DOCSLIB.ORG

Isolation and Characterization of Fifteen Microsatellite Loci in the Tibetan Fox

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Isolation and Characterization of Fifteen Microsatellite Loci in the Tibetan Fox c Indian Academy of Sciences ONLINE RESOURCES Isolation and characterization of fifteen microsatellite loci in the Tibetan fox (Vulpes ferrilata) MIN LI1, XIAO MING WANG1, 2, WEI BIN JIANG1, PAN YU HUA1 and ZHENG HUAN WANG1, 3∗ 1School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People’s Republic of China 2Shanghai Science and Technology Museum, Shanghai 200127, People’s Republic of China 3Shanghai Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Ecological Restoration, Shanghai 200062, People’s Republic of China [Li M., Wang X. M., Jiang W. B., Hua P. Y. and Wang Z. H. 2011 Isolation and characterization of fifteen microsatellite loci in the Tibetan fox (Vulpes ferrilata). J. Genet. 90, e82–e85. Online only: http://www.ias.ac.in/jgenet/OnlineResources/90/e82.pdf] Introduction 2006), which is more efficient compared with the traditional field methods. However, enough microsatellite loci must be Assessing changes in local populations of wildlife species is available to perform microsatellite genotype analysis. No essential to understand the dynamics of animal populations microsatellite locus of the Tibetan fox is available yet. There- and therefore is crucial in animal ecology and wildlife conser- fore, we present our study on isolation of microsatellite loci vation (Gibbs 2000). The Tibetan fox (Vulpes ferrilata)isan in the Tibetan fox in this paper. endemic plateau species distributed only in the steppes and semideserts of the Tibetan plateau in China, Nepal, and north India, at elevations between 3500 and 5300 m (Feng et al. Materials and methods 1986;Nowak1999). To our knowledge, only a few syste- matic studies on the biology and ecology of this species Tissue samples of V. ferrilata were obtained from 36 Tibetan have been published (Wang et al. 2007, 2008; Harris et al. foxes. Among these, seven samples were collected from 2008;Liuet al. 2009, 2010). Recently, the eastern Tibetan Tibetan fox pelts in Ali, Tibetan Autonomic Region, 2008, plateau, China, has been recognized a new endemic region and the other 29 samples were collected in Shiqu, Sichuan for Echinococcus spp. with the highest prevalence of alveo- Province. Among the Shiqu samples, 22 were obtained from lar echinococcosis (AE) in the world (Li et al. 2005). AE, a carcasses collected from 2001 to 2009, while the other seven lethal chronic parasitological zoonosis in north hemisphere, were ear tissue samples obtained when ear-tagging during a is caused by a canid tapeworm, Echinococcus multilocularis radio-tracking study of foxes (2006–2009). (Wang et al. 2008). The transmission of AE needs a sta- DNA was extracted from each sample using a TIANamp ble wildlife reservoir and the Tibetan fox has been found Genomic DNA tissue/blood kit (Tiangen, Beijing, China) to be the main wildlife definitive host (Qiu et al. 1999). To according to the standard protocol in the instructions. A understand the epidemiology of AE in this region, the local genomic library for CA dinucleotide repeats was constructed population size of the Tibetan fox must be evaluated. according to Hua et al.(2007). Briefly, 2–5 μg of genomic The only reports about the Tibetan fox population monitor- DNA extracted from V. ferrilata was digested with 8–24 U ing are from Piao (1989) and Schaller (1998). However, these MboI (Takara, Dalian, China) in a volume of 50 μLat ◦ early data based on observations along roadsides cannot pro- 37 C overnight, then the fragments from 250 to 750 bp vide much information to the present Tibetan fox popula- were selected for DNA purification using DNA purifica- tion status. Therefore, IUCN stated that the population trend tion kit (Takara, Dalian, China) and ligated to a blunt-end of Tibetan foxes is still unknown (IUCN 2010). The micro- adapter (SAULA: 5 -GCGGTACCCGGGAAGCTTGG-3 , satellite genotype analysis based on the copro-DNA is a SAULB: 5 -GATCCCAAGCTT CCCGGGTACCGC-3 ) new method used increasingly in wildlife population studies with T4 DNA ligase (Takara, Dalian, China). The ligation (Harrison et al. 2002; Dallas et al. 2003;Zhanet al. products were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using SAULA primer. PCR recations were undertaken on a DNA thermal cycler (Bio-Rad, Hercules, USA) with an ini- tial denaturation at 72◦Cfor5min;followedby34cyclesof ∗ For correspondence. E-mail: [email protected]. 30 s at 94◦C, 30 s at 67◦C, 40 s extension at 72◦C; and 72◦C Keywords. genotype; microsatellite loci; Vulpes ferrilata. Journal of Genetics Vol. 90, Online Resources e82 Microsatellites in Tibetan fox elongation 10 min. The amplification products were dena- Result and discussion tured and hybridized with biotin-labelled dinucleotide repeat oligonucleotides (CA) probe in sodium phosphate buffer To each of the 36 fox tissue samples, PCR amplification for 15 μ (0.5 M sodium phosphate, 0.5% SDS, pH = 7.4) overnight. each locus was conducted in a final volume of 15 L contain- μ The hybridized mixture was incubated with VECTREX ing 0.5 M forward primer (5 modified with FAM, HEX or μ Avidin D (Vector Laboratories, Beijing, China) at 37◦Cin TAMRA), 0.5 M reverse primer, 50–100 ng template DNA, TBS (150 mm NaCl/100 mm Tris, pH = 7.5) for 1 h, then 0.5 mM of each dNTP, 0.5 U hotstart Taq DNA polymerase μ washed thrice by TBS at different temperatures to remove (Qiagen, Shanghai, China), and 1.5 L manufacturer’s PCR unbound fragments. Finally, bound fragments were eluted buffer containing 1.5 mM MgCl2. Reactions were under- ◦ taken according to the following PCR procedure: 95◦Cini- with ddH2Oat65 C for 30 min. The targeted genomic frag- ◦ ments were then amplified by PCR with primer SAULA, tial denaturing for 5 min; 34 cycles of 95 C denaturing for cloned into pGEM-T vector (Promega, Madison, USA), and 30 s, primer-specific annealing temperature (table 1) for 30 s ◦ ◦ transformed DH5α or Top10 competent cells. We identified and extension for 40 s at 72 C; final extension at 72 Cfor 247 positive clones by PCR using linker primers (SAULA 10 min. PCR products were separated through 2% denatur- and SAULB) and M13 universal primers (Sangon, Shan- ing polyacrilamide gels. The fragments were detected using ghai, China), then sequenced with M13 primers. Primers of an ABI 3730 XL automatic sequencer (Applied Biosystems, 63 positives (25.5% of the 247 clones) were designed with Beijing, China) and analysed with Genemapper 4.0 (Applied Primer PREMIER 5.0 (Premier Biosoft International, Palo Biosystems, Beijing, China). Alto, USA). Thirty nine primer pairs amplified microsatellite GenePop version 4.0 (Laboratiore de Genetique et Envi- loci and were used to screen genetic variation. ronment, Montpellier, France) was used to calculate the Table 1. Characterization of 15 microsatellite loci in 36 Tibetan foxes. GenBank accession Size range ◦ Locus Primer sequence 5 -3 number Repeat sequencec Ta ( C) N A (bp) He Ho p02 GTGACGCCCAAACATCC GU944946 (TG)4...(TG)3...(TG)3 58 3 3 140–168 0.177 0.125 GGCTCCTGCTCCTCTGC p03 GAAAGCCAGGGTCCAGTA HQ452342 (GT)14 58 11 7 192–208 0.653 0.419 CAGAAACGGGCATCCATA p08 ATTCTGGACCAATGAGGC HQ452343 (GT)17 62 17 15 170–210 0.843 0.742 GGAGGGGAGGAAGGATA p09 GGTGGAGACTGCTTGGGA GU944947 (CA)7...(CA)8 58 4 3 300–336 0.423 0.207 CCTGTGGAATAGAGCGGG p02c AGAAGCAGGATTCACACC HQ452344 (CA)23 54 14 9 180–222 0.812 0.939 TTCCCTCAACACTCACC p04c GATCAAGTCCCAGGTCG GU944948 (GT)21 56 3 3 170–280 0.092 0.094 CACTGAGTTAGCCAGATG p02d CTTATTGGGCTTCTTGG HQ452345 (GA)6...(GT)19 60 12 8 124–144 0.692 0.528 TTGCCTCAGCATCTCATC p01f GCCTGGGAAGGAATCAAG HQ452346 (CA)17 64 16 10 170–230 0.857 0.778 CCTGGCTCCATCCAAACA p02h CTGGGAAGGAAGCAAGA HQ452347 (CA)17 58 14 7 195–207 0.793 0.800 CATACACCCTAAGCAACTG p03h TCTACCCATACAGCATCC HQ452348 (CA)22 58 8 6 226–236 0.740 0.667 GAGCCAGTGTCTATCCCT p04h CTGCTGGAAAGAGGAAT HQ452349 (CA)21 58 19 11 203–235 0.840 0.743 CAGAGCCAAAGGTAGGT p05h TCACTCCTAAGAAATCGG HQ452350 (GT)20...(GA)10 58 17 10 310–336 0.778 0.829 GCACTGGCATGAACTGG p06h GGATGGGCAGATGGAGCA HQ452351 (GT)20 58 6 6 281–313 0.487 0.627 GCCTGAGCAGTTGACCTT p01i GGGGACCTCAAGAATGT HQ452352 (GT)19 58 22 15 164–232 0.836 0.686 TGTCTCATCAATGCCAAG p03i ATCTCCTCCAAGACCTCC HQ452353 (CA)10...(CA)7 58 20 9 447–463 0.867 0.914 TCCCACCCCTGATACCT Ta, annealing temperature of the primer pairs; N, number of genotypes; A, alleles found in fox individuals; He and Ho, the size range, expected heterozygosity and observed heterozygosity are given for each locus. The size range refers to the observed distribution of alleles at each locus for 36 individuals. Journal of Genetics Vol. 90, Online Resources e83 MinLietal. Table 2. Genotypes of the 36 individuals in this study for the 15 qualified microsatellite loci. Microsatellite locus Individual number p02 p03 p08 p09 p02c p04c p02d p01f p02h p03h p04h p05h p06h p01i p03i tf1 3 752133 1 0 5 6 16142 1510 tf2 3 7 6 2 8 0 5 0 14 0 13 14 2 13 4 tf3 1 3 8 2 5 3 2 2 14 6 10 15 2 14 11 tf4 3 7 8 2 7 3 1 4 11 6 14 14 2 22 4 tf5 1410253 44631492183 tf6 3 1 14 2 9 0 4 1 12 6 14 7 2 8 4 tf7 3 7 5 2 8 3 4 4 13 0 13 17 2 17 7 tf8 3 3 11 3 10 3 1 14 12 8 10 14 4 13 9 tf9 1710283 41560141641119 tf10 379483 4664 91141612 tf11 3410473 4 9 1016164169 tf12 367373 7 0 4018132620 tf13 3372111108 7019161517 tf14 347293 2134016103104 tf15a 388283 1166617631812 tf15b 3 10 13 2 7 3 1 9 6 5 11 6 3 7 14 tf16 338273 8139016133162 tf17 320093 1 9 2010153413 tf18 378293 9 9 401753164 tf19 376283 6124012163204 tf20 385383 11108151331911 tf21 3 4 13 4 0 3 1 11 11 0 11 15 3 11 14 tf24 3 4 12 0 0 3 4 4 3 5 8 16 3 21 6 tf25 3 9 17 2 14 3 12 0 0 0 2 1 5 10 12 tf26 2 0 1 2 5 3 10 0 0 0 4 2 6 13 14 tf27 3 5 15 1 2 2 10 0 0 7 4 13 2 1 1 tf28 3 11 16 2 1 3 10 8 13 0 5 3 2 16 16 tf29 0 0 0 0 12 0 11 0 8 1 3 17 2 2 15 tf30 3 7 16 1 4 3 10 0 0 2 6 4 3 12 1 tf31 00006111013011421118 tf32 332003 4 5 00 0 00 00 tf33 0 0 0 0 9 3 3 3 10 5 11 8 3 11 3 tf34 1 3 4 3 9 3 10 10 4 0 11 9 3 9 15 tf35 3 4 15 4 3 3 9 10 4 0 17 9 3 3 4 tf36 3730110 2 71007122175 tf37 0 0 0 4 9 3 10 10 12 0 16 13 3 16 8 For each locus, each figure indicates one genotype; the figure ‘0’ indicates that the locus in this individual was unable to amplify.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Wild Mammals of the Annapurna Conservation Area Cggk"0F{ ;+/If0f If]Qsf :Tgwf/L Jgohgt' Wild Mammals of the Annapurna Conservation Area - 2019
    Wild Mammals of the Annapurna Conservation Area cGgk"0f{ ;+/If0f If]qsf :tgwf/L jGohGt' Wild Mammals of the Annapurna Conservation Area - 2019 ISBN 978-9937-8522-8-9978-9937-8522-8-9 9 789937 852289 National Trust for Nature Conservation Annapurna Conservation Area Project Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal Hariyo Kharka, Pokhara, Kaski, Nepal National Trust for Nature Conservation P.O. Box: 3712, Kathmandu, Nepal P.O. Box: 183, Kaski, Nepal Tel: +977-1-5526571, 5526573, Fax: +977-1-5526570 Tel: +977-61-431102, 430802, Fax: +977-61-431203 Annapurna Conservation Area Project Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Website: www.ntnc.org.np Website: www.ntnc.org.np 2019 Wild Mammals of the Annapurna Conservation Area cGgk"0f{ ;+/If0f If]qsf :tgwf/L jGohGt' National Trust for Nature Conservation Annapurna Conservation Area Project 2019 Wild Mammals of the Annapurna Conservation Area cGgk"0f{ ;+/If0f If]qsf :tgwf/L jGohGt' Published by © NTNC-ACAP, 2019 All rights reserved Any reproduction in full or in part must mention the title and credit NTNC-ACAP. Reviewers Prof. Karan Bahadur Shah (Himalayan Nature), Dr. Naresh Subedi (NTNC, Khumaltar), Dr. Will Duckworth (IUCN) and Yadav Ghimirey (Friends of Nature, Nepal). Compilers Rishi Baral, Ashok Subedi and Shailendra Kumar Yadav Suggested Citation Baral R., Subedi A. & Yadav S.K. (Compilers), 2019. Wild Mammals of the Annapurna Conservation Area. National Trust for Nature Conservation, Annapurna Conservation Area Project, Pokhara, Nepal. First Edition : 700 Copies ISBN : 978-9937-8522-8-9 Front Cover : Yellow-bellied Weasel (Mustela kathiah), back cover: Orange- bellied Himalayan Squirrel (Dremomys lokriah).
    [Show full text]
  • Small Carnivores in Tinjure-Milke-Jaljale, Eastern Nepal
    SMALL CARNIVORES IN TINJURE-MILKE-JALJALE, EASTERN NEPAL The content of this booklet can be used freely with permission for any conservation and education purpose. However we would be extremely happy to get a hard copy or soft copy of the document you have used it for. For further information: Friends of Nature Kathmandu, Nepal P.O. Box: 23491 Email: [email protected], Website: www.fonnepal.org Facebook: www.facebook.com/fonnepal2005 First Published: April, 2018 Photographs: Friends of Nature (FON), Jeevan Rai, Zaharil Dzulkafly, www.pixabay/ werner22brigitte Design: Roshan Bhandari Financial support: Rufford Small Grants, UK Authors: Jeevan Rai, Kaushal Yadav, Yadav Ghimirey, Som GC, Raju Acharya, Kamal Thapa, Laxman Prasad Poudyal and Nitesh Singh ISBN: 978-9937-0-4059-4 Acknowledgements: We are grateful to Zaharil Dzulkafly for his photographs of Marbled Cat, and Andrew Hamilton and Wildscreen for helping us get them. We are grateful to www.pixabay/werner22brigitte for giving us Binturong’s photograph. We thank Bidhan Adhikary, Thomas Robertson, and Humayra Mahmud for reviewing and providing their valuable suggestions. Preferred Citation: Rai, J., Yadav, K., Ghimirey, Y., GC, S., Acharya, R., Thapa, K., Poudyal, L.P., and Singh, N. 2018. Small Carnivores in Tinjure-Milke-Jaljale, Eastern Nepal. Friends of Nature, Nepal and Rufford Small Grants, UK. Small Carnivores in Tinjure-Milke-Jaljale, Eastern Nepal Why Protect Small Carnivores! Small carnivores are an integral part of our ecosystem. Except for a few charismatic species such as Red Panda, a general lack of research and conservation has created an information gap about them. I am optimistic that this booklet will, in a small way, be the starting journey of filling these gaps in our knowledge bank of small carnivore in Nepal.
    [Show full text]
  • Pnnvobm 4Jho 1Ptu Pg 4Opx -Fpqbset 3Dqwkhud Xqfld Boe 0Uifs 4Qfdjft Po Uif 5Jcfubo 1Mbufbv $Ijob
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ÓHVF[ $PQZSJHIU ª +VBO -J FU BM ćJT JT BO PQFO BDDFTT BSUJDMF EJTUSJCVUFE VOEFS UIF $SFBUJWF $PNNPOT "UUSJCVUJPO -JDFOTF XIJDI QFSNJUT VOSFTUSJDUFE VTF EJTUSJCVUJPO BOE SFQSPEVDUJPO JO BOZ NFEJVN QSPWJEFE UIF PSJHJOBM XPSL JT QSPQFSMZ DJUFE ćF TOPX MFPQBSE JT B LFZTUPOF TQFDJFT JO NPVOUBJO FDPTZTUFNT PG $FOUSBM "TJB BOE UIF 5JCFUBO 1MBUFBV )PXFWFS MJUUMF JT LOPXO BCPVU UIF JOUFSBDUJPOT CFUXFFO TOPX MFPQBSET BOE TZNQBUSJD DBSOJWPSFT 6TJOH JOGSBSFE DBNFSBT XF GPVOE B SPDLZ KVODUJPO PG UXP WBMMFZT JO 4BOKJBOHZVBO BSFB PO UIF 5JCFUBO 1MBUFBV XIFSF NBOZ NBNNBMT JO UIJT BSFB QBTTFE BOE GSFRVFOUMZ NBSLFE BOE TOJČFE UIFTJUFBUUIFKVODUJPO8FTVHHFTUUIBUUIJTTJUFTFSWFTBTBTJHOQPTUUPNBOZ
    [Show full text]
  • Small Carnivores
    SMALL CARNIVORES IN TINJURE-MILKE-JALJALE, EASTERN NEPAL The content of this booklet can be used freely with permission for any conservation and education purpose. However we would be extremely happy to get a hard copy or soft copy of the document you have used it for. For further information: Friends of Nature Kathmandu, Nepal P.O. Box: 23491 Email: [email protected], Website: www.fonnepal.org Facebook: www.facebook.com/fonnepal2005 First Published: April, 2018 Photographs: Friends of Nature (FON), Jeevan Rai, Zaharil Dzulkafly, www.pixabay/ werner22brigitte Design: Roshan Bhandari Financial support: Rufford Small Grants, UK Authors: Jeevan Rai, Kaushal Yadav, Yadav Ghimirey, Som GC, Raju Acharya, Kamal Thapa, Laxman Prasad Poudyal and Nitesh Singh ISBN: 978-9937-0-4059-4 Acknowledgements: We are grateful to Zaharil Dzulkafly for his photographs of Marbled Cat, and Andrew Hamilton and Wildscreen for helping us get them. We are grateful to www.pixabay/werner22brigitte for giving us Binturong’s photograph. We thank Bidhan Adhikary, Thomas Robertson, and Humayra Mahmud for reviewing and providing their valuable suggestions. Preferred Citation: Rai, J., Yadav, K., Ghimirey, Y., GC, S., Acharya, R., Thapa, K., Poudyal, L.P., and Singh, N. 2018. Small Carnivores in Tinjure-Milke -Jaljale, Eastern Nepal. Friends of Nature, Nepal and Rufford Small Grants, UK. Small Carnivores in Tinjure-Milke-Jaljale, Eastern Nepal Why Protect Small Carnivore! Small carnivores are an integral part of our ecosystem. Except for a few charismatic species such as Red Panda, a general lack of research and conservation has created an information gap about them. I am optimistic that this booklet will, in a small way, be the starting journey of filling these gaps in our knowledge bank of small carnivore in Nepal.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes on the Biology of the Tibetan Fox (Vulpes Ferrilata)
    Harris et al. Biology of Tibetan fox Canid News Copyright © 2008 by the IUCN/SSC Canid Specialist Group. ISSN 1478-2677 The following is the established format for referencing this article: Harris et al. 2008. Notes on the biology of the Tibetan fox. Canid News 11.1 [online] URL: http://www.canids.org/canidnews/11/ Biology_of_Tibetan_fox.pdf. Research Report Notes on the biology of the Tibetan fox Richard B. Harris1*, Wang Zhenghuan2, Zhou Jiake1, and Liu Qunxiu2 1 Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, College of Forestry and Conservation, Univer- sity of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA. 2 School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China. * Correspondence author. Email: [email protected] Keywords: body size; brown bear; China; mating; Ursus arctos; Vulpes ferrilata; whelping Abstract Introduction We report on three aspects of the biology of Until recently, biological data on the Tibetan Tibetan foxes Vulpes ferrilata for which existing fox was gained mostly from anecdotal reports, literature is either absent or misleading. Our observations of their sign, or hunting records two field studies in western China each in- (e.g. Gong and Hu 2003; Schaller and Gisnberg volved capture (and subsequent radio- 2004; Wang et al. 2003, 2004, 2007). Because marking) of foxes, allowing us to refine exist- Tibetan foxes live in remote, mountainous en- ing information on body size and mass. Ti- vironments and are rarely observed in the betan foxes we captured were somewhat lar- wild, some aspects of their biology have been ger and heavier than the current literature difficult to document.
    [Show full text]
  • 20200227141213545.Pdf
    Founded in 2007, SHAN SHUI Conservation Center is a Chinese NGO homegrown and dedicated to conservation practices. Together with our partners - communities, academic institutions, governments, companies, and media, we support local initiatives to defend the land we depend on. We focus our work on the most biologically diverse areas: Sanjiangyuan, the Mountains of Southwest China, and the Lancang River Basin. CONTENTS Nature Watch 22 Nature Watch Joint Action Base 23 The Chairman’s Foreword 01 Nature Watch Databases 24 The Executive Director’s Message 03 Nature Watch Data Application 25 Work Map 05 Snow Leopard Survey and Conservation Report 25 EIA Early Warning 25 Highlights 2018 07 An Urgent Call to Updat China Red 25 Lists (Fauna & Flora) Community-based Conservation 09 26 Snow Leopards and Grassland 10 Urban Biodiversity Recovery Snow Leopard Research and Conservation 11 Guilin Esquel Shi Ru Park 27 Wetland Research and Conservation 12 Beijing’s Urban Wetland Ecosystem 28 Sustainable Grassland Management 13 National Park Pilot Program 14 Communication and Fundraising 29 Communication 30 Giant Pandas and Forest 15 Fundraising Monitor and Patrol 16 31 Community Development 17 About Us 32 Policy Advocacy 18 Board Members 33 Forest Conservation and Recovery in Yunnan 19 Financial Overview 35 Yunlong : Multi-Value Forest Recovery 20 Staff and Awards 36 Menglian Heishan Initiative 21 Acknowledgments 37 Naren and Sayong Community Protected Areas 21 The Chairman's Foreword A March Through Uncertainty Since it was founded in 2007, Shanshui Conservation
    [Show full text]
  • Chinese Mountain Cat and Pallas's Cat Co-Existing on the Tibetan Plateau in Sichuan
    Webb, R., Francis, S., Telfer, P., & Guillemont, A. (2016). Chinese mountain cat and Pallas's cat co-existing on the Tibetan Plateau in Sichuan. Cat News 63: 31-33. Keywords: 4CN/behaviour/chinese mountain cat/co-existence/co-occurrence/felis bieti/habitat/Manul/Otocolobus manul/Pallas's cat/sighting/status/threat Chinese mountain cat Felis bieti remained virtually unknown in the wild until Yin et al. (2007) presented the first photographs of the species in the wild taken on the Tibetan Plateau. Sanderson et al. (2010) provide an excellent overview of what is known about the species but to date there appears to be little information on the species ability to co-exist alongside other carnivores. Here we provide what appears to be the first evidence of Chinese mountain cat living alongside both Pallas's cat Otocolobus manul and Tibetan fox Vulpes ferrilata in the Rouergai area on the Tibetan Plateau in Sichuan. original contribution RICHARD WEBB1*, SID FRANCIS2, PHIL TELFER3 AND ALAIN GUILLEMONT4 ning (three cubs were seen) approximately 200 metres away from one of the quarries. Chinese mountain cat and The sighting just before dusk on 2 April 2016 (sighting 5) demonstrates this well Pallas’s cat co-existing on the when RW flushed a Chinese mountain cat no more than 50 metres from a Pallas’s cat Tibetan Plateau in Sichuan that RW and SF had been watching for over 15 minutes as does AG’s (sighting 8) of two Chinese mountain cat Felis bieti remained virtually unknown in the wild until Yin Chinese mountain cats and two Pallas’s cats et al.
    [Show full text]
  • 2009 Conservation Impact Report
    2009 Conservation Impact Report Introduction AZA-accredited zoos and aquariums serve as conservation centers that are concerned about ecosystem health, take responsibility for species survival, contribute to research, conservation, and education, and provide society the opportunity to develop personal connections with the animals in their care. Whether breeding and re-introducing endangered species, rescuing and rehabilitating sick and injured animals, maintaining far-reaching educational and outreach programs or supporting and conducting in-situ and ex-situ research and field conservation projects, zoos and aquariums play a vital role in maintaining our planet’s diverse wildlife and natural habitats while engaging the public to appreciate and participate in conservation. In 2009, 127 of AZA’s 238 accredited institutions and certified-related facilities contributed data for the 2009 Conservation Impact Report. A summary of the 1,762 conservation efforts these institutions participated in within ~60 countries is provided. In addition, a list of individual projects is broken out by state and zoological institution. This report was compiled by Shelly Grow (AZA Conservation Biologist) as well as Jamie Shockley and Katherine Zdilla (AZA Volunteer Interns). This report, along with those from previous years, is available on the AZA Web site at: http://www.aza.org/annual-report-on-conservation-and-science/. 2009 AZA Conservation Projects Grevy's Zebra Trust ARGENTINA National/International Conservation Support CANADA Temaiken Foundation Health
    [Show full text]
  • China October
    China October - December 2019 40 days Sophie and Manuel Baumgartner China was the last part of our 5-month mammal watching journey. We already had a great time in Borneo and South America and even though we were not sure how it would be here - we already appreciated a lot what nature had ready for us. What we experienced in China blew us away! When we started to organise our trip to China our idea was to travel independently once again and put a focus on also discovering new places (contributing in style of citizen science) but we quickly realized that this was going to be complicated here. It started with the fact that we were not allowed to drive, neither with our driving license, nor with the international one. Once we were there, we were really grateful to have a Chinese speaking travel companion, we barely met anyone speaking English and since one cannot use Google (no Facebook, Wikipedia and WhatsApp only partially as well by the way) here… well. No Google Translate and only Bing which leads to translations such as this on the picture besides. Even if you are travel experienced, everything seems to be different here in China and discovering new places was a great challenge to us. There are no Apps or anything like that where nature reserve and accommodations are visible, most interesting roads (small roads) are not visible on Google Maps (maps.me was sometimes more accurate). So, we always basically had to drive [email protected] anywhere and discover there. Accommodations were sometimes hard to find and there is also the possibility that you do find an accommodation but that they don’t take “westerners” because they don’t know how to report to the police or one time the police kindly told us to leave the whole county as we would have needed a special permit to visit.
    [Show full text]
  • 20 Days Classic Sichuan Birding Tour
    20 Days Classic Sichuan Birding Tour 20 Days Classic Sichuan Birding Tour 27 May - 15 Jun 2021 Outline ·Day 1: Chengdu, Sichuan, China ·Day 2: Chengdu / Tangjiahe NR ·Day 3-4: Tangjiahe NR ·Day 5: Tangjiahe NR / Chuanzhusi ·Day 6: Chuanzhusi / Ruoergai ·Day 7: Roergai Grassland ·Day 8: Ruoergai / Maerkang ·Day 9: Mengbi Mountain ·Day 10: Maerkang / Rilong ·Day 11-12: Balang Mountain ·Day 13: Balang Mountain / Labahe ·Day 14: Labahe NR ·Day 15: Labahe / Erlang Mountain ·Day 16: Erlang Mountain / Longcanggou ·Day 17-18: Longcanggou ·Day 19: Longcanggou / Chengdu Golden Pheasant ·Day 20: Chengdu / Depart Highlights: 1. The combination of our experienced western guides and local guides ensure your needs are well met. 2. We run the trip in the best season. Not only birds are in the breeding season, but all the destinations have the most beautiful sceneries in this season. 3. Small groups with more flexibility. The group is limited to 8 so that we can maximize the chances of each participant. Besides, we can use a smaller and convenient bus versus a big bus required for bigger groups. 4. This trip covers the most popular and classic birding sites of Sichuan. 5. Explore the Tibetan areas of Sichuan to see some plateau specials. 6. We have been a reliable local partner for some prestigious western birding and wildlife travel companies over a decade. 7. We have a strong logistic team to ensure your trip goes smoothly and ensures you a comfortable and enjoyable journey. [email protected]; www.alpinebirding.com 2 Tour Info Sheet Snow Partridge,
    [Show full text]
  • Local Gazetteers Reveal Contrasting Patterns of Historical Distribution
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.15.202390; this version posted August 2, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Local Gazetteers Reveal Contrasting Patterns of Historical Distribution 2 Changes between Apex Predators and Mesopredators in Eastern China 3 Kaijin Hu1, Chunhui Hao2 4 1. School of Sociology and Anthropology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China 5 2. School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China 6 Correspondence author: Kaijin Hu, Email: [email protected] 7 Abstract: 8 Background: Humans have been causing the sixth wave of mass extinction of 9 biodiversity. The situation of predators, especially of carnivores, is a key indicator of 10 biodiversity, and the mesopredator release is a typical phenomenon in ecosystem 11 recess. Local gazetteers( 地 方 志 ) are a rich resource for historical biodiversity 12 research. But there are obvious biases in previous studies focusing in only presence 13 records and neglecting the absence records. We recollected and analyze the records by 14 fixed methods to research historical change of biodiversity. 15 Methods: Innovatively, this research uses both presence and absence records 16 from local gazetteers to reconstruct the distribution of 8 kinds of mammalian 17 predators (i.e. tiger, leopard, bear, wolf, fox, civet, dhole and mustelid) in eastern 18 China from 1573 A.D. to 1949 A.D. (sorted into 4 periods). Then we analyze the 19 distribution changes, the relation between animals and the influence from human.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Taxa for Which MIL Has Images
    LIST OF 27 ORDERS, 163 FAMILIES, 887 GENERA, AND 2064 SPECIES IN MAMMAL IMAGES LIBRARY 31 JULY 2021 AFROSORICIDA (9 genera, 12 species) CHRYSOCHLORIDAE - golden moles 1. Amblysomus hottentotus - Hottentot Golden Mole 2. Chrysospalax villosus - Rough-haired Golden Mole 3. Eremitalpa granti - Grant’s Golden Mole TENRECIDAE - tenrecs 1. Echinops telfairi - Lesser Hedgehog Tenrec 2. Hemicentetes semispinosus - Lowland Streaked Tenrec 3. Microgale cf. longicaudata - Lesser Long-tailed Shrew Tenrec 4. Microgale cowani - Cowan’s Shrew Tenrec 5. Microgale mergulus - Web-footed Tenrec 6. Nesogale cf. talazaci - Talazac’s Shrew Tenrec 7. Nesogale dobsoni - Dobson’s Shrew Tenrec 8. Setifer setosus - Greater Hedgehog Tenrec 9. Tenrec ecaudatus - Tailless Tenrec ARTIODACTYLA (127 genera, 308 species) ANTILOCAPRIDAE - pronghorns Antilocapra americana - Pronghorn BALAENIDAE - bowheads and right whales 1. Balaena mysticetus – Bowhead Whale 2. Eubalaena australis - Southern Right Whale 3. Eubalaena glacialis – North Atlantic Right Whale 4. Eubalaena japonica - North Pacific Right Whale BALAENOPTERIDAE -rorqual whales 1. Balaenoptera acutorostrata – Common Minke Whale 2. Balaenoptera borealis - Sei Whale 3. Balaenoptera brydei – Bryde’s Whale 4. Balaenoptera musculus - Blue Whale 5. Balaenoptera physalus - Fin Whale 6. Balaenoptera ricei - Rice’s Whale 7. Eschrichtius robustus - Gray Whale 8. Megaptera novaeangliae - Humpback Whale BOVIDAE (54 genera) - cattle, sheep, goats, and antelopes 1. Addax nasomaculatus - Addax 2. Aepyceros melampus - Common Impala 3. Aepyceros petersi - Black-faced Impala 4. Alcelaphus caama - Red Hartebeest 5. Alcelaphus cokii - Kongoni (Coke’s Hartebeest) 6. Alcelaphus lelwel - Lelwel Hartebeest 7. Alcelaphus swaynei - Swayne’s Hartebeest 8. Ammelaphus australis - Southern Lesser Kudu 9. Ammelaphus imberbis - Northern Lesser Kudu 10. Ammodorcas clarkei - Dibatag 11. Ammotragus lervia - Aoudad (Barbary Sheep) 12.
    [Show full text]