DOCSLIB.ORG

GIPE-085247-Contents.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
GIPE-085247-Contents.Pdf Dhananjayarao Gadgil Library 111111111111111111111111111111111111 liD GIPE-PUNE-08S247 _ _ -(>"'8F'.,..: • . SERVANTs OF iNOI.\.:$QCIEn'S LIBRARY, . ~ .. ~:': ·fdoN~·. .. Cl. N 0.1(~;:; • 5. t'4: . Date ofrelease for loan Ac. No. ~ls.2.41 . .GtS;JS.~ SEP1S0j This book should be returned OD or bdore the date last meDtio~ed below • • Failure to comply will involvB cancellation 'oj the Bom)wer's Card andjor/eiture oj deposit • . ~~------------------------~ . 21l ~197r 'J AVtiI9J~1 (f -AUG.t979 l3 S'EP1~19 ,,2JAN \9~~ . 2 7 AUG l~ bl \ 9 - t,.-8.3 (Ill I&'1) -~, AUG t~9 ..: B. P.P.] * MERQAN'l'ILISM MERCANTILISM by ELI F. HECKSCHER Authorized Translation by MENDEL SHAPIRO Revised. Edition Edited b..., E. F. SODERLUND VOLUME TWO LONDON: GEORGE ALLEN & UNWIN LTD NEW YORK: THE MACMILLAN COMPANY First publish.d in Sw.dish in 1931 "The"English /ranslation, pr.par.dfrom the GmtI4n .dition and revised by the author, published in 1935 Revised lind Edition 1955 This book is copyright under th. Berne Convention. Apart from any fair dealing for lhe purposes of prWa" study, research, criticism or review, as per­ mit"d under the Copyright Act 1911, no portion may be reproduced by any process without writUn per­ mission. E"'luiry should b. made 10 the publisher. © George Allm and Unwin Ltd.• 1935 X5.5·M GS. J J5·!J- ca 5247 PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY BRADFORD AND DICKENS LONDON W.C.I CONTENTS VOLUME II PART II Mercantilism as a System oj Power ."GB I: THE ESSENCE OF THE SYSTEM OF POWER Nationalism and the interests ofthe state 13~-The state as an end in itself 16.-8tatic conception 23.-Eclectic point of view 29. II: METHODS OF THE POLICY OF POWER Two methods 31.-Defence on land 32.-8hipping and the colonies M.-8elf-sufficiency 40.-Population 44.­ Money 46.-Relationship to the general economic policy 49· PART III Mercantilism as a System oj Protection I: DIFFERENT ATTITUDES TOWARDS COMMODITIES 53 II: STAPLE POLICY 60 I. INTRODUcnoN 60 2. J4VELOPMENT 62 North Italy 62.-Germany 65.-Other countries 68.- The Old Colonial System 7o.-Interpretation 71. 3. CoNNECTION WITH OTIIER TENDENCIES. THE TREATMENT OP IIt'MERCHANT_STR.ANGERS" 73 III: THE POLICY OF PROVISION 80 I. In PORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT 80 Statistical analysis 81.-General characteristics 84-­ Types of goods 88.-Chronology of the policy go.-Its persistence: as regards food-stuffs 91, in general 94. 2. CAUSES 96 Fiscalism g6.-Military considerations gS.-8carcity of goods 101.-Uncertainty 101.-Monopoly interests 102- Natural economy 103. 8 CONTENTS P.08 3. ITS 'DECLINE AND THE TRANSITION TO PROTECTIONISM 104 Criticism of the policy of provision 104.-Its connection with protectionist policy, the precious metals 107.-Luxury imports, non-durable articles 107.-Means of production 110. IV: THE POLICY OF PROTECTION 112 I. ITS NATuRE AND ITS CONNECTION WITH THE ATTEMPTS TO CREATE EMPLOYMENT 112 Long-term' policy 112.-"Fear of goods" 114--The meaning ofselling 118.-Creation of employment 121.­ Relationship to the colonies 124, export of coin 125, labour-saving methods I 26.-Production as an end 130. 2. HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS 130 Ancient forerunners: the idea of autarchy 130, "to sell, not to buy" 131.-Municipal policy 132: the "Bonn­ meile" 133, Gild compulsion 133.-General principles I 36.-Change of opinion I 36.-Main explanation: money economy 138. 3. ITS RISE AND EARLIEST HISTORY 139 North Italy 139: "Balance of bargains" 141.-The Netherlands 142 ....,..England 142.-France 145. 4. ATTITUDE TO THE FACTORS OF PRODUCTION: RAw MATERIALS AND LABOUR 145 Raw materials, machines 146.-System of solidarity 151. -Labour 152.-The interconnection and general out- look 153.-Conception of idleness 154.-Child labour 155.-Population policy 157.-Its relation to low wages 163.-Support for high wages 168. PART IV Mercantilism as a Monetary System I: THE CONNECTION BE1WEEN MONETARY AND GOODS POLICY 175 II: THE IMPORTANCE OF THE PRECIOUS METALS OUT- SIDE THE MECHANISM OF EXCHANGE 185 I. INTRODUCTION 185 2. IDENTIFICATION OF WEALTH AND MONEY 186 3. DISREGARD OF CONSUMPTION 191 CONTENTS .....9 4· THE WEA OF SURPLUS 196 s· MONEY AS CAPITAL AND REVEHUB 199 6. ACCUMULATION OF TREASURE 209 III: THE MECHANISM OF EXCHANGE 21 7 I. THE IMPORTANCE OF CIRCULATION. NATURAL AND MONEY ECONOMY 21 7 2. SCARCITY OF MONEY 221 3. THE Q.UANT!TY THEORY. RISING PRICES 224 4. INPLATION. PAPER MONEY MERCANTILISM 23 1 IV: THE EXCHANGE RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER COUNTRIES I. "SELLING CHEAP AND BUYING DEAR" 2. THE FOREIGN EXCHANGES 3. PaoHIBmoN OF THE EXPORT OF SILVER AND THE BALANCE OF TRADE THEORY 4. THE CONVENTIONAL NATURE OF MONEY ApPENDIX: MERCANTILIST LITERATURE IN MODERN WORKS 262 PART V Mercantilism as a Conception of Society I: THE CONCORD BETWEEN MERCANTILISM AND LAISSEZ-FAIRE 269 II: THE NATURE OF THE MERCANTILIST CONCEPTION OF SOCIETY 273 I. FREEDOM AND TRADE 273 Industrial liberty as a programme 273.-Causes 277.­ General ideas 277. the blessings of trade 277. merchant influences 281. aversion from state undertakings 282 trade war 28S. 2. Ennes AND RELIGION 285 Amoral ends 286: the taking ofinterest 286, luxury 289 tobacco 292.-Amoral means 293 : industrial efforts 293. duties instead of prohibitions 294. commercializing of the administration ofjustice 297. GaUey slaves 298.­ .Irreligion 302: Celibacy and Almsgiving 302, the spirit . trade 303. heresy 303. Jews 305 CONTENTS PAO. lI. SOCIAL CAUSATION 308 "Nature" 308.-Impotence of interference 3Io.-The sense of causation 314. III: THE CONTRAST BETWEEN MERCANTILISM AND LAISSEZ-FAIRE Inconsistencies 317.-CaUsation, not Iumnonia praestahilita lila-Inadequacy of the merchan~ interests 320.-Ten­ dencies to pure liberalism 322.-Relation between the component parts of mercantilism 323. CONCLUSION AFTER MERCANTILISM The nature of liberalism 325.-Effects of mercantilism on the monetary system 331.-The protectionist system in relation to conservatism or the historical approach 334.­ Humanitarianism in relation to later tendencies 337.­ Similarity and dissimilarity of the non-liberal tendencies 338• KEYNES AND MERCANTILISM 340 ADDENDA 359 INDEX TO BOTH VOLUMES 369 PAR T II MERCANTILISM AS A SYSTEM OF POWER ERRATA 11,13. Insert footnote number 1 after Chaptet title. Delete row of asterisks. Substitute footnote:- I. The present chapter has been largely re-written on the basis of a criticism of the original chapter by Professor Jacob Viner in his essay "Power versus Plenty as Objectives of Foreign Policy in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries". (World Politics I, 1948, 1-29). This article will be discussed in detail later. See below II, 359 If., Addendum, para. 1. 11,450. , 'Entry under Viner, 1. After 18th centuries delete 25. INDEX TO BOTH VOLUMES IND.EX All page numbers without volume indication refer to Volume I of the present work. Where they refer to Volume II they are preceded' by the Roman numeral "Ir'. References to two consecutive pages are followed. as a rule. by the letter" f .... while" 0:: denotts three consecutive pages. For more than three. the first and last pages are given. An asterisk after a; number indicates a footnote. but where something is mentioned both in the text and in a footnote. only the former is indicated. ,Names of people are printed i~ small capitals. titles of books; pamphlets and articles in italics. Works flf known or presumptive authars are to be found under the authors' names; collections of documents. collective works and writings of unknown authors are to be found under their respective titles. Names of anonymous authors are in square brackets. Under the name of the publisher or editor reference is made to the particular work. Abbeville: van Robais' cloth factory, Agrarian protection: combined with 188, n 304 , industrial protection, 225 f. ; com­ Abo; monopoly in foreign trade, 135 parison between England 'and Absolutism, 296, 456, 474, n 277 continental countries, 300; Den­ Academie de peinture et de sculpture. ,mark and Brandenburg, II 93; 177, 185 'Li~t's attitude towards, II 335 Acta Borussica. 59*, 71*, II 92* f. ; cf. Agriculture: France: supply of SCHMOLLEll, G. ' labour, 156; industry favoured in Act of Union: between England and' preference to agriculture, 211; Scotland (1707), 53; between unique example in favour of Great Britain and Ireland (1800), agriculture, 212* ; England: 54. peculiar position in the English Acts and Ordinances of the Eastland system of industrial regulation, Company, 374*,379*,381*,383*, 224-232, 238, 239, 250, 272; con-· 414*, 424*, 450* nection with quantity of money Acts and Ordinances of the Interreg­ according to Hume, n 236; num, n 37* according to Locke, 11 240 Acts of the Privy Council, 268*, 269*, Aides: connection with the tolls, 94, 328· 97, 124 Admission fee: in the regulated Aix, II 306 companies, 386 f.;' in the joint ALBION,II.. G.: Forests and Sea Power. stock-companies, 396, 411 f. II 40*, II 43· Aerarium, II 211. ALBRECHT of Hapsburg, 62 AOaires extraordinaires: French lis- Aldcaldamentos. II 141 calism, 180 , Alen~on: its cloth industry, reglement, AFFO: Storia della cittd di Parma, II 159; warden with gild orBaniza­ 140- tion in the neighbourhood of the Africa Company: 11. Trading com­ town, 207; child-labour, II 156 panies Algiers: piracy, II 314 African trade: Portugal, 341f.; Eng­ Alingsas manufactures (Sweden), 191·, land: partnerships, 390 II 147 Agents (factors), II 76 ALMQUIST, B.: Goteborgs historia, 37· 342 INDEX A1sace, 68: Alsatian wine, 60; posi­ 103, 108; weights and measures, tion in French toll system, 98; 113 cleaning-up of the tolls, 108 Ansbach-Bayreuth: road tolls, 58; ALSTROMBR, I., II 147 toU war with Wiirzburg-Bamberg, A1tmark, 75 76. Alum: French toll, 93; as check on ANSIAux, M.B Prosperiti et decadence dyeing, 163 ; English toll. II 87 de l'Espagne, II 180· .\MARK, L: Spannmalshandel och Anti-capitalist tendencies: under the spannmalspolitik i Sverige, II 81·, Stuarts and Tudors, 257 II 93·, II 95·, II 352 f.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Investment in the East India Company
    The University of Manchester Research The Global Interests of London's Commercial Community, 1599-1625: investment in the East India Company DOI: 10.1111/ehr.12665 Document Version Accepted author manuscript Link to publication record in Manchester Research Explorer Citation for published version (APA): Smith, E. (2018). The Global Interests of London's Commercial Community, 1599-1625: investment in the East India Company. The Economic History Review, 71(4), 1118-1146. https://doi.org/10.1111/ehr.12665 Published in: The Economic History Review Citing this paper Please note that where the full-text provided on Manchester Research Explorer is the Author Accepted Manuscript or Proof version this may differ from the final Published version. If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the Research Explorer are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Takedown policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please refer to the University of Manchester’s Takedown Procedures [http://man.ac.uk/04Y6Bo] or contact [email protected] providing relevant details, so we can investigate your claim. Download date:05. Oct. 2021 The global interests of London’s commercial community, 1599-1625: investment in the East India Company The English East India Company (EIC) has long been identified as an organisation that foreshadowed developments in finance, investment and overseas expansion that would come to fruition over the course of the following two centuries.
    [Show full text]
  • Institutional Innovations, Theories of the Firm, and the Formation of the East India Company
    UC Berkeley Berkeley Program in Law and Economics, Working Paper Series Title Institutional Innovations, Theories of the Firm, and the Formation of the East India Company Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2216c263 Author Harris, Ron Publication Date 2004-02-01 eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Institutional Innovations, Theories of the Firm and the Formation of the East India Company Ron Harris* Preliminary Draft - February 2004 Please do not quote or cite without the permission of the author * Professor of Law and Legal History, School of Law, Tel Aviv University, Visiting Professor Boalt Hall School of Law, UC Berkeley ([email protected] [email protected]) The English East India Company [EIC] is considered to be the first significant publicly-held joint-stock corporation in England, in Europe, and, in fact, in the world. Some would say that it was the first multi-divisional or multinational corporation in history. It was the largest merchant corporation in the world throughout much of its 250+ years of existence. It had a monopoly over England’s trade with Asia, played a significant role in financing the British State, and eventually became the ruler of the Indian sub- continent. The EIC was chartered on a symbolic date: December 31st 1600. It predated by almost a century the formation of an effective market in stocks in Britain which began to pick up as a market place for government bonds after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and only became an active market in corporate shares in the 18th century.
    [Show full text]
  • Enterprising Empires Matthew P. Romaniello Index More Information
    Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-49757-2 — Enterprising Empires Matthew P. Romaniello Index More Information Index Abbas II, Shah of Iran, 30–1 Appelbaum, Richard, 8 Academy of Sciences, 101, 220, 222–3, Apraksin, Stepan Fedorovich, 161, 164 226–7 Arapov, Semen, 131, 150, 156 Act of Union, 96. See also Great Britain Arkhangel’sk, 3, 7, 22, 25–7, 31, 33–4, Acts of Navigation, 13, 40–3, 45, 47, 49, 38–9, 41–2, 49, 58, 65, 72, 78, 80, 58, 60, 71, 82, 88, 93, 108, 120, 86–7, 90–1, 93, 95, 145, 178, 184–6, 132–3, 135, 137, 175, 179, 197, 260. 191, 205, 219, 221, 232, 240–1, 249 See also Navigation Act of 1651, 1660, Armed Neutrality, 12, 201–2, 204–5, and 1663; regulations 207–9, 230. See also American Adams, John Quincy, 241 Revolution Admiralty (Britain), 237–8. See also navy Armenian Company, 62, 87, 131, 133. Admiralty (Russia), 129, 225. See also navy See also Armenians Afinogenov, Gregory, 229 Armenians, 62, 95, 98, 106, 119, 130, 133, Agryzhans, 151 135–40, 144, 147, 149, 151, 173, 177, alcohol, 87, 97–8, 215, 218, 244, 252. 183, 189, 232. See also Armenian See also taverns, wine Company, Persian Company Aleksei Mikhailovich, Tsar of Russia, 29, asbestos, 100 31, 38, 42–3, 46 Aster, John Jacob, 252 Aleutian Islands, 188, 224–7, 255. See also Astrabad, 121 Kodiak, Sitka, Unalaska islands Astrakhan, 23, 30, 33–5, 63, 76, 82, 99, Algarotti, Francesco, 158–9 119, 132, 136–7, 145, 152, 154, 158, Alta California, 9, 212–13, 236–7, 243–4, 177, 183–4, 198, 200, 232, 257.
    [Show full text]
  • The Emergence of the Joint-Stock Companies in the Dutch Republic and Their Democratic Elements in Business
    Munich Personal RePEc Archive The emergence of the joint-stock companies in the Dutch Republic and their democratic elements in business Economou, Emmanouel/Marios/Lazaros and Kyriazis, Nicholas University of Thessaly, Department of Economics, University of Thessaly, Department of Economics 10 January 2019 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/91447/ MPRA Paper No. 91447, posted 17 Jan 2019 09:55 UTC The emergence of the joint-stock companies in the Dutch Republic and their democratic elements in business1 Emmanouil-Marios L. Economou1 and Nicholas Kyriazis2 1,2 Department of Economics, University of Thessaly, 28 October 78, PC: 38333, Volos Thessaly Greece Abstract In the present essay we analyse the emergence of joint-stock companies during the 16th and 17th centuries in business (the Dutch partenrederij), and the VOC East India Companies). We suggest that in the Dutch Republic (DR) characterised by relative weak central authority, market solutions were found to solve organisation problems and these solutions, the first joint-stock companies, are efficient but also democratic in their structure. The DR demonstrate that democratic elements emerge in parallel in the economy (sometimes even preceding) and in the political field, which can be mutually reinforcing. Keywords: Joint-stock companies, Dutch Republic, Democratic elements in business 1. Introduction There is a substantial and growing literature on the emergence of joint–stock companies (Lawson 1993; Leeson 2009; Robins 2012; Roy 2012; Vlami 2015; Kyriazis, Metaxas and Economou 2018 etc.) their operations and a discussion of specific aspects, as for example, the principal-agent problem (Carlos, 1992; Carlos and Stephen, 1996) or their influence on history, such as the expansion of European states in Asia and their transformation into empires (Rodger 1997, 2004; Gaastra 2003; Krishna 2014).
    [Show full text]
  • From Stockholm to St. Petersburg
    From Stockholm to St. Petersburg Commercial Factors in the Political Relations between England and Sweden 1675-1700 By Sven-Erik Åström Helsinki 1962 STUD IA HISTORICA Published by The Finnish Historical Society Suomen Historiallinen Seura — Finska Historiska Samfundet vol. 2 SVEN-ERIK ÅSTRÖM From Stockholm to St. Petersburg Commercial Factors in the Political Relations between England and Sweden 1675-1700 o TURUN SANOMALEHTI JA KIRJAPAINO OSAKEYHTIÖ TURKU 19(12 The dating of letters and documents is that of the originals. This means that Swedish documents are dated Old Style, whereas the English ones are usually dated according to both Old and New Styles. Where only one style is used this can be assumed to be the Old Style, which in the seventeenth cen- tury was for both England and Sweden ten days behind that of the New Style used on the Continent. One exception to the con- temporary dating has been adopted. In Eng- land the year began officially on Lady Day, March 25, though in many cases Englishmen, particularly when writing from abroad or to someone abroad, indicated the year between Jan. 1 and March 25 by double dating. For the sake of clarity I have always taken the year to begin on Jan. l. • Preface Northern Europe provides us with a sector of English foreign policy during the 17th and 18th centuries in which elements of power politics and commer- cial policy came together in an interesting way. Interests of trade and power were closely entwined in the political relations between England and the Nordic Kingdoms. The commercial element in England's Baltic policy during these critical years, especially at the beginning of the 18th century, has already been strongly emphasised by historians.1 So far, however, research has principally been concerned with connections between England and Russia and their economic aspects.
    [Show full text]
  • Re-Evaluating the Role of Voluntary Organisations: Merchant Networks, the Baltic, and the Expansion of European
    Working Papers No. 138/10 Re-evaluating the Role of Voluntary Organisations: Merchant Networks, the Baltic and the Expansion of European Long-Distance Trade . Esther Sahle © Esther Sahle April 2010 Department of Economic History London School of Economics Houghton Street London, WC2A 2AE Tel: +44 (0) 20 7955 7860 Fax: +44 (0) 20 7955 7730 Re-evaluating the Role of Voluntary Organisations: Merchant Networks, the Baltic and the Expansion of European Long-Distance Trade Esther Sahle Abstract Based on a letter book of the London Baltic merchant Michael Mitford dating 1703-1707 this paper argues that the ability of merchant networks to secure property rights in long distance trade must be re-evaluated. Contrary to the argument of the New Institutional Economists, these were not inferior to the nation state in facilitating the expansion of trade and thereby Smithean growth. It is shown that Mitford's network did not limit membership by non-economic criteria but adapted to the needs of trade. It efficiently solved the free-rider problem through a reputation mechanism. As social ties developed parallel to business ties, the shadow of the future was furthermore supported by the threat of ostracism from the community and helped maintain agents' honesty. Members shared a common set of values, including reciprocity, which played an important role in their conduct of business. The network's attempts at expansion were, however, of limited success. This is related to mercantilist policies and ongoing warfare in the region, not to the network's lacking ability. Furthermore it is shown that the network provided the members with contacts and business opportunities and thereby supported their business activities more than political institutions did.
    [Show full text]
  • The Organization of Long-Distance Trade in England and the Dutch Republic, 1550–16501
    Chapter 9 The Organization of Long-Distance Trade in England and the Dutch Republic, 1550–16501 Oscar Gelderblom Introduction Early modern states benefited from long-distance trade in a variety of ways. First, commerce was a major source of income, either directly through the levying of monopoly fees or customs, or indirectly through excises on consumer goods or impositions on the income and wealth of merchants.2 Second, the mercantile community was a principal source of credit for early modern states. Europe’s rulers borrowed from their own subjects, but also relied on foreign financiers to which the success of international money markets in Antwerp, Genoa, or Amsterdam clearly attests.3 Third, merchants were instruments of state policy. Privateers, suppliers of ships, weapons and ammunition, and the great colonial companies were major players in the inter-state rivalries that divided Europe.4 Finally, foolishly or not, early modern rulers attached great value to the role of trade in supplementing the state’s stock of gold and silver.5 1 The author is grateful to Bas van Bavel, Maartje van Gelder, Pierre Jeannin†, Sheilagh Ogilvie, and participants in the economic history seminar of the University Carlos III for helpful comments and suggestions. 2 Richard Bonney, ‘Revenues’, in Richard Bonney (ed.), Economic Systems and State Finance, (Oxford, 1995). 3 On Antwerp: Herman Van der Wee, The Growth of the Antwerp Market and the European Economy (14th–16th Centuries), 3 vols (Leuven, 1963), vol. 2, pp. 199–207; 220–22; On Genoa: Jacques Heers, Gênes au XVe Siècle. Activité Économique et Problèmes Sociaux (Paris, 1961), pp.
    [Show full text]
  • The Function of "Dysfunctional" Boards
    University of the Pacific Scholarly Commons McGeorge School of Law Scholarly Articles McGeorge School of Law Faculty Scholarship 2008 The uncF tion of "Dysfunctional" Boards Franklin A. Gevurtz Pacific cGeM orge School of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/facultyarticles Part of the Business Organizations Law Commons Recommended Citation Franklin A. Gevurtz, The unctF ion of "Dysfunctional" Boards, 77 U. Cin. L. Rev. 391 (2008). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the McGeorge School of Law Faculty Scholarship at Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in McGeorge School of Law Scholarly Articles by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE FUNCTION OF "DYSFUNCTIONAL" BOARDS Franklin A. Gevurtz* l. INTRODUCTION For many years , there was a scholar-in-residence on the Pacific McGeorge faculty named Abbott Goldberg. Abbot told me about a classmate of his at Harvard Law School, Louis Henkin, who ultimately became a University Professor (with the right to teach in any department) at Columbia University. Recognizing Henkin's utter brilliance , even as first year law student, Abbott asked Henkin what his approach was to studying law. Henkin answered that he outlined the substance of his courses. When Abbott seemed unimpressed, Henkin continued, "And then I outline the outlines." After Abbott asked what the next step was, Henkin explained, "And then I outline the outline of the outlines. " Abbott then said, "Don 't tell me, you then outline the outline of the outline of the outlines?" to which Henkin replied, "Now you got it".
    [Show full text]
  • Growth of Joint Stock Companies in the Seventeenth Century
    San Jose State University SJSU ScholarWorks Master's Theses Master's Theses and Graduate Research 2008 Growth of joint stock companies in the seventeenth century Tu Kha Tran San Jose State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses Recommended Citation Tran, Tu Kha, "Growth of joint stock companies in the seventeenth century" (2008). Master's Theses. 3511. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31979/etd.y7t2-rc58 https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/3511 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Master's Theses and Graduate Research at SJSU ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of SJSU ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. GROWTH OF JOINT STOCK COMPANIES IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of Economics San Jose State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts by Tu Kha Tran August 2008 UMI Number: 1459691 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. ® UMI UMI Microform 1459691 Copyright 2008 by ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code.
    [Show full text]
  • British Diplomats in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1580–1700)
    APPENDIX XII BRITISH DIPLOMATS IN THE POLIsh-LITHUANIAN COMMONWEALTH (1580–1700) Name Nationality Note Source Rogers, Dr John English or Envoy to Poland-Lithuania for the Bell, A Handlist, 153, (c.1538–1603) Scot Eastland Company. Acted also as a 213; Biegańska, “The special ambassador (from 6/8/1580 Learned Scots,” 26 to 1581) and spy until 1610. (calls him James); SSNE no. 3419. Herbert, John English Acted as an ambassador to Bell, A Handlist, (later Sir John;c.1540–1617) Denmark, Prussia, Poland and the 153, 213; SSNE no. 1410. Hanse towns (from 16/5/1583 to 1/9/1585). Harborne, William English In 1588 Harborne had an audience Bell, A Handlist, (1522–1617) with the Grand Chancellor of 154, 214; SSNE no. 1455. Poland. He visited Elbląg and Gdańsk. Parkins, Dr Christopher English Acted as a special ambassador. On Bell, A Handlist, 154, (later Sir Christopher; his journey to Denmark in 1590, 214; SSNE no. 1414. c.1543–1622) Parkins visited Poland, Prussia and the Hanse towns (from 9/5/1590 to c.26/7/1591 and again from 29/12/1594 to c.7/1595). Carew, George English Acted as a special ambassador to Bell, A Handlist, 155, (later Sir George; d. 1612) Sweden, Denmark and Poland (from 214; ODNB no. 4627; 20/5/1598 to 21/12/1598). He visited SSNE no. 1257. Gdańsk and Elbląg. Lyall, Henry (Lyel) Scot or The first Stuart-British Special Bell, A Handlist, 214; (fl. 1600–1610) English Ambassador to Poland (from SSNE no. 2404. 2/4/1603 to 8/8/1603).
    [Show full text]
  • Final Version
    World cities before globalisation The European city network, A.D. 1300-1600 by Raf Verbruggen Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Doctoral thesis of Loughborough University 3 June 2011 © by Raf Verbruggen 2011 The European city network, A.D. 1300-1600 Abstract This dissertation is a quantitative study of the spatial business strategies of 130 late medieval and 16 th -century European commercial and banking firms, the business networks of which have been put together for a structural analysis of the European city network between ca. 1300 and ca. 1600. Concretely this investigation has been carried out through the application of an interlocking network model – specifically developed for the study of the present-day global city network produced by the office networks of business service firms – to this historical case study, in order to challenge predominantly hierarchical conceptualisations of city networks which are often influenced by central place theory. After a methodological section, in which solutions are designed for reconciling the geographical model with the particularities of historical research, a first part of the analysis focuses on agency within the network, identifying and reconstructing the multiple spatial strategies used by the different agents. In a second part the overall structure and dynamics in the network are investigated, revealing the operation of Christaller’s traffic principle, as well as a cyclical variation in emphasis on continental and maritime nodes within the European city network. More generally, this study demonstrates that the functioning of dynamic transnational networks based upon complementarity and cooperation rather than competition is not limited to our contemporary globalised world, but can also be found in particular historical societies.
    [Show full text]
  • Revista Română De Studii Baltice Şi Nordice the Romanian Journal For
    Revista Română de Studii Baltice şi Nordice The Romanian Journal for Baltic and Nordic Studies Vol. 3, Issue 1 (2011) Târgovişte ISSN 2067-1725 E-ISSN: 2067-225X Revista Română de Studii Baltice şi Nordice, Vol. 3, Issue 1 (2011) Subscription information: Revista Română pentru Studii Baltice şi Nordice [The Romanian Journal for Baltic and Nordic Studies] (RRSBN) is a biannual multidisciplinary peer-reviewed journal dedicated to publishing the results of research in all fields which are intertwined with the aims of The Romanian Association for Baltic and Nordic Studies (www.arsbn.ro). The magazine is published in cooperation with Cetatea de Scaun Printing House, Targoviste, Romania (www.cetateadescaun.ro). Annual subscription: Institution Lei 60 € 20 £ 17 $ 28 Individual Lei 40 € 15 £ 13 $ 21 Online: free download (www.arsbn.ro/RRSBN.htm) Ordering information: Asociatia Româna pentru Studii Baltice si Nordice (ARSBN) 35 Lt. Stancu Ion St., 130105 Târgoviste, Romania Telephone: (004) 0724403094, Fax: E-mail: [email protected] Online store: http://www.arsbn.ro/store.htm Advertising: The ARSBN offers the companies the possibility to advertise their products and services in the pages of RRSBN. For more details, please contact the secretary of ARSBN at e-mail: [email protected] Exchanges: The magazine is open to any suggestions of publications exchange coming from publications with a similar profile or from any kind of scientific publications from Baltic and Nordic states. Quality process: Although by its peer-review process and quality standards we are striving to produce good quality articles, the RRSBN makes no representations or warranties of any kind, express or implied, about the completeness, accuracy, reliability, suitability or availability with respect to the articles presented in print or on the site.
    [Show full text]