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Prepared in Cooperation with the North Dakota State Water Commission Prepared in cooperation with the North Dakota State Water Commission 2009 Spring Floods in North Dakota, Western Minnesota, and Northeastern South Dakota Scientific Investigations Report 2010–5225 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Cover. Streamgage at Cedar Creek near Haynes, North Dakota on March 22, 2009 (fig. 2, site 33). Photograph by U.S. Geological Survey personnel. 2009 Spring Floods in North Dakota, Western Minnesota, and Northeastern South Dakota By Kathleen M. Macek-Rowland and Tara A. Gross Prepared in cooperation with the North Dakota State Water Commission Scientific Investigations Report 2010–5225 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior KEN SALAZAR, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Marcia K. McNutt, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2011 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment, visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1–888–ASK–USGS. For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation: Macek-Rowland, K.M., and Gross, T.A., 2011, 2009 Spring floods in North Dakota, western Minnesota, and northeast- ern South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010–5225, 41 p. iii Contents Abstract ..........................................................................................................................................................1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................1 Flood Recurrence...........................................................................................................................................3 Climatology of the Missouri River and Red River of the North Basins ................................................4 Meteorological Conditions in 2008–09 .......................................................................................................4 2009 Spring Floods .........................................................................................................................................5 Missouri River Basin ............................................................................................................................5 Missouri River Subbasin .............................................................................................................6 Little Missouri River Subbasin ...................................................................................................8 Subbasins of Other Tributaries to the Missouri River ..........................................................12 James River Subbasin ..............................................................................................................13 Red River of the North Basin ............................................................................................................15 Red River of the North Subbasin .............................................................................................17 Subbasins of Other Tributaries to the Red River of the North ............................................25 Sheyenne River Subbasin ........................................................................................................26 Devils Lake Subbasin ................................................................................................................26 Souris River Subbasin ...............................................................................................................31 2009 Elevations and Contents of Selected Reservoirs and Lakes ..............................................36 Summary........................................................................................................................................................36 Acknowledgments .......................................................................................................................................39 Selected References ..................................................................................................................................39 Glossary .........................................................................................................................................................41 iv Figures 1. Map showing selected river subbasins in North Dakota, western Minnesota, and northeastern South Dakota .................................................................................................2 2. Map showing locations of selected streamgages, rivers, streams, lakes, and cities in the Missouri River subbasin in North Dakota ...................................................7 3. Map showing ecoregions of North Dakota, Minnesota, and South Dakota .......................8 4. Map showing locations of selected streamgages, rivers, streams, lakes, and cities in the James River subbasin in North Dakota and northeastern South Dakota ...............................................................................................................................14 5. Map showing locations of selected streamgages, rivers, streams, lakes, and cities in the Red River of the North subbasin in North Dakota, western Minnesota, and northeastern South Dakota ..........................................................18 6. Website hydrograph of the Red River of the North at Fargo, North Dakota, spring 2009 ...................................................................................................................................24 7. Map showing locations of selected streamgages, rivers, streams, lakes, and cities in the Sheyenne River subbasin in North Dakota ...............................................28 8. Map showing locations of selected streamgages, rivers, lakes, streams, lakes, and cities in the Devils Lake subbasin in North Dakota ...........................................32 9. Map showing locations of selected streamgages, rivers, lakes, streams, lakes, and cities in the Souris River subbasin in North Dakota ..........................................34 10. Map showing locations of selected reservoirs and lakes in the Missouri River and Red River of the North subbasins in North Dakota, western Minnesota, and northeastern South Dakota ..........................................................................37 Tables 1. Recurrence intervals and the corresponding annual exceedence probability .................4 2. Record of daily snowfall totals for Bismarck, North Dakota, for 2008–09 winter ..............5 3. Snowfall totals for selected cities or towns in the Missouri River and Red River of the North subbasins in North Dakota, western Minnesota, and northeastern South Dakota, for 1997 and 2008–09 ..........................................................6 4. Historical and 2009 peak of record stages and discharges for the Missouri River subbasin in North Dakota ..................................................................................................9 5. Historical and 2009 peak of record stages and discharges for the James River subbasin in North Dakota ................................................................................................16 6. Historical and 2009 peak of record stages and discharges for the Red River of the North subbasin in North Dakota, western Minnesota, and northeastern South Dakota .......................................................................................................19 7. Historical and 2009 peak of record stages and discharges for the Sheyenne River subbasin in North Dakota .............................................................................29 8. Historical and 2009 peak of record stages and discharges for the Devils Lake subbasin in North Dakota ....................................................................................33 9. Historical and 2009 peak of record stages and discharges for the Souris River subbasin in North Dakota ................................................................................................35 10. Historical, 1997, and 2009 peak elevations of selected reservoirs and lakes in the Missouri River and Red River of the North subbasins of North Dakota, western Minnesota, and northeastern South Dakota ..........................................................38 v Conversion Factors Inch/Pound to SI Multiply By To obtain Length inch (in) 2.54 centimeter (cm) foot (ft) 0.3048 meter (m) mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer (km) Area square mile (mi2) 259.0 hectare (ha) square mile (mi2) 2.590 square kilometer (km2) Volume acre-foot (acre-ft) 1,233 cubic meter (m3) acre-foot (acre-ft) 0.001233 cubic hectometer (hm3) Flow rate cubic foot per second (ft3/s) 0.02832 cubic meter per second (m3/s) Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (°F) may be converted to degrees Celsius (°C) as follows: °C=(°F-32)/1.8 Vertical coordinate information is referenced to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 29). Horizontal coordinate information is referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83). Altitude,
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