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The French Party System Forms a Benchmark Study of the State of Party Politics in France

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The French Party System Forms a Benchmark Study of the State of Party Politics in France evans cover 5/2/03 2:37 PM Page 1 THE FRENCH PARTY SYSTEM THE FRENCHPARTY This book provides a complete overview of political parties in France. The social and ideological profiles of all the major parties are analysed chapter by chapter, highlighting their principal functions and dynamics within the system. This examination is THE complemented by analyses of bloc and system features, including the pluralist left, Europe, and the ideological space in which the parties operate. In particular, the book addresses the impressive FRENCH capacity of French parties and their leaders to adapt themselves to the changing concerns of their electorates and to a shifting PARTY institutional context. Contrary to the apparently fragmentary system and increasingly hostile clashes between political personalities, the continuities in the French political system seem SYSTEM destined to persist. Drawing on the expertise of its French and British contributors, The French party system forms a benchmark study of the state of party politics in France. It will be an essential text for all students of Edited by French politics and parties, and of interest to students of European Evans Jocelyn Evans politics more generally. ed. Jocelyn Evans is Lecturer in Politics at the University of Salford The French party system The French party system edited by Jocelyn A. J. Evans Manchester University Press Manchester and New York distributed exclusively in the USA by Palgrave Copyright © Manchester University Press 2003 While copyright in the volume as a whole is vested in Manchester University Press, copyright in individual chapters belongs to their respective authors. This electronic version has been made freely available under a Creative Commons (CC-BY-NC-ND) licence, which permits non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction provided the author(s) and Manchester University Press are fully cited and no modifications or adaptations are made. Details of the licence can be viewed at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Published by Manchester University Press Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9NR, UK and Room 400, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA www.manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for ISBN 0 7190 6119 9 hardback 0 7190 6120 2 paperback First published 2003 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Typeset in New Baskerville and Stone Sans by Carnegie Publishing Ltd Printed in Great Britain by Bell & Bain Ltd, Glasgow To Barbara Contents Contents Contents List of figures and tables page ix List of contributors xi Acknowledgements xii List of abbreviations xiii Introduction 1 1 Stress, strain and stability in the French party system Alistair Cole 11 I The left 2 The French Communist Party: from revolution to reform David S. Bell 29 3 PS intra-party politics and party system change Ben Clift 42 4 The Greens: from idealism to pragmatism (1984–2002) Bruno Villalba and Sylvie Vieillard-Coffre 56 5 Managing the plural left: implications for the party system David Hanley 76 6 Beyond the mainstream: la gauche de la gauche Jim Wolfreys 91 II The right 7 The UDF in the 1990s: the break-up of a party confederation Nicolas Sauger 107 8 From the Gaullist movement to the president’s party Andrew Knapp 121 9 The FN split: party system change and electoral prospects Gilles Ivaldi 137 vii viii Contents III System context 10 Europe and the French party system Jocelyn A. J. Evans 155 11 Contemporary developments in political space in France Robert Andersen and Jocelyn A. J. Evans 171 Conclusion 189 References 201 Index 211 List of figures and tables List of figures and tables List of figures and tables Figures 4.1 Green membership by department page 59 4.2 Green presidential election results (1981–2002) 63 4.3 Ecologist regional election results by department (1986 and 1992) 64 4.4 Green electoral strategies by department (1986 and 1998) 65 4.5 The main themes of the Green–PS programmatic agreement (1997) 70 4.6 Motions in the Toulouse Congress and regional assembly voting 72 4.7 Green presidential primaries in 2002 73 8.1 Votes for Gaullists and for all moderate right-wing parties at parliamentary elections (1958–2002) 129 11.1 Mean scores for attitudes in favour of immigration by party bloc 181 11.2 Mean scores for attitudes not in favour of the death penalty by party bloc 181 11.3 Mean scores for attitudes against homosexuality by party bloc 182 11.4 Mean scores for attitudes against privatisation by party bloc 182 C.1 Effective number of parties and presidential candidates in France (1978–2002) 190 C.2 Effective number of parties and presidential candidates on the left and right in France (1978–2002) 191 C.3 Total volatility in French legislative elections (1978–2002) 193 ix x List of figures and tables Tables 5.1 Vote–position ratio in first Jospin government 82 7.1 Party affiliation of single candidates fielded by the moderate right (per cent) 117 7.2 Party affiliation of moderate-right deputies (per cent) 117 8.1 The moderate right: presidential candidacies and share of votes cast (1965–2002) 123 9.1 The FN in national elections (1984–2002) 137 9.2 Change in the socio-demographic structure of the FN electorate (1984–97) 139 10.1 Assembly votes on amendment of Article 88–2 and ratification of Amsterdam Treaty by parliamentary group 157 11.1 Allocation of party proximity response to blocs 178 11.2 Demographic profiles (per cent) of party proximity groups in France (1988–97) 179 11.3 Average attitudes toward privatisation for extreme-right identifiers, by year and social class 184 C.1 2002 legislative election results (first round) and change (1997–2002) 192 List of contributors List of contributors List of contributors Robert Andersen Assistant Professor of Sociology, University of Western Ontario; and Senior Research Fellow at CREST, Department of Sociology, Univer- sity of Oxford David Bell Professor of Politics, University of Leeds Ben Clift Lecturer in Politics, Brunel University Alistair Cole Professorial Fellow in Politics, University of Cardiff Jocelyn Evans Lecturer in Politics, University of Salford David Hanley Professor of European Studies, University of Cardiff Gilles Ivaldi CNRS chargé de recherche, CIDSP-IEP, Grenoble Andrew Knapp Senior Lecturer in French Studies, University of Reading Nicolas Sauger Allocataire de recherche, CEVIPOF, Paris Sylvie Vieillard-Coffre Docteur en géographie, CRAG – Université de Paris 8 Bruno Villalba Maître de conférences in Politics, CRAPS – Université de Lille 2 Jim Wolfreys Lecturer in French Politics, King’s College, London xi Acknowledgements Acknowledgements Acknowledgements The editor gratefully acknowledges the support of the British Academy, the Association for the Study of Modern and Contemporary France (ASMCF) and the European Studies Research Institute (ESRI) at the University of Salford for their financial and logistical support in running the conference ‘Changes in the contemporary French party system: internal dynamics and external context’ at Salford in September 2000, the papers from which constituted the first drafts of the chapters in this book. He would also like to thank the Centre d’Informatisation des Données Socio-Politiques (CIDSP) – Banque de Données Socio-Politiques (BDSP), Grenoble, for providing the SOFRES/CEVIPOF datasets used in the empirical analyses in Chapter 11 and the conclusion. Finally, he would like to thank Tony Mason and Richard Delahunty at Manchester University Press for their help in producing this collection. xii List of abbreviations List of abbreviations List of abbreviations AC! Agir ensemble contre le Chômage AED Alliance pour l’Ecologie et la Démocratie AGM Annual General Meeting [Green Party] APEIS Association pour l’Emploi, l’Information et la Solidarité AREV Alternative Rouge et Verte ASSEDIC Association pour l’Emploi dans l’Industrie et le Commerce CAP Convention pour une Alternative Progressiste CDS Centre des Démocrates Sociaux CDU–CSU Christlich–Demokratischen Union – Christlich–Soziale Union CES Convergence Ecologie Solidarité CFDT Confédération Française Démocratique du Travail CGT Confédération Générale du Travail CNI Centre National des Indépendants CPNT Chasse Pêche Nature Traditions CRC Coordonner, Rassembler, Construire DAL Droit au Logement DD!! Droits devant!! DL Démocratie Libérale DLI Démocratie Libérale et Indépendants EA Ecologie Autrement EC Executive College [Green party] FA Federal Assembly [Green party] FD Force Démocrate FN Front National FNJ Front National de la Jeunesse GE Génération Ecologie LCR Ligue Communiste Révolutionnaire LO Lutte Ouvrière MdC Mouvement des Citoyens xiii xiv List of abbreviations MEDEF Mouvement des Entreprises de France MEI Mouvement Ecologiste Indépendant MNEF Mutuelle Nationale des Etudiants Français MNR Mouvement National Républicain MPF Mouvement pour la France MRP Mouvement Républicain Populaire MSI Movimento Sociale Italiano NIRC National Inter-Regional Council [Green party] PACS Pacte Civil de Solidarité PCF Parti Communiste Français PPE Partido Popular de Espana PR [party] Parti Républicain PRep Pôle Républicain PRG Parti Radical de Gauche PS Parti Socialiste RCV Radicaux–Citoyens–Verts RI Républicains Indépendants RPF [de Gaulle] Rassemblement du Peuple Français RPF [Pasqua] Rassemblement pour la France RPFIE Rassemblement pour la France et l’Indépendance de l’Europe RPR Rassemblement pour la République SFIO Section Française de l’Internationale Ouvrière SUD–PTT Fédération Solidaire, Unitaire, Démocratique des PTT UDF Union pour la Démocratie Française UMP Union pour une Majorité Présidentielle/Union pour un Mouvement Populaire UNR Union pour la Nouvelle République UPF Union pour la France WTO World Trade Organisation Introduction Jocelyn A. J. Evans The French party system Introduction In the more recent literature on European party systems, emphasis has been placed squarely upon the notion that the overall cross-national trend is one of convergence and, by extension, stabilisation.
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