REVIEW ARTICLE Interactions Between GH, IGF-I, Glucocorticoids
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Association Between Dietary Habits and Parental Health with Obesity Among Children with Precocious Puberty
children Article Association between Dietary Habits and Parental Health with Obesity among Children with Precocious Puberty 1, 1, 2 1 3, Yong Hee Hong y , Yeon Ju Woo y, Jong Hyun Lee , Young-Lim Shin and Hee-Sook Lim * 1 Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine, Bucheon 14584, Korea; [email protected] (Y.H.H.); [email protected] (Y.J.W.); [email protected] (Y.-L.S.) 2 Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Gumi Hospital, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine, Gumi 39371, Korea; [email protected] 3 Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Yeonsung University, Anyang 14011, Korea * Correspondence: [email protected] These authors contributed equally to this work as first author. y Received: 25 September 2020; Accepted: 5 November 2020; Published: 8 November 2020 Abstract: Precocious puberty, resulting in various physical, mental, and social changes, may have negative consequences for children and their families. In this study, we investigated whether there were differences between parental obesity, children’s and parent’s awareness of body shape, and dietary habits according to obesity levels in children with precocious puberty. A total of 193 children (93.3% girls) diagnosed with precocious puberty were classified into three groups according to their obesity levels. Negative body shape awareness and dissatisfaction were significantly higher in the obese group than in the normal-weight group, and parents were more likely to perceive their children as fat than the children themselves. In addition, the obesity rate of parents in the obese group was higher, and the body mass indexes of children and parents were significantly correlated. -
Meyer Dysplasia in the Differential Diagnosis of Hip Disease in Young Children
ARTICLE Meyer Dysplasia in the Differential Diagnosis of Hip Disease in Young Children Liora Harel, MD; Liora Kornreich, MD; Shai Ashkenazi, MD, MSc; Avinoam Rachmel, MD; Boaz Karmazyn, MD; Jacob Amir, MD Objectives: To describe a rare developmental disorder Results: Two of the 5 patients were initially diagnosed of the femoral capital epiphysis in infants and children as having osteomyelitis and 3 as having Perthes disease. that is often misdiagnosed and to suggest an evaluation The diagnosis of Meyer dysplasia was confirmed by plain protocol to differentiate it from other hip problems. film of the pelvis, a negative bone scan, or normal bone marrow findings on magnetic resonance imaging. The Design: Case series. limping resolved without treatment in all patients within 1 to 3 weeks. Setting: Tertiary care center. Conclusions: Meyer dysplasia is a benign condition that Subjects: Five consecutive patients referred for evalu- should be included in the differential diagnosis of hip dis- ation of acute onset of limping between January 1990 and ease in infants and children. Awareness of this condi- December 1997. tion may prevent unnecessary hospitalization and treat- ment. Intervention: All clinical and imaging data were col- lected. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1999;153:942-945 5 patients. The 5 children included 4 males Editor’s Note: Keep this in mind next time you see a limping and 1 female aged 9 to 48 months. All pre- toddler or preschooler. sented with acute onset of limping of 2 to Catherine D. DeAngelis, MD 30 days’ duration. Patient 3 was being ob- served by a pediatric endocrinologist for short stature, and patient 4 had a family EYER dysplasia is a history of congenital dislocation of the hip symptomless develop- and Perthes disease. -
Identification of Teeth, Wrist and Femur Bone Features for Age and Gender Identifiction
Vidyashree H S et al. / International Journal of Computer Science Engineering (IJCSE) IDENTIFICATION OF TEETH, WRIST AND FEMUR BONE FEATURES FOR AGE AND GENDER IDENTIFICTION Vidyashree H S Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bapuji Institute of Engineering and Technology, Davanagere, India. Email: [email protected] Pradeep N Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bapuji Institute of Engineering and Technology, Davanagere, India. Email: [email protected] Abstract: Personal identification is defined as establishing the identity of an individual. The need for personal identification arises in natural mass disasters like earth quakes, tsunamis, landslides, floods etc., and in man-made disasters such as terrorist attacks, bomb blasts, mass murders, and in cases when the body is highly decomposed or dismembered to deliberately conceal the identity of the individual. Computers have been widely used in the field of medical research over the past few decades. Machine Learning and Biomedical Image Processing Techniques have enormously contributed in the field of Medical Image Analysis, classification and recognition. But fewer contributions have been made in the area of forensics by researchers. There is a scope for researches, where they can make their contributions especially in medical image analysis where they can estimate age and identify gender using digital X-ray images. In this paper, we are identifying features of Femur, Teeth and Wrist features that are helpful for age and gender identification. Keywords- Forensic Science, Femur Bone Age, Gender Estimation, teeth, wrist bone age and gender comparison. I.INTRODUCTION The age of an individual is often a fundamental piece of data in connection with forensic identification of unidentified bodies. -
Original Article Clinical Characteristics and Mutation Analysis of Two Chinese Children with 17A-Hydroxylase/17,20-Lyase Deficiency
Int J Clin Exp Med 2015;8(10):19132-19137 www.ijcem.com /ISSN:1940-5901/IJCEM0013391 Original Article Clinical characteristics and mutation analysis of two Chinese children with 17a-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency Ziyang Zhu, Shining Ni, Wei Gu Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China Received July 25, 2015; Accepted September 10, 2015; Epub October 15, 2015; Published October 30, 2015 Abstract: Combined with the literature, recognize the clinical features and molecular genetic mechanism of the disease. 17a-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency, a rare form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, is caused by muta- tions in the cytochrome P450c17 gene (CYP17A1), and characterized by hypertension, hypokalemia, female sexual infantilism or male pseudohermaphroditism. We presented the clinical and biochemical characterization in two patients (a 13 year-old girl (46, XX) with hypokalemia and lack of pubertal development, a 11 year-old girl (46, XY) with female external genitalia and severe hypertension). CYP17A1 mutations were detected by PCR and direct DNA sequencing in patients and their parents. A homozygous mutation c.985_987delTACinsAA (p.Y329KfsX418) in Exon 6 was found in patient 1, and a homozygous deletion mutation c.1459_1467delGACTCTTTC (p.Asp487_Phe489del) in exon 8 in patient 2. The patients manifested with hypertension, hypokalemia, sexual infantilism should be sus- pected of having 17a-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency. Definite diagnosis is depended on mutation analysis. Hydrocortisone treatment in time is crucial to prevent severe hypertension and hypokalemia. Keywords: 17a-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency Introduction patients with 17a-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase defi- ciency, and made a confirmative diagnosis by Deficiency in cytochrome p450c17 (MIM mutation analysis of CYP17A1. -
Alan E. Oestreich Growth of the Pediatric Skeleton a Primer for Radiologists Alan E
Alan E. Oestreich Growth of the Pediatric Skeleton A Primer for Radiologists Alan E. Oestreich Growth of the Pediatric Skeleton A Primer for Radiologists With illustrations by Tamar Kahane Oestreich 123 Alan E. Oestreich, MD, FACR Radiology 5031 Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center 3333 Burnett Ave. Cincinnati OH 45229-3039 USA Library of Congress Control Number: 2007933312 ISBN 978-3-540-37688-0 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is con- cerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitations, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publica- tion or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media http//www.springer.com Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2008 Printed in Germany The use of general descriptive names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regula- tions and therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publishers cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information about dosage and application contained in this book. In every case the user must check such information by consulting the relevant literature. Medical Editor: Dr. -
Guidelines for Best Practice Imaging for Age Estimation in the Living
Journal of Forensic Radiology and Imaging 16 (2019) 38–49 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Forensic Radiology and Imaging journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jofri Guidelines for best practice: Imaging for age estimation in the living T ⁎ Edel Doylea, , Nicholas Márquez-Grantb, Lisa Fieldc, Trish Holmesa, Owen J Arthursd,e,f, Rick R. van Rijng,h, Lucina Hackmani, Kathleen Kasperj, Jim Lewisk,l, Peter Loomism, Denise Elliotta, Jeroen Krolla,n, Mark Vinera,b,o, Soren Blaup, Alison Broughq,r, Stella Martín de las Herass, Pedro Manuel Garamendit,u,v a International Association of Forensic Radiographers, UK b Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield University, Defence Academy of the United Kingdom,UK c International Society of Radiographers & Radiologic Technologists, UK d Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK e UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK f ISFRI Paediatric Working Group, Switzerland g Department of Radiology, Emma Children's Hospital – Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands h Department of Forensic Medicine, Netherlands Forensic Institute, The Hague, the Netherlands i Leverhulme Centre for Forensic Science, Ewing Building, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK j Tarrant County Medical Examiner's District, Ft. Worth, Texas; Forensic Odontologist, Collin County Medical Examiner, McKinney, TX, USA k The University of Tennessee, Graduate School of Medicine, Department of General Dentistry, Division of Forensic Odontology, -
The Epiphyseal Plate: Physiology, Anatomy, and Trauma*
3 CE CREDITS CE Article The Epiphyseal Plate: Physiology, Anatomy, and Trauma* ❯❯ Dirsko J. F. von Pfeil, Abstract: This article reviews the development of long bones, the microanatomy and physiology Dr.med.vet, DVM, DACVS, of the growth plate, the closure times and contribution of different growth plates to overall growth, DECVS and the effect of, and prognosis for, traumatic injuries to the growth plate. Details on surgical Veterinary Specialists of Alaska Anchorage, Alaska treatment of growth plate fractures are beyond the scope of this article. ❯❯ Charles E. DeCamp, DVM, MS, DACVS athologic conditions affecting epi foramen. Growth factors and multipotent Michigan State University physeal (growth) plates in imma stem cells support the formation of neo ture animals may result in severe natal bone consisting of a central marrow P 2 orthopedic problems such as limb short cavity surrounded by a thin periosteum. ening, angular limb deformity, or joint The epiphysis is a secondary ossifica incongruity. Understanding growth plate tion center in the hyaline cartilage forming anatomy and physiology enables practic the joint surfaces at the proximal and distal At a Glance ing veterinarians to provide a prognosis ends of the bones. Secondary ossification Bone Formation and assess indications for surgery. Injured centers can appear in the fetus as early Page E1 animals should be closely observed dur as 28 days after conception1 (TABLE 1). Anatomy of the Growth ing the period of rapid growth. Growth of the epiphysis arises from two Plate areas: (1) the vascular reserve zone car Page E2 Bone Formation tilage, which is responsible for growth of Physiology of the Growth Bone is formed by transformation of con the epiphysis toward the joint, and (2) the Plate nective tissue (intramembranous ossifica epiphyseal plate, which is responsible for Page E4 tion) and replacement of a cartilaginous growth in bone length.3 The epiphyseal 1 Growth Plate Closure model (endochondral ossification). -
Postnatal Maturation and Radiology of the Growing Spine Sharon E
Neurosurg Clin N Am 18 (2007) 431–461 Postnatal Maturation and Radiology of the Growing Spine Sharon E. Byrd, MDa,b,*, Elizabeth M. Comiskey, MDa,c aRush Medical College, 1653 West Congress Parkway, Chicago, IL 60612, USA bSection of Neuroradiology, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1653 West Congress Parkway, Chicago, IL 60612, USA cSection of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1653 West Congress Parkway, Chicago, IL 60612, USA The spine is part of the supporting framework Anatomy of the body and is composed of vertebrae, discs, The spine consists of osseous and soft tissue and ligaments. It continues to mature postnatally, components that provide support and mobility for with marked changes occurring predominantly in the body and a protective covering for the central the vertebrae during infancy, childhood, and early nervous system. The vertebral column is com- adolescence. Maturation of the spine is not only posed of 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, and 5 lumbar manifested by the ossification process but by vertebrae; the sacrum (composed of 5 fused changes in the shape of the vertebrae, spinal vertebrae that become progressively smaller); curvature, spinal canal, discs, and bone marrow. and the coccyx (3 to 5 rudimentary vertebrae). A The parts of the spine and the maturation process typical vertebra consists of a body and neural can be evaluated by various imaging modalities arch. The neural arch is composed of bilateral such as conventional plain spine imaging (CPSI pedicles, laminae, superior and inferior articulat- [plain spine radiography]), CT, and MRI. -
Nomina Histologica Veterinaria, First Edition
NOMINA HISTOLOGICA VETERINARIA Submitted by the International Committee on Veterinary Histological Nomenclature (ICVHN) to the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists Published on the website of the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists www.wava-amav.org 2017 CONTENTS Introduction i Principles of term construction in N.H.V. iii Cytologia – Cytology 1 Textus epithelialis – Epithelial tissue 10 Textus connectivus – Connective tissue 13 Sanguis et Lympha – Blood and Lymph 17 Textus muscularis – Muscle tissue 19 Textus nervosus – Nerve tissue 20 Splanchnologia – Viscera 23 Systema digestorium – Digestive system 24 Systema respiratorium – Respiratory system 32 Systema urinarium – Urinary system 35 Organa genitalia masculina – Male genital system 38 Organa genitalia feminina – Female genital system 42 Systema endocrinum – Endocrine system 45 Systema cardiovasculare et lymphaticum [Angiologia] – Cardiovascular and lymphatic system 47 Systema nervosum – Nervous system 52 Receptores sensorii et Organa sensuum – Sensory receptors and Sense organs 58 Integumentum – Integument 64 INTRODUCTION The preparations leading to the publication of the present first edition of the Nomina Histologica Veterinaria has a long history spanning more than 50 years. Under the auspices of the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists (W.A.V.A.), the International Committee on Veterinary Anatomical Nomenclature (I.C.V.A.N.) appointed in Giessen, 1965, a Subcommittee on Histology and Embryology which started a working relation with the Subcommittee on Histology of the former International Anatomical Nomenclature Committee. In Mexico City, 1971, this Subcommittee presented a document entitled Nomina Histologica Veterinaria: A Working Draft as a basis for the continued work of the newly-appointed Subcommittee on Histological Nomenclature. This resulted in the editing of the Nomina Histologica Veterinaria: A Working Draft II (Toulouse, 1974), followed by preparations for publication of a Nomina Histologica Veterinaria. -
Biology of Bone Repair
Biology of Bone Repair J. Scott Broderick, MD Original Author: Timothy McHenry, MD; March 2004 New Author: J. Scott Broderick, MD; Revised November 2005 Types of Bone • Lamellar Bone – Collagen fibers arranged in parallel layers – Normal adult bone • Woven Bone (non-lamellar) – Randomly oriented collagen fibers – In adults, seen at sites of fracture healing, tendon or ligament attachment and in pathological conditions Lamellar Bone • Cortical bone – Comprised of osteons (Haversian systems) – Osteons communicate with medullary cavity by Volkmann’s canals Picture courtesy Gwen Childs, PhD. Haversian System osteocyte osteon Picture courtesy Gwen Childs, PhD. Haversian Volkmann’s canal canal Lamellar Bone • Cancellous bone (trabecular or spongy bone) – Bony struts (trabeculae) that are oriented in direction of the greatest stress Woven Bone • Coarse with random orientation • Weaker than lamellar bone • Normally remodeled to lamellar bone Figure from Rockwood and Green’s: Fractures in Adults, 4th ed Bone Composition • Cells – Osteocytes – Osteoblasts – Osteoclasts • Extracellular Matrix – Organic (35%) • Collagen (type I) 90% • Osteocalcin, osteonectin, proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans, lipids (ground substance) – Inorganic (65%) • Primarily hydroxyapatite Ca5(PO4)3(OH)2 Osteoblasts • Derived from mesenchymal stem cells • Line the surface of the bone and produce osteoid • Immediate precursor is fibroblast-like Picture courtesy Gwen Childs, PhD. preosteoblasts Osteocytes • Osteoblasts surrounded by bone matrix – trapped in lacunae • Function -
Bone Cartilage Dense Fibrous CT (Tendons & Nonelastic Ligaments) Dense Elastic CT (Elastic Ligaments)
Chapter 6 Content Review Questions 1-8 1. The skeletal system consists of what connective tissues? Bone Cartilage Dense fibrous CT (tendons & nonelastic ligaments) Dense elastic CT (elastic ligaments) List the functions of these tissues. Bone: supports the body, protects internal organs, provides levers on which muscles act, store minerals, and produce blood cells. Cartilage provides a model for bone formation and growth, provides a smooth cushion between adjacent bones, and provides firm, flexible support. Tendons attach muscles to bones and ligaments attach bone to bone. 2. Name the major types of fibers and molecules found in the extracellular matrix of the skeletal system. Collagen Proteoglycans Hydroxyapatite Water Minerals How do they contribute to the functions of tendons, ligaments, cartilage and bones? The collagen fibers of tendons and ligaments make these structures very tough, like ropes or cables. Collagen makes cartilage tough, whereas the water-filled proteoglycans make it smooth and resistant. As a result, cartilage is relatively rigid, but springs back to its original shape if it is bent or slightly compressed, and it is an excellent shock absorber. The extracellular matrix of bone contains collagen and minerals, including calcium and phosphate. Collagen is a tough, ropelike protein, which lends flexible strength to the bone. The mineral component gives the bone compression (weight-bearing) strength. Most of the mineral in the bone is in the form of hydroxyapatite. 3. Define the terms diaphysis, epiphysis, epiphyseal plate, medullary cavity, articular cartilage, periosteum, and endosteum. Diaphysis – the central shaft of a long bone. Epiphysis – the ends of a long bone. Epiphyseal plate – the site of growth in bone length, found between each epiphysis and diaphysis of a long bone and composed of cartilage. -
The Histology of Epiphyseal Union in Mammals
J. Anat. (1975), 120, 1, pp. 1-25 With 49 figures Printed in Great Britain The histology of epiphyseal union in mammals R. WHEELER HAINES* Visiting Professor, Department of Anatomy, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, London (Accepted 11 November 1974) INTRODUCTION Epiphyseal union may be defined as beginning with the completion of the first mineralized bridge between epiphyseal and diaphyseal bone and ending with the complete disappearance of the cartilaginous epiphyseal plate and its replacement by bone and marrow. The phases have been described by Sidhom & Derry (1931) and many others from radiographs, but histological material showing union in progress is rare, probably because of the rapidity with which union, once begun, comes to completion (Stephenson, 1924; Dawson, 1929). Dawson (1925, 1929) described the histology of 'lapsed union' in rats, where the larger epiphyses at the 'growing ends' of the long bones remain un-united through- out life. He and Becks et al. (1948) also discussed the early and complete type of union found at the distal end of the humerus in the rat. Here a single narrow per- foration pierced the cartilaginous plate near the olecranon fossa and later spread to destroy the whole plate. Lassila (1928) described a different type of union in the metatarsus of the calf, with multiple perforations of the plate. Apart from a few notes on human material (Haines & Mohiuddin, 1960, 1968), nothing else seems to have been published on the histology of union in mammals. In this paper more abundant material from dog and man is presented and will serve as a basis for discussion of the main features of the different types of union.