France 2020 Human Rights Report
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Nationalism in the French Revolution of 1789
The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Honors College 5-2014 Nationalism in the French Revolution of 1789 Kiley Bickford University of Maine - Main Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/honors Part of the Cultural History Commons Recommended Citation Bickford, Kiley, "Nationalism in the French Revolution of 1789" (2014). Honors College. 147. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/honors/147 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors College by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NATIONALISM IN THE FRENCH REVOLUTION OF 1789 by Kiley Bickford A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for a Degree with Honors (History) The Honors College University of Maine May 2014 Advisory Committee: Richard Blanke, Professor of History Alexander Grab, Adelaide & Alan Bird Professor of History Angela Haas, Visiting Assistant Professor of History Raymond Pelletier, Associate Professor of French, Emeritus Chris Mares, Director of the Intensive English Institute, Honors College Copyright 2014 by Kiley Bickford All rights reserved. Abstract The French Revolution of 1789 was instrumental in the emergence and growth of modern nationalism, the idea that a state should represent, and serve the interests of, a people, or "nation," that shares a common culture and history and feels as one. But national ideas, often with their source in the otherwise cosmopolitan world of the Enlightenment, were also an important cause of the Revolution itself. The rhetoric and documents of the Revolution demonstrate the importance of national ideas. -
Lewistown Borough 3
GRANVILLE TOWNSHIP SUPERVISORS 100 HELEN STREET LEWISTOWN, PA 17044 717-242-2334 Mark M. Ellinger, Chairman William W. Page, Vice-Chairman James A. Smith, Supervisor □ Township Office □ Road Department □ Police Department □ Code Department □ Sewer & Water Department March 23, 2021 Lewistown Sentinel Lewistown, PA 17044 In response to Council President Shade’s recent article in The Sentinel, the Township would like to bring light to the untrue statements made by President Shade. Granville Township did abolish our Sewer Authority and in turn made it a Department within the Township. Her only factual statement. The rest of her comments in reference to Granville Township are all false. In our situation our Authority never functioned 100% independently like the Municipal Authority of the Borough of Lewistown (MABL). The Township since installing our first sewer line has always maintained the payroll, pension, insurances, etc. for our Sewer Department. We invoice the Sewer Dept. monthly for the costs. We have never raped, pillaged or stolen from our Sewer Department for the General Fund as she implies or as the Borough is planning to do with MABL dollars. We didn’t realize that another governmental body or constituents wanting to ask questions or disagreeing with public officials was an attack. It is not the intent of a Countywide Authority to “continue attacks”. We can’t continue something that never occurred. If it was, why would Lewistown Borough have three (3) seats at the table? We as a group of neighboring municipalities have never been “anti-Lewistown”. We have publicly asked for Lewistown Borough to come to the table to find a resolution that suits the entire County and Lewistown Borough has refused. -
Who Freed Athens? J
Ancient Greek Democracy: Readings and Sources Edited by Eric W. Robinson Copyright © 2004 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd The Beginnings of the Athenian Democracv: Who Freed Athens? J Introduction Though the very earliest democracies lildy took shape elsewhere in Greece, Athens embraced it relatively early and would ultimately become the most famous and powerful democracy the ancient world ever hew. Democracy is usually thought to have taken hold among the Athenians with the constitutional reforms of Cleisthenes, ca. 508/7 BC. The tyrant Peisistratus and later his sons had ruled Athens for decades before they were overthrown; Cleisthenes, rallying the people to his cause, made sweeping changes. These included the creation of a representative council (bode)chosen from among the citizens, new public organizations that more closely tied citizens throughout Attica to the Athenian state, and the populist ostracism law that enabled citizens to exile danger- ous or undesirable politicians by vote. Beginning with these measures, and for the next two centuries or so with only the briefest of interruptions, democracy held sway at Athens. Such is the most common interpretation. But there is, in fact, much room for disagree- ment about when and how democracy came to Athens. Ancient authors sometimes refer to Solon, a lawgiver and mediator of the early sixth century, as the founder of the Athenian constitution. It was also a popular belief among the Athenians that two famous “tyrant-slayers,” Harmodius and Aristogeiton, inaugurated Athenian freedom by assas- sinating one of the sons of Peisistratus a few years before Cleisthenes’ reforms - though ancient writers take pains to point out that only the military intervention of Sparta truly ended the tyranny. -
Hautes-Alpes En Car Lignes Du Réseau
Lignes du LER PACA N 21 NICE - DIGNE - GAP OE 29 MARSEILLE - BRIANÇON Ligne 35 du LER PACA 30 GAP-BARCELONNETTE Briançon - Grenoble 31 MARSEILLE-NICE-SISTERON-GRENOBLE LA GRAVE 35 VILLARD D’ARÉNE 33 DIGNE - VEYNES - GAP - BRIANÇON OULX S 35 BRIANÇON - GRENOBLE COL DU LA LE LAUZET NÉVACHE ITALIE 4101 GAP - GRENOBLE VIA TRANSISÈRE UTARET PLAMPINET Numéros Utiles Le Monêtier-les-Bains G1 S33 ISÈRE SERRE CHEV S33 CESANA Région LE ROSIER G (38) S32 CLAVIÈRE ◗ LER PACA : 0821 202 203 ALLIER Montgenèvre H LA VACHETTE ◗ TER : 0800 11 40 23 V LE PRÉ DE ALLÉE S31 Département MME CARLE ◗ PUY-ST PIERRE BRIANÇON 05 Voyageurs PUY-ST ANDRÉ ( Hautes-Alpes) : 04 92 502 505 AILEFROIDE Pelvoux ◗ Transisère : 0820 08 38 38 CERVIÈRES ST ANTOINE PRELLES Ligne 4101 du LER PACA F ENTRAIGUES Vallouise Intra Hautes-Alpes Gap - Grenoble S30 QUEYRIÈRES ◗ Réseau Urbain de Gap, 1800 1600 F2 ABRIÈS Puy st vincent LES VIGNEAUX S28 Linéa : 04 92 53 18 19 Brunissard ◗ FREISSINIÈRES L’ARGENTIÈRE AIGUILLES Transport Urbain de Briançon ASPRES La Chapelle CHÂTEAU (TUB) : 04 92 20 47 10 Corps LES CORPS LA-BESSÉE QUEYRAS Ristolas en Valgaudemar S26 VILLE-VIEILLE Arvieux LE COIN 4101 ST FIRMIN F1 ESTÉYÈRE MOLINES CHAUFFAYER 29 FONTGILLARDE S27 PIERRE LES COSTES 33 GROSSE S25 La Joue C2 St-Véran LA MOTTE EN CHAMPSAUR Orcières du Loup MAISON DU ROY C1 Station MONT-DAUPHIN S24 Ligne 31 du LER PACA ST-ETIENNE Ceillac CHAILLOL S12 GUILLESTRE EN DÉVOLUY St Bonnet ORCIÈRES SNCF Marseille-Nice-Sisteron-Grenoble D1 D2 SAINT-JEAN-SAINT-NICOLAS RISOUL A LA SAULCE - GAP AGNIÈRES S22 S23 -
Fifty Years on Culture, Politics and Cultural Policy
Cinquante ans après Culture, politique et politiques culturelles Fifty Years On Culture, Politics And Cultural Policy Sommaire Table of Contents Sommaire Table of Contents Ouverture Opening Session Frédéric MITTERRAND Frédéric MITTERRAND Maryvonne DE SAINT PULGENT Maryvonne DE SAINT PULGENT Élie BARNAVI Élie BARNAVI Le modèle français en question Examining the French Model Les missions de 1959, vues de 2009 A 2009 perspective on the aims of 1959 Antoine COMPAGNON ............................................... Antoine COMPAGNON .......................................... 5 Redéfinir une culture véritablement cultivée Redefining a genuinely cultured culture Élie BARNAVI Élie BARNAVI Réponse à Antoine Compagnon et à Élie Barnavi Response to Antoine Compagnon and Élie Barnavi Jack LANG Jack LANG CHAPITRE 1 SESSION 1 La construction de l’Europe suppose-t-elle Does the Construction of Europe une politique culturelle commune ? Presuppose a Common Cultural Policy? Les politiques culturelles dans le temps Cultural policies in European time and space. et l’espace européens. Modèles et évolutions Models and evolutions Pierre-Michel MENGER ............................................ Pierre-Michel MENGER ......................................... 10 TABLE RONDE ROUND TABLE Présidée par Jack LANG Chaired by Jack LANG Modérateur : Emmanuel LAURENTIN Facilitator: Emmanuel LAURENTIN Intervenants : Liz FORGAN, Jan-Hendrik OLBERTZ, Panel members: Liz FORGAN, Jan-Hendrik OLBERTZ, Jacques RIGAUD, Ivaylo ZNEPOLSKI Jacques RIGAUD, Ivaylo ZNEPOLSKI La politique -
English, French, and Spanish Colonies: a Comparison
COLONIZATION AND SETTLEMENT (1585–1763) English, French, and Spanish Colonies: A Comparison THE HISTORY OF COLONIAL NORTH AMERICA centers other hand, enjoyed far more freedom and were able primarily around the struggle of England, France, and to govern themselves as long as they followed English Spain to gain control of the continent. Settlers law and were loyal to the king. In addition, unlike crossed the Atlantic for different reasons, and their France and Spain, England encouraged immigration governments took different approaches to their colo- from other nations, thus boosting its colonial popula- nizing efforts. These differences created both advan- tion. By 1763 the English had established dominance tages and disadvantages that profoundly affected the in North America, having defeated France and Spain New World’s fate. France and Spain, for instance, in the French and Indian War. However, those were governed by autocratic sovereigns whose rule regions that had been colonized by the French or was absolute; their colonists went to America as ser- Spanish would retain national characteristics that vants of the Crown. The English colonists, on the linger to this day. English Colonies French Colonies Spanish Colonies Settlements/Geography Most colonies established by royal char- First colonies were trading posts in Crown-sponsored conquests gained rich- ter. Earliest settlements were in Virginia Newfoundland; others followed in wake es for Spain and expanded its empire. and Massachusetts but soon spread all of exploration of the St. Lawrence valley, Most of the southern and southwestern along the Atlantic coast, from Maine to parts of Canada, and the Mississippi regions claimed, as well as sections of Georgia, and into the continent’s interior River. -
The Regime Change Consensus: Iraq in American Politics, 1990-2003
THE REGIME CHANGE CONSENSUS: IRAQ IN AMERICAN POLITICS, 1990-2003 Joseph Stieb A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History in the College of Arts and Sciences. Chapel Hill 2019 Approved by: Wayne Lee Michael Morgan Benjamin Waterhouse Daniel Bolger Hal Brands ©2019 Joseph David Stieb ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Joseph David Stieb: The Regime Change Consensus: Iraq in American Politics, 1990-2003 (Under the direction of Wayne Lee) This study examines the containment policy that the United States and its allies imposed on Iraq after the 1991 Gulf War and argues for a new understanding of why the United States invaded Iraq in 2003. At the core of this story is a political puzzle: Why did a largely successful policy that mostly stripped Iraq of its unconventional weapons lose support in American politics to the point that the policy itself became less effective? I argue that, within intellectual and policymaking circles, a claim steadily emerged that the only solution to the Iraqi threat was regime change and democratization. While this “regime change consensus” was not part of the original containment policy, a cohort of intellectuals and policymakers assembled political support for the idea that Saddam’s personality and the totalitarian nature of the Baathist regime made Iraq uniquely immune to “management” strategies like containment. The entrenchment of this consensus before 9/11 helps explain why so many politicians, policymakers, and intellectuals rejected containment after 9/11 and embraced regime change and invasion. -
JACKDAWS by Ken Follett Outline: 18T Draft-Annotated
1 JACKDAWS by Ken Follett Outline: 18t draft-annotated PG: Think ofa more interesting title with ''jackdaws'' in it KF: Jackdaws by Night? AZ: The story will work to the extend to which you putpressure on Flick and Dieter. For Flick, the pressure can come from: • Dieter • Weaknesses in her team • Weaknesses ofresistors • Conflicts between communists and others • Fortescue • Love relationships • Germans in general For Dieter, it can come from: • Flick • Other resistants • Baecker • Rommel • Some deep inner yearning for concord between Germany and France 2 Preface: Exactly 50 women were sent into France as secret agents by the Special Operations Executive during the Second World War. Ofthose, 36 survived the war. The other 14 gave their lives. This novel is dedicated to all ofthem. List their names? Prologue: Some Dieter PoVin the Prologue. Sainte-Cecile is a fictional small town near the cathedral city ofReims, in the champagne district ofnorth-east France. It is 14 May 1944, and the country has been under Nazi occupation for four years. At the end ofa hot Sunday afternoon, the church bell rings a languid toll for the evening service. The square in the town centre is dominated by a walled chateau on its north side. It is a beautiful seventeenth century building, and a German officer and his wife, tourists, are taking photographs of it with a large camera on a tripod. AZ: The chateau should be more of a "character". KF: It couldbe a Gothic fantasy castle with fairy-tale turrets. It couldhave a moat. It should be very difficult to enter in all sorts ofways On the east ofthe square is the church. -
The Lost Generation in American Foreign Policy How American Influence Has Declined, and What Can Be Done About It
September 2020 Perspective EXPERT INSIGHTS ON A TIMELY POLICY ISSUE JAMES DOBBINS, GABRIELLE TARINI, ALI WYNE The Lost Generation in American Foreign Policy How American Influence Has Declined, and What Can Be Done About It n the aftermath of World War II, the United States accepted the mantle of global leadership and worked to build a new global order based on the principles of nonaggression and open, nondiscriminatory trade. An early pillar of this new Iorder was the Marshall Plan for European reconstruction, which British histo- rian Norman Davies has called “an act of the most enlightened self-interest in his- tory.”1 America’s leaders didn’t regard this as charity. They recognized that a more peaceful and more prosperous world would be in America’s self-interest. American willingness to shoulder the burdens of world leadership survived a costly stalemate in the Korean War and a still more costly defeat in Vietnam. It even survived the end of the Cold War, the original impetus for America’s global activ- ism. But as a new century progressed, this support weakened, America’s influence slowly diminished, and eventually even the desire to exert global leadership waned. Over the past two decades, the United States experienced a dramatic drop-off in international achievement. A generation of Americans have come of age in an era in which foreign policy setbacks have been more frequent than advances. C O R P O R A T I O N Awareness of America’s declining influence became immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic and by Obama commonplace among observers during the Barack Obama with Ebola, has also been widely noted. -
Code of Administrative Justice
Code of Administrative Justice Legislative Part Preliminary Title Article L1 This code applies to the Council of State and to administrative tribunals and administrative courts of appeal. Article L2 Judgments are rendered in the name of the French people. Article L3 Judgments are rendered by judges acting as a collegial body, unless the law provides otherwise. Article L4 Applications do not cause proceedings to be suspended, unless the court orders otherwise, or unless there are special statutory provisions. Article L5 Both parties are represented in the preparation of the case. Certain requirements flow from the fact that both parties are represented; if the case is urgent, these former requirements will be adapted to those of the urgent situation. Article L6 Hearings are held in open court. Article L7 A member of the court, appointed to act as consultant judge, presents his or her opinion, in public and with total independence, on the issues that must be decided by the court, that arise from the applications or appeals, and on the possible solutions. Article L8 Text last revised 3 October 2013 - Document generated 11 November 2013 - The judges' deliberations are secret. Article L9 The judges must give reasons for their judgments. Article L10 Judgments are rendered in public. Judgments must mention the names of the judges by whom they were rendered. Article L11 Judgments are enforceable. Text last revised 3 October 2013 - Document generated 11 November 2013 - Legislative Part Book I: The Council of State Title I – Powers Chapter I: Powers in contentious matters Article L111-1 The Council of State is the highest administrative court. -
The Ebb and Flow of the Criminal Jury in France and Belgium
University of Florida Levin College of Law UF Law Scholarship Repository UF Law Faculty Publications Faculty Scholarship 2018 Trials by Peers: The bbE and Flow of the Criminal Jury in France and Belgium Claire M. Germain University of Florida Levin College of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.ufl.edu/facultypub Part of the Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, and the Criminal Law Commons Recommended Citation Claire M. Germain, Trials by Peers: The Ebb and Flow of the Criminal Jury in France and Belgium, in Juries, Lay Judges, and Mixed Courts: A Global Perspective (Sanja Kutnjak Ivković et al., eds., Cambridge University Press, forthcoming 2019). This Book Chapter is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at UF Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in UF Law Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of UF Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Trials by Peers: The Ebb and Flow of the Criminal Jury in France and Belgium Claire M. Germain1 Abstract The participation of lay jurors in criminal courts has known much ebb and flow both in France and in Belgium. These two countries belong to the civil law tradition, where juries are the exception rather than the rule in criminal trials, and they only exist in criminal cases, not civil cases. In spite of some similarities, there are substantial differences between the two countries, and their systems will be examined in turn. In France, the Cour d’assises itself was inherited from the French Revolution. -
Contraception and the Renaissance of Traditional Marriage
CHOOSING A LAW TO LIVE BY ONCE THE KING IS GONE INTRODUCTION Law is the expression of the rules by which civilization governs itself, and it must be that in law as elsewhere will be found the fundamental differences of peoples. Here then it may be that we find the underlying cause of the difference between the civil law and the common law.1 By virtue of its origin, the American legal profession has always been influenced by sources of law outside the United States. American law schools teach students the common law, and law students come to understand that the common law is different than the civil law, which is prevalent in Europe.2 Comparative law courses expose law students to the civil law system by comparing American common law with the law of other countries such as France, which has a civil code.3 A closer look at the history of the American and French Revolutions makes one wonder why the legal systems of the two countries are so different. Certainly, the American and French Revolutions were drastically different in some ways. For instance, the French Revolution was notoriously violent during a period known as “the Terror.”4 Accounts of the French revolutionary government executing so many French citizens as well as the creation of the Cult of the Supreme Being5 make the French Revolution a stark contrast to the American Revolution. Despite the differences, the revolutionary French and Americans shared similar goals—liberty and equality for all citizens and an end to tyranny. Both revolutions happened within approximately two decades of each other and were heavily influenced by the Enlightenment.