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Université De Montréal La Fantasmatique Du Grand Remplacement Dans Le Roman Français Contemporain (Renaud Camus, Éric Ze

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Université De Montréal La Fantasmatique Du Grand Remplacement Dans Le Roman Français Contemporain (Renaud Camus, Éric Ze Université de Montréal La fantasmatique du grand remplacement dans le roman français contemporain (Renaud Camus, Éric Zemmour, Michel Houellebecq) par Simon Danis Département des littératures de langue française Faculté des arts et des sciences Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales en vue de l’obtention du grade de M.A. en littératures de langue française Février 2016 © Simon Danis, 2016 Université de Montréal Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales Ce mémoire intitulé : La fantasmatique du grand remplacement dans le roman français contemporain (Renaud Camus, Éric Zemmour, Michel Houellebecq) présenté par : par Simon Danis a été évalué par un jury composé des personnes suivantes : Catherine Mavrikakis président-rapporteur Pierre Popovic directeur de recherche Gilles Dupuis membre du jury RÉSUMÉ L’imaginaire social français est aujourd’hui dominé par une peur lancinante. Au début du XXIe siècle, les angoisses démographiques et culturelles entretenues par une partie des intellectuels trouvent de nouvelles assises dans la popularisation de la fantasmatique du « grand remplacement », un scénario conspirationniste qui annonce un changement de population sur le territoire français où une civilisation orientale prend peu à peu la place des « idéaux occidentaux ». La littérature a la particularité de mettre en récit des représentations et des débats précis qui circulent dans l’imaginaire social. Cette étude évalue le travail d’invention spécifique à la littérature produit dans trois romans – L’Épuisant désir de ces choses de Renaud Camus, Petit frère d’Éric Zemmour et Soumission de Michel Houellebecq – qui créent, modifient et reconfigurent cette fantasmatique. Ces textes décrivent et anticipent la fin de la Ve République telle qu’elle est aujourd’hui connue, mais de façons différentes. Pour des raisons ethniques, civiques ou métaphysiques, ils laissent entendre que désormais « la France, c’est les autres! ». Mots-clés : littérature française contemporaine ; sociocritique ; imaginaire social ; nouveaux réactionnaires (grand remplacement, déclin national) ; Renaud Camus ; Éric Zemmour ; Michel Houellebecq. iii ABSTRACT A haunting fear pervades the French social imaginary. In the early twenty-first century the demographic and cultural anxieties of certain intellectuals took root in the popularization of the "great replacement" phantasmatic ; a scenario that announced changes in the populations of French territories, a conspiracy that would lead to Eastern culture eventually replacing "occidental ideals". Literature makes it possible for representations and precise debates circulating in the social imaginary to come alive through storytelling. The present study will evaluate the invention work, specific to literature, that was produced in Renaud Camus's L’Épuisant désir de ces choses, Éric Zemmour's Petit frère and Michel Houellebecq's Soumission. The novels in question create, alter, and reconfigure, albeit in different ways, this phantasmatic, describing and anticipating the end of the Fifth Republic as it is known today. Be it for ethnic, civic, or metaphysical reasons, they suggest that, henceforth, "la France, c'est les autres!". Keywords : contemporary french literature ; sociocritique ; social imaginary ; new reactionairies (great replacement, national decline) ; Renaud Camus ; Éric Zemmour ; Michel Houellebecq. iv TABLE DES MATIÈRES PAGE DE TITRE ............................................................................................................... i IDENTIFICATION DU JURY ........................................................................................... ii RÉSUMÉ EN FRANÇAIS ET MOTS-CLÉS .................................................................... iii RÉSUMÉ EN ANGLAIS ET MOTS-CLÉS ...................................................................... iv TABLE DES MATIÈRES .................................................................................................. v REMERCIEMENTS ........................................................................................................... vii INTRODUCTION « Libérez les curés! Libérez les curés! » ............................................................................. 1 Des nouveaux réactionnaires .............................................................................................. 2 Le Grand Remplacement .................................................................................................... 5 La France, c’est les autres! .................................................................................................. 9 PREMIER CHAPITRE Un remplacement ethnique. L’Épuisant désir de ces choses de Renaud Camus La fin de la famille .............................................................................................................. 11 Châteaux à vendre ............................................................................................................... 12 L’appauvrissement de la langue .......................................................................................... 14 La grande déculturation ...................................................................................................... 16 Le massacre des cartes ........................................................................................................ 19 « L’Écossais Johnson! L’Écossais Johnson! » ................................................................... 21 Le mauvais hôte : le tiers-mondisme .................................................................................. 23 Le bon hôte : les lois de l’hospitalité .................................................................................. 25 Les têtes de Turc ................................................................................................................. 26 Sodome et Gomorrhe .......................................................................................................... 29 Le Léviathan du Global Village .......................................................................................... 31 DEUXIÈME CHAPITRE Un remplacement civique. Petit frère d’Éric Zemmour La fin de la cohabitation ..................................................................................................... 33 Appartements à louer .......................................................................................................... 34 Le bon immigré : le juif ...................................................................................................... 37 Le mauvais immigré : le musulman .................................................................................... 39 La faute à Coluche .............................................................................................................. 42 « Après nous le déluge » ..................................................................................................... 44 Le ventre de nos femmes .................................................................................................... 47 Kevin Boucher, français musulman .................................................................................... 50 v La fitna en France ............................................................................................................... 51 Les Invasions barbares ........................................................................................................ 53 TROISIÈME CHAPITRE Un remplacement métaphysique. Soumission de Michel Houellebecq La restauration du bonheur ................................................................................................. 55 Longue vie à Chinatown ..................................................................................................... 56 « Chicken Biryani? Chicken Tikka Masala? Chicken Rogan Josh? » ................................ 59 Frère Huysmans .................................................................................................................. 61 Une conversion ratée ........................................................................................................... 63 La nation des autres ............................................................................................................ 65 « Le XXIe siècle sera religieux ou ne sera pas » ................................................................. 69 L’Université islamique Paris-Sorbonne .............................................................................. 71 Le mauvais remplaçant : le djihadiste ................................................................................. 76 Le bon remplaçant : le conquérant éclairé .......................................................................... 77 Lutèce, France ..................................................................................................................... 80 La conversion des conversions ........................................................................................... 83 En ménage ........................................................................................................................... 87 EN GUISE D’ESPOIR ..................................................................................................... 93 BIBLIOGRAPHIE ............................................................................................................ 98 vi REMERCIEMENTS À Jacinthe, l’irremplaçable. À mes parents pour leur soutien. À Pierre pour m’avoir dirigé. vii La fantasmatique
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