Appendix: List of codes used to create the study cohort and characterize surgery

ICD-9 codes used to identify infectious endocarditis

4210 Acute/subacute bacterial endocarditis

4211 Acute endocarditis

4219 Acute/subacute endocarditis not otherwise specified

4249 Endocarditis not otherwise specified

ICD-10 codes used to identify infectious endocarditis

I330 Acute and subacute infective endocarditis

I339 Acute endocarditis, unspecified

I38 Endocarditis, valve unspecified

ICD-9 codes used to identify

2920 syndrome

2921 Drug paranoid state

2922 Pathologic drug intoxication

2928 Drug-induced delirium

2929 Drug mental disorder not otherwise specified

3040 dependence unspecified

3041 dependence unspecified

3042 dependence unspecified

3045 dependence unspecified

3049 Drug dependence not otherwise specified unspecified

3053 Hallucinogen abuse

3054 Barbiturate abuse unspecified

3055 Opioid abuse unspecified

3056 Cocaine abuse unspecified 3059 Drug abuse NEC unspecified

3044 dependence unspecified

3046 Drug dependence NEC unspecified

3047 Opioid/other dependence unspecified

3048 Combined drug dependence NEC unspecified

3057 Amphetamine abuse unspecified

3058 Antidepressant abuse unspecified

ICD-10 codes used to identify substance use disorder

F110 Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of , acute intoxication

F111 Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of opioids, harmful use

F112 Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of opioids, dependence syndrome

F113 Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of opioids, withdrawal state

F114 Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of opioids, withdrawal state with delirium

F115 Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of opioids, psychotic disorder

F116 Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of opioids, amnesic syndrome

F117 Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of opioids, residual and late-onset psychotic disorder

F118 Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of opioids, other mental and behavioural disorders

F119 Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of opioids, unspecified mental and behavioural disorder

F130 Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of or , acute intoxication

F131 Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of sedatives or hypnotics, harmful use

F132 Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of sedatives or hypnotics, dependence syndrome

F133 Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of sedatives or hypnotics, withdrawal state

F134 Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of sedatives or hypnotics, withdrawal state with

delirium

F135 Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of sedatives or hypnotics, psychotic disorder

F136 Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of sedatives or hypnotics, amnesic syndrome F137 Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of sedatives or hypnotics, residual and late-onset

psychotic disorder

F138 Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of sedatives or hypnotics, other mental and

behavioural disorders

F139 Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of sedatives or hypnotics, unspecified mental and

behavioural disorder

F140 Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of cocaine, acute intoxication

F141 Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of cocaine, harmful use

F142 Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of cocaine, dependence syndrome

F143 Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of cocaine, withdrawal state

F144 Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of cocaine, withdrawal state with delirium

F145 Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of cocaine, psychotic disorder

F146 Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of cocaine, amnesic syndrome

F147 Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of cocaine, residual and late-onset psychotic disorder

F148 Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of cocaine, other mental and behavioural disorders

F149 Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of cocaine, unspecified mental and behavioural

disorder

F160 Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of , acute intoxication

F161 Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of hallucinogens, harmful use

F162 Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of hallucinogens, dependence syndrome

F163 Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of hallucinogens, withdrawal state

F164 Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of hallucinogens, withdrawal state with delirium

F165 Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of hallucinogens, psychotic disorder

F166 Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of hallucinogens, amnesic syndrome

F167 Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of hallucinogens, residual and late-onset psychotic

disorder

F168 Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of hallucinogens, other mental and behavioural

disorders F169 Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of hallucinogens, unspecified mental and behavioural

disorder

F190 Mental and behavioural disorders due to multiple drug use and use of psychoactive substances,

acute intoxication

F191 Mental and behavioural disorders due to multiple drug use and use of psychoactive substances,

harmful use

F192 Mental and behavioural disorders due to multiple drug use and use of psychoactive substances,

dependence syndrome

F193 Mental and behavioural disorders due to multiple drug use and use of psychoactive substances,

withdrawal state

F194 Mental and behavioural disorders due to multiple drug use and use of psychoactive substances,

withdrawal state with delirium

F195 Mental and behavioural disorders due to multiple drug use and use of psychoactive substances,

psychotic disorder

F196 Mental and behavioural disorders due to multiple drug use and use of psychoactive substances,

amnesic syndrome

F197 Mental and behavioural disorders due to multiple drug use and use of psychoactive substances,

residual and late-onset psychotic disorder

F198 Mental and behavioural disorders due to multiple drug use and use of psychoactive substances,

other mental and behavioural disorders

F199 Mental and behavioural disorders due to multiple drug use and use of psychoactive substances,

unspecified mental and behavioural disorder

OHIP codes used to identify substance use disorder

304 Drug dependence, drug

CCI codes used to determine if surgery was performed

1.HS.80.^^ Repair, triscuspid valve 1.HS.90.^^ Excision total with reconstruction, tricuspid valve

1.HT.89.^^ Excision total, pulmonary valve

1.HT.90.^^ Excision total with reconstruction, pulmonary valve

1.HU.80.GP-FF Repair, mitral valve, percutaneous transluminal approach using edge to edge leaflet

closure device

1.HU.80.LA Repair, mitral valve, open approach using suture [e.g. annular plication, semicircular

annuloplasty]

1.HU.80.LA-FE Repair, mitral valve, open approach using prosthetic device [e.g. ring, Future band

annuloplasty]

1.HU.80.LA-XX- Repair, mitral valve, open approach using autograft [e.g. patching leaflet with

A pericardial tissue]

1.HU.80.PN Repair, mitral valve, robotic assisted (minimally invasive) approach with

telemanipulation of tools using suture [e.g. annular plication, semicircular

annuloplasty]

1.HU.80.PN-BD Repair, mitral valve, robotic assisted (minimally invasive) approach with

telemanipulation of tools using balloon [e.g. balloon valvuloplasty]

1.HU.80.PN-BP Repair, mitral valve, robotic assisted (minimally invasive) approach with

telemanipulation of tools using dilation device [e.g. expanding dilator]

1.HU.80.PN-FE Repair, mitral valve, robotic assisted (minimally invasive) approach with

telemanipulation of tools using prosthetic device [e.g. ring, Future band

annuloplasty]

1.HU.80.PN-XX- Repair, mitral valve, robotic assisted (minimally invasive) approach with

A telemanipulation of tools using autograft [e.g. patching leaflet with pericardial tissue]

1.HU.90.^^ Excision total with reconsutrction, mitral valve

1.HV.80.LA Repair, aortic valve open approach using suture (e.g. annular plication, semicircular

annuloplasty)

1.HV.80.LA-FE Repair, aortic valve open approach using prosthetic device (e.g. ring annuloplasty) 1.HV.80.LA-XX- Repair, aortic valve open approach using autograft (e.g. patching of leaflet with

A pericardial tissue)

1.HV.90.^^ Excision total with reconstruction, aortic valve

CCP codes used to determine if surgery was performed

47.97 Percutaneous valvuloplasty

47.14 Open heart valvuloplasty of tricuspid valve without replacement

47.04 Closed heart valvotomy, tricuspid valve

47.27 Other replacement of tricuspid valve

47.26 Replacement of tricuspid valve with tissue graft

47.05 Closed heart valvotomy, pulmonary valve

47.29 Other replacement of pulmonary valve

47.28 Replacement of pulmonary valve with tissue graft

47.12 Open heart valvuloplasty of mitral valve without replacement

47.02 Closed heart valvotomy, mitral valve

47.23 Other replacement of mitral valve

47.22 Replacement of mitral valve with tissue graft

47.13 Open heart valvuloplasty of aortic valve without replacement

47.03 Closed heart valvotomy, aortic valve

47.25 Other replacement of aortic valve

47.24 Replacement of aortic valve with tissue graft