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Problems of Drug Dependence, 1993: Proceedings of the 55Th Annual Scientific Meeting the College on Problems of Drug Dependence, Inc

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Problems of Drug Dependence, 1993: Proceedings of the 55Th Annual Scientific Meeting the College on Problems of Drug Dependence, Inc National Institute on Drug Abuse RESEARCH MONOGRAPH SERIES Problems of Drug Dependence, 1993: Proceedings of the 55th Annual Scientific Meeting The College on Problems of Drug Dependence, Inc. Volume I 140 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services • Public Health Service • NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH Problems of Drug Dependence, 1993: Proceedings of the 55th Annual Scientific Meeting, The College on Problems of Drug Dependence, Inc. Volume I: Plenary Session Symposia and Annual Reports Editor: Louis S. Harris, Ph.D. NIDA Research Monograph 140 1994 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service National Institutes of Health National Institute on Drug Abuse 5600 Fishers Lane Rockville, MD 20857 ACKNOWLEDGMENT The Committee on Problems of Drug Dependence, Inc., an independent, nonprofit organization, conducts drug testing and evaluations for academic institutions, government, and industry. This monograph is based on papers or presentations from the 55th Annual Scientific Meeting of the CPDD, held in Toronto, Canada, in June 1993. In the interest of rapid dissemination, it is published by the National Institute on Drug Abuse in its Research Monograph series as reviewed and submitted by the CPDD. Dr. Louis S. Harris, editor of this monograph, is Chairman of the Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Virginia. COPYRIGHT STATUS The National Institute on Drug Abuse has obtained permission from the copyright holders to reproduce certain previously published material as noted in the text. Further reproduction of this copyrighted material is permitted only as part of a reprinting of the entire publication or chapter. For any other use, the copyright holder’s permission is required. All other material in this volume except quoted passages from copyrighted sources is in the public domain and may be used or reproduced without permission form the Institute or the authors. Citation of the source is appreciated. Opinions expressed in this volume are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions or official policy of the National Institute on Drug Abuse or any other part of the Department of Health and Human Services. The U.S. Government does not endorse or favor any specific commercial product or company. Trade, proprietary, or company names appearing in this publication are used only because they are considered essential in the context of the studies reported herein. NIH Publication No. 94-3748 Printed 1994 NIDA Research Monographs are indexed in the Index Medicus. They are selectively included in the coverage of American Statistics Index, Biosciences Information Service, Chemical Abstracts, Current Contents, Psychological Abstracts, and Psychopharmacology Abstracts. ii CPDD BOARD OF DIRECTORS Thomas J. Crowley, M.D., President Jack E. Henningfield, Ph.D. George E. Bigelow. Ph.D., President-Elect Stephen G. Holtzman, Ph.D. Keith F. Killam, Jr., Ph.D., Past -President Chris-Ellyn Johanson, Ph.D. Joseph V. Brady, Ph.D., Treasurer Thomas R. Kosten. M.D. Robert L. Balster, Ph.D. Mary Jeanne Kreek, M.D. Edgar H. Brenner. JD David F. Musto, M.D. Lawrence S. Brown, Jr., M.D., MPH Charles P. O’Brien, M.D., Ph.D. Leonard Cook, Ph.D. Craig Reinarman, Ph.D. Linda A. Dykstra. Ph.D. Edward Sellers, M.D., Ph.D. Arthur Falek, Ph.D. James H. Woods, Ph.D. Charles W. Gorodetzky. M.D., Ph.D. George E. Woody, M.D. Roland R. Griffiths. Ph.D. EXECUTIVE OFFICER Martin W. Adler, Ph.D. PROGRAM COMMITTEE Mary Jeanne Kreek, M.D., Chairman Martin W. Adler, Ph.D. Thomas J. Crowley, M.D. William L. Dewey, Ph.D. Loretta P. Finnegan, M.D. Ellen Geller, M.A. Jack E. Henningfield, Ph.D. Kenner C. Rice, Ph.D. Eric J. Simon, Ph.D. George E. Woody, M.D. iii The following organizations have generously supported the work of the College on Problems of Drug Dependence during the past year: American Cyanamide (Lederle Laboratories) Anaquest - Boc Group Astra Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Burroughs Wellcome Company Ciba-Geigy Corporation Hoffman-LaRoche, Inc. ICI Americas, Inc. Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Marion Merrill Dow, Inc. McNeil(NORAMCO) Merck, Sharp & Dohme National Institute on Drug Abuse Neurobiological Technologies Pfizer, Inc. Research Biochemicals Sandoz, Ltd. (Basle) Schering-Plough. Inc. Sterling Drug, Inc. The Upjohn Company Warner-Lambert Company Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories iv This volume of the Proceedings of the College on Drug Dependence, 1993 is dedicated to the memory of Drs. William R. Martin and Daniel X. Freedman, two distinguished scientists whose outstanding contributions to drug abuse research, treatment, and public policy are recognized nationally and internationally. Their dedication over many years to the College on Problems of Drug Dependence deserves particular acknowledgement. We will sorely miss them. v TABLE OF CONTENTS PLENARY SESSION In Memoriam: William Robert Martin, M. D. - 1921-1993 C. W. Gorodetzky 1 In Memoriam: Daniel X. Freedman, M. D. - 1921 - 1993 C. R. Schuster 3 Any Man’s Death: Presidential Address T. J. Crowley 5 Drug Abuse Research Accomplishments and Opportunities: A Report From the National Perspective R. A. Millstein 11 Linking Research and Service Delivery: The Unique Mission of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration M. A. Jansen 23 Introduction of Nathan B. Eddy Award Recipient L. B. Cottler 27 The Nathan B. Eddy Lecture: Cballenging Conventional Wisdom About Drug Abuse L. N. Robins 30 SYMPOSIUM I Opioid Receptors: Molecular and Structural Studies 46 Titles and Participants Summary E. Simon Progress in the Cloning and Sequencing of the cDNA of the Delta Opioid Receptor from NG108-15 Cells C. Evans The Molecular Characterization of the Delta Opioid Receptor by Expression Cloning B. L. Kieffer Recent Studies on the Structure and Reconstitution of Purified Mu Opioid Receptors J. M. Hiller Analysis of Delta Opioid Receptor Functions P. Y. Law and H. H. Loh Signal Transduction Mechanisms for Opioid Receptors S. R. Childers The Cloning of the Mu Opioid Receptor G. Uhl and L. Yu vi SYMPOSIUM II Teratogenicity of the Drugs of Abuse 51 Titles and Participants Summary L. P. Finnegan Effects of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure on 14-Year-Old Children: A Population- Based Prospective Study A. Streissguth Critical Analysis of the Teratogenic Potential of Cocaine G. Koren Behavior in Cocaine-Exposed Infants and Children: Association Versus Causality D. Neuspiel Effects of In-Utero Opiate Exposure: New Paradigms for Old Questions K. Kaltenbach SYMPOSIUM III Cannabinoid Receptors: Pharmacology, Second Messenger Systems and Endogenous Ligands 55 Titles and Participants Summary B. R. Martin G-Protein Coupled Activities of Cannabinoid Receptors S. Childers Cannabinoid Receptor Binding Activity of Neuromodulator-Like Ligands A. Howlett Evidence for Cannabinoid Receptors in Isolated Muscle Preparations R. Pertwee Identification of an Endogenous Cannabinoid Ligand R. Mechoulam The Pharmacological Role of the Cannabinoid Receptor and Endogenous Ligand in Brain B. R. Martin SYMPOSIUM IV Innovative Approaches to Drug Abuse Treatment 61 Titles and Participants Summary J. Brady Comparison of Standard and Enhanced Methadone Treatment Clinics K.Besteman vii Medical Maintenance Treatment for the Socially Rehabilitated Former Heroin Addict D. Novick Treatment Fees and Retention on Methadone Maintenance J. Maddux Integrating HIV Treatment into Substance Abuse Programs S. Batki Enhancing Drug Abuse Treatment by Mobile Health Service J. Brady Discussant J. Ball SYMPOSIUM V The Role of Excitatory Amino Acids in the Actions of Abused Drugs 65 Titles and Participants Summary J. F. McGinty Introduction J. F. McGinty The Role of Excitatory Amino Acids in Behavioral Sensitization P. W. Kalivas The Role of NMDA Receptor Systems in Dopaminergic Neuropathology P. Sonsalla Cortical Modulation of Dopamine System Responsivity: Phasic vs. Tonic Dopamine Release A. Grace The Role of NMDA Receptor Systems in Neuropeptide Responses to Stimulants of Abuse G. R. Hanson SYMPOSIUM VI Tolerance and Sensitization to Opioids and Cocaine 69 Titles and Participants Summary T. H. Kramer Opioid Tolerance in An Amphibian Model C.W. Stevens NMDA Receptor Antagonists and Morphine Tolerance K.A..Trujillo Clinical Tolerance to Opioids: Myth or Reality P. J. Tiseo viii Regulation of Opioid Systems by Cocaine E. Unterwald Mechanisms of Sensitization S. Izenwasser SYMPOSIUM VII Antisocial Personality and Treatment Response in Substance Abusers 74 Titles and Participants Summary A. I. Alterman History of Antisocial Behavioral and Treatment Outcome in Women L. Cottler Post-Treatment Outcome in Conduct-Disordered Boys T. Crowley Treatment Outcomes Associated with Antisocial Personality and Other Personality Disorders R. Brooner The Psychopathy Checklist as a Predictor of Negative Treatment Outcome A. Alterman Discussant G. Woody SYMPOSIUM VIII Cardiovascular Effects of Cocaine: Underlying Mechanisms 79 Titles and Participants Summary C. Schindler Overview of Cocaine’s Cardiovascular Effects in Animals D. Wilkerson Peripheral Mechanism in Cocaine’s Cardiovascular Effects R. A. Gillis Pharmacological Mechanisms in Cocaine’s Cardiovascular Effects C. Schindler Cardiovascular Effects of Cocaine in Humans R. Foltin and M. Fischman Effects of Cocaine on Vagal Tone in Humans D. Newlin Discussant H. Levin ix FORUM: DRUG RESEARCH WITH POLICY IMPLICATIONS 84 Titles and Participants Summary B. A. Rouse and J. H. Autry, III Analytical Challenges in the Chemical Diagnosis of Drug Exposure Using Urine,
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