undivided 8. a. Disc flowers few, masculine; style or shortly two-armed, ovary rudimentary . b. Disc flowers few ornumerous, bisexual; style arms fairly long, ovary normally developed 9.

Bot. of tribes in accordance with this II in *) I in Nova Guinea, 24 (1966) 497—614 (numbering paper); Blumea 18 (1970) 137—145.

193 BLUMEA VOL. No. 194 XX, I, 1972

I.

Sketch Bot. Austr. Elliot, S.-Carol. and Geo. 2 (1823) 323; Benth., Fl. 3 (1866) 522;

Benth. & Hook, /, Gen. Pi. 2 (1873) 294; Clarke, Comp. Ind. (1876) 98; Hook. /, Fl.

& Pfl. Br. Ind. 3 (1881) 275; Hoffmann, E. P., Nat. Fam. 4, 5 (1894) 178; Koster in

Fl. — Backer & Bakh., Java 2 (1965) 391. Monenteles Labill., Sert. Austro-caled. 2 (1825)

42.

Grey-tomentose herbs. Leaves alternate, decurrent along the stem. Heads small, densely

clustered into globose, ellipsoid, or cylindrical glomerules, heterogamous; involucre

ovoid or campanulate, phyllaries in few rows, narrow, inner gradually shorter, linear,

rigidly scarious, deciduous together with flowers, outer much shorter. Marginal flowers corolla several, female; filiform, minutely 2- or 3-dentate or truncate; style-arms filiform, rather achene hairs long, exserted; small, oblong, 4- or 5-costate, pappus setaceous, white, ciliate. Disc often corolla fine, flowers few or one, bisexual, sterile; tubular, thin, 5-lobate; anthers and caudate the obtuse the auricles sagittate at base, at apex, very fine, connate;

style-arms lanceolate, short; achene and pappus like those of marginal flowers; receptacle

minute.

Distribution: about and 30 species in N., C., S. America, Burma, S. Malesia, , New Caledonia.

KEY TO THE SPECIES IN NEW GUINEA

I a. Leaves obovate-oblong, minutely dentate; glomerules of heads in terminal spikes I. P. redolens

Leaves of b. oblong, repand or subentire; glomerules heads solitary, terminal, sessile or on winged

peduncles 2. P. sphacelatum

I. Pterocaulon redolens (Forst. f. ex Willd.) F.-Vill., Noviss. App. Blanco, Fl. Filip.,

3rd ed., 4, 3 (1880) 116; Mattfeld, Bot. Jahrb. 62 (1929) 426; Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 2

Craib Fl. — redolens (1935) 329; in Kerr, Siam. 2 (1936) 268. Conyza Forst. / ex Willd., Sp.

Pi. — Monenteles Austro-caled. t. Benth. 3 (1803) 1951. spicatus Labill., Sert. 2 (1825) 43, 43;

— Ind. Fl. Austr. 3 (1866) 523. Pterocaulon cylindrostachyum Clarke, Comp. (1876) 98; Fl. Ind. Weeds Pi. f. Hook./, Br. 3 (1881) 275; Bailey, Pois. Qld (1906) 135; Gagnepain,

Fl. Gen. I.-C. 3 (1924) 550, f. 57:1—7. — Pterocaulon spicatum (Labill.) Domin, Bibl. Bot.,

Heft 89 (1929) 1218. often much branched the Erect herb, 30—100 cm tall, in upper part, stem sparsely in greyish lanate-tomentose, the lower part glabrescent, 2—6 mm thick, wing entire,

greyish lanate-tomentose, internodes 1—2 cm long. Leaves obovate-oblong, narrowed the rounded the to base, or nearly so at apex, minutely dentate, chartaceous, densely broad. greyish lanate-tomentose below, thinly so above, 1—5.5 cm long, 0.5—2 cm of heads Glomerules small, globose or ellipsoid-oblong, sessile, in terminal 2—7 cm long heads involucre spikes; ellipsoid-oblong; ovoid, 5 mm long, phyllaries 4-seriate, inner linear-lanceolate, acuminate and acute, rigid, stramineous, pale brownish, shining,

glabrous, outer narrowly spathulate, obtuse or rounded, densely dingy crisp-lanate.

Marginal flowers 20—25; corolla 2- or 3-dentate, 3 mm long; achene dark brown, 0.75 mm

corolla long, sparsely shortly pilose, pappus 2.5 mm long. Disc flower one; 3 mm long, lobes deltoid-ovate, at the achene glandular upper part; 0.5 mm long, empty, pappus

2.5 mm long.

Distribution: Burma, , Laos, , Malay Peninsula, Philippines,

New Guinea, Australia, New Caledonia, New Hebrides. Josephine Th. Koster: The Compositae of New Guittea 111 195

— Dist.: NEW GUINEA. East. Milne Bay Dist.: Uga, 1949, Cruttwell 173 (K). Central Kapa to Kaili,

Port Goldie E. Tovobada 1889, MacGregor s.n. (MEL); Moresby, s.d., s.n. (MEL); footslopes Hills, 12 m.

Port Kairo & Streimann N. of Port Moresby, 1965, Heyligers 1229 (L); Moresby Subdist., Tupuseleia, 1967, —MorobeDist.: Clemens NGF30803 (L); Hisiu, 1935, Can 11451 (A, BM,L, NY). Kajabit, 1939. 10519(A); NGF Markham valley, Erap near Lea, 1958, Henly 9841 (BO, BRI, L, LAE), 1959, 10684 (LAE).

Collectors' annotations: aromatic, maladorous; leaves dull green above,

corolla fait white red and white. grey green below; pink, white, tinged pale mauve, or savannah Ecological notes: roadside weed; in open grassland; in open land;

bare of with of in woodland. Alti- in strand vegetation; on patch ground plenty humus;

tude: 0—300 m.

Pi. 2. (Labill.) F. v. M., Syst. Census Austr. 1 (1882) 79; Fl. Austr. Banks and Sol. Bailey, Queensl. 3 (1900) 824; Britten, 111. Pi. 2 (1901) 49 t. 156; Backer Domin, Bibl. Bot. Heft 89 (1929) 1218; Koster, Fedde Repert. 34 (1933) 14; in &

Fl. — Monenteles Sert. Austro-caled. 2 Bakh., Java 2 (1965) 392. sphacelous Labill., (1825)

t. Fl. Benth. Hook. Gen. Pi. 2 43, 44; Benth., Austr. 3 (1866) 523; & /, (1873) 295.

Herbs stem 2—6 with entire 25—60 cm tall, upper part branched, mm thick, together

wing densely lanate-tomentose, hairs long, crispy, hyaline, inflated at the base; internodes

rounded and apiculate at the repand or subentire, 1—3 cm long. Leaves oblong, apex,

chartaceous, thinly greyish more or less crispy-tomentose above, densely so below, smaller. Glomerules of heads globose 1—4.5 cm long, 0.5—2 cm broad, higher ones or sessile ellipsoid, I—1.5 cm wide, terminal, or on 0.5 —1.5 cm long winged peduncles; inner linear- heads ellipsoid-oblong, involucre ovoid, 4 mm long, phyllaries 4-seriate, whitish lanceolate, acuminate and acute, rigid, stramineous, shining, glabrous, outer obtuse narrowly spathulate, or rounded, densely white crispy-lanate. Marginal flowers

corolla achene 10—20; finely 2- or 3-dentate, purplish, 3 mm long; pilose, 1 mm long, corolla mm flower mm long, lobes deltoid-ovate, glandular pappus 3 long. Disc one; 3.5

the achene mm at upper part; 0.75 mm long, empty, pappus 3 long.

Distribution: SE. Malesia (Kangean I., Buton I., Lesser Sunda Is, New Guinea),

Australia, New Caledonia.

NEW GUINEA. East. Milne Bay Dist.: Milne Bay, 1889, MacGregor s.n. (MEL). — Central Dist.: ofFRed Kairuhu Subdist., Rogers Airstrip, 8 m. W. ofKanosia Plantation, 1962, Darbyshire 647 (L); island

Scar Chalmers s.n. (MEL). Point, 1849, MacGillavry 473 (K); Fisherman L, 1880,

s' herb to corolla Collector annotations: erect up 90 cm tall; faintly purple.

Ecological notes: open savannah. Altitude: 9 m.

2. SPHAERANTHUS

Gen. L., Sp. Pi. (1753) 927; Lessing, Syn. Gen. Comp. (1832) 201; Benth. & Hook./, Pi. Ind. Fl. Ind. (1881) Hoffmann, 2 (1873) 294; Clarke, Comp. (1876) 96; Hook./., Br. 3 274;

E. & Pfl. Kew Bull. Hook. P., Nat. Fam. 4, 5 (1894) 178; Robijns, (1924) 177; Ross-Craig,

6 & Ic. Pl. V, (1954) 1; Koster in Backer Bakh., Fl. Java 2 (1965) 391.

Herbs. Leaves alternate, nearly always decurrent along the stem. Heads minute, densely clustered ovoid in terminal or axillary, nearly always pedunculate, globular or glomerules, heterogamous; involucre narrowly campanulate, phyllaries about equal in length. less Marginal flowers many, female; corolla tubular, minutely 3-dentate, more or swollen, achene subcartilagineous; style shortly bifid; oblong, pappus wanting. Disc flowers one or anthers few, bisexual or male; corolla tubular-campanulate, 5-lobed, subcartilaginous; No. BLUMEA VOL. XX, I, 1972 196

with acute basal obtuse at the style undivided or sagittate or subcaudate, auricles, apex;

minutely bifid, papillose; achene oblong, pappus wanting; receptacle small, naked,

variable in shape.

Distribution: tropical Asia, Africa, Australia. 37 species in Iraq, Iran,

Br. Ind. I. Sphaeranthus africanus L., Sp. Pi. ed. 2 (1763) 1314; Hook./., Fl. 3 (1881)

Bull. Ind. Néerl. 10 Robijns, Kew Bull. (1924) 196; 275; Valeton, Dép. Agr. (1907) 69; Fl. f. 62 Gagncpain, Gén. I.-C. 3 (1924) 566, 60: 8—17; Mattfeld, Bot. Jahrb. (1929) 426;

Hook. Pl. (1954) t. Craib in Kerr, Fl. Siam. 2, 3 (1936) 267; Ross-Craig, Ic. V, 6 18, 3501 Fl. A; Koster in Backer & Bakh., Java 2 (1965) 391.

Erect herb, often much branched, 25—50 cm tall or taller, stem winged, 3—5 mm often spreading. Leaves decurrent thick, sparsely pilose, wing entire or nearly so, branches

along the stem, oblanceolate-elliptic, oblanceolate, or oblong-lanceolate, acutely mucro-

at both sides, nate, subentire or minutely repand-denticulate, sparsely crispy pilose 1.5—7

—1.8 broad. Glomerules pedunculate, globose or subglobose, 6—9 mm cm long, 0.3 cm and bracts wide, with a few obovate-lanceolate, acute acuminate, shortly pilose, glandular

cm heads phyllaries about at the base, peduncles mostly winged, 0.5—2.5 long; numerous, obovate-oblong, faintly undulate at the 7 or more, oblong-spathulate or apiculate, upper

glandular at part, sometimes navicular, for the greater part scarious, glabrous, sometimes

mm corolla obovoid or sub- the upper part, 2—3 long. Marginal flowers: ovoid-cylindrical, narrowed the short cartilaginous in the lower part, abruptly into conical-cylindrical upper achene somewhat part, glabrous, 1—1.5 mm long; style-arms obtuse, short; oblong, angu-

and a short often and lar, shortly pilose glandular, 0.75—1 mm long, on stipe, stipe-like

corolla somewhat laterally compressed, glabrous, mm long, longer empty. Disc flowers: 1.5 shorter narrowed, lobes deltoid, subacute; lower part subcartilaginous, upper part slightly short often style exserted, very shortly bifid; achene I mm long, glandular, on a stipe, obconical. stipe-like and empty; receptacle shortly Distribution: Africa, , , Ceylon, Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, China, Malesia, Australia.

— West. NEW GUINEA. East. Western Dist.: Saibai I., 1885, Stewart s.tt. (MEL). Merauke, 1904»

McKee S. and Koch s.n. (BO, L), 1954, 1671 (L, LAE); SW. New Guinea, Zippelius s.n. (L).

annotation: less Collectors' more or prostrate.

Ecological note: weed in rice field.

3. EPALTES

Philom. Cassini, Bull. Sc. Soc. Paris (1818) 139; Diet. Sc. Nat. 15 (1819) 6; Lessing, Fl. Austr. Linnaea 5 (1830) 147; Syn. Gen. Comp. (1832) 206; Benth., 3 (1866) 529; Hook. Fl. Benth. & Gen. Pi. Ind. (1876) 96; Br. Hook./, 2 (1873) 293; Clarke, Comp. ., in E.& Nat. Pfl. Fam. Queensl. Fl. Ind. 3 (1881)274; Hoffmann P., 4, 5 (1894) 178; Bailey,

Diet. Austr. Pi. Gen. 3 (1900) 821; Burbidge, (1963) 113. Herbs. Leaves alternate. Heads small, disc-shaped, heterogamous; involucre ovoid, imbricate. campanulate, or basin-shaped, phyllaries Marginal flowers numerous, many- achene seriate, female; corolla fdiform-tubular, 2- or 3-dentate; style-arms thin, obtuse; often sterile; corolla tubular, limb ribbed, pappus wanting. Disc flowers few, bisexual,

anthers and caudate at the somewhatbroadened or campanulate, 3—5-dentate; sagittate base, with connate acuminate basal auricles and with an obtuse apical appendage; style Josephine Th. Koster: The Compositae of New Guinea 111 197

at the undivided, subulate, or with two short obtuse branches, papillose upper part; of deciduous bristles; achene ribbed, often abortive, pappus wanting or consisting 2 or 3 the alveolate. receptacle flat or concave in centre, naked, Distribution: in tropical Madagascar, Asia, Australia, New 17 species Africa, Caledonia, Mexico, , Brasil.

Linnaea Fl. Austr. I. Epaltes aus tralis Less., 5 (1830) 148; Benth., 3 (1866) 530; Bailey, Pi. Banks & 111. Bot. Cook Austr. 2 (1901) pi. Queensl. Fl. 3 (1900) 822; Solander, Voy. f. Enum. Phil. Pi. 158; Bailey, Weeds. Pois. Pl. Queensl. (1906) 134; Merrill, 3 (1923) Mai. Bibl. Bot. Heft Craib in 607; Ridley, Fl. Pen. 2 (1923) 195; Domin, 89 (1929) 1217;

Kerr, Fl. Siam. 2, 3 (1936) 267.

much stem 1 mm Prostrate or nearly so, diffuse herb, 5—24 cm tall, branched, —3 Leaves sessile, spathulate, thick, sparsely crispy-pilose, internodes 0.5—1.5 cm long.

rounded at dentate attenuate to the truncate or faindy auriculate base, apex, shortly and less except for the entire lower part, chartaceous, minutely glandular more or crispy

cm broad. sparsely pilose (hairs many-celled) on both surfaces, 1.5—5 cm long, 0.3 —1.5

Heads in or somewhatbelow the axils of the upper leaves, I—3 together, sessile or shortly

involucre mm phyllaries 3-seriate, pedunculate, 4—6 mm wide; basin-shaped, 3 —4 long,

scarious, obovate-oblong, glossy, outer rounded, inner nearly so and mucronulate at the

corolla achene mm long. apex. Marginal flowers : 0.75 mm long; oblong, glandular, 0.75 tube short; achene Disc flowers: corolla 1 mm long, limb campanulate, 4- or 5-dentate, like that of marginal flowers but often abortive. Distribution: India, Thailand, Indo-China, S. China, Japan, Malay Pen.,

Philippines, New Guinea, Australia, New Caledonia, Loyalty Is.

Sudest NEW GUINEA. East. Milne Bay Dist.: Sudest I.,Joe Landing, 1956, Brass 27780 (A, L, LAE); I., Daru Misima Narian, Brass 27606 (A, L). — Western Dist.: I., 1965, Henty NGF 27103 (L, LAE); I., 1956, Wassi Kussa 1968, & Katik NGF 38641 (L). 1963, Womersiey NGF 17786 (L); Arufi, R.., Flenty

Collector s' annotations: aromatic; somewhat fleshy; corolla red, reddish, red. or brownish; style-arms of low coral- Ecological notes: muddy ground on edge mangrove swamp;

short river bank and of drain in limestone foreshores, foreshore among grass; edge dug

savannah. Altitude: sea level.

4. HELICHRYSUM

Pi. 2 (1807) P. Miller, Gard. Diet. Abr. ed. 4 (1754) (‘Elichrysum’); corr. Persoon, Syn. 414,

Gen. Fl. Austr. Benth. nom. cons.-, Lessing, Syn. Comp. (1832) 274; Benth., 3 (1866) 612; Pi. E. Nat. Pfl. Fam. & Hook, f, Gen. 2 (1876) 309; Hoffmann, & P., 4, 5 (1894) 190; Diet. Austr. Pi. Gen. Robertson in Black, Fl. S. Austr. 4 (1957) 907; Burbidge, (1963) 146. lower Shrubs, undershrubs or herbs. Leaves alternate or ones rarely opposite, entire. small involucre Heads solitary or corymbose, or large, heterogamous or homogamous; various in shape, phyllaries many-seriate, imbricate, outer gradually shorter, scarious, often the rigid, white or variously coloured, inner so only in longest upper part. Marginal

corolla 2- 3-dentate; style-arms flowers few or wanting, female; tubular, slender, or

achene slightly compressed or truncate; small, cylindrical, 5-angular or terete, pappus

fine Disc few to numerous, setaceous, setae hairlike, very or rarely wanting. flowers auricles bisexual; corolla tubular, 5- or rarely 4-lobed; anthers sagittate-caudate, very fine;

sometimes with conical achene and like those of style-arms truncate or apex; pappus BLUMEA VOL. XX, No. I, 1972 198

marginal flowers; receptacle various in shape, usually naked, rarely some scales occurring

the innermost alveolate. among flowers, Australia. Distribution: a large number of species in Europe, Africa, Asia,

bracteatum sub t. I. Helichrysum (Vent.) Andrews, Bot. Repos. 6 (1805) 428; Benth., Fl. Bibl. Heft Robertson in Fl. Austr. 3 (1866) 620; Domin, Bot. 89 (1929) 1222; Black,

f. — Xeranthemum bracteatum Malm. S. Austr. 4 (1957) 910, 1209. Vent., Jard. (1803) t. 2;

Andrews, o.c. 6 (1804) t. 375.

—80 Erect perennial herbs, 25 cm tall, often much branched, stem 2—5 mm thick, whitish internodes variable thinly arachnoid-lanate, glandular, I—4 cm. Leaves sessile, in

shape, linear-lanceolate, (ob)lanceolate, or elliptic-oblong, chartaceous, truncate, some-

what rounded or slightly auriculate at the base, acute and finely acuminateor mucronate

whitish arachnoid-lanate and covered with minute hairs at the apex, thinly densely gland both midrib lowest leaves at sides, 3—14 cm long, 0.2—2.5 cm broad, prominent below,

crowded at the subrosulate. Heads terminal and in the axils ofthe in young base,

gradually whitish lanate, cm long peduncles upper leaves, large, on attenuate, 7—19

bearing some small leaflike bracts; involucre hemispheric-campanulate, 18—25 mm long,

phyllaries glossy, orange-yellow, afterwards yellow-brown, outer broadly ovate, mucro- with nate, inner ovate-oblong, lanceolate-oblong to lanceolate, shortly acuminate, a short basal the corolla fairly stramineous part fringed at margin. Marginal flowers few; canalicu- filiform-tubular, swollen at the base, 5 mm long; style-arms somewhatflattened,

8 mm late, truncate; achene cylindrical, 5-angular, glabrous, 2 mm long, pappus long,

at the ciliate. corolla 8 mm setae cohering base, orange, Disc flowers very numerous; long,

tube long, limb narrowly campanulate, lobes fairly long, acute; style-arms somewhat conical achene and like those of flattened, canaliculate, with papillose apex; pappus marginal flowers; receptacle large, flat, naked.

Distribution: New Guinea, Australia, Tasmania, Cook Is.

NEW GUINEA. East. Morobe Dist.: Mumeng Subdist., Mapos, 1968, Streimann & Kairo NGF 35825

(L); Wau Subdist., between Kaisenik and Wuri-Wuri, 1968, Streimann & Kairo NGF 39130 (L); Menyamya,

1968, Streimann & Kairo NGF35872 (L). — E. Highl. Dist.: base ofKratke Mts, 12 m. S. ofAiyura, 1963, Brass of Michael, Lufa- Hartley 12159 (L); ibidem, Obura, 1959, & Collins 32176 (NA); NE. slopes Mt Kainantu Goroka Rd, 1959, Womersley NGF 11737 (BRI, LAE); Wonenara Patrol Post, above Guaiga R., Subdist., 1963, Henty & Carlquist NGF 16517 (L); Henganofi, 1967, Streimann NGF 35697 (L); Lower

Benabena R., 1957, Robbins 854 (CANB, L, LAE); Goroka, Town Area, 1954, Womersley et al. NGF 6178

NGF (A, BM, BO, CANB, L, LAE); ibidem, J. Leahey's Logging area, 1954, Womersley & Floyd 6151 Pullen (A, BRI); Upper Asaro R., near Minima, scattered, 1956, Hoogland & 5410 (BM, CANB, L);

NW. of — W. Dist.: Saunders Marafunga, c. 20 m. Goroka, 1964, Hartley 13237 (L). Highl. Tomba, 1957,

660 (BM, CANB, L, LAE); N. slopes Sugarloaf complex, along Wapu R., common, I960, Hoogland &

Schodde 7075 (L); Wabag-LaiagamRd, near Lake Iviva, 1962, Womersley NGF 15288 (L); Ambum-Mari-

muni Ambum Robbins of Divide, upper valley, I960, 3098 (CANB); 4 m. NW. Laiagam, frequent, 1965,

Flenley ANU 2522 (CANB, L); near Kepilam, Lagaip valley, I960, Hoogland & Schodde 7379 (L); Sirunki,

— between Ne and Kalkman 1962, Walker ANU 384 (L). S. Highl. Dist.: pass Mt Mt Kerewa, 1966, 4839

— these (L). Western Dist.: Oriomo R., Wuroi, not common, 1934, Brass 5704 (BM, BO, L, NY, speci- smaller heads mens have on thin peduncles).

Collectors' herb leaves dull annotations: spreading up to 2 m; green of flowers above, (grey-) green below; corolla of marginal flowers yellow, disc (bright,

deep, golden, orange, reddish) yellow, orange, or yellow and red. Uses: heads worn by Huli-men (S. Highlands) in their wigs.

Ecological notes: (secondary, dry, treefern-, savannah-) grasslands; on tussocks red of and low shrubs and ferns on sedges in swamps; native garden; on organic mud, 111 Josephine Th. Koster: The Composite of New Guinea 199

reduced numbers since the clays, on limestone; according to local natives greatly in

has been abandoned. Altitude: also 10 practice ofburning grasslands 1400—4000 m, —30

m (Oriomo R., Wuroi).

5. PHACELLOTHRIX

Fl. Hoff- F. v. M., Fragm. Phyt. Austr. n (89) (1878) 49; Bailey, Queensl. 3 (1900) 845;

& Pfl. Diet. Austr. Pl. Gen. 227. mann, E. P., Nat. Fam. 4, 5 (1894) 190; Burbidge, (1963)

Herbs. Leaves alternate. Heads solitary, terminal, homogamous, many-flowered;

with outer involucre basin-shaped, phyllaries 3- or 4-seriate, scarious, pellucid margins, basal gradually shorter. Corolla tubular, 5-lobed; anthers sagittate at the base, without

appendages, with a lanceolate subacute apical appendage; style-arms lanceolate-subulate,

achene hairs uni-seriate, 2 connate at the lower papillose; oblong, pappus setaceous, —4 naked. part, scabrid; receptacle and Australia. Distribution: one species in Malesia

cladochaeta Austr. I. Phacellothrix (F. v. M.) F. v. M., Fragm. Phyt. 11 (89) (1878)

— cladochaetum F. 49; Bailey, Queensl. Fl. 3 (1900) 845. Helichrysum v. M., Fragm. Phyt.

— brownii Fl. Austr. acc. to Austr. 5 (40) (1866) 199. Benth., 3 (1866) 594 (syn. Bailey, I.e.).

stem less Erect delicate annual herb, simple or branched, 20—55 cm tall, more or rigid,

somewhat internodes cm long, i—i.J mm thick, grooved, white-lanuginose, 2.5—3 branches elongate. Leaves sessile, linear-lanceolate, oblanceolate, or narrowly spathulate,

the attenuate to the adnate at the lower acutely mucronate at apex, gradually base, part, white- entire, membranaceous, thinly white-lanuginose or subglabrous above, densely

cm 0.2— cm broad. Heads hemispherical, on elongate, lanuginose below, 1.5—3.5 long, 0.7

— cm without bracts with one minute filiform, white-lanate, 7 17 long peduncles, or linear involucre lanceolate-subulate, glabrous, minutely bract; 4—5 mm long, phyllaries

corolla mm lobes glandular, one-nerved. Flowers bisexual; 3 long, lanceolate, acute; achene brown, glandular, glutinose, 1.5 mm long, usually fertile, pappus 2 mm long, dirty white; receptacle flat, tuberculate.

Distribution: Malesia (Aru Is and southern New Guinea) andnorthern Australia.

NEW GUINEA. EAST. Western Dist.: Fly R., Gaima, common, 1936, Brass 8269 (A, BM, BO, L, LAE);

Brass NY). — West. Merauke Subdist.: Oriomo R., Wuroi, scattered, common, 1934, 5738 (BO, GH, bank of Koembe Koerik, Noordpolder, not abundant, 1962, Hoogerwerf 240 (L); ibidem, R., relatively

abundant, 1954, van Royen 4853 (L).

Collectors' annotation: corolla yellow. Altitude: Ecological notes: in short to long grass of savannahs; on hard soil.

3—10 m.

6. ANAPHALIS

& Gen. Pi. Ind. DC., Prodr. 6 (1837) 271; Benth. Hook./, 2 (1876) 303; Clarke, Comp.

Hook. Fl. Ind. E. & Nat. Pfl. Fam. 4, (1876) 101; /, Br. 3 (1881) 279; Hoffmann, P., 5 Fl. Fl. Gén. I.-C. (1894) 186; Boerlage, Handl. Ned. Ind. 2 (1899) 192; Gagnepain, 3

in Backer & Bakh., Fl. 2 (1965) (1924) 553; Koster Java 392. Leaves Perennial herbs, shrubs, or small trees, whitish lanate. alternate, sessile, one-

nerved, entire. Heads in terminal and axillary dense corymbs, often combined into corym-

biform compound inflorescences, shortly peduncled, many-flowered, heterogamous or 200 BLUMEA VOL. XX, No. i, 1972

Fig. 1. Phacellothrix cladochaeta. — a. Habit, X ¾; b. flower, x 45; c. style, x 45; d. anther, x 45; e. distribution. — (a—d: Brass 8269). Josephine Th. Koster: The Compositae of New Guinea 111 201

homogamous; involucre campanulate, expanded at an advanced age, phyllaries imbricate, lower less 4- or 5-seriate, rigid, membranous with a hard part, mostly glabrous, more or

glossy, whitish, outer gradually shorter. Marginal flowers many-seriate or wanting, female. bisexual of the number of female Disc flowers I—50, or masculine, proportion flowers to that ofbisexual or masculine ones variable in one and the same species. Corolla

in the flowers with whitish or light yellow, marginal filiform, a 3- or 4-(sometimes 5-)

dentate top, in the disc flowers tubular, with a widened 5-lobed top, minutely glandular; anthers both sides with filiform basal sagittate at the base, on a appendage; style-arms short in female and masculine flowers; achenes more or less oval, more or less 3-angular,

in somewhat compressed, brown, minutely glandular, masculine flowers empty; pappus less hairs one-seriate, dentate, dingy-white, in disc flowers more or distinctly clavate; receptacle conical or flat, naked, alveolate.

Distribution: about 100 species, most in Asia, several in N. and S. America; and temperate montane plants.

KEY TO THE SPECIES IN NEW GUINEA

Leaves 1 a. very small, 0.4—1.0 cm long, 0.2—0.25 cm broad; heads solitary, terminal; phyllaries very

acute I. A. papuana

Leaves b. 0.5—8 cm long, 0.2—1.3 cm broad; heads (sometimes few) in terminal corymbs; phyllaries

acute, subacute or obtuse 2

dense in the lower ofthe heads 2 a. Leaves very part stem, small, 0.5—2.7 cm long, 0.2—0.4 cm broad; mariae 3 —21 together, in thin corymbs; involucre 7—10 mm long 2. A.

—6 b. Leaves 2—8 cm long, 0.2—1.3 cm broad; heads numerous, in dense corymbs; involucre 5 mm

long 3

stramineous 3 a. Leaves lanceolate, densely lanate above; phyllaries ovate to oblong, obtuse or subacute, A. 3. lorentzii

Leaves b. linear-lanceolate, glabrous or nearly so above; phyllaries oblong-lanceolate,acuminate, acute, A. membranous 4. arfakensis

comb, et ? X. Anaphalis papuana (Lauterbach) Koster nou. stat. Anaphalis nubigena

— S. DC. var. papuana Lauterbach, Nova Guinea 8 (1914) 864. Anaphalis monocephala

6 Moore, Trans. Linn. Soc., Bot. 9 (1916) 85, nom. illeg., non DC., Prodr. (1837) 18; Bull. Mattfeld, Nova Guinea 14 Bot. (1928) 525; Bot. Jahrb. 62 (1929) 427; van Steenis,

Jard. Bot. Btzg 111, 13 (1934) 185. often much Small shrubs, 20—3 5 cm tall, branched, stems terete, slender, 1—2 mm thick, white internodes dense the lanate, partly procumbent; 2 —5 mm long. Leaves very in lower part of the stems, less dense in the upper part, oblong- or obovate-lanceolate, with revolute margins, densely white lanate on both sides except for the glabrous acute top, basal to the cm cm broad. Heads part appressed stem, herbaceous, 0.4—1 long, 0.2—0.25 terminal, solitary; involucre 10—14 mm long, phyllaries 5-seriate, numerous, stramineous, bidentate the shining, dingy-white, lanceolate, rarely at top, very acute, glabrous except corolla whitish lanate outer ones. Marginal flowers numerous, 4 mm long; 3 mm long,

the achene mm j-dentate at the apex; style-arms fairly broad, papillose at top; 1 long, hairs oblong, pappus dingy-white, 4 mm long, very acute. Disc flowers 4 mm long; somewhat corolla campanulate-infundibuliform, 3 mm long; style-arms broadened, rounded and the anthers caudate the achene and in papillose at top; at base; pappus as marginal flowers; receptacle flat.

Distribution: New Guinea.

NEW Mt Lorentz N. GUINEA. West. Wilhelmina,Wilhelmina-top, 1909, 1345 (BO, L, type); eod., NE. Brass slopes, plentiful, 1938, Brass & Meyer-Drees 10048(L); eod., 7 km of Wilhelmina-top, 1938, & BLUMEA VOL. No. 202 XX, I, 1972

E. waterfall, Brass Meyer-Drees 10017 (A, L); eod., 2 km of Wilhelmina-top, near 1938, & Meyer-Drees Mt 10348 (A, L); eod., Quarles valley, Versteeg 2509 (BO, L), 2312 (L). Carstensz, Dajakweide and sur-

roundings, Wissel 73 (BO); Mt Carstensz, 1913, Kloss 14 (K).

Collector s' annotations: corolla of marginal flowers white, of disc flowers yellow.

Ecological notes: in alpine grassland; on wet limestone, among rocks and

of in under rocks. Altitude: loose earth screes, dry places 3560—4500 m. Remark: This species differs from the resembling A. nubigena DC. by the dense

lower leaves and the stramineousphyllaries. In A. nubigena the leaves are distant, larger and white. broader; the phyllaries are

Vict. Handl. Fl. 2. Anaphalis mariae F. v. ML, Trans. R. Soc. 1, 2 (1889) 8; Boerlage, Ned. Ind. Bot. 2 (1891) 240; S. Moore, Trans. Linn. Soc., Bot. 9 (1916) 85; Mattfeld,

Jahrb. 62 (1929) 428; van Steenis, Bull. Jard. Bot. Btzg III, 13 (1934) 185. — Anaphalis

I.e. — nouhuysii Lauterbach, Nova Guinea 8 (1912) 865; Mattfeld, I.e.; van Steenis, Ana-

phalis ?mariae F. v. M. var. lanuginosa Lauterbach, I.e.

Small shrubs, simple or (often much) branched, 12—75 cm tall, stems partly procum- white bent, ascending, partly erect, lanate, glabrescent, slender, terete, 1—3 mm thick, often less internodes 1—10 mm long. Leaves very dense in the lower part of the stems,

dense the afterwards linear-elliptic or linear-oblanceolate, in upper part, recurved, and the with involute less white mucronate acute at top, margins, chartaceous, more or

white lanate 0.2 lanate or glabrous above, densely below, 0.5—2.7 cm long, —0.4 cm lower smaller. Heads mentioned F. M. in broad, ones 3—21 together (only 1 or 2, as by v.

his in the and the in other diagnosis, was not found, neither type isotypes, nor specimens),

thin terminal involucre —10 long, in corymbs, peduncles 0.5—2.5 cm long; 7 mm white for the phyllaries 4- or 5-seriate, chartaceous, shining, or dingy-white except basal obtuse often with short teeth the brownish part, lanceolate, or acute, some at top,

corolla at the style-arms glabrous. Marginal flowers many; 2.5 mm long, papillose top;

truncate, finely papillose; achene turbinate-oblong, hirsute, 0.5 mm long, pappus 3 mm

corolla mm truncate and at the long. Disc flowers many; 3 long; style-arms papillose top; anthers caudate at the base, obtuse at the top; achene oblong, sparsely hirsute, 0.5 mm long, afterwards flat. pappus 3 mm long; receptacle conical, Distribution: New Guinea.

Collector s' annotations: lax, bushy, straggling, sprawling, (semi-) woody, loose small shrubby herb, up to 1.2 m; solitary or forming large clumps or colonies,

corolla of marginal flowers white or gregarious; leaves shining (dark) green above; cream, of disc flowers pale green to yellow, hght brown, ochre.

Ecological notes: montane to alpine grasslands, forest borders, (mossy) forests, Altitude: rocky slopes; on fine loam, limestone, basalt, granite. 2550—4400 m.

a. forma mariae — Anaphalis nouhuysii Laut. white lanate midrib. Upper side of leaves glabrous or rarely with

Mt — Northern NEW GUINEA. East. Milne Bay Dist.: Aniata, 1959, Cruttwell 1075 (K), 1962, 1302 (L).

Dist.: Mt Scratchley, 1897, Giulianetti & English s.n. (K). — Central Dist.: Mt Knudsford, 1889, Mt Albeit Brass MacGregor s.n. (MEL, type; BRI, K); Edward, common, 1933, 4370 (BO, BRI, GH);

Goilala, trail to Mt A. Edward, 1969, Foreman & Wardle NGF 45526 (L). — Morobe Dist.: Rawlinson Ra.,

1941, Clemens 41942 (A); Salawaket Ra., Monarauwe, 1964, Hoogland 9733 (L); ibidem,Upper Zaran Creek,

Mt NGF — E. Highl. Dist.: Mt Wilhelm, SW. slopes Enggom, 1963, van Royen 16172 (L). 1953—1968, Josephine Th. Koster: The Compositae of New Guinea 111 203

van Balgooy 617 (L), Barrett 1 (BRI, LAE), Borgmann 17a (L), Brass 29922 (CANB, L), 50051 (CANB, L,

McVean & Wade ANU Millar NGF Millar & NY), 50510 (CANB, L), 7009 (L), 14652 (CANB, L), Sayers & NGF 23784(h),Philipson 3441 (L), van RoyenNGF 15116(CANB, L),15161 (L), Semple Rayners.n. (MEL),

Vandenberg NGF 35053 (L), Womersley NGF 8840 (CANB, L, LAE); Keglsugl, 1966, Streimann & Kairo

NGF 27715 (L); Mt Otto, S. slopes, 1959, Brass 30988 (CANB, L, NY); Mt Piora, 1963, Plenty & Carlquist

NGF 16584(CANB, L); Mt Michael, 1959, Brass & Collins 31238 (CANB, L, NY), Brass 31416 (L), 31417

(CANB, L, NY); Mt Ormogadzin, W. of Mt O Dan, 1963, van Royen NGF 18357 (L). — W. Highl.

Dist.: Divide NGF S. Robbins Wahgi area, 1953, Womersley 5190 (LAE); Mt Hagen, slopes, 1957, 297

(CANB, L, LAE). — S. Highl. Dist.: Mt Giluwe, W. summit, 1961, Schodde 1719 (L), 1719a (CANB),

Mt Kalkman Gillison NGF 1959 (L); Ambua, common, 1966, 4977 (L); Ibiwara, Tari Gap, 1966, 25167

— S. (L); Mt Kerewa, locally common, 1966, Vink 17053 (L). Madang Dist.: Finisterre Ra., upper slopes

above Lake Naho basin, SSW. ofMt Abilala, 1964, Pullen 6087(h). — Wes t. Mt Wilhelmina,valley on

of of. km E. N. part summit, 1909, van Nouhuys 25a (U), 29 (U, type Anaphalis nouhuysii Laut.); ibidem,2

of summit, plentiful, 1938, Brass & Meyer-Drees 10117 (A, L); 9 km NE. of Lake Habbema, 1938, Brass

Mt Kloss 10699 (A, L); Oranje Ra., 1913, Versteeg 2506 (GH, L); Utakwa R. to Carstensz, 1913, s.n.

(BM); Mt Carstensz, 1913, Kloss s.n. (K), 1936, Wissel 83, 162 (BO).

b. forma alba Koster nova forma — Anaphalis ?mariae F. v. M. var. lanuginosa Laut.

Folia utrinque albide lanata.

Type; van Nouhuys 27 (U).

NEW GUINEA. East. Northern Dist.: Mt Scratchley, 1896, Giulianetti s.n. (K, MEL). — Central Dist.: Albert Mt Edward, common, 1933, Brass 4248 (BO, BRI, GH), 4290 (BRI, GH), 4370 (BO, BRI, GH);

MurrayPass, Wharton Ra., 1933, Brass 4643 (BO, BRI, GH, L), 1968, Ridsdate NGF 36838 (L). — Morobe

Rawlinson Clemens Salawaket Dist.: Ra., 1940, 41381 (A, L); Ra., 1963, Hartley 11, 244 (L); ibidem, Ulap

Trail, 1948, Clemens 41131 (A); ibidem,Bolang, common, 1964, Hoogland 9933 (L); ibidem, Siopto, 1964,

Hoogland9903 (L). — E. Highl. Dist.: Mt Wilhelm, 1953—1966, van Balgooy 46,302, 467, 617a(L), Borgmann

Brass Havel NGF 17 (L), 29833 (CANB, L, NY), 30007 (CANB, L), 30047 (CANB, L, NY), 17431 (L), 688 Hoogland & Pullen 3647 (L, LAE), Keogh s.n. (LAE), Millar NGF 14663(CANB, L), Robbins (CANB,

Millar & Kairo NGF LAE), van Royen NGF 16048(CANB, L), Sayers & NGF 19839 (L), Streimann 27712

Mt (L), Walker ANU 3039 (L), Womersley NGF 8836 (CANB, L, LAE), 8930 (BM, CANB, L, LAE); NE. NGF Michael, 1959, Brass 31413 (US); ibidem, upper slope, 1959, Womersley 11472 (BRI, CANB, L, O NGF LAE), 11474 (BRI, LAE); MtOrmogadzin,W. ofMt Dan, 1963, van Royen 18337a(L); Kerigomna

Pullen — Dist.: Kubor camp, fairly common, 1956, Hoogland & 3336 (BM, CANB, L, LAE). W. Highl.

Ra., Mt Kinkain, 1963, Vink 16099, 16204(L)l Mt Hagen, common, 1957, Robbins 333 (CANB, L, LAE);

Mt Sugarloaf, summit area, I960, Hoogland & Schodde 71 i6(L). — S. Highl. Dist.: Mt Giluwe, 1951—1969,

Coode, Wardle & Katik NGF 40263 (L), Semple & Rayner s.n. (MEL), Shaw Mayer s.n. (L); Mt Ambua,

common, 1966, Kalkman 4977a (L). — West. Mt Wilhelmina,summit, 1909, van Nouhuys 27 (U, type of Anaphalis ?mariae F. v. M. var. lanuginosa Laut.).

lorentzii 3. Anaphalis Lauterbach, Nova Guinea 8 (1914) 865; Mattfeld, Bot. Jahrb. 62

Bull. — (1929) 429; van Steenis, Jard. Bot. Btzg III, 13 (1934) 185. ?Anaphalis hellwigii of this Warb., Bot. Jahrb. 16 (1893) 28; Mattfeld, I.e. (no specimens species were seen by that differentfrom the author; Mattfeld presumes it is not A. lorentzii; probably the type

specimen was destroyed). few thick Erect herbs, 15—175 cm tall; one or 4—8 mm stems together, (often much) with whitish with scattered branched or not branched, creeping stems, densely lanate,

short hairs the hairs and covered lower of fairly glandular among woolly by them; part leafless internodes (leaves dropped); 3—10 mm long. Leaves dense, lanceolate,

truncate at the base, acute at the top; at both sides with a dense white, dingy-white, or pale brownish, woolly indumentum thinly interspersed with crispy articulate glandular

hairs; chartaceous; 2—7 cm long, 0.2—1.3 cm broad. Heads numerous in terminal, broad heads white- composed, dense, 1.5—13 cm corymbs; on 1—5 mm long densely

lanate peduncles, campanulate; involucre 6- or 7-seriate, 5 —6 mm long, phyllaries obtuse often with teeth the one-nerved, stramineous, or subacute, some in upper part, shining,

with outer ovate dingy-white or pale brownish, a hard basal central part, or ovate-oblong, 204 BLUMEA VOL. XX, No. I, 1972

achene inner oblong. Marginal flowers numerous; corolla 3 mm long; oblong, hirsute on

the hairs Disc corolla ribs, 0.75 mm long, pappus few, 3.5 mm long. flowers fairly many; the mm at the anthers caudate at base, subob- 3.5 long; style-arms truncate, papillose top; the achene hairs tuse at top; oblong, thinly pilose, nearly 0.5 mm long, pappus few, 3.5

mm long; receptacle flat. Distribution: New Guinea.

Collector s' annotations: (semi-) erect, growing in small clumps; phyllaries of flowers of disc flowers pale yellowish white, creamy; corolla marginal white, yellow.

Ecological notes: montane to subalpine (often wet or peaty) grasslands, sedge

bogs, landslides, shrubberies, forest edges, young secondary forests, rainforests, roadsides,

disturbed soil; on granite. Altitude: 1800—3750 m.

Remarks: Anaphalis lorentzii resembles A. maxima (OK.) Steen. However, A. auriculate maxima has oblong or oblong-lanceolate leaves, broadly truncate, nearly at subtomentose the side with the base, long-attenuate at the top, at upper fairly long

crispy articulate glandular hairs and rare woolly hairs.

a. forma lorentzii

cm wide Leaves 2 —7 long, 0.3—1.3 cm broad; corymbs 2 —13 cm

Dist.: Armit Mt NEW GUINEA. East. Milne Bay GoodenoughI., 1895, s.n. (MEL); Simpson, summit,

Mt Brass 1947, Cruttwell J 4 (K); Dayman, 1953, 22243 (A, CANB, L, LAE), 22908 (A); Mt Maneo, near

— Brass summit, 1954, Cruttwell 554 (K). Central Dist.: Murray Pass, 1933—1969, 4200 (BO, BRI, GH),

— Morobe Rawlinson Foreman & Wardle NGF 45507 (L), Ridsdale NGF 36869 (L). Dist.: Ra., 1941,

Clemens 12370 (A, L); Salawaket Ra., 1937, Clemens 5650 (A); ibidem, Monarauwe, 1964, Hoogland 9725

— NGF (L); ibidem, Matap, 1940, Clemens 41169 (A). E. Highl. Dist.: Mt Piora, 1963, Flenty & Carlquist Brass 16571 (L); Mt Wilhelm, 1953—1968, van Balgooy 396 (L), Borgmann 17b (L), 29884, 30062, 30508 (CANB, L, NY), Hoogland & Pullen 5672 (BM, L, LAE), Millar NGF 14662(CANB, L), Philipson 3452 & (L), Robbins 697 (CANB, L, LAE), Sayers & Millar NGF 19873(L), Semple Rayner s.n. (L, MEL), Strei-

& Kairo NGF NGF Wade ANU Walker ANU 5058 mann 27714 (L), Vandenberg 35034 (L), 7440 (L), (L);

Goroka Subdist., Kanawyroka Cr., 1963, Millar & van Royen NGF 15982 (L); Goroka, I960, Vink NGF

Daulo McKee 1210 Mt Brass Mt common, 12428(L); Pass, 1954, (L, LAE); Otto, 1959, 31124 (US); Michael,

Collins — Dist.: Mt Robbins 1959. Brass & 31236(CANB, L). W. Highl. Hagen, 1957, 342 (CANB); Tomba, 661 1957, Robbins 246 (CANB, L, LAE), Saunders (BM, L, LAE); Kebaka, upper Kaugel R., Alipe Cr., Yahi & Schodde Yobobos 1962, Bowers 145 (CANB); Wabag Subdist., R. Valley, I960, Hoogland 6794 (L); & Walker grassland area, source of Lagaip R., I960, Hoogland Schodde 7508 (CANB); Sirunki, 1962, ANU

— of Ialibu Pullen 397 (L). S. Highl. Dist.: 4 m. N. patrol post near Maragl, not common, 1961, 2711 NGF (CANB); Mendi, 1967, Womersley & Woolliams 37054 (L); track to Mt Giluwe, 1968, Vandenberg

Gillison Kalkman — et al. NGF 39751 (L); Ibiwara, Tari Gap, 1966, NGF 25175 (L), 4611 (L). Madang Dist.;

Finisterre Saidor Lake NGF — West. Lake Habbema, Mts, Subdist., Naho, 1964, Sayers 21427 (L). occasional, 1938, Brass 9222 (A, L); Mt Wilhelmina,2 km E. of summit, 1938, Brass & Meyer-Drees 10115

Lorentz (A, L); Mt Wilhelmina, 1909, van Nouhuys 26 (U); Mt Hubrecht, 1909—1913, 1340 (type, BO, L),

18 Treub Pulle 1088 Mt van Nouhuys (U), Versteeg 1222, 2451 (BO, GH, L); Mts, 1913, (BO); Carstensz, Kloss Wissel rather 1913, s.n. (K); Lakes, Enarotali, 1939, Eyma 4343 (A, BO, L); ibidem, Kebo, common,

1960, Zieck BW 3287 (L). b. forma angustifolia Koster, nova forma Folia latus. angustiora, 3 —7 cm longa, 0.2—0.3 cm lata; corymbus angustus, 1.5—5 cm

Type: Brass 11522 (L).

West. Kostermans & Bele NEW GUINEA. Baliem Valley, near Wellesey, 1966, Soegeng 654a (L); R., of Lake Lake Brass 18 km NE. Habbema, 1938, Brass 11522 (L, type; A); Habbema, few, 1938, 9121 (A);

Mt Wilhelmina,N. slopes, Warmena R., sporadic, 1938, Brass & Meyer-Drees 10234 (A, L).

arfakensis 62 Bull. 4. Anaphalis Mattfeld, Bot. Jahrb. (1929) 429; van Steenis, Jard.

Bot. Btzg III, 13 (1934) 184; Kitamura, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 55 (1941) 346. Josephine Th. Koster: The Compositae of New Guinea 111 205

Herb, sometimes branched, slender, 50—70 cm tall, stems terete, 1.5—4 mm thick,

whitish internodes cm revolute, densely lanate, 0.5 —1.5 long. Leaves linear-lanceolate, the lanate acute at top, herbaceous, glabrous or nearly so above, dingy-whitish below, Heads dense —8 0.2 cm broad. in terminal corymbs, peduncles 3 cm long, —0.4 numerous,

mm involucre acuminate, 3—8 long; 5 mm long, phyllaries 4-seriate, oblong-lanceolate, lower somewhat acute, uni-nerved, membranous, inner ones glabrous, part brownish,

outer brownish, densely glandular, upper part dingy-whitish, phyllaries filiform, acute,

lanate. corolla mm achene whitish Marginal flowers numerous; 2.5 long; short, oblong,

Disc corolla mm hirsute, 0.75 mm long, pappus 3 mm long. flowers many; 3 long; style- achene in arms truncate, papillose; anthers obtuse at the top; and pappus as marginal flowers; receptacle flat.

Distribution: New Guinea.

NEW GUINEA. WEST. Arfak Mts, neat Hatam, 1875, Beccari s.n. (FI, type); eod., Anggi Lakes, Lake

& Hatusima Giji, Itay, 1940, Kanehira 13842 (BO).

Collectors' annotation: corolla white.

Altitude: Ecological notes: secondary forest. 1900 m. Remark: This species resembles A. longifolia (Bl.) DC. and A. contorta Hook. f. It differs from both species by its oblong-lanceolate, acute phyllaries. In A. longifolia these

obtuse in A. and obtuse. are ovate, or subobtuse, contorta they are oblong

7. GNAPHALIUM

Prodr. L., Sp. Pi. (1753) 850; Lessing, Syn. Gen. Comp. (1832) 328; DC., 6 (1837) 221; Benth. Pi. Fl. Benth., Fl. Austr. 3 (1866) 652; & Hook./, Gen. 2 (1873) 305; Hook./,

Ind. & Pfl. Fam. Koster in Backer Br. 3 (1881) 288; Hoffmann, E. P., Nat. 4, 5 (1894) 187; Zeal. & Bakh., Fl. Java 2 (1965) 393; Drury, N. J. Bot. 8 (1970) 222; 9 (1971) 157. Heads Whitish-lanate annual or perennial herbs. Leaves sessile, alternate, entire. small, involucre clustered, sessile or subsessile, many-flowered, heterogamous; oblong or cam- panulate, phyllaries imbricate, 3- or 4-seriate, rigid, membranous, mostly white, yellow

shorter. or brown, glossy, outer ones gradually Marginal flowers numerous, female; achene less corolla filiform-tubular, 3- or 4-dentate; style-arms filiform; more or 3- or 4- caducous. Disc angular, pappus hairs one-seriate, finely dentate, white, often flowers filiform bisexual; corolla tubular, 5-fid; anthers sagittate at the base, with basal appen- dages; style-arms short, truncate, achene and pappus as in marginal flowers; receptacle flat or basin-shaped, naked, alveolate. almost Distribution; about 200 species, cosmopolitan.

KEY TO THE SPECIES IN NEW GUINEA

Erect —80 heads in clusters 1 a. herbs, 5 cm tall; 2

b. Prostrate short herbs, forming mats, 1 —8.5 cm tall; heads single 4 of clusters ofheads without leaves the heads subsessile 2 a. Margins leaves not revolute; at base, or shortly pedunculate i» G. luteo-album

b. Margins of leaves revolute; clusters of heads with 2—8 leaves at the base, heads sessile . . 3 after leaves 3 a. Herbs with basal rosulate shoots and often with stolons; basal part of leaves remaining G. have decayed; disc flowers 3 —6 2. japonicum of after b. Herbs without basal rosulate shoots and without stolons; basal parts leaves not remaining

leaves have decayed; disc flowers 1 or 2 3- G. involucratum 206 BLUMEA VOL. XX, No. I, 1972

Leaves 6 4 a. linear,with revolute margins, subobtuse or subacute at the top; disc flowers or 7, receptacle in G. minute, 1 mm diam 4. breviscapum

b. Leaves not revolute at the acuminate and narrowly spathulate, slightly or margins, very shortly acute the disc flowers in diam G. brassii at top; 9—15, receptacle 2—3 mm 5.

luteo-album Pi. Fl I. Gnaphalium L., Sp. (1753) 851; Benth., Austr. 3 (1866) 653;

F. Descr. 6 Clarke, Comp. Ind. (1876) 114; v. M., Notes Papuan Pi. (1885) 11; Hillebrand,

Fl. Hawaiian Is (1888) 201; Moore, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 9 (1916) 85; Merrill, Enum.

Phil. Fl. Peebles et 3 (1923) 608; Gagnepain, Gén. I.-C. 3 (1924) 556; Kearney, al., Arizona Backer Fl. Fl. (1951) 888; Allen, Fl. N. Zeal. 1 (1961) 699; Koster in & Bakh., Java 2

Wilson in Fl. S. Austr. ed. (1965) 394; Eichler, Suppl. Black, 2 (1965) 315. Distribution: Europe, Madeira, Canary Is, Africa, Asia Minor, India, Thailand,

Indo-China, China, Japan, Formosa, Malesia, Australia, New Caledonia, New Zealand, and ofthe Old adventive HawaiianIs.; in warm temperateregions World, in N. America

(acc. to Kearney, Peebles et al., I.e.).

var. luteo-album

tall, somewhatbranched the stem Herbs, erect, 5 —80 cm in upperpart, terete, 1.5—2 mm whitish lanceolate lanceo- thick, appressed felty-lanate (hairs long). Leaves (upper ones) or

late-spathulate or spathulate (lower ones), somewhat broadened and truncate at the base,

the acute or obtuse at top, uni-nerved, thinly appressed whitish felty-lanate above,

broad. in and densely so below, chartaceous, I—5.5 cm long, 0.1—0.5 cm Heads terminal often in a few lower clusters, without leaves at the base, subsessile or shortly pedunculate, involucre oblong-campanulate; 3 —4 mm long, phyllaries pale brown, rounded, obtuse,

inner or acute, often fringed at the top, outer ones ovate, ones oblong. Marginal flowers:

corolla achene mm 2—2.5 mm long; oblong, brown, glabrous, 0.5 long, pappus 2 mm in long. Disc flowers 4 —7, rarely 10; corolla 2—2.5 mm long; achene and pappus as marginal flowers; receptacle minute, somewhat basin-shaped.

NEW East. — West. GUINEA. Central Dist.: near Port Moresby, Lawes{fide F. v. M., l.c.). Utakwa

R. to Mt Carstensz, 1913, Kloss s.n. (BM, K).

Fl. 62 2. Gnaphalium japonicum Thunb., Jap. (1784) 311; Mattfeld, Bot. Jahrb. (1929) Kitamura, Mem. Coll. Sc. Kyoto Univ. B, Fl. 403, 498, p.p.; Imp. 13 (1937) 219; Allen, Zeal, Backer & Fl. Fl. N. i (1961) 700; Koster in Bakh., Java 2 (1965) 394; Ohwi, Jap.

(1965) 858; Wilson in Eichler, Suppl. Black, Fl. S. Austr. ed 2 (1965) 313. with and Herbs, erect, more or less caespitose, 13—45 cm tall, basal rosulate shoots with often with short or long stolons; stem unbranchedor few branches in the upper part,

terete, whitish arachnoid-lanate, I—2 mm thick. Leaves linear-lanceolate (upper ones) linear-oblanceolate broadened and or (lower ones), truncate at the base, obtuse or min- and the whitish arachnoid- utely acuminate acute at top, chartaceous, uni-nerved, thinly

lanate (afterwards glabrous) above, densely so below, with revolute margins, 1—xi cm Heads long, 0.2—0.6 cm broad, basal part remaining after leaf decayed. sessile, 3—5 mm

in dense terminal cluster with few thick, many a single 12—20 mm thick, rarely (about 4)

smaller clusters the axils of the clusters with leaves at the in upper leaves, 2—5 base; arachnoid-lanate the involucre whitish at base, 6 mm long, phyllaries partly purplish,

partly greenish brown, oblong, truncate-obtuse or obtuse, often fringed at the margin, the corolla achene rigid in upper part, glabrous. Marginal flowers: 3.5 mm long; ellipsoid-

hairs —6 oblong, sparsely papillose, nearly I mm long, pappus 4 mm long. Disc flowers 3 corolla achene and in (mostly 4); 3.5 mm long; (often empty) pappus as marginal flowers; receptacle flat. Koster: New Josephine Th. The Compositae of Guinea 111 207

Distribution: China, Korea, Japan, Ruykyus, Formosa, New Guinea, Australia,

New Caledonia, New Zealand.

NEW GUINEA. East. Milne Bay Dist.: Mt Maneo, 1956, Cruttwell 736 (K, LAE); Mt Dayman, occa-

Brass Dist.: Mt Brass sional, 1953, 22547 (A, L, LAE). — Central Albert Edward, SW. slopes, rare, 1933,

436s (BRI, NY, SH). — E. Highl. Dist.: Mt Wilhelm, 1959—1965, van Balgooy 213 (L), Borgmann 20 (L),

Brass Mt Brass & Collins Mt Brass & 30071 (L); Otto, sporadic, 1959, 31002 (L); Michael, common, 1939,

— W. Mt N. Schodde — Collins 31249 (L, NY). Highl. Dist.: Sugarloaf, slope, I960, Hoogland & 7159 (L). S. Dist.: Mt W. Schodde Mt 1966, Vink Highl. Giluwe, summit, 1961, 1964 (L); Ambua, scattered, 17409

(L). — West. Lake Habbema, 1938, Brass 9120 (A, L); Mt Carstensz, Carstenszweide, 1936, Wissel 163 (BO).

Collectors' annotation: florets brown.

Ecological notes: montane to alpine, wet or dry grasslands; along tracks; old native camps. Altitude: 2240—3680 m.

Fl. Prodr. 3. Gnaphalium involucratum Forst./!, Ins. Austr. (1786) 55, n. 291; Matt- Fl. Zeal. Stud. feld, Bot. Jahrb. 62 (1929) 430, 498, p.p.; Allen, N. I (1961) 700; Curtis, Koster in Backer ni Fl. Tasm. 2 (1963) 318; & Bakh., Fl. Java 2 (1965) 394; Wilson Fl. ed. Fl. Eichler, Suppl. Black, S. Austr. 2 (1965) 313; Burbidge & Gray, Austr., Cap.

Terr. (1970) 388. much branched Herb, erect, simple or bushy, 10—80 cm tall, stems rigid, 1—8, simple or

the or much branched to in the basal in upper part sparsely or (up 10 branches) part, white internodes 0.5—5 mm thick, appressed felty-lanate (hairs long), 1—3 cm long.

Leaves often crowded, lanceolate, broadened and truncate at the base, at first rounded,

and acute at the linear finally shortly acuminate top, upper ones or linear-lanceolate, all white acute, chartaceous, uni-nerved, thinly appressed felty-lanate above, densely so broad. Clusters heads below, margins revolute, 1—7.5 cm long, 0.1—0.8 cm of single in the to numerous, terminal or axillary, often on short or long (1—10 cm) branches,

of the with leaves at the heads higher part stem, 8—18 mm thick, 3 —8 base; sessile,

I—1.5 mm thick, involucre 5 mm long, phyllaries oblong, pale brown, often partly rounded obtuse obtuse rounded purplish, inner ones or or with two or teeth, somewhat fringed at the margin, outer ones obtuse or subacute. Marginal flowers: corolla 2.5 mm long; achene oblong, brown, sparsely papillose, nearly I mm long, pappus 2.5—3 mm long. Disc flowers mostly I, sometimes 2; corolla 2.5 mm long; achene and pappus as in marginal flowers; receptacle minute, somewhat basin-shaped. Distribution: Japan, Malesia, Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, Hawaiian Is.

NEW GUINEA. Mt — Dist.: East. Northern Dist.: Aniata, 1959, Cruttwell 105S (K). Central Wharton

Ra., W. slope, Avios, track Samarai—Murray Pass, 196S, vanRoyen NGF 30127 (L); Mt Tafa, a few plants,

Brass — Morobe Dist.: Edie Creek above NGF 1933, 4925 (NY). Rd, Wau, 1963, van Royen 16309 (L);

Lae Subdist., Gevak-Misok village, I960, Gillison 13 (BRI); Sattelberg, Sambanga, 1937, Clemens 6925a

(A); Ogeramnang, 1936, Clemens 4478 (A); below Tobou, 1936, Clemens 4439 (A); Cromwell Mts, Mannasat, E. 1964, Hoogland 9427 (L); Wantoat, 1940, Clemens 10960(A). — Highl. Dist.: Aiyura, slope behind Agr.

Bena 861 Stat., 19S4, van Royen 4458 (L); Lower Bena R., 1957, Robbins (A, BM, CANB, L, LAE); near

& Kerigomna camp, fairly common, 1956, Hoogland Pullen 5511 (A, BM, BRI, CANB, L, LAE); Chimbu Mt Wilhelm, (L), Brass valley, Pombomere, I960, Borgmann 373 (L); 1957—1966, van Balgooy 509 30289

McVean & Wade ANU Pullen — W. (L, NY), 30640 (L), 7135 (L), 355 (BM, CANB, L, LAE). Highl.

Dist.: Waghi-JimmyDivide, Warapiri R., N. of Nondugl, scattered, 1963, van Royen NGF 18294 (BRI,

L); Wabag Subdist., near Yogos, lower Tale R., I960, Hoogland & Schodde 6707 (CANB); Lai valley,

8 W. of Robbins NE. of Putidi Walker ANU m. Wabag, I960, 3047(CANB); Sirunki, slopes Hill, 1962, 465

Lake NGF ANU Yobobos (L); Iviva, 1962, Womersley 15293 (L), 1965, Flenley 2505 (L); grassland area, of Schodde of Eichler source Lagaip R., I960, Hoogland & 7456 (L); top Lagap-KandepDivide, 1965, 18271 BLUMEA VOL. No. 208 XX, I, 1972

— S. (L). Highl. Dist.: Tari Subdist., Ibiwara, very local, Kalkman 4658 (L). — West. Baliem R., 1938,

Brass Leeuwen MAKI 18 Swart 11727 (A, L); eod., Maki, 1958, van (L); valley, Kadubaka, 1958, Bergman

450 (S); Wissel Lakes, Enarotali, foot of Boebeiro, 1939, Eyma 4378 (A, BO, BRI, L).

Collectors' annotations: to m leaves dark annual, up 1.20 tall; green above; flowers (yellowish) brown, brownish, yellow.

Ecological notes: montane to subalpine dry or peaty grasslands; wet mixed

vegetation including Phragmites; (Pandanus-)maish; old gardens; on bare ground of landslides and loam. Altitude: along gullies; roadsides; on 1175—-3575 m.

4. Gnaphalium breviscapum Mattfeld, Bot. Jahrb. 68 (1937) 264. — G. clemensiae

Mattfeld, Bot. Jahrb. 70 (1940) 475.

Short herb I—8.5 cm tall, forming mats, with stolons, stems 0.5—1 mm thick. Leaves

rosulate at the base or on top of prostrate, filiform, angular, glabrous stolons bearing basal of parts decayed leaves. Leaves appressed, linear, canaliculate, uni-nerved, with revolute margins, somewhat broadened at the base, subobtuse or subacute at the top,

chartaceous, thinly whitish felty-lanate (afterwards glabrous) above, densely so below,

cm broad. Heads the of whitish 0.5 —2 cm long, 0.05 —0.1 solitary at top leafy, felty-

lanate, erect, terete, 0.5—8 cm long stems; involucre oblong-campanulate, 6 —8 mm

mentions for G. long (Mattfeld 8 —10 mm clemensiae), phyllaries oblong, acute, light whitish corolla brown, outer arachnoid, inner ones glabrous. Marginal flowers: 4 mm long; achene oblong-ellipsoid, shortly pilose, light brown, nearly 1 mm long, pappus 4.5 —5

mm long. Disc flowers 6 or 7; corolla 4 mm long; achene cylindrical, thinly minutely often like that of somewhat pilose, empty, pappus marginal flowers; receptacle minute,

basin-shaped, 1 mm in diam.

Distribution: New Guinea.

NEW GUINEA. East. Central Dist.: Mt Albert — Edward, common, 1933, Brass 4343 (BRI, GH, type). Morobe Salawaket Dist.: Ra., 1937, Clemens 540g (A, type of G. clemensiae Mattf.); Mt Bangeta, summit,

1963, van Royen NGF 20027 (L); Matap, 1940, Clemens 41153(A). —E. Highl. Dist.:Mt Michael, common, Brass & Collins Mt Wilhelm, 1959, 31206 (L); 1957—1966, van Balgooy 78, 116, 237, 353, 354, 570, 805

(L), Borgmann 81 (L), Brass 30160 (L, NY), McVean & Wade ANU 7206 (L), Robbins 1280 (CANB), van

— W. Kubor Mt Royen NGF 16004 (L). Highl. Dist.: Ra., Kinkain, rather common, 1963, Vink 16208

— S. Schodde Coode at. (L). Highl. Dist.: Mt Giluwe, W. summit, 1961, 1947 (L); eod., E. slopes, 1969, et

— Brass NGF 40223, 40275 (L). West. Mt Wilhelmina, 2 km E. of summit, common, 1938, & Meyer-

Drees 10216 (A, L); Lake Habbema, 1938, Brass go25, 9587 (A, L).

Collector s' annotations: solitary or growing in large patches, rosettes dull first forming mats; leaves green above; flowering stems at erect, becoming curved-

over in fruit; flowers yellowish, light yellow, white.

wet often Ecological notes: to dry, stony, subalpine to alpine grasslands; bare (rocky) soil; open bogs; survives regular trampling; on peat, on slate. Altitude:

3225—4350 m.

5. Gnaphalium brassii Mattfeld, Bot. Jahrb. 68 (1937) 265. Short herbs rosulate base of 1—5 cm tall, forming mats. Leaves at the or on top pros- thick stolons basal of trate, filiform, angular, glabrous, 0.5—1 mm bearing parts decayed leaves. Leaves appressed, narrowly spathulate, somewhat canaliculate, uni-nerved,

revolute somewhat the slightly or not at the margins, broadened at base, very shortly the both afterwards acuminate at top, chartaceous, densely whitish felty-lanate at sides,

glabrous broad. Heads at the above, 0.5—2.5 cm long, 0.3—0.5 cm solitary, terminal, Josephine Th. Kosteh: The Compositae of New Guinea 111 209

2. habit, 2 — b. X 2 Fig. a. Gnaphalium breviscapum, x (Brass 4345). Gnaphaliumbrassii, habit, (Brass 4401).

of involucre top leafy i—4 cm long stems, or subsessile; campanulate, 9 —10 mm long,

phyllaries oblong, acute, light brown, outer ones whitish arachnoid, inner ones glabrous.

Marginal flowers: corolla 5 mm long; achene oblong-ellipsoid, glabrous, nearly 1 mm corolla long, light brown, thinly minutely pilose, pappus 6 mm long. Disc flowers 9—15;

mm achene like that of often mm 4—5 long; marginal flowers, empty, pappus 6 long; receptacle more or less flat, 2—3 mm in diam.

Distribution: New Guinea.

NEW GUINEA. East. Milne Bay Dist.: Mt Ganaina, 1962, Cruttwell 1286 (L); Mt Maneo, summit, E.

Cruttwell — Northern Dist.: Mt Cruttwell — Central Dist.: side, 1956, 778 (K). Aniata, 1959, 1042 (K). Wharton track Ra., W. slope, Avios—Murray Pass, 1965, van Royen NGF 20469 (L); Murray Pass, 1933,

Brass NGF Mt 4673 (BRI, GH, NY); eod., Tsjidibombo, 1965, van Royen 30121 (L); Albert Edward, 1933,

Brass 4401 (BRI, type; GH).

annotation: in Collectors' prostrate in dense grey masses, large patches, corolla of flowers forming extensive mats; phyllaries pale green; marginal straw-coloured, florets pale yellow, yellowish, white, pink.

Ecological notes: (open) grasslands, bare ground of wet grassland; rocky

slope; dry roadsides. Altitude: 2790—3680 m. described Remark: Mattfeld, Bot. Jahrb. 70 (1940) 473, a species of Raoulia Hook,

for New Guinea: R. from Mt Clemens chiliastra, Saruwaged, 3750—4000 m alt., 1937,

10 Both specimens have been in Berlin. No of this 5898, 59 - destroyed specimens species have been the author. Mattfeld indicated that clear differences be seen by present no can this he he found between the genera Gnaphalium and Raoulia. For reason, as remarked,

could have named this species as Gnaphalium chiliastrum as well. Most species of Raoulia few Fl. Zeal. occur in New Zealand, very in Tasmania. According to Allan, N. 1 (1961) Raoulia Guinea. the Kew 701, a few species of have been described from New In Index,

however, only R. chiliastra is enumerated from New Guinea.

209 210 BLUMEA VOL. XX, No. i, 1972

8. PLUCHEA

Cass., Bull. Sc. Soc. Philom. Paris (1817) 31; Diet. Sc. Nat. 42 (1826) 1; Lessing, Syn.

Benth. Pi. & Gen. Comp. (1832) 207; & Hook./, Gen. 2 (1873) 290; Hoffmann, E. P., Fl. Nat. Pfl. Fam. 4, 5 (1894) 176; Koster in Backer & Bakh., Java 2 (1965) 390.

Shrubs, subshrubs, or rarely perennial herbs. Leaves alternate. Heads corymbose or rarely solitary and terminal, usually small, heterogamous; involucre ovoid, campanulate, few- or hemispherical, phyllaries imbricate, or many-seriate, outer gradually shorter,

ovate or lanceolate, herbaceous or membranous. Marginal flowers numerous, many-

seriate, female; corolla tubular-filiform, shortly 3- or 4-dentate; style-arms exserted, achenes hairs scabrid. thin; small, angular, pappus setaceous, uni-seriate, thin, Disc flowers few, masculine; corolla infundibuliform, with a 5-lobed limb; anthers sagitate, caudate, with either side the obtuse undivided acute appendages on at base, at the apex; style or achenes often naked. shortly bifid; rudimentary, pappus setaceous; receptacle flat,

Distribution: about 70 species, mainly in S. and C. America, further in N.

America, tropical Africa, Canary Is, S. Asia, Australia.

I. Pluchea indica 6 Prodr. Fl. (L.) Less., Linnaea (1831) 150; DC., 5 (1836) 451; Benth., Ind. Hook. Fl. Ind. Austr. 3 (1866) 527; Clarke, Comp. (1876) 93; /, Br. 3 (1881) 272; Handl. Bull. Ind. Neerl. Boerl., 2 (1891) 239; Valeton, Dep. Agr. 10 (1907) 69; White, Phil. Fl. Mai. Proc. R. Soc. Queensl. 34 (1922) 60; Merrill, En. 3 (1923) 606; Ridley, Pen.

2 (1923) Fl. Gen. I.-C. Mattfeld, 194; Gagnepain, 3 (1924) 522; Bot. Jahrb. 62 (1929) 425; Fl. fam. Craib Fl. Degener, Hawaii. 3 (1934) 344, ill.; in Kerr, Siam. 2, 3 (1936) 266;

Backer & Fl. — Baccharis indica Pi. ed. Koster in Bakh., Java 2 (1965) 391. L., Sp. 2

(1763) 1205. and Shrub, stem branches ribbed, finely shortly crispy-hairy, stem 7—10 mm thick.

the Leaves very shortly petiolate or sessile, obovate, attenuate to base, acute or mucronate the serrate-dentate for the at apex, acutely except entire basal part, subglabrous, obscurely

both cm broad. terminal or glandular at surfaces, 2.5—9 long, 1—5.5 cm Corymbs

axillary, more or less dense, 2.5 —12.5 cm wide, branches obliquely patent; heads pedun- culate or subsessile, narrowly cylindric; involucre c. 4 mm long, phyllaries 6- or 7-

seriate, obtuse, outer ovate, herbaceous, finely crispy-hairy, persistent, inner lanceolate, scarious, ciliate at the apex, falling off together with the ripe achenes. Marginal flowers: corolla far achenes 3—3.5 mm long; style-arms exserted, acute; nearly turbinate, brown with pale ribs, glabrous, c. 1 mm long, pappus white, 3 —3.5 mm long. Disc flowers 2 —6; corolla c. 4 mm long; finally anthers and style-arms exserted; achenes rudimentary, pappus as in marginal flowers; receptacle glabrous.

Distribution: India, Thailand, Indo-China, S. China, Japan, Malesia, N.

Australia, Hawaiian Is, Christmas I., Eniwetok.

NEW East. GUINEA. Milne Bay Dist.: Cape Vogel Pen., near Tapio, locally common, 1954, Hoogland

— Domara Brass 4282 (A, BRI, CANB, K, L, LAE). Central Dist.: R., bank, 1926, 1593 (A, BRI, K); Kapa Brass Kapa, 1925, 807 (A, BRI, K); s m. N. of Kapa Kapa, 1962, Schodde 2731 (A, BO, BRI, CANB, K,

toKaili, L, LAE); Kapa MacGregor s.n. (MEL); Tupuselei, 1962, Pullen 3290 (CANB); Bootless Inlet, 1962, Port Pullen 3231 (CANB); Moresby, Goldie s.n. (MEL), 1918, White 114 (BRI); Rouku, Porebada Rd near

Waigani Junction, 1969, Pulsford UPNG 163 (L); Kanosia, 1935, Carr 11011 (CANB, BM, L, NY); near SE. Lea, l m. of Papa, 1962, Schodde 2685 (A, BRI, CANB, K, L, LAE); between Roger's Airstrip and

Manu E. Manu, 1962, Pullen 3498 (CANB, LAE); if m. ofDelena, common, 1962, Darbyshire 794 (A, BO,

CANB, — Gulf Dist.: Malalaua wharf mouth of Schodde — BRI, K, L). R., near Tauri R., 1966, 4511 (L).

WesternDist.: Brass 6216 DaruL, abundant, 1936, (A,BO, BRI, L); near Dutch boundary, 1890, MacGregor s.n. (MEL); mouth of Bensbach R., 1967, Ridsdale & Galore NGF 33633 (L, LAE). — Papua. Vatorata,

Turner s.n. (BRI). — West. Merauke, 1904—1956, Koch s.n. (L), McKee 1686 (L, LAE), van der Sijde Josephine Th. Koster: The Composilae of New Guinea HI 211

Anta BW 4008 (CANB, L), Versteeg 1843 (BO, K, L, U); nearMerauke R., Windou, 1941, 143 (BO, K, L); New S. and SW. Guinea, Zippelius s.n. (L).

Without locality: 1880, Chalmers s.n. (MEL); Reedy s.n. (MEL).

Collector s' annotations: small tree, erect to ascending, often much

branched m leaves at both large leafy gregarious shrub, 1.5—3 tall; (dull) light green surfaces, aromatic; corolla (pale) purple, purple-pink, pink-white, pink, lavender tinge,

light mauve, or white; stamens deep-lilac.

tidal inner Ecological notes: beaches, flats, mangroves, edges of mangrove,

Melaleuca — coastal sand-dune scrub, brackish swamp forest, savannah swamp monsoon

forest ecotone, grasslands (sometimes inundated), ditch- and riverbanks, roadsides and old garden sites in open savannah grasslands. Altitude: o—20 m.

9. BLUMEA

DC. in Guill., Arch. Bot. 2 (1833) nom. Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pi. 2 514, cons.; , (1873) Handl. Pfl. 289; Boerl., 2 (1891) 237; Hoffmann, E. & P., Nat. Fam. 4, 5 (1894) 175;

Randeria, Blumea 10 (i960) 205; Koster in Backer & Bakh., Fl. Java 2 (1965) 387. Leaves Herbs or undershrubs. alternate, penninerved. Heads mostly numerous, hetero-

gamous, many-flowered, in terminal or axillary panicles or solitary; involucre campanu-

late, phyllaries few- to many-seriate, imbricate, acute, outer gradually shorter, inner

scarious. Marginal flowers numerous, many-seriate, female; corolla filiform-tubular,

shortly 3-lobed; style exserted, arms linear or filiform, more or less flat, obtuse, papillose; achene small, oblong, more or less angular or subterete, ribbed, hairy, with an obhque white basal hairs cartilaginous ring, pappus setaceous, in one row, thin, finely ciliate, often caducous. Disc flowers bisexual; corolla infundibuliform-tubular, 5-lobed, lobes caudate deltoid, acute; anthers sagittate, finely at the base, with acuminate auricles, with achene like anobtuse apical appendage; and pappus those of marginal flowers; receptacle more or less flat or slightly convex, naked, alveolate.

Distribution: about 100 (or less) species in Africa, Madagascar, Iran, Afghanistan,

India, Ceylon, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, China, Formosa, Malesia, Solomon Is, N. Aus- tralia, New Caledonia, New Hebrides, Fiji Is.

KEY TO THE SPECIES IN NEW GUINEA

1 a. Climbing; outmost phyllaries firm, ovate, concave I. B. riparia

b. Erect; outmost phyllaries herbaceous, linear-lanceolate or lanceolate 2

2 a. Leaves elliptic or oblong, coarsely dentate, often runcinate; petiole with 1 —4 pairs of appendages

2. B. junghuhniana

Leaves b. variously shaped; petiole without appendages 3 of leaves covered with underside of and 3 a. Upperside densely glandularhairs; leaves, stem, peduncles

covered with a soft tawny-greyish woolly tomentum composed of long somewhat undulate hairs; linear-lanceolate phyllaries 3. B. arnakidophora b. Upperside of leaves pubescent, scabrid, or glabrous, often glandular; underside variously pilose or

subglabrous, often minutely glandular; phyllaries variously shaped 4

4 a. Branches elongated; higher leaves semiamplexicaul; heads single or few in thin inflorescences . .

4. B. tenella

b. Branches not obviously elongated; higher leaves sessile or petiolate; heads single to numerous 5 Leaves 5 a. oblanceolate, obovate-oblong, or lanceolate, remotely dentate or subentire; inflorescences

thin, composed of one or few heads, branches diffuse 5. B. saxatilis Leaves b. variously shaped; inflorescences composed of numerous heads 6

6 Leaves B. a. lanceolate, attenuateat both ends; involucre 4- or 5-seriate 6. stenophylla

b. Leaves variously shaped but not lanceolate; involucre 5—8-seriate 7 212 BLUMEA VOL. XX, No. I, 1972

7 a. Stem, dark purplish brown; leaves subcoriaceous, dark-coloured when dry; panicles pyramidal;

involucre mm B. 9—10 long, purplish 7. papuana Stem b. pale or dark-coloured;leaves submembranous or chartaceous; panicles not obviously pyramidal;

involucre 4—10 mm long, not purplish 8

8. B. 8 a. Involucre 8-seriate; phyllaries elliptic-lanceolate arfakiana

b. Involucre 5- or 6-seriate; phyllaries linear-lanceolate or oblanceolate 9

Leaves entire in 9 a. finely remotely dentate, the lower part; panicles ample, often leafy (to 45 cm long B. and 25 cm wide) 9. sylvatica b. Leaves coarsely (or rarely finely) dentate-serrate, often runcinate; panicles elongate, branches often heads less clustered the B. lacera thyrsoid, more or at apex 10.

Blumea Prodr. Handl. I. riparia (Bl.) DC., 5 (1836) 444; Boerl., 2 (1891) 239; Kitamura,

Bot. Mag. Tokyo 55 (1941) 346; Koster, Blumea 6 (1948) 265; Randeria, Blumea 10

Backer Fl. — (i960) 213; Koster in & Bakh., Java 2 (1965) 387. Conyza riparia Bl., Bijdr.

non Fl. Ind. — Blumea (1826) 899, nom. illeg., H.B.K. (1820); Miq., Bat. 2 (1836) 51. semivestita DC., Prodr. 5 (1836) 44s, p.p.; Koster, Blumea 6 (1948) 265. — Blumea pubigera Phil. excl. Fl. (L.) Merrill, J. Sc. 14 (1919) 250, basionym Conyza pubigera L. fide Craib,

62 18 Siam. 2 (1936) 262; Mattfeld, Bot. Jahrb. (1929) 421; Flu, Quart. J. Taiwan Mus.

(1965) 328.

Climbing herb or undershrub, branched, stem glabrous or scabrid, ribbed, rigid,

often purpbsh brown, 2—4 mm thick, branches oblique, long, ribbed, purplish brown, scabrid. —8 Leaves 0.5 mm petiolate, (sometimes broad) elliptic or oblong, long (sometimes and curved short) acutely acuminate, sometimes somewhat in the upper part, rounded, subacute or shortly acute at the base, dentate, scabrid or subglabrous, somewhat glossy above, shortly sparsely pilose below, chartaceous, 2 —12 cm long, 1—5 cm broad, teeth deltoid subaculeate. Panicles and 5 —10 mm distant, short, or axillary terminal, 3 —30 cm long, on 2—6 cm long peduncles, with minuteleaflike bracts at the base of the branches;

minute invo- heads on 3—14 mm long, slender peduncles often bearing one linear bract; lucre 6—8 mm long, innerphyllaries linear-lanceolate, acute, uninerved, whitish pilose in the outmost much upper part (hairs fairly long), smaller, firm, ovate, concave, obtuse, whitish pilose (hairs fairy long). Marginal flowers: corolla 4 mm long; style-arms much exserted; achene subterete, prominently ribbed, 1 mm long, sparsely pilose, pappus

corolla with white hairs at dingy-white, 5 mm long. Disc flowers 5 —8; 5 mm long, long obtuse achene and the top, lobes deltoid, and shortly papillose at the apex; style exserted; the pappus like those of marginal flowers; receptacle more or less densely pilose around pits, hairs white, long, erect, somewhat flexuous. Distribution: India, Thailand, Vietnam, China, Ryukyu Is, Formosa, Malesia,

Solomon Is, New Caledonia, New Hebrides.

Remark: As the name Blumea riparia (Bl.) DC. is based on a later homonym, it is illegitimate. The present author had not the opportunity to seek out the legitimate name as not all taxonomic synonyms have been studied.

a. forma riparia the Leaves oblong or elliptic, rounded, subacute, or shortly acute at base, shortly or the long-acuminate at apex. the Distribution: as species.

NEW GUINEA. East. W. C. New Britain: Nakanai, Malalai, near Hoskins, 1954, Floyd NGF 6604 (A,

Talasea Mt extinct and BO, BRI, CANB, L, LAE); Subdist., Lollo, volcano, upper slopes top, 1959,

White NGF 10849(L, LAE). — Milne Bay Dist.: Misima L, Narian, 1956, Brass 27649 (K, L, LAE); Fer-

Brass Brass gusson I., Saibutu, 1956, 25944 (A, K, L, LAE); Menapi, Cape Vogel Pen., 1953, 21751 (A, L, Josephine Th. Koster: The Compositae of New Guinea 111 213

LAE); Gwariu R., Biniguni Camp, 1953, Brass 23689 (A, L). — Northern Dist.; Mt Lamington, 1933,

— Central Dist.: Can Port Hoogland 3339 (A, BM, CANB, LAE). Koitaki, 1935, 11936 (BM, L); Moresby, 11682 1882, Lawes s.n. (MEL), 1884, Lawes s.n. (MEL, L); Veiya, 1935, Can (BM, L). — Morobe Dist.:

Wau, McAdam Park, 1962, Millar NGF 14573 (L); Oomsis, 1959, Brass 29272 (L); Finschhafen, 1945,

Sawyer 233 (L, UC); Sattelberg, 1889, Warburg 21404 (A, det. B. chinensis var. villosa by Warburg), 1935,

Clemens 1037 (L); Heldsbach, 1936, Clemens 3210a (A, Z); Boana, 1940, Clemens 41456(A); Wantoat, 1940,

Clemens bis — GulfDist.: between Iokea and Clemens 40909 (A); Kajabit Mission, 1939, 10865 (A). Apinaipi,

Brown C. Brass — S. Dist.: 1954, 359 (A); Cupola, 1926, 1363 (GH, P). Highl. Tage, Lake Kutubu, 1961,

Schodde 2146 (L); Tari Subdist., Tigibi, 1966, Vink 16841 (L). — Madang Dist.: Konstantinhafen, 1887,

Hollrung 590 (BO, MEL); Josephstaal, 1958, White NGF 10319 (LAE). — Sepik Dist.: Angoram Subdist.,

Timbunke, 1959, Pullen 1741 (CANB); Wewak—Maprik Rd, Tarenginear Rapundogum, 1959, Robbins

Pr. Alexander of 2242 (CANB); Maprik Subdist., Ra., S. Mt Turu, near Ambakanja, 1959, Pullen 1615

(CANB); Aitape Subdist., between Marok and Siauti, 1961, Darbyshire & Hoogland 7925 (L); Wantipi

(on Bliri R.), 1961, Darbyshire & Hoogland 8246 (L); Sepik region, 1912—1913, Ledermann 8554 (K). —

SE. New SE. New Guinea: 1878, 1885, Chalmers s.n. (MEL); Islands near coast of Guinea, 1884, Armit 45

(MEL). — West. Hollandia Dist.: Bivak Hollandia, 1910, Gjellerup 313 (L); Swart valley, Kadubaka,

Nassau Docters Leeuwen — Southern 1958, Bergman 67 (S); Ra., 1926, van 10539 (BO, L). Dist.:j Iwoer R.,

with East Kalkman BW — Geelvink Mt near confluence Digoel R., 1959, 8544 (L). Bay Dist.: Japen L,

Hatusima — Wawah, 1939, Ael & Idjan 48 (L); Nabire, 1940, Kanehira & 11689 (BO). Vogelkop Pen.: Arfak Mts, Putat, 1872, Beccari 855 (FI); Momi, 1948, Kostermans 2603 (L); Klamono, S. of Sorong, 1948, Pleyte 609 (L).

Collectors' annotations: soft shrub, scrambler, straggling 1—5 m tall,

leaves fleshy; outer phyllaries green, innerones light greenish white; corolla (pale, greenish, ochre-, orange-) yellow, (greenish) white.

in and tall of Ecological notes: climbing trees, shrubs, grasses; edges primary

forest; secondary forests, garden regrowth, along tracks, along streams. Altitude: 0—2000 m.

b. forma angustifolia Koster, Blumea 4 (1941) 490; Randeria, Blumea 10 (i960) 215.

Upper leaves oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, shortly acute at the base, long attenuate the at apex. Distribution: Malesia.

NEW GUINEA. East. Milne Bay Dist.: Normanby I., Lebudowa R., 1956, Brass 25539 (A, L). — E.

— West. Highl. Dist.: Buglapu, i960, Borgmann 441 (L). Wandammen Bay, Job I., rather common, 1962, Schram BW 14988 (L).

Collectors' annotations: scrambling soft shrub, leaves fleshy; corolla

yellow.

Ecological notes: young secondary forest; gravelly river bank. Altitude:

40—1800 m.

Blumea 2. junghuhniana (Miq.) Boerl., Handl. 2 (1891) 239; Koster, Blumea 4 (1941)

in — 485; Randeria, Blumea 10 (i960) 235; Koster Backer & Bakh., Fl. Java 2 (1965) 388.

Pi. Fl. Ind. — Conyza junghuhniana Miq., Junghuhn. (1855) 449; Bat. 2 (1856) 55. Conyza

dasycoma Miq., o.c. 56. — Blumea dasycoma (Miq.) Boerl., I.e. afterwards Large herb, stem terete, light greyish silky tomentose, glabrous, 6—10 mm the thick. Leaves petiolate, elliptic or oblong, acute or subacute at base, acute at the apex, often different obtuse coarsely dentate, runcinate (teeth in length, 1—20 mm long, or acuminate and acute), chartaceous, shortly tomentose above, densely light greyish lanate

below, at both broad; minutely glandular surfaces, 6.5—25 cm long, 2—11.5 cm petiole smaller the with 0.5—4 cm long, in inflorescence, light greyish silky tomentose, provided of lanceolate 1—4 pairs appendages, 2 —15 mm long. Inflorescence terminal, ample, axis branches corymbose, 20—40 cm long, 15—30 cm wide, light greyish silky tomentose, 214 BLUMEA VOL. XX, No. I, 1972

the heads the halfof the patent,sometimes nearly perpendicular to axis; in upper branches, involucre peduncle dingy lanate, i—4 mm long; 9 mm long, phyllaries 5-seriate, linear,

finely acuminate, acute, outer densely, innerthinly pilose, hairs long, white, more or less undulate. corolla the Marginal flowers: 6.5 mm long, purplish (when dry) in upper part; achene style-arms flat, obtuse; linear, sparsely patently pilose, 1.5 mm long, pappus tawny, corolla the 6 mm long. Disc flowers 5; 12 mm long, purplish (when dry) in upper part, and lobes acute, glandular, with or without some rigid hairs; achene pappus like those of marginal flowers; receptacle fimbrilliferous, glabrous. Distribution: Malesia.

NEW GUINEA. West. Vogelkop Pen.: Ajamaroe region, Semoe, 1952, Brongersma 25 (L).

Remark: The description was prepared from Indonesian specimens, since the

known from New Guinea has heads. single specimen thusfar very young

Blumea 3. arnakidophora Mattfeld, Bot. Jahrb. 69 (1938) 286; Randeria, Blumea 10

— Blumea Mattfeld, 62 (i960) 232. densiflora auct., non DC.: Bot. Jahrb. (1929) 422. herb covered with soft Large or shrub, 1.1 m tall, stem 5 —12 mm thick, densely a hairs somewhat cells tawny-greyish woolly tomentum, long, undulate, many-celled,

long; internodes 1—12 cm long. Leaves sessile or subpetiolate, oblong, elliptic-oblong, both obtuse lanceolate-oblong, or rarely obovate-oblong, (often long-) tapering at ends, the or subacute at apex, indistinctly or clearly mucronulate-serrate-dentate, densely

covered with glandular hairs (tomentose on the nerves) above, densely covered with a

soft tawny-greyish woolly tomentum (composed of long, somewhat undulate hairs)

8 —8 the inflorescence smaller. Panicles below, —29 cm long, 1.5 cm broad, in terminal,

leafy, long, ample, 18—55 cm long, 8—15 cm wide; heads subsessile or shortly pedun-

culate, peduncle 2—10 mm long, densely tomentose like stem and underside of leaf; involucre 9—10 mm long, phyllaries linear-lanceolate, long-tapering, finely acuminate,

the more or less densely lanuginose (hairs long, appressed), ciliate at margin of the upper corolla much part. Marginal flowers: 5.5 mm long; style-arms filiform, obtuse, exserted; hairs achene prominently ribbed, 1 mm long, sparsely pilose, patent, pappus tawny,

lobes with few 5 —6 mm long. Disc flowers 7—18; corolla 5—6 mm long, glandular, a white hairs the much achene and on upper part; style-arms terete, fairly short, exserted; the pappus like those of marginal flowers; receptacle densely glandular around pits, with

few erect hairs.

Distribution: Borneo (Mt Kinabalu), New Guinea.

NEW GUINEA. East. Central Port Cart Dist.: near Moresby, 1884, Edelfeldt 42 (MEL); Boridi, 1935,

Mt — 12991,14536(BM,L); Tafa, abundant, 1933,Brass 4930 (A, BRI). Morobe Dist.: Edie Creek, relatively

Wau—Edie & NGF common, 1962, van Royen NGF 16046(CANB, L); Creek Rd, 1954, Womersley Floyd Clemens in Clemens 6247 (LAE); Sattelberg, 1937, 5241a (A; type, destroyed B); Samanzing, 1938, 8959

(A); Zatarl, SE. from Boana, 1963, van Royen & Millar NGF 15686(BRI, L); Finisterre Mts, 1880, Hellwig

298 (K, identified as B. densiflora by Mattfeld, 1929 I.e.). — E. Highl. Dist.: Asaro-Mairifutica Divide,

Mt Brass — Daulo Camp, 1957, Pullen 444 (BM, L, LAE); Wilhelm, 1959, 30502 (L), Borgmann 335 (L). W. km SE. Mt Highl. Dist.: Kubor Ra., Uinba, 1963, Vink 16537(L); near Wankl, 5 of Hagen Station, 1956,

& of the leaves much Hoogland Pullen 5809 (CANB, L; in part ofthis collection some of the teeth are bigger R. than the other ones); Birap Lake, Lai valley near Wabag, I960, Robbins 2903 (CANB); Poio, Yaki valley,

Schodde — I960, Hoogland & Schodde 6796 (CANB); Kepilam, Lagaip valley, I960, Hoogland & 7433 (L). Dist.: S. — Highl. Dist.: upper Kaugel valley, AlipeCr., Kebaka, 1962,Bowers 140(CANB). Sepik Telefomin,

— 18 NE. Subdist., Oksapmin, 1968, Henty et al. NGF41734 (L). West. Bele R., km of Lake Habbema, Lake plentiful, 1938, Brass 11081 (A, L); Wissel region, Dejatej, 1939, Eyma 5187 (BO); Arfak Mts, near

Minjambau, Mt Nerimbau, rather common, 1962, Koster BW 13867 (L). Josephine Th. Koster: The Compositae of New Guinea 111 215

annotations: Collectors' erect shrub or (woody) herb, often woody at the base, annual, single-stemmed or sparsely branched, I—2.25 m tall, stems densely in broad with when creamy woolly; leaves a rosette, a mint- or Artemisia-like smell corolla crushed; yellow, yellowish, green, or yellowish white with light green lobes. and Leaves used by native women for the first 'washing' ofnew bom babies as diaper and

toilet paper for babies. forest Ecological notes: grasslands, secondary vegetations (also on landslips),

in creek edges, open places forest; gardens, roadsides; (stony, rocky) banks. Altitude:

1300—2700 m.

4. Blumea tenella DC. in Wight, Contr. Bot. Ind. (1834) 13; DC. in Decaisne, Nouv. Prodr. Handl. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 3 (1834) 83; DC., 5 (1836) 433; Boerl., 2 (1891)

237; Randeria, Blumea 10 (i960) 289; Koster in Backer & Bakh., Fl. Java 2 (1965) 389. —

tenella Fl. Ind. — Conyza (DC.) Miq., Bat. 2 (1856) 40. Conyza humifusa Miq., o.c., 41. — Blumea Ind. Handl. humifusa (Miq.) Clarke, Comp. (1876) 72; Boerl., 2 (1891) 237;

Koster, Blumea 6 (1948) 265. Small small diffuse branched the lower or fairly herb, strongly in part, 13—40 cm tall,

stem somewhat grooved, (sub)glabrous, sparsely glandular, 1—4 mm thick, branches whitish internodes elongated, up to 40 cm long, thin, apices villous; I—5 cm long.

at Leaves sessile, truncate-rotundate the base, higher ones semiamplexicaul, lowest ones

gradually attenuate to the base, all membranous or chartaceous, ovate or ovate-oblong, and the or oblong, acute acuminate at apex, finely acutely dentate, thinly pilose or

less villous the cm glabrous above, more or (especially on nerves) below, 1.5—10 long, broad, linear. Heads thin inflorescences 0.3—2.5 cm highest ones smaller, few, single orin of heads in the axils of the composed 2 or 3 highest leaves, peduncles filiform, more or

less involucre 6 linear villous, 1.5—6 cm long; —9 mm long, phyllaries or lanceolate, filiform in the with dark central line with gradually attenuate, upper part, a glandular

hairs and a few long flexuous white hairs. Marginal flowers: corolla 3.5 mm long; achene

hairs subterete, 0.75 mm long, pilose, hairs rigid, appressed; pappus 4 mm long, very

white. Disc corolla achene and like those of fine, flowers c. 6; 4.5 mm long; pappus mar- somewhat fim- ginal flowers; receptacle flat, afterwards convex, glabrous, somewhat brillate.

Distribution: Malesia, Australia.

a. var. tenella

and branches less flaccid. Leaves Stem thin, more or 1.5—6 cm long, 0.3—1.5 cm broad. Involucre 6—7 mm long, phyllaries linear.

Distribution: Malesia, Australia.

NEW GUINEA. East. Western Dist.: Lake Daviumbu, Middle Fly R., 1936, Brass 7837 (BM, BO, L,

LAE). — West. Merauke, 1904, Koch s.n. (BO, L); Merauke Subdist., Koembe R., 10 km NE. of

Koembe, 1954, van Royen 4836 (L); Vogelkop Pen., Saban, 1941, Anta 265 (A, BO, L).

Collector s' annotations: leaves corolla white. yellowish green; yellow or

notes: outskirts of Trafania-forest. Ecological in grasslands, along swamp, in Altitude: 4—10 m.

b. var. luxurians Koster, var. nou.

Caulis rami Folia lata. Involucrum et rigidi. 1.5—10 cm longa, 0.5—2.5 cm 8—9 mm

longum, sqamae lanceolatae. BLUMEA VOL. XX, No. I, 1972 216

Robbins Type: 2430 (CANB).

Distribution: New Guinea.

NEW GUINEA. East. Sepik Dist.: Sepik R., Wewak—Angorum area, Palumbai village, 1959, Robbins

2450 (CANB).

Ecological note: in floating grass-swamp.

Blumea saxatilis Nat. N. I. 5. Zoll. & Mor., en Geneesk. Arch. 2 (1845) 243; Mattfeld, Blumea Bot. Jahrb. 62 (1929) 417; Kitamura, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 55 (1941) 344; Randeria,

Backer & Fl. — Blumea virens 10 (i960) 292; Roster in Bakh., Java 2 (1965) 389. Martelli,

Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. 15 (1883) 291 ([syn. fide Mattfeld, l.c.). mixed with Herbs, slender, 15—84 cm tall; stem thin, ribbed, sparsely pilose (hairs the glandular ones) or subglabrous, 1 mm thick, often many stems ascending from base; internodes lower sometimes subrosulate, oblanceolate 2 —17 cm long. Leaves sessile, ones

and the base attenuate- rounded- tapering to or obovate-oblong, upper ones lanceolate, or

truncate at the base, mucronulate, often more or less rounded at the top, remotely dentate deltoid and different (teeth fine, sometimes in length) or subentire, subcoriaceous, more with or less densely pubescent (hairs mixed glamdular ones) above, subglabrous or more less broad. or densely pubescent below, 1.5—10 cm long, 0.2—3 cm Inflorescence terminal, of few branches loose, thin, 6—10 cm long, composed one or heads, diffuse, slender,

pilose, often long, filiform, with short linear-lanceolate bracts at the base; heads pedun-

with small linear bract at the culate, peduncles filiform, pilose, 2—40 mm long, rarely a

6—8 base; involucre 4- or 5-seriate, mm long, phyllaries linear-lanceolate, tapering, acute, the scarious-margined, green and minutely pubescent in middle part, outer ones short, I achene mm long. Marginal flowers: corolla 5 mm long; style-arms filiform; 1—1.5 mm hairs corolla lobes long, pilose, pappus white, 4 mm long. Disc flowers c. 6; 5 mm long,

rounded at the achene and like those papillose; style-arms flattened, apex, papillose; pappus of marginal flowers; receptacle alveolate, glabrous.

Distribution: Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Malesia (Java, Lesser Sunda Is, Philip-

pines, New Guinea), Australia.

NEW GUINEA. East. Milne Bay Dist.: Sudest I., Joe Landing, 1956, Brass 27779 (L); Cape Vogel Pen.,

— Dist.: Carr Podago, 1954, Hoogland 4319 (CANB, LAE). Central Rouna, 1935, 12371 (BM, L); Kanosia,

1935, Carr 11310 (BM, L). — Morobe Dist.: Sattelberg, 1937, Clemens 8012a (A); Kajabit Mission, 1939, W. Mt Clemens 10903 (L), 40733 (A). — Highl. Dist.: Hagen Subdist., Pilike Kulu Swamp near Kondo,

8 — Brass m. S. of Tambul, 1969, Womersley NGF 43323 (L). Western Dist.: Wuroi, Oriomo R., 1934,

3832 (GH, NY); Arufi, Wassi Kussa R., 1968, Henty & Katik NGF 38717 (L); Lake Daviumbu, Middle

Brass Dist.: Ramu Schlechter Fly R., common, 1936, 7887 (A, BM, BO, L, LAE). Madang R., 1902, 13900

(BO, K). — West. Humboldt Bay, 1875, Beccari s.n. (FI); Merauke, 1907, Koch s.n. (BO, L); Waren,

60 S. of Kanehira & Hatusima m. Manokwari, very rare, 1940, 12937 (BO).

Collectors' annotations: leaves greyish; flowers (pale) yellow, yellowish,

white, or pinkish.

Ecological notes: (wet) grasslands, (open) savannah (with Melaleuca and

Acacia); dry Pteridium association; coconut grove. Altitude: 0—480 m.

Phil. 6. Blumea stenophylla Merrill, J. Sc. 29 (1926) 495; Mattfeld, Bot. Jahrb. 62

(1929) 417.

Herbs, stem thin, about 3 mm thick, subglabrous or shortly pubescent, obscurely both ribbed; internodes 1—2 cm long. Leaves 0—3 mm petiolate, lanceolate, attenuate at Josephine Th. Koster: The Compositae of New Guinea HI 217

both ends, very acute at the apex, finely remotely dentate, subcoriaceous, pilose at sides, broad. minutely glandular above, 3—8 cm long, 0.4—1 cm Inflorescences terminal, pani-

culate, fairly dense, narrow, short, axis densely greyish pilose; heads pedunculate, pedun- linear cles filiform, densely pilose, with 1 or 2 bracts, densely pilose below, sparsely so

involucre 8—xo linear- above, 3—12 mm long; 4- or 5-seriate, mm long, phyllaries middle lanceolate, tapering and acute, sparsely pilose, scarious, with a green line, this in inner corolla thin the ones, outer ones short, 1.5 mm long. Marginal flowers : 5.5 mm achene long; style-arms filiform; pubescent, 1.5 mm long, pappus hairs white, 5.5 mm lobes rounded long. Disc flowers c. 6; corolla 6 mm long, glandular; style-arms flattened,

at the apex, papillose; achene and pappus like those of marginal flowers; receptacle alveolate, glabrous.

Distribution: Philippines, New Guinea.

NEW GUINEA. EAST. Central Dist.: Budatobara, 1925, Brass 756 (BRI, GH). — Western Dist.: Strick-

land R., 1885, Bauerlen s.n. (MEL); branch of Fly R., 1885, Bauerlen 36 (MEL).

Collectors' annotation: 45—75 cm tall. savannah. Altitude: Ecological note: river banks; 90 m.

Remarks: Some differences are foundbetween Merrill's description of this species inflorescences and the New Guinea specimens. From Merrill's description the appear to involucre the the inflores- be loose and the only 5 —6 mm long, in New Guinea specimens involucre is in cence is fairly dense and the 8—10 mm long. However, several Philippine

— the author also Blumea specimens in the Rijksherbarium by present brought to steno-

the — the phylla on account of lanceolate leaves inflorescences are fairly dense and the available. involucre is about 8 mm long. No type specimen was

Blumea Linn. Bot Bot. 7. papuana S. Moore, Trans. Soc., 9 (1916) 84; Mattfeld,

62 Blumea Jahrb. (1929) 422; Randeria, 10 (i960) 217.

Tall branched or unbranched herb, stem dark purplish brown when dry, 4—9 mm

wide, ribbed, shortly pilose, glandular. Leaves 2—10 mm petiolate, elliptic or elliptic-

often the and acute at the oblong, acute, tapering at base, shordy acuminate apex, acutely

mucronulate-dentate (teeth acuminate), subcoriaceous, shortly appressed-pubescent at both sides, when dry dark coloured above, lighter coloured, minutely glandular below, smaller the inflorescence. Panicles 2.5—15 cm long, i—4.5 cm broad, in terminal, leafy,

ample, pyramidal with thyreoid, often long (up to 30 cm) branches, 10—50 cm long, heads clustered the of the sessile 5 —45 cm wide; solitary or in upper part branches, or

mm with a short linear involucre 6- or —10 mm on 2—3 long peduncles, bract; 7-seriate, 9

long, phyllaries lanceolate, tapering, acute, appressed-pubescent on the midrib and in the

ciliate the corolla 6 upper part, sparsely at margin. Marginal flowers: mm long; style- and arms fairly short; achene angular prominently ribbed, appressed-pubescent, 1 mm

6 white. long, often somewhat curved, pappus mm long, dingy Disc flowers 5 —8; corolla

achene those 6 mm long; and pappus like of marginal flowers; receptacle glandular, shortly pilose around the pits.

Distribution: New Guinea.

Milne Brass — Central NEW GUINEA. East. Bay Dist.: Mt Dayman, one specimen, 1953, 22871 (A).

Dist.: Iolo Creek, Lake Myola, 1964, Gillison 338 (L, LAE); Mt Tafa, common, 1933, Brass 4931 (A, BO,

— Morobe Edie NGF Streimann NGF BRI). Dist.: Creek, 1962—1969, van Royen 16047 (L), 44454 (L),

Streimann & Kairo NGF 21069 (L, LAE); Sattelberg, Sambanga, 1937, Clemens 7611 (A, L). — W. Highl.

Dist.: Tomba, S. slope of Mt Hagen, 1956, Hoogland & Pullen 6004 (CANB, L, LAE). — S. Highl. Dist.:

Mendi Subdist., Kaguba, 1968, Vanderberg et al. NGF 39811 (L). — Madang Dist.: Dumpu, 1964, Henty BLUMEA 218 VOL. XX, No. i, 1972

NGF — West. 18 km NE. Brass & Sayers 20525 (L). Bele R., of Lake Habbema, common, 1938, 11566

(A, L); 9 km NE. of Lake Habbema, 1938, Brass 10558, 10892(A, L); Treub Mts, 1913, Pulle (leg. Versteeg) 1098 (BO, GH, L, identified by Mattfeld).

Collectors' annotations: erect tall woody (annual) herb, with several

whole ofit red leaves dark stems, 1—2 m tall, plant or parts purplish or purplish brown, corolla green, glossy above, paler below; phyllaries (brown-) purple; (orange-) yellow

or red.

Ecological notes: open places (trails) in wet forest; old landslides; secondary

growth; grasslands ; roadsides, along streams; on slate. Altitude: 300—2750 m.

Remarks: The of Blumea — Mt Kloss type papuana Carstensz, 1912—1913, s.n.

— author. (BM) was not seen by the Mattfeld saw a fragment of it (B). However, for

comparison a specimen of this endemic and characteristic species, identified by Mattfeld,

was available.

Ital. Handl. 8. Blumea arfakiana Martelli, Nuov. Giorn. Bot. 15 (1883) 292; Boerlage,

2 (1891) 239; Mattfeld, Bot. Jahrb. 62 (1929) 424; Kitamura, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 55 (1941)

Blumea — Blumea 344; Randeria, 10 (i960) 220. aromatica auct., non DC.: Warburg, Bot.

Jahrb. 13 (1891) 446; Lauterbach, Nova Guinea 8, 2 (1910) 336; 8, 4 (1912) 864. — Blumea

balfourii Hemsl. var. papuana S. Moore, Trans. Linn. Soc., Bot. 9 (1916) 84.

Tall herb tall stem or shrub, 50—80 cm or taller, ribbed, densely minutely glandular,

sparsely shortly appressed-pubescent, 3 —8 mm thick; internodes 2 —8 cm long. Leaves

sessile or nearly so, broadly elliptic, oblong- or obovate-elliptic, spathulate- or obovate-

oblong, long-tapering at the base, shortly or fairly long-tapering, acute and mucronulate

at the apex, shortly or minutely mucronulate-dentate, chartaceous, scabrid above,

sparsely (on the nerves more or less densely) pubescent, densely minutely glandular broad. below, 11 —35 cm long, 3—11 cm Inflorescence mostly terminal, ample, loose, and much branches 20—60 cm long, 10—-30 cm wide, sometimes axillary smaller, pilose, heads the with leaf-like linear bracts bearing in upper part, narrowly elliptic-oblong or

at the base; heads pedunculate, peduncles 2 —8 mm long, thin, more or less densely linear pilose, bearing 1—3 minute bracts; involucre 8-seriate, 9—10 mm long, squarrose

when the dry, phyllaries elliptic-lanceolate, glandular, pubescent especially in upper part,

subcoriaceous, rigid, with pale margins, outer short, 2—3 mm long, with fimbrillate

margins, shortly acuminate, inner long-acuminate. Marginal flowers : corolla 8 mm long; achene style-arms filiform; 1.5 mm long, prominently ribbed, fairly long patently Disc whitish pilose, pappus whitish, 6 mm long. flowers 2—8; corolla 8 mm long; style- roimded the achene and like those of arms short, flattened, at apex, papillose; pappus marginal flowers; receptacle glabrous.

Distribution: Moluccas, Aru Is, New Guinea, Bismarck Arch., Solomon Is,

Palau Is, Samoa Is.

Lebudowa NEW GUINEA. East. Milne Bay Dist.: Normanby I., R., occasional, 1956, Brass 25538 (A,

Mt — Central Dist.: — L); Dayman, 1953, Brass 23523 (L, LAE). Mt Musgrave, 1889, MacGregor 29 (MEL).

Morobe Dist.: 'Kaiser Wilhelmsland', 1889, Hellwig 490 (BO, K); Finschhafen, 1889, Warburg 21411 (A);

Mongivalley, N. of Pindiu, 1964, Hoogland 8854 (L); BurepR., NE. ofLae, 1962, Hartley 10155 (L); Bumbu

R., 10 m. from Lae, 1963, Womersley NGF 17608(BRI, L, LAE); Boana, 1940, Clemens 41792 (A), 1962,

Henty NGF 14732 (L); Supot, nearBoana, 1962, Henty NGF 14737 (L). — Western Dist.: branch of Fly R.,

Brass — 1889, Biuerlen 48 (MEL); Palmer R., nearjunction Black R., 1936, 7306 (BRI, L). MadangDist.: foot Mt Puria below Hellwig, R., fairly common, 1955, Hoogland 5203 (CANB, L, LAE); slope Aiome

airstrip, 1968, Coode & Katik NGF 32828 (L). — Sepik Dist.: Aitape Subdist., Bliri R., Kaiye, 1961, Darby- shire & Hoogland 8239 (L). — West. Hollandia Dist.: Begowrie R., 40 km SE. of Hollandia, dispersed in small groups, 1910, Gjellerup 238 (BO, LI; Cyclops Mts, foothills E. of Koejaboe R., common, 1954, Josephine Th. Koster: The Compositae of New Guinea 111 219

Bernhard 1939, Brass 13068 (A, L); Rouffaer R., van Royen 4472 (L, LAE); Idenburg R., near Camp, U); Setakwa R., Canoe Camp, 1912—1913,Kloss s.n. (K, of 1926, Docters vanLeeuwen 10072 (BO, L, type

(BO). — Southern Dist.: along Blumea balfourii Hemsl. var. papuana S. Moore); Tor R., 1911, Gjellerup 717 80 Lorentz R. (Noord R.), 1907—1912, von Romer 167 (BO, L), 301 (L), 958 (L), Versteeg (BO, L), 107, & — Dist.: Subdist., Akama, Ijiri (BO, L), 1057 (BO, L, Ü), 1301 (BO, L, U). Geelvink Bay Napan 1943, ibidem, "Wati, Ijiri & Niimura 69 Japen I., Mentemboe, 1939, Niimura 428 (L), 429 (TNS); 1943, (TNS);

— I.: — Pen.: Beccari (FI, type). Misool near Aet & Idjan 72 (L). Vogelkop Arfak Mts, Putat, 1872, 843

Fakal, scanty, 1948, Pleyte 1072 (L).

Collectors' annotations: perennial, herbaceous, half-woody herb, (sub)- leaves dull mid-green, shrub, 1.2—3 m tall; stems slightly sticky; yellowish green, or corolla (pale, dull, white-) yellow, pale green above, grey-green, paler below; rusty, aromatic smell of yellowish, light green, greenish; (with Artemisia). banks of rivers and fallow Ecological notes: along (gravelly, rocky) creeks; gardens; (open places in) forests; Saccharum thickets; roadsides.Altitude: o—900 (—1350) m-

Prodr. Clarke, Ind. (1876) 9. Blumea sylvatica (Bl.) DC., 5 (1836) 447; Comp. 90; Enum. Phil. Bot. 62 Boerl., Handl. 2 (1891) 239; Merrill, 3 (1923) 605; Mattfeld, Jahrb.

in Backer & Bakh., Fl. 2 (1929) 423; Randeria, Blumea 10 (i960) 223; Koster Java (1965)

389. pubescent, Large erect herb, 75 —175 cm tall, stem 5—10 mm thick, tomentose, or

internodes often distant, subsessile or cm rarely glabrous ; 4—13 cm long. Leaves 0.5—1.5 petiolate, (often narrowly) elbptic-oblong or obovate-oblong, long (rarely shortly)

the base and the acute remotely dentate (teeth thick, often tapering at at apex, finely chartaceous several ones larger), lowest part entire, or submembranaceous, thinly (more

on both or pale brownish densely on the nerves) pubescent surfaces, greyish or (hairs both erect) tomentose below, minutely glandular on surfaces, including petiole 6.5 —25

in smaller and to cm cm long, 1.5—9 cm broad, the inflorescence narrower (up 45 long broad from Heads in terminal, large, ample, usually and 18 cm in specimens Indonesia).

to cm and cm wide, with a pilose glandular axis bearing leafy panicles up 45 long 25 leaflike pilose bracts; heads pedunculate, peduncles thin, 3 —15 mm long, often with 1 or 2 linear minute bracts; involucre 7—10 mm long, 6-seriate, phyllaries linear-lanceolate, finely acuminate, acute and pilose at the top, uninerved, outer appresscd-pubescent, mi- and the corolla nutely glandular, innerpubescent on themidrib on top. Marginal flowers: 5.5 with hairs the mm long, with or without a few long hairs, scarce minute glandular in

achene 1 mm whitish pubescent, upper part; long, narrowly oblong, prominently ribbed,

hairs 6 reddish when dry. Disc flowers corolla —6 pappus mm long, dingy or 3 —20; 5.5 anthers exserted; achene and mm long, lobes pilose (hairs few, fairly long), glandular; like those of receptacle less obviously fimbrillate, pappus marginal flowers; more or variously pilose (hairs fairly long or short, many or few) or (sub)glabrous.

Distribution: India, Malesia, Solomon Is.

as to pubescence of the leaves, Remarks: This species is very variable shape and pubescence of the receptacle, and number of the disc flowers. in the Bismarck Ar- Blumea milnei Seem, was mentioned by Mattfeld (I.e.) to occur The concerned chipelago. He had the occasion to study the type of this species. specimens

the author. Matt- have not been seen by present Although mentioning slight differences, feld brought two New Guinea specimens (Janowski 369, Versteeg 1649) to Blumea milnei; transferred The considered here they are to B. sylvatica. same applies to von Romer 869, milnei. by Randeria (o.c., p. 231) to belong to B. be the B. milnei seems to much allied toB. sylvatica and differs, according to description 220 BLUMEA VOL. XX, No. I, 1972

and the of Fl. the obovate figure Seem., Vitiens. (1865 —1868), 141, t. 27, by elliptic or the broader leaves and subsessile heads, glomerate in the upper part of the branches.

a. var. sylvatica — Conyza sylvatica Bl„ Bijdr. (1826) 898; Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1856)

— — Blumea Prodr. — 50. Conyza sessilifolia Bl., o.c., 897. sessilifolia (Bl.) DC., 5 (1836) 447. Blumea Blumea macrophylla (Bl.) DC. var. sylvatica (Bl.) Koster, 4 (1941) 488.

leaves the flowers —8 Upper thinly pubescent below, more densely so on nerves; disc 3

in a head.

Distribution: throughout Malesia, Solomon Is.

NEW GUINEA. East. Bougainville Dist.: Buin Subdist., Tonolei Harbour, 1969, Coode et al. NGF

40418 (L). — Milne Bay Dist.: Mt Dayman, 1953, Brass 23331 (A, L, LAE). — Northern Dist.: Mt Gaugun,

— Can — Dist.: Mt 1959, Cruttwell 110g (K). Central Dist.: Boridi, 1935, s.n. (BM). Morobe Sarawaket,

Clemens — E. Mt 1937» 3678 (A). Highl. Dist.: Wilhelm, I960 —1968, van Balgooy 6gi (L), Borgmann 202

—W. S. (L), Philipson 3410 (L). Highl. Dist.: Kubor Ra., ofMinj, 1963, Pullen 3371 (L); Baiyer—Jimmy

Divide, Dagarunga Ridge, 1968, Henty & Streimann NGF 38867 (L). — S. Highl. Dist.: Mt Giluwe, above NGF Klareg, 1961, Schodde 1973 (L); Mendi Subdist., Mendi Rd, 1968, Vandenberget al. 39736(L); Ibiwara,

Tari Gap, 1966, Gillison NGF 23163 (L, LAE); Wasemi, Lake Kutubu, 1961, Schodde 2308 (L). — Madang

Dist.: Finisterre Mts, between Sewe and Mt Abilala, 1964, Pullen 6033 (L); ibidem, Sewe, 1964, Sayers NGF

21383 (BM, L). — SepikDist.: Telefomin Subdist., Oksapmin, 1968, Henty et al. NGF 41733(h).— West. Mt Romer B. Resi Hellwig, summit, 1909, von 869 (L, det. Lauterbach: milnei Seem.); Noord R., Mts,

det. S. Römer 1907, Versteeg 1649 (BO, L, U, Lauterbach: B. milnei Seem.); New Guinea, 1909, von 983 B. (L, det. Randeria: B. bicolor Merr.); S. and SW. New Guinea, 1828, Zippelius s.n. (L, det. Randeria:

korthalsiana (Miq.) Boerl.); Geelvink Bay Dist., Jabi Mts, Wappe, 1913, Janowsky 36g (BO).

annotations: Collectors' erect simple herb, (small) shrub, 1.2—4 m tall; inflorescence branches of angled up; leaves (dull) dark green above, light green below,

or mid grey-green on both sides, aromatic, with a slight mint- or Artemisia-like smell

when crushed; flowers (pale) yellow, creamy, green, greenish brown, yellowish green, or

yellowish cream.

Ecological notes: lowland to montane forests or forest edges; along streams; abandoned soil. Altitude: bog grasslands; gardens; on muddy 240—3000 m.

Remark: The types of Conyza sylvatica Bl. and Conyza sessilifolia Bl., both in the Rijksherbarium, Leiden, have been studied by the author.

in b. var. macrophylla (Bl.) Randeria, Blumea 10 (i960) 228; Koster Backer en Bakh.,

Fl. Java 2 (1965) 389. — Conyza macrophylla Bl., Bijdr. (1826) 896; Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat. 2

— Blumea Prodr. Ind. (1856) 53. macrophylla (Bl.) DC., 5 (1836) 446; Clarke, Comp.

(1876) 88; Boerl., Handl. 2 (1891) 238; Koster, Blumea 4 (1941) 485. — Conyza ternatensis

— Blumea Miq., o.c., 49. ternatensis (Miq.) Boerl., o.c., 239.

—8 Upper leaves densely greyish tomentose below; disc flowers 3 in a head.

Distribution: India (Pegu), Malesia (Java, Lesser Sunda Is, Celebes, Moluccas,

New Guinea).

NEW GUINEA. East. Morobe Dist.: Bulolo, 1950, Fryar 4030 (A, CANB, LAE); Sattelberg, 1935,

— E. Rd Clemens Ç46 (L), 1936, Clemens 301g (Z). Highl. Dist.: Goroka Subdist., Chimbu Divide, Daulo

Camp, 1954, Womersley et al. NCF 6084 (LAE). — W. Highl. Dist.: Nondugl, 1951, Gyldenstolpe s.n. (S); different the Lagaip R., Kepilam, i960. Hoogland & Schodde 7357 (CANB, this specimen is slightly by

leaves the — We Hollandia Doorman Lam which are shortly attenuateto base). s t. Dist.: R., 1920, I2g4

B. — (BO); Baliem R., 1938, Brass 11636 (A, L, identified as arfakiana Martelli by Randeria, o.c., 221). Sleumer Vogelkop Pen.: Aifat R., Surerem, 1961, van Royen & 6743 (L). Josephine Th. Koster: The Compositae of New Guinea 111 221

Collector s' annotations: erect herb or subshrub, single-stemmed or

m leaves flowers bushy, I—3.5 tall; light green above, light grey below; (greenish) yellow.

Ecological notes: gravelly or sandy banks of streams in forest or in grassland;

secondary growth; gardens. Altitude: 200—2400 m.

Remarks: The types of Conyza macrophylla Bl. and Conyza ternatensis Miq., both in the Rijksherbarium, Leiden, have been studied by the author. Randeria considers the acuminate phyllaries and the glabrous receptacle in this variety to be good characters to

it from The foundthe ofboth varieties distinguish var. sylvatica. present author phyllaries be and whereas the be well both to acuminate acute, receptacle can glabrous as as pilose in varieties. Blume mentionedin his description of Conyza macrophylla the underside of the

leaves to be greyish tomentose.

c. var. pachycephala (Koster) Koster, nov. comb, et stat. — Blumea pachycephala Koster, Blumea f. Blumea Backer 4 (1941) 487, 3; Randeria, 10 (i960) 221; Koster in & Bakh.,

Fl. Java 2 (1965) 388.

Upper leaves thinly pubescent below, more densely so on the nerves; disc flowers

10—20 in a head.

Distribution: Java, New Guinea.

Brass NEW GUINEA. West. Hollandia Dist.: Bele R., 18 km NE. of Lake Habbema, common, 1938,

— Wissel Lake bivak 11565 (A, L). Region: near Kebon, 1939, Eyma 5520 (A, BO, BRI, L); Bogesiga—

Araboe bivak, 1939, Eyma 559g (BO). — Vogelkop Pen.: Arfak Mts, Mt Lehuma, 1928, Mayr 127 (BO).

flowers Collector s' annotations: woody annual, up to 2 m tall; yellow. of old Ecological notes: in grassy regrowth garden. Altitude: 2200 m.

Blumea 10. lacera (Burm. /) DC. in Wight, Contr. Bot. Ind. (1834) 14; Prodr. 5

(1836) 436; Clarke, Comp. Ind. (1876) 76; Hook, /, Fl. Br. Ind. 3 (1881) 263; Boerl.,

Handl. 2 (1891) 238; White, Proc. R. Soc. Qld 34 (1922) 60; Ridley, Fl. Mai. Pen. 2 Phil. Fl. (1923) 193; Merrill, Enum. 3 (1923) 602; Gagnepain, Gen. I.-C. 3 (1924) 539;

Mattfeld, Bot. Jahrb. 62 (1929) 420; Randeria, Blumea 10 (i960) 264; Koster in Backer &

Fl. — lacera Bakh., Java 2 (1965) 390; Hu, Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 18 (1965) 325. Conyza

Burm./, Fl. Ind. (1768) 180, t. 59 f. 1; Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1856) 42. —Blumea lactucaefolia

Prodr. Hook. I.e. — Blumea Prodr. DC., 5 (1836) 435; /, o.c. 672; Boerl., runcinata DC.,

5 (1836) 438; Miq., o.c. 46; Clarke, o.c. 78, Koster, Blumea 6 (1948) 265.

Erect herb, 20—100 cm tall, stem often simple but sometimes much branched, ribbed,

villous all the sparsely over or densely so in upper part or subglabrous, minutely glandular, Leaves 3 —7 mm thick; internodes 2—7 cm long. sessile or subpetiolate, shortly acuminate, rounded the dentate-serrate acute or sometimes nearly at apex, coarsely or finely or

dentate (teeth often much different in size), chartaceous or submembranous, minutely

glandular on both surfaces, sparsely or densely whitish villous, somewhat scabrid above,

more or less densely whitish villous below, higher ones elliptic- or spathulate-oblong or

elliptic, truncate at the base, lower ones obovate-oblong, shortly or long-tapering at the

base, or lyrate, often runcinate, sometimes subrosulate at the base; leaves 2—21 cm long,

cm smaller. Panicles terminal or 0.5—13.5 broad, upper ones axillary, thin, elongate, and branches often thyrsoid, heads more or less clustered at the apex, axis branches villous, lowest branches in the axils of small leaves; heads pedunculate, peduncles villous,

often with minute involucre often 2—35 mm long, a bract; purple, 4—10 mm long,

5- or 6-seriate, phyllaries whitish or dingy villous, minutely glandular, with dark-

coloured middle line, outer oblanceolate, finely acuminate, acute, inner lanceolate- No. BLUMEA VOL. XX, i, 1972 222

flowers: corolla —-4.5 linear, acuminate, acute, finely serrate in the upper part. Marginal 4 ribbed, somewhat in length; achene c. I mm long, angular, mm long, slightly differing

whitish. 8 corolla mm natentlv nilose. nannus A— S mm long, Disc flowers —30; 4—5.5

often in the anthers not or hardly exscrted; long, lobes acute, glandular, pilose upper part; fimbrillate, and like those of marginal flowers; receptacle slightly convex, achene pappus

or whitish glabrous or sparsely densely pilose. Distribution: Africa, India, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, China, Japan, Solomon Australia, New Caledonia. Formosa, Malesia, Is, Marianas,

of Blumea Remark: Several authors have already mentioned the wide variability the inflorescence, and the pubescence. lacera; this is evident in the habit, the leaves,

burmannii et — Blumea lacera var. DC. var. — Burm. f. a. var. lacera Conyza lacera

Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1856) — acrocephala Miq., commersonii DC., Prodr. 5 (1836) 436. Conyza 43. less and branches of inflorescence or densely whitish Upper part of stem, axis more

villous cm broad. villous. Leaves or less densely whitish below, 0.5 —5.5 or tawny more often heads in the upper part of the branches, Panicles elongate, narrow, congested

—8 glomerate; involucre 7 mm long.

Distribution: as the species.

1885, Chalmers s.n. (MEL). NEW GUINEA. East, without loc., Lawes s.ti. (MEL); SE. New Guinea, Brass 21763 (A, L, LAE, det. Randeria: B. Milne Bay Dist.: Cape Vogel Pen., Menapi, scattered, 1953, Moi Biri 1953. Brass 22163 (A, L). — — occasional, hieracifolia (Don) DC.). Northern Dist.: Bay, Baiawa, 1954, 4290 (A, BM, CANB, L, Central Dist.: Sowehfaja, Wanigela,near Taipo, fairly common, Hoogland Brass GH); Aroa R., 1885, Armit 15 (MEL). Morobe LAE); Vanapa R., Urunu, sporadic, 1933, 4818 (BO, NGF Lake Baiune, 1959, 11641 (LAE); Dist.:Bululo, 1950, Fryar 3646 (BM, BO, CANB, L, LAE); Henty NGF foot of Red Hill, 1962, Womersley 14190 (L); Wanum, 1963, Henty 16664 (CANB, L); Oomsis, B. Weinland 41 (BO); Kajabit Mission, 1939, Finschhafen, 1889, Warburg21410 (A, det. Mattfeld:, hieracifolia),

1959, NGF 11591 (L, LAE); Boana, 1940, Clemens 10479 his (A), 10890 (A), 40701 (MICH); Erap, Henty — E. Kainantu Subdist., Gualga R., Wonerara Patrol Post, 1963, Clemens 41773 (MICH). Highl. Dist.:

418(f). — W. Highl. Dist.: Nondugl, 1951— Henty & Carlquist NGF 16515(L); Goglme, I960, Borgmann & NGF 18546(L); Rubor Ra., Nona—Minj Divide, 1963, 1963, Gyldenstolpe s.n. (L, S), Millar van Royen & Manner Koinambe, Jimi, Street & Manner s.n. (LAE); Vink 16337(L); Kompiai, Jimi, Street 111 (LAE); hills, between Ogelbeng and Kinjibi, Mt Hagen Station, 1956, Hoogland & Pullen 5990 (CANB, L); Kileng NGF Ridge, Divide, 1968, Henty & Streimann 1957, Bobbins 65 (CANB, L, LAE); Dagarunga Baiyer—Jimi S. Dist.: Putidi Walker 579 (L). — Highl. between 38876 (L); Sirunki, between Kaipare and cliff, 1962, of Ialibu Patrol Pullen (CANB); Tari Subdist., Ibiwara, Kendakl and Yombi, 6 m. N. Post, 1961, 2733 Vink Kalkman between Mt Ne and Mt Kerewa, scattered, 1966, 17148 rather common, 1966, 4659 (L); pass Dist.: Kon- Daru Brass LAE). Madang — 6351 (A, BM, BO, L, (L). Western Dist.: L, sporadic, 1936, Ramu Bembi, fairly common, 1955, Hoogland (A, BM, stantinhafen, 1887, Hollrung s.n. (BO); R., 5114 Dist.: NGF — West. Hollandia Cyclops CANB, L, LAE); Dumpu, 1964, Henty & Sayers 20524 (L). Brass (A, L); ibidem, (BO, L); Baliem R., common, 1938, 11658 Mts, near Netar, 1938, Meyer-Drees 92 BW Wellesey, Kostermans & Soegeng Wiligimaan, rather common, 1961, Versteegh 10490(L); ibidem, 1966, det. Lauterbach: B. hieracifolia); near Koch s.n. L, Mopak, 575 (L). — Southern Dist.: Merauke, 1904, (BO, Kostermans 2474 (BO); — Arfak Gita Lake, Merauke, McKee 1758 (L). Vogelkop Pen.: Mts, Angi 194-8,

Kebar Valley, Andjai, 1954, van Royen 3947 (L).

Artemisia- Collector s' annotations: 1.2—2 m tall; aromatic, with a strong lower side of leaves involucre dark red or odour; stem (dark) purple or red; purple; corolla (light, bright, reddish) yellow (and purple), later purple; purple at the apex; later white with anthers yellow, yellowish brown; style (bright) yellow, of disc flowers

purple. savannah woodland; along Ecological notes: dry to swampy grasslands, rocky soil, rocks. Altitude: 1 2905 m. streams; gardens; on clay, sandy soil, granite 111 Josephine Th. Koster: The Compositae of New Guinea 223

Blumea Remarks: Judging fromWight, Ic. Pi. Ind. Or. 3 (1846) t. 1099, hieracifolia

Ind. Prodr. would not be (D. Don) DC. in Wight, Contr. Bot. (1834) 15; 5 (1836) 442, lacera. Warburg, Bot. different from Blumea lacera var. Also, specimens identified by Fl. Deutsch. Schiitzgeb. Siidsee (1901) 598, Mattfeld, Jahrb. 13 (1891) 445, Lauterbach, Blumea and in Backer & Bot. Jahrb. 62 (1929) 419, Randeria, 10 (i960) 246, Koster author Fl. as Blumea considered the to Bakh., Java 2 (1965) 390 hieracifolia are by present

belong to Blumea lacera var. lacera. of that the In her key to the species Blumea, Randeria (o.c., p. 207) points out outer

phyllaries should be linear and tapering in B. lacera, whereas they should be oblong- his lanceolate and acute in B. hieracifolia. hi Prodromus, De Candolle described the phyl-

He number of disc flowers to be laries of both species as linear and acuminate. states the

lacera. The author has found that number to 5 in B. hieracifolia and about 20 in B. present be highly variable in B. lacera: 8—20. also mentions B. hieracifolia from New Guinea White, Proc. R. Soc. Qld 34 (1922) 60, (Yule I.).

— — b. var. blumei DC., Prodr. 5 (1836) 436. Conyza javanica Bl., Bijdr. (1826) 897.

Flora — Blumea lacera DC. Blumea javanica (Bl.) Zoll., 30 (1847) 531. (Burm. f.) var. Fl. Ind. Blumea — Roxb., (1832) 601. javanica (Bl.) Koster, 4 (1941) 488. Conyza laciniata Prodr. Fl. Ind. — laciniata Br. Blumea (Roxb.) DC., 5 (1836) 436; Hook./, 3 (1881) 264; Nova Boerl., Handl. 2 (1891) 238; Warburg, Bot. Jahrb. 13 (1891) 445; Lauterbach, Fl. Guinea 8 (1910) 336; Merrill, Enum. Phil. 3 (1923) 602; Gagnepain, Gen. I.-C. 3 Fl. Randeria, Blumea 10 (i960) 258; Koster in Backer & Bakh., Java 2 (1965) (1924) 532;

— Hist. Nat. Paris 388. Blumea cichoriifolia DC. ex Decaisne, Nouv. Ann. Mus. 3 (1834)

Prodr. Fl. Br. Ind. (1881) 672. — Conyza cichoriifolia 410; DC., 5 (1836) 437; Hook./, 3

Ind. — Blumea Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 68 Miq., Fl. Bat. 2 (1856) 47. sinapifolia Gagnepain,

Fl. Mattfeld, 62 (1929) (with B. (1921) 43; Gen. I.-C. 3 (1924) 536; Bot. Jahrb. 418 syn.

lactucaefolia Martelli, Nuov. Gior. Bot. Ital. 15, 1883, 290). both of stem villous. villous or shortly pilose on Upper part sparsely Leaves sparsely

broad. Panicles loose, sometimes ample; involucre 5—8 mm long. surfaces, 0.5—13.5 cm Distribution: Africa, India, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, China, Malesia,

Solomon Is, Marianas, Australia, New Caledonia.

NEW GUINEA. East. New Britain: 1885, Parkinson 14 (MEL); Bismarck Arch., 1889, Warburg 21417

(A). — MilneBay Dist.: Sudest L, Rambuso, 1953, Brass 28210 (A, L, LAE); South Cape, 1877, Chalmers

1953, Brass (A, LAE). — Northern Dist.: s.n. (MEL); Cape Vogel Pen., Menapi, occasional, 22044 L, Dist.: S. Kwagira R., Peria Creek, oneplant, 1953, Brass 24288 (A, L). — Morobe 4 m. of Langemak Bay (L); Adler (=Busu) near Finschhafen, 1945, Sawyer 102,105,183(A); vicinity Finschhafen, 1945, Sawyer 279 R., 1890, Lauterbach 672 (L); Abunaka Plantation near Lae, 1967, Henty NGF 29166 (L); Mt Sarawaket, Dist.: (A.). — West. Hollandia 1937. Clemens 3679 (A); Kajabit Mission, 1939, Clemens s.n., 40643

Arso Rouffaer Docters Leeuwen det. R., upper TamiR., 1910, Gjellerup 17(BO, L); R., 1926, van 9748 (BO, Nassau Leeuwen (BO, det. Mattfeld: B. Mattfeld: B. sinapifolia)-, Ra., 1926, Docters van 10600 L, sinapifolia). B. — Southern Dist.: Lorentz R., near Maukeba, 1912, Pulle 238 (BO, det. Mattfeld: sinapifolia)-, Alkmaar,

— Pen.: Arfak Lakes, Kofo, Mayr 228 (BO, det. 1907, Versteeg 1499 (BO, L). Vogelkop Mts, Anggi 1928, det. Mattfeld: B. Kebar Mattfeld: B. sinapifolia);); Wasior, 1928, Mayr 420 (BO, sinapifolia)-, Valley, Andjai,

Beccari — Without rather common, 1961, van Royen & Sleumer 6738 (L); Sorong, 1872, 147 (FI). locality: 1896, Lauterbach 860 (K).

of inflorescence Collector s' annotations: 1.2 m tall; young parts strongly pungent-aromatic.

Ecological notes: (marshy, Imperata-) grasslands; woodland-grass; sandbank BLUMEA 224 VOL. XX, No. I, 1072

in creek, open place on riverbank; native gardens, recently cleared land; stone bank, soil. Altitude: loamy 10—1900 m.

Remarks: Though small plants ofBlumea lacera var. blumei with thin pubescence

and heads from lacera — which would the distinction small are easily separated var. justify

— of the oftwo species numerous specimens out great number available were foundto be forms transitional between the varieties concerned.

meraukensis Blumea c. var. Roster, 4 (1941) 489. villous. leaves Upper part of stem and leaves sparsely Higher spathulate-oblong, Panicles coarsely dentate. loose, elongate; involucre 4 —5 mm long.

Distribution: New Guinea.

NEW GUINEA. West. Merauke, 1904, Koch s.n. (BO, L); ibidem, 1907, Versteeg 1844 (BO, L).

Collectors' annotations: Involucre reddish brown; corolla white or

yellow.

in in Ecological notes: grassy plain, Imperata-fields.

subdivaricata d. var. Koster, nov. var.

Pars superior caulis dense villosa. Folia firma, subtus dense vel sparse villosa. Paniculae ad subdivaricatae, capitula congesta in apice ramorum elongatorum, usque 30 cm longo-

8—10 rum; involucrum cm longum.

Type: Hoogland & Schodde 7450 (L).

Distribution: New Guinea.

NEW GUINEA. East. Morobe Dist.: Wantoat, 1940, Clemens 41082 (A). — W. Highl. Dist.: Laiagam

Yobobos of & Schodde Lake Subdist., grassland area, source Lagaip R., i960, Hoogland 7450 (L, type);

— Mt Iviva, abundant, 1965, Flenley ANU 2499 (CANB, L). S. Highlands Dist.: Giluwe, above Klareg, 1961, Schodde 2083 (L).

Collector s' annotations: 0.8—1.5 m tall; corolla yellow.

Ecological notes: bog-grasslands, Mischanthus-grasslands; low shrubbery. Altitude: 2460—2640 m. The this lacera Remark: habit of variety is different from most specimens of var. lacera to which variety it is nearest. However, there are specimens, brought to var. here,

with branched inflorescences which only differ by the shorter branches of the panicles.

DUBIOUS RECORDS

The following taxa have been reported for New Guinea, but they have not been in-

corporated as the specimens concerned were either too scanty or destroyed or lost.

Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC. var. macrocephala Ritamura, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 55 described from: Kanehira (1941) 344; was Waren, 1940, & Hatusima 13210.

Blumea bicolor Merrill was reported for New Guinea by Randeria, Blumea 10 (i960)

This based to 231. was on von Romer 983, a fairly fragmentary specimen brought B. the its leaves somewhat different sylvatica var. sylvatica by present author, though are by a shortly acuminate apex. Josephine Th. Koster: The Composilae of New Guinea HI 225

Blumea subalpina Lauterbach, Fedde Repert. 13 (1915) 241; was described from:

m alt. Mattfeld the Finisterre Ra., Mt. Bolan, 1912, Keysser 310, 2200—3000 saw type inflorescences and reports in Bot. Jahrb. 62 (1929) 422 thatthe were too young to recognize the species well.

Blumea vanoverberghii Merrill was mentioned by Mattfeld, Bot. Jahrb. 62 (1929)

420, to occur in New Guinea.

the Blumea vestita Kitamura, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 55 (1941) 345, was described from Arfak & Mts, Anggi Lakes, near Lake Giji, fringing forest along Iray R., 1940, Kanehira

Hatusima 13893, 1900 m alt.

6. HELENIEAE

& Hoffmann, E. P., Nat. Pfl. Fam. 4, 5 (1894) 251.

Leaves alternate or opposite, often pinnatifid, sometimes simple, sometimes glandular.

Heads homogamous or heterogamous. Marginal flowers female, mostly fertile; corolla

mostly ligulate, rarely shortly tubular, bilabiate, or wanting. Disc flowers bisexual, corolla mostly fertile, sometimes interior ones or all sterile; tubular, 4- or 5-dentate;

or of naked style two-armed; pappus setaceous, consisting scales, or wanting; receptacle

or sometimes pilose.

I. TAGETES

& Hook, Pi. & L., Spec. Pi. (1753) 887; Benth. f., Gen. 2 (1876) 411; Hoffmann, E. P.,

Nat. Pfl. Fam. 4, 5 (1894) 265.

Herbs, erect, annual or perennial, strongly smelling when bruised. Leaves alternate or

Heads opposite, dentate-serrate, with translucent glands. solitary or corymbose, terminal, involucre pedunculate, radiate; cylindric or campanulate; phyllaries uni-seriate, dentate

the their with translucent at apex, connate by margins, yellow or orange glands. Marginal corolla with rather tube and obovate flowers uni-seriate; ligulate, a long an ligule; style-

arms fdiform, subobtuse or subacute, glabrous. Disc flowers numerous; corolla infundi-

the anthers buliform-tubular, with 5 acute teeth, pubescent at margins; shortly sagittate the the the at base, acute at apex; style-arms rather long, subacute, pilose at apex; achenes

black with a of —10 mem- linear, compressed-angular, pale base, pappus consisting 3 ciliate naked branous, linear, very unequal apically scales; receptacle convex or flat, or

sometimes with short bristles.

and Distribution: 80 species in C. S. America, 1 in N. America, 1 in tropical Africa

Fl. Col. I. Tagetes minuta L., Spec. Pi. (1753) 887; Cabrera, Buenos Aires, Cient. f. I.N.T.A. (1963) 250, 75.

18 often much the Herbs, —65 cm tall, branched, mostly in upper part, sometimes in the lower internodes —8 part, stem ribbed, glabrous, 1—12 mm thick; 2 cm long.

Leaves mostly alternate, some opposite, sessile, with a broadened base appressed to the

cm broad, stem, elliptic, pinnatipartite, 3—19 cm long, 1—8.5 segments linear-oblong,

the both with few dark at the lower side acute at top, dentate, glabrous on sides, glands

the cm cm lowest filiform, often near margin, 2—6.5 long, 0.3—I broad, segments Heads in small dense terminal fringed. numerous, corymbs, I—5 mm pedunculate;

225 BLUMEA 226 VOL. XX, No. I, 1972

involucre mm mm narrowly cylindric, 10—12 long, 1.5 —2.5 thick; phyllaries 4, glabrous, oleiferous with linear dark glands. Marginal flowers 2 or 3; corolla 2- or 3-lobed at the

mm tube achene top (lobes obtuse), 5—6 long, shortly pilose; linear-fusiform, sparsely

—8 of lanceolate pilose (hairs appressed), 7 mm long, 1—1.5 mm broad, pappus consisting 2 scales and Disc (1.5—3 mm long) 3 much shorter ones. flowers 3 or 4; corolla 4—4.5 mm tube those long, shortly pilose; achene and pappus like of marginal flowers; receptacle naked. minute, somewhat convex,

Distribution: tropical America, introduced in S. Europe, Africa, New Guinea,

Australia.

NEW GUINEA. East. Central Dist.: Goilala Subdist., between Kuputivava and Omoretu, 1964, Hartley

Can — E. Dist.: Goroka 13038 (L); Isuarana, 1936, 15935 (BM, CANB, L). Highl. Subdist., Finentegu, a Pullen few specimens, 1956, Hoogland & 5272 (BM, LAE); Mt Wilhelm, 1957—1960, Borgmann 285 (L), Brass 30647(L, NY), Pullen 560 (LAE). — W. Highl. Dist.: near Wabag, Tsark valley, S. ofTel'ia R., 1965,

Flenley ANU 2711 (L).

Collector s' corolla of annotations: aromatic, maladorous, 1.2—1.5 m tall;

of rat marginal flowers pale yellow, disc flowers yellow. Uses: planted as a deterrent.

notes: weed in Ecological gardens, clearings in forest, open places, along and soil. Altitude: streams tracks; sandy or rocky 1080—2650m.