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A Review on Sphaeranthus Indicus Linn: Multipotential Medicinal Plant Namrata G

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A Review on Sphaeranthus Indicus Linn: Multipotential Medicinal Plant Namrata G Review Article ISSN 2277-3657 Available online at www.ijpras.com International Journal of Volume 4, Issue 3 (2015):48-74 Pharmaceutical Research & Allied Sciences A Review on Sphaeranthus Indicus Linn: Multipotential Medicinal Plant Namrata G. Mahajan*, Manojkumar Z. Chopda, Raghunath T. Mahajan Department of Zoology, KCE’s, Moolji Jaitha College, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon 425 002, Maharashtra, India *Email: [email protected] Subject: Biology Abstract Many herbal remedies have been employed in various medical systems for the treatment and management of different diseases. The weed herb Sphaeranthus indicus Linn has been used in different system of traditional medication for the treatment of diseases and ailments of human beings. It possesses antimicrobial, wound healing, anti arthritics, immunostimulant, immunomodulatory, antioxidant anxiolytic, neuroleptic, activities. Other applied applications are antifeedant, piscicidal, haemolytic, ovicidal and larvicidal. There are also reports available for the traditional use of this plant. Such review is not available in earlier literature. Therefore this present paper is a compilation of data on experimentally confirmed biological activities. Keywords: Sphaeranthus indicus, Pharmacological activities, Traditional Uses. Introduction Plants have played a significant role in maintaining Boatanical Description human health and improving the quality of human Taxonomy life for thousands of years and have served humans Kingdom: Plantae well as are valuable components of medicines, Division: Phanerogamae seasonings, beverages, cosmetics and dyes. Herbal Sub division: Angiospermae medicine is based on the premise that plants contain Class: Dicotyledonae natural substances that can promote health and Sub class: Gamopetalae alleviate illness. In recent times, focus on plant Order: Asterales research has increased all over the world and a large Family: Asteraceae body of evidence has been collected to show Genus: Sphaeranthus immense potential of medicinal plants used in various Species: indicus traditional systems. Today, we are witnessing a great deal of public interest in the use of herbal remedies. Synonyms Furthermore, many western drugs had their origin in Sanskrit: mahamundi, mundi, hapusa; Hindi, plant extract. There are many herbs, which are Bengali, Marathi, Gujarathi: mundi, gorakh mundi; predominantly used to treat cardiovascular problems, Telugu: Boddatarupu, boddasoramu; Tamil: liver disorders, central nervous system, digestive and kottakaranthai; Malayalam: mirangani, metabolic disorders. Given their potential to produce adakkamaniyan; Oriya: Murisa, buikadamba, significant therapeutic effect, they can be useful as bokashungi; Riya: Murisa, bokashungi; Punjabi: drug or supplement in the treatment / management of ghundi, khamadrus; Santal: Belaunja; Undari: Mundi various diseases. Such have been used and continued Botanical description to be used as medicine in folklore or food supplement for various disorders. Ethnopharmacological studies Species of Sphaeranthus - Its species are widely on such herbs/medically important plants continue to distributed in tropical Asia, Africa and Australia. interest investigators throughout the world. One such Other reported species are Sphaeranthus moli, plant, Sphaeranthus indicus, invites attention of the Sphaeranthus microcephalus willd - Java, researchers worldwide for its biological activities. Sphaeranthus laevigatus wall - Africans, Sphaeranthus indicus Linn belongs to family Sphaeranthus suaveolens DC - Afr. Bor - France, Asteraceae; is a medicinally important plant used as Switzerland, Sphaeranthus hirtus willd and folk medicine. Sphaeranthus senegalensis. 48 Available online at www.ijpras.com Morphological characters paste of the herb, made with oil, is as an anthelmintic. It is a much branched herb, strongly scented annual A decoction of the root is used in chest-pains, cough, with winged stem and the wings toothed. Leaves and bowel complaints. The bark, ground and mixed obovate-oblong, narrowed at the base, dentate and with whey is said to be a useful application in piles. serrate. Flowers compound heads, globose avoid, Flowers are credited with alterative, depurative, and purple. Flowering time November to January in tonic properties. Leaf juice is boiled with milk and Indian conditions; glandular hairy; Achene staled. sugar-candy and prescribed for cough. Antitubercular This plant known as Gorakmundi in Hindi is found properties have also been ascribed to the plant abundantly in the plains all over India, ascending to (Kirtikar and Basu, 1935; Chopra, 1956). The leaves an altitude of 1500 m in the hills, especially as a are eaten as a pot-herb. They are mixed with paddy weed in the rice fields (Kirtikar and Basu,1935; The and rice to prevent damage by insect pests during wealth of India, 1982). storage. The herb is employed as a fish-poison. It is also stuffed into nesting furrows of crabs to kill them Ayurvedic Preparations (Kirtikar and Basu, 1935). Roots and seeds are used Mundi Churna, Mundi panchang swarasa, Mundi as stomachic and anthelmintic (Said, 1956). Although kvatha. there is a range of potentially useful medicinal Uses of plant substances in plant, the research in this area is scanty. Textually a number of uses of this plant are described. All parts of the plant find medicinal uses. This plant and its various plant parts used by the The juice of the plant is styptic and said to be useful traditional peoples, tribes, vaidys to cure various in liver and gastric disorders (Chadha, 1976). The ailments. The details of it summaries as under, Table 1: S. indicus and its various plant parts used to cure various ailments Ailments Plant part Mode of Application Reference Against piles The bark Ground and mixed with whey To be a useful application Kirtikar and Basu,1935 in piles. Bark Powder is given orally and applied externally to cure Nayak et al., 2004 piles. Leaf, flower ground into paste and applied topically to Muthu et al., 2006 and seeds treat skin diseases and piles Pisicidal Whole plant Fish-poison. Kirtikar and Basu,1935 activity Crabicidal Whole plant Herb stuffed into nesting furrows To kill crabs. Kirtikar and Basu,1935 Anthelmintic Whole plant Paste of whole plant + oil Is an anthelmintic. Kirtikar and Basu,1935 Roots and Used as stomachic and anthelmintic. Said, 1956 seeds Root and seed Powder is given orally to kill intestinal worms in Nayak et al., 2004 children. Leaf For worm trouble, leaf decoction is taken in the morning Samuel and Andrews, 8 time once in 2 day 2010 Whole plant paste with a pinch of common salt is taken as Panda and Misra, 2011 an anthelmintic. Against Root Decoction of root useful for Chest-pains, cough, and Kirtikar and Basu,1935 cough bowel complaints. Leaf Leaf juice is boiled with milk and sugar-candy. Chopra, 1958 Prescribed for cough. AS tonic Flowers Alterative, depurative, and tonic properties. Chopra, 1958 Flowers Alternant, depurative, refrigerant and tonic. Jeeva et al., 2006 Gastric Whole plant The juice of plant is styptic and useful in liver and gastric Chadha, 1976 disorder disorders. Whole plant juice is used for gastric disorders Bapuji and Ratnam, 2009 Inflorescence Paste is given in empty stomach for curing excess bile. Panda and Misra, 2011 Against Root Paste of root and black peppers (5 to 7) and taken 2 times Sen et al., 2001 Dysurea a day. Used against dysurea by the people of Bargarh district in Orissa. Against Leaves Decoction of leaves used by the tribes, for the treatment Wabale and Petkar 2005 Jaundice of jaundice. 49 Available online at www.ijpras.com Mouth ulcer Raw leaf Raw leaf is chewed or leaf juice is administered orally Behera et al.,2006 during mouth ulcer, and other mouth diseases Stomachache Root Amulet of root is worn in Stomachache. Acharya and Pokhrel, 2006 Leucorrhoea Root According the information about one teaspoonful of root Narain and Singh,2006 powder is taken with a cup of water 2 times daily in the treatment of leucorrhoea for 30 days. Elephantiasis Leaf Leaf juice (5ml) with long pepper and common salt Chakraborty and (3:1:1) is given for 10 days. Bhattacharjee, 2006 Swelling Whole plant Plant paste mixed with coconut oil is used for painful Jeeva et al., 2006 swelling. Scrofula Root Oil prepared by using root Jeeva et al., 2006 Against gray Whole plant A spoonful of the powdered plant, mixed with water, is Ganesan et al., 2007 hair taken internally to blacken gray hair Scabies Leaf Leaf juice mixed in water is used for bath Silja et al., 2008 Skin diseases Leaf Powder Jeeva et al., 2006 Whole plant Plant powder is taken internally to treat skin diseases Kumar et al., 2007 Leaf ,Flower are Ground into paste and applied topically to treat skin Rajadurai et al., 2009 and seeds disease. Whole plant Paste is topically applied for skin irritation Ayyanara and Ignacimuthu, 2011 Root Paste is made by grinding root with juice of tender Bhandary and pericarp of coconut or lemon juice. Chandrashekar, 2011 Diarrhoea Flower, Leaf Flower paste is given in empty stomach to cure dysentery, Behera et al., 2006 and diarrhoea and indigestion. Leaf juice is also given to cure dysentery diarrhoea and vomiting Leaves Fresh leaves with cumin seeds are taken internally to treat Kumar et al., 2007 dydentery. Whole plant Children suffering from dysentery are exposed to fumes Gupta et al., 2009 of whole plant. Eye infection Inflorescence Inflorescence + water for whole night. Juice is used as an Gupta et al.,2010 eye drop for eye infection or eye
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