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North Dakota 2016 Integrated Section 305(B) Water Quality Assessment Report and Section 303(D) List of Waters Needing Total Maximum Daily Loads

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North Dakota 2016 Integrated Section 305(B) Water Quality Assessment Report and Section 303(D) List of Waters Needing Total Maximum Daily Loads North Dakota 2016 Integrated Section 305(b) Water Quality Assessment Report and Section 303(d) List of Waters Needing Total Maximum Daily Loads Submitted to the US EPA January 23, 2017 Approved February 21, 2017 North Dakota 2016 Integrated Section 305(b) Water Quality Assessment Report and Section 303(d) List of Waters Needing Total Maximum Daily Loads Doug Burgum, Governor Arvy Smith and L. David Glatt, Co-acting State Health Officer North Dakota Department of Health Division of Water Quality Gold Seal Center, 4th Floor 918 East Divide Ave. Bismarck, North Dakota 58501-1947 701.328.5210 . Cover Photograph Photograph of Gravel Lake located in the Turtle Mountain region of the state (Rolette County). Gravel Lake was sampled by the North Dakota Department of Health in 2012 as part of the US EPA sponsored National Lakes Assessment. i CONTENTS PART I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................. I-1 PART II. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. II-1 A. Section 305(b) Water Quality Assessment Report .......................................................... II-1 B. Section 303(d) TMDL List of Water Quality-limited Waters.......................................... II-1 PART III. BACKGROUND ............................................................................................... III-1 A. Atlas ................................................................................................................................. III-1 B. Total Waters ..................................................................................................................... III-2 C. Water Pollution Control Program .................................................................................... III-3 Chapter 1. Water Quality Standards Program........................................................... III-3 Chapter 2. Point Source Control Program ................................................................ III-6 Chapter 3. Nonpoint Source (NPS) Pollution Management Program ...................... III-10 Waterbody Prioritization ................................................................................ III-15 Resource Assessment ..................................................................................... III-18 Project Assistance .......................................................................................... III-19 Coordination .................................................................................................. III-22 Public Outreach and Education ...................................................................... III-24 Program Evaluation ....................................................................................... III-28 Watershed Project Case History: Wild Rice River Watershed (Richland County) .......................................................................................................... III-33 Chapter 4. Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) Program ...................................... III-34 Chapter 5. Coordination with Other Agencies .......................................................... III-37 D. Cost/Benefit Assessment.................................................................................................. III-38 E. Special State Concerns and Recommendations ................................................................ III-39 PART IV. SURFACE WATER MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................... IV-1 A. Surface Water Quality Monitoring Program .................................................................... IV-1 Chapter 1. Monitoring Goals and Objectives ........................................................... IV-1 Chapter 2. Monitoring Program, Projects and Studies ............................................. IV-2 Ambient Water Quality Monitoring Network for Rivers and Streams .......... IV-2 Ecoregion Reference Network Monitoring Program ..................................... IV-8 Lake Water Quality Assessment Program ..................................................... IV-10 ii National Aquatic Resource Surveys and State Intensification Projects ......... IV-11 Fish Tissue Contaminant Surveillance Program ............................................ IV-16 NPS Pollution Management Program Monitoring ......................................... IV-16 Support Projects and Special Studies ............................................................. IV-18 Complaint and Fish Kill Investigations ......................................................... IV-18 Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) Surveillance Program ................................. IV-19 Stream Flow ................................................................................................... IV-21 B. Assessment Methodology. ............................................................................................... IV-22 Chapter 1. Introduction ............................................................................................. IV-22 Chapter 2. Assessment Database (ADB) .................................................................. IV-22 Chapter 3. Beneficial Use Designation ..................................................................... IV-23 Chapter 4. Sufficient and Credible Data Requirements ............................................ IV-23 Chapter 5. Existing and Available Water Quality Data ............................................ IV-25 Rivers and Stream Assessment Data.............................................................. IV-25 Lake and Reservoir Assessment Data ............................................................ IV-27 Fish Consumption Use Assessment Data ...................................................... IV-28 Other Agency/Organization Assessment Data............................................... IV-28 Chapter 6. Beneficial Use Assessment Methodology. .............................................. IV-29 Chapter 7. Assessment Categories ............................................................................ IV-29 PART V. SECTION 305(b) WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT ................................. V-1 A. Rivers and Streams Water Quality Assessment ............................................................... V-1 Chapter 1. Assessment Category Summary .............................................................. V-1 Chapter 2. Section 305(b) Water Quality Summary ................................................. V-3 Chapter 3. State-wide Statistical Survey Results for Rivers and Streams ................ V-6 Sample Sites ................................................................................................... V-6 Biological Condition ...................................................................................... V-8 Indicators of Stress ......................................................................................... V-11 Human Health Considerations ....................................................................... V-19 B. Lakes and Reservoirs Water Quality Assessment ............................................................ V-22 Chapter 1. Assessment Category Summary .............................................................. V-22 Chapter 2. Section 305(b) Water Quality Summary ................................................. V-23 Chapter 3. Trophic Status ......................................................................................... V-27 Chapter 4. Control Methods ...................................................................................... V-28 Chapter 5. Restoration/Rehabilitation Efforts........................................................... V-28 Chapter 6. Acid Effects on Lakes and Reservoirs .................................................... V-28 Chapter 7. Toxic Effects on Lakes and Reservoirs ................................................... V-29 Harmful Algal Blooms and Cyanotoxins ....................................................... V-29 Mercury in Fish .............................................................................................. V-29 Chapter 8. State-wide Statistical Survey Results for Lakes and Reservoirs ............. V-30 Sample Sites ................................................................................................... V-30 Biological Condition ...................................................................................... V-32 Stressors to Lake Biota .................................................................................. V-34 iii Suitability for Recreation Use ........................................................................ V-38 Summary ........................................................................................................ V-41 C. Wetlands Assessment ....................................................................................................... V-42 Chapter 1. Background ............................................................................................. V-42 Chapter 2. Extent of Wetland Resources .................................................................. V-43 Chapter 3. Integrity of Wetland Resources ............................................................... V-45 Chapter 4. Statewide Statistical Survey Results for Wetlands ................................. V-47 Sample Sites ..................................................................................................
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