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Problems of Drug Dependence 1994: Proceedings of the 56Th Annual Scientific Meeting the College on Problems of Drug Dependence, Inc

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Problems of Drug Dependence 1994: Proceedings of the 56Th Annual Scientific Meeting the College on Problems of Drug Dependence, Inc National Institute on Drug Abuse RESEARCH MONOGRAPH SERIES Problems of Drug Dependence 1994: Proceedings of the 56th Annual Scientific Meeting The College on Problems of Drug Dependence, Inc. Volume I 152 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services • Public Health Service • National Istitutes of Health Problems of Drug Dependence, 1994: Proceedings of the 56th Annual Scientific Meeting, The College on Problems of Drug Dependence, Inc. Volume I: Plenary Session Symposia and Annual Reports Editor: Louis S. Harris, Ph.D. NIDA Research Monograph 152 1995 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service National Institutes of Health National Institute on Drug Abuse 5600 Fishers Lane Rockville, MD 20857 ACKNOWLEDGMENT The College on Problems of Drug Dependence, Inc., an independent, nonprofit organization, conducts drug testing and evaluations for academic institutions, government, and industry. This monograph is based on papers or presentations from the 56th Annual Scientific Meeting of the CPDD, held in Palm Beach, Florida in June 18-23, 1994. In the interest of rapid dissemination, it is published by the National Institute on Drug Abuse in its Research Monograph series as reviewed and submitted by the CPDD. Dr. Louis S. Harris, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University was the editor of this monograph. COPYRIGHT STATUS The National Institute on Drug Abuse has obtained permission from the copyright holders to reproduce certain previously published material as noted in the text. Further reproduction of this copyrighted material is permitted only as part of a reprinting of the entire publication or chapter. For any other use, the copyright holder’s permission is required. All other material in this volume except quoted passages from copyrighted sources is in the public domain and may be used or reproduced without permission form the Institute or the authors. Citation of the source is appreciated. Opinions expressed in this volume are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions or official policy of the National Institute on Drug Abuse or any other part of the Department of Health and Human Services. The U.S. Government does not endorse or favor any specific commercial product or company. Trade, proprietary, or company names appearing in this publication are used only because they are considered essential in the context of the studies reported herein. NIH Publication No. 95-3882 Printed 1995 NIDA Research Monographs are indexed in the Index Medicus. They are selectively included in the coverage of American Statistics Index, Biosciences Information Service, Chemical Abstracts, Current Contents, Psychological Abstracts, and Psychopharmacology Abstracts. ii BOARD OF DIRECTORS George E. Bigelow, Ph.D., President Stephen G. Holtzman, Ph.D. Edward Sellers, M.D., Ph.D., President-Elect Thomas R. Kosten, M.D. Thomas J. Crowley, M.D., Past-President Mary Jeanne Kreek, M.D. Joseph V. Brady, Ph.D., Treasurer Billy R. Martin, Ph.D. Robert L. Balster, Ph.D. A. Thomas McLellan, Ph.D. Edgar H. Brenner, JD David F. Musto, M.D. Lawrence S. Brown, Jr., M.D., MPH Charles P. O’Brien, MD, Ph.D. Leonard Cook, Ph.D. Roy W. Pickens, Ph.D. Linda A. Dykstra, Ph.D. Craig Reinarman, Ph.D. Charles W. Gorodetzky, M.D., Ph.D. James E. Smith, Ph.D. Roland R. Griffiths, Ph.D. Maxine L. Stitzer, Ph.D. Jack Henningfield, Ph.D. James H. Woods, Ph.D. EXECUTIVE OFFICER Martin W. Adler, Ph.D. SCIENTIFIC PROGRAM COMMITTEE Mary Jeanne Kreek, M.D., Chair Martin W. Adler, Ph.D. William L. Dewey, Ph.D. Loretta P. Finnegan, M.D. Ellen B. Geller, M.A. Thomas Kosten, Ph.D. Billy R. Martin, Ph.D. Kenner C. Rice, Ph.D. Eric J. Simon, Ph.D. James E. Smith, Ph.D. Maxine L. Stitzer, Ph.D. iii The following organizations have generously supported the work of the College on Problems of Drug Dependence during the past year: Berlex Labs, Inc. Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Burroughs Wellcome Company DuPont - Merck Hoffman-La Roche, Inc. Merck & Co., Inc. National Institute on Drug Abuse Neurobiological Technologies Parke Davis Pfizer Inc. Sandoz, Ltd. (Basle) Schering-Plough, Inc. Sterling - Winthrop The Upjohn Company Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories Zeneca iv TABLE OF CONTENTS PLENARY SESSION President’s Comments: Behavioral Science is Fundamental to Drug Abuse Research and Treatment George E. Bigelow 1 Drug Abuse and Addiction Research: Opportunities for Progress in 1995 Alan I. Leshner 6 Introduction to the Nathan B. Eddy Memorial Award Recipient J. V. Brady 16 The Nathan B. Eddy Lecture: Science, Policy, Happenstance J. H. Jaffe 18 SYMPOSIUM I The Relationship of Science to Drug Abuse Policy 33 Titles and Participants Chairpersons: C. R. Schuster and S. W. Gust Does Science Really Inform the Making of Substance Abuse Policy? H. Kleber Formulating Drug Policy: A View from Congress R. H. Weich Scientists and Policymakers: Strange Bedfellows A. L. Solarz Discussant M. Kleiman SYMPOSIUM II Update on Opioid Receptor Cloning: Implications for Research on Addiction 37 Titles and Participants Chairpersons: M. J. Kreek and E. Simon Characterization of Opioid Receptors at the Molecular Level C. Evans Human Opiate Receptors and Their Genes G. Uhl; J. Wang; P. Johnson; Y. Imai; D. Walther; J. M. Wu; W. Wang; and A. Moriwaki Opioid Receptors: Molecular Cloning and Cellular Function Lei Yu v Genomic Structure and Analysis of Promoter Sequence of a Mouse Mu Opioid Receptor Gene B. H. Min; L. B. Augustin; R. F. Felsheim; J. A. Fuchs: and H. Loh Mapping and Modulation of Opioid Receptor Gene Expression M. J. Kreek Quantitation and Localization of Opioid Receptor Gene Expression C. Inturrisi Historical Summary of NIDA Supported Opioid Research: A Tribute to NIDA on its 20th Anniversary E. J. Simon 42 SYMPOSIUM III Drug Abuse and the Health of Women 45 Titles and Participants Chairpersons: L P. Finnegan and M. J. Kreek Epidemiology of Drug Abuse Among Women Z. Sloboda Infectious Disorders in Drug Abusing Women H. Haverkos Endocrine Changes and Drug Abuse in Women M. J. Kreek and N. Mello Psychopathology, Life Events and Treatment - History of Female Drug Abusers L. B. Cottler The Impact of Drug Abuse on Children D. Frank SYMPOSIUM IV Affective Disorders and Substance Abuse: From Bench to Bedside and Back 49 Titles and Participants Chairpersons: T. R. Kosten Common Genetic Mechanisms in Depression and Substance Abuse R. W. Pickens Clinical Studies on the Relationship of Affective Disorders to Substance Abuse T. R. Kosten Co-vulnerability Between Affective Disorders and Substance Abuse: Preclinical Perspectives E. Gardner vi Post-Drug Elevations in Reward Thresholds as an Animal Model of Affective Disorders A. Markou and G. Koob SYMPOSIUM V Young Investigator’s Symposium Environmental Modulation of Drug Effects 53 Titles and Participants Chairpersons: J. Kamien and L. Amass Environmental Determinants of the Neurochemical Effects of Drugs S. L. Vrana Environmental Modulation of the Discriminative Stimulus Effects of Drugs J. B. Kamien Environmental Modulation of the Reinforcing Effects of Drugs M. A. Nader Environmental Modulation of the Subject-Rated Effects of Drugs C. R. Rush Environmental Modulation of Drug Effects in Drug Abuse Treatment L. Amass SYMPOSIUM VI Brain Imaging in Substance Abuse 58 Titles and Participants Chairpersons: C. P. O’Brien and A. R. Childress Brain Metabolism in Substance Abuse E. London Fluoro-dopa Studies of Human and Animal Cocaine Abuse L. Baxter, Jr. EEG Brain Mapping of Drug-Induced Intoxication S. Lukas Dopaminergic Involvement in Cocaine Dependence N. Volkow SPECT Imaging of DA Transporters in Cocaine Dependence with [ 1231] -CIT R. Malison Brain Imaging During Drug-Craving States A. R. Childress Discussant C. P. O’Brien vii SYMPOSIUM VII Dr. Franklin M. Robinson Memorial Symposium Medicinal Chemistry in Drug Abuse Research 63 Titles and Participants Chairpersons: A. H. Newman and K. C. Rice In Memoriam P. S. Anderson A Tribute to Dr. Frank Robinson K. C. Rice Interaction of Nonpeptidal Ligands at Opioid Receptor Sites P. Portoghese Development of Selective Nonpeptide Ligands for Further Characterization of Delta Opioid Receptors S. Calderon Opioids - From Analgesics to Addict Treatments J. Lewis Substituted 3-Carbamoylecgonine Methyl Ester Analogues: Novel Probes for the Cocaine Recognition Site on the Central Dopamine Transporter R. Kline Studies of Conformationally Constrained Phenethylamines P. Anderson Novel 3 -Diphenylmethoxytropane Analogs are Potent Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors Without a Cocaine-Like Behavioral Profile A. H. Newman SYMPOSIUM VIII Is There a Dose-Response Curve for Psychosocial Services? 71 Titles and Participants Chairpersons: J. A. Hoffman and B. W. Fletcher Effects of Amount of Services on Outcomes During Treatment: Preliminary Analysis from Two National Studies of Community-Based Treatment Programs R. L. Hubbard; R. M. Etheridge; S. G. Craddock; and G. Dunteman Psychosocial Treatments for Cocaine Abuse: Treatment Intensity as a Predictor of Long-Term Clinical Outcomes J. A. Hoffman; B. D. Caudill; J. Koman, III; J. W. Lucke; P. M. Flynn; and D. W. Mayo Dose-Response Studies of Psychosocial Services During Substance Abuse Treatment A. T. McLellan viii SYMPOSIUM IX Etiology, Epidemiology and Natural History of Heroin Addiction: A Social Science Approach 74 Titles and Participants Chairpersons: J. C. Ball and D. N. Nurco Sociology of Drug Abuse in Contemporary America R. R. Clayton Social Pathology and the Onset of Heroin Addiction D. N. Nurco Special Treatment Needs of Female Opiate Addicts T. A. Hagan Characteristics of Patients in Methadone Maintenance Programs in the United States J. C. Ball and G. A. Groves SYMPOSIUM X Buprenorphine: Current Status for the Treatment of Opioid Dependence 79 Titles and Participants Chairpersons: W. K. Bickel and M. L Stitzer Clinical Pharmacology of Buprenorphine M. L. Stitzer Buprenorphine as a Detoxification Agent R. E. Johnson Routes of Prior Opiate Administration: Effects on Outcome Variables in the NIDA/MDD #999a Buprenorphine Multicenter Study D. L. Segal and J.
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