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La Vie, Les Idées Et L'œuvre De Jean-Antoine De Baïf

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La Vie, Les Idées Et L'œuvre De Jean-Antoine De Baïf Notes du mont Royal www.notesdumontroyal.com 쐰 Cette œuvre est hébergée sur « No- tes du mont Royal » dans le cadre d’un exposé gratuit sur la littérature. SOURCE DES IMAGES Canadiana LA VIE, L’ES IDÉES ET [ŒUVRE DE J EAN-ANTOIN E DE BAÏF PAR Mathieu AUGÉ-CHIQUET ANCIEN ÉLÈVE DE L’UNlVERSXTÉ DE TOULOUSE DOCTEUR in LETTRES i1 Ouvrage couronné-, par l’Académie française : PARIS TOULOUSE HACHETTE ET Cie ÉDOUARD PRIVAT ÉDITEURS ÉDITEUR 7g, BOULEV. st-GEnMMN 14, RUE pas ARTS l909 a?» r" LA VIE. LES IDÉES ET L’ŒUVEE DE JEAN-ANTOINE DE BAÏF ’ "V 4m.A; . s LA VIE, LES IDÉES ET LZCEUVBE a «,4 , DE JEANANTOINE DE BAIE PAR Mathieu AUGÉ-CHIQUET ANCIEN ÉLÈVE DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE TOULOUSE DOCTEUR 1’23 LE’lTRKS PARIS TOULOUSE HACHETTE ET Cie ÉDOUARD, PRIVAT ÉDITEURS EDITEUH 79, BOULEV. st-GERMAIN 14, un: pas ARTS 1909 (PQ 1ms àïfië PRÉSERVATION gammes A MONSIEUR HENRY GUY PROFESSEUR A L’UNIVERSITÉ DE TOULOUSE Hommage de vive afection et de profonde reconnaissance. Il PRÉFACE Je ne sais plus par quel chemin, voici bien des années, je suis venu à Baïf. C’est, j’imagine, le goût des hommes et des choses de la Renaissance, si Vif dans cette génération, qui m’a conduit vers Iui, et aussi peut-être l’attrait de l’inconnu. Ceux à qui j’exposais mon projet me disaient : « VOus ferez œuvre utile; , mais Baïf est bien ennuyeux. » Je ne serai ni étonné, ni déçu et je m’estimerai honnêtement payé de ma peine si l’on juge ce livre fait à l’image du poète, hérissé, broussailleux, ennuyeux, - mais utile. L’oeuvre de, Baïf est méprisée, ignorée. Il a trop écrit et son style pénible ou négligé rebute la plupart des lecteurs. Sa réputation de « docte» poète en éloi- gne d’autres qui, s’ils surmontaient leur répugnance, auraient la surprise de constater qu’il est plus savant sans doute, mais aussi moins pédant que Ronsard. Est- iI besoin d’ajouter que son orthographe phonétique et ses vers mesurés - presque tous inédits - n’allèchent et n’attirent personne? C’est à peine si, dans ces der- nières années, MM. Francesco Flamini, Francesco Torraca, Edgar Shugert Ingraham et Joseph Vianey vm PRÉFACE. ont recherche les sources des Amours. La partie la plus considérable et. la meilleure de l’œuvre est restée jusqu’à ce jour entièrement inexplorée. l On méconnaît de même, en général, le sens et’la portée des idées de Baïl’, qu’on détache les unes des autres, qu’on isole des influences, des circonstances qui en ont, préparé et rendu possible l’éclosion. Tel cri- tique croit pouvoir étudier l’AcadëInz’e en négligeant les vers mesurés et l’histoire des’musiciens de Baïf. La plupart ne voient dans le poète que le créateur du vers baifin - invention insignifiante - ou un précurseur de Courart. Il ne mérite ni ce mépris ni cet honneur. La place que doit occuper Baïf dans la Pléiade n’est certes pas la première, ni peut-être la seconde; elle est cependant plus haute qu’on ne l’a faite jusqu’ici. A la lui rendre, on s’expose au reproche (l’exagérer le mérite et l’importance de son auteur. Je ne me flatte point d’y échapper. Pourtant aucun des défauts de Baïf n’a été dissimulé dans ce livre; partout je me suis efforcé de taire la sympathie que m’inspirent son appli- cation énergique, ses échecs répétés, et d’éviter le pané- gyrique pour ne donner qu’une analyse impartiale des faits. Mais il été nécessaire à plusieurs reprises d’écar- ter les prétentions de Ronsard, dont la primauté enva- hissante est par trop dédaigneuse de l’initiative d’autrui, et de ramener son rôle, qui reste très grand, à de plus justes proportions. Cc livre n’inaugure pas une méthode critique nou- velle. A un sujet complexe, et qui m’a amené à faire bien (les métiers, je n’ai pas voulu imposer une unité factice. J’ai dit les liaisons que je croyais découvrir entre PRÉFACE. 1x les divers poèmes ou inventions de Baïf, je n’ai caché ni les solutions de continuité, ni les incohérences. L’his- toire des idées est associée a l’histoire des œuvres; toutes deux suivent pas a pas les étapes (le la biogra- phie. La formation, puis l’évolution de l’eSprit de BaïF, les influences du milieu humaniste, des modes poéti- ques, des événements contemporains expliquent en par- tie les démarches de sa pensée, les progrès, les temps d’arrêt, ou même les retours momentanés vers le passé; mais il ne faut négliger ni l’action continue et profonde, ni les réactions soudaines de son caractère original. Parfois, semble-t-il, le poète disparaît de cette étude qui prétend lui être vouée toute; d’autres hommes occupent la scène : le chapitre premier, dans sa partie essentielle, analyse les méthodes éducatives de Tous- sain et de Dorat. Des procédés faciles et connus per- mettaient de faire paraître ici Baïf a la cantonade. J’ai cru ces petites habiletés inutiles. L’enseignement de Toussain et de Dorat explique l’helle’nisme de leur dis- ciple, sa prédilection pour les poètes alexandrins et néo-latins. Quoique invisible, Baïf est partout présent en ce chapitre. Mais pourquoi si longuement parler de Jacques Mauduit, le musicien, et de l’humaniste Paul Schede? Parce qu’ils ont été les amis de Baïl’, parce qu’ils ont vécu avec lui en commerce intime et quotidien, parce que leurs idées ont coloré de nuances nouvelles la pensée du poète, -- pour que rien ne fût omis de ce qui pouvait faire ce livre plus complet, plus vrai, plus vivant. Je terminerai cette courte préface en remerciant les archivistes et les bibliothécaires qui ont obligeamu’ieut 1-7’ x t PRÉFACE. collaboré à mes enquêtes biographiques et bibliogra- phiques. Je dois une particulière reconnaissance à M. Hugues Vaganay, qui m’a prêté quelques ouvrages fort rares de sa collection particulière; à M. Emile Pi- cot, qui, à deux reprises, m’a ouvert libéralement le trésor de ses fiches; surtout à M. Joseph Vianey, pro- fesseur à l’Université de Montpellier, qui, dans l’étude du pétrarquisme de Baïf, m’a aidé, avec une bonne volonté inlassable, de ses livres et des conseils précieux de sa longue expérience. Enfin comment exprimer ma gratitude à mes maîtres de l’Université de Toulouse, qui ont encouragé mes premiers essais, stimulé mes hésitations, relevé mes défaillances, à celui-là entre tous, dont j’inscris, avec un filial respect, le nom en tête de ce livre et à qui je dois le meilleur de ce qui est en moi? Puisse mon travail n’être pas trop indigne de leur confiance. 4 I. BIBLIOGRAPHIE DES (EUI’IIES DE J.-A. DE BAIE 1552. Le Ravissement d’Europe par J. Ant. (le. Bail”. A Paris, chez la veufve Maurice (le la Porte, au cloz Bruneau a l’enseigne Sainct Claude. 1552. ln-80, 8 If. non chif. 1552. Les Amours de Jan Antoine (le Baîf. A Paris, chez la veufve Maurice de la Porte. 1552. 111-80, 104 pp. -- Pri- vilège du 10 décembre 1552. 1555. Quatre liures (le l’Amour de Francine par Jan Antoine de Baïf. A Jaques de Cottier Parisien. Premiere impres- sion. A Paris, chez André W’echel (date : 1555, à la fin du volume). 111-80, 128 If. 1556. Trailte’ de l’Imaginafion, tiré du latin (le J. Françogs Pic de la illirandole par J. A.,D. B. A Paris, chez André SVechel, demeuranta l’enseigne du Cheval volant, rue S. Jean de Beauvais. 1556. 111-80. Cet ouvrage, que nous n’avons pu consulter, est signalé par Marty-Lascaux (Notice biographique sur Jean-Anloine de Bai]; p. xxn). Du Verdier le cite éga- lement. mais avec la date (le 1557 (Bibliolheque fran- çaise. Il, 336). 1558. Chant (le joie du jour des espousailles (le François roidaufin et de Marie roine d’Ecosse par J. Ant. de Baïf. A Paris, chez André W’echel, à l’enseigne du Cheval volant, rue S. Jean de Beauvais. 1558. ln-lto. 8 pp. 1562. « Adrian le Roy a mis eumusique à quatre parties douze chansons spirituelles. dont la lettre est de J.-A. de Bail, imprimées par lui. in-80. à Paris, 1562 a (Du Verdier. XII BIBLIOGRAPHIE. art. Adrian le Roy). Je n’ai trouvé nulle part trace de cet ouvrage. 1567. Le premier des Meteores de Jan Antoine de Baïf. A Cate- rine de Médicis Royne mere du roy. A Paris, Par Robert Estienne Imprimeur dudict seigneur. 1567. ln-hO, ho pp., 4 ff. non chif. Le Brave comedie de Jan Antoine de Baïf, jouee devant le roy en l’IiOstel de Guise a Paris le xxvui de jan- vier MDLXVII. A Paris, par Robert Estienne Impri- meur du Roy. 1567. In-80, 6 If. non chif.. 92 ff. Imitations de quelques chants de l’Arioste, par divers Poètes François nommez en la quatrieme page sui- vante. A Paris, chez Lucas Breyer. 1572. ln-80, 72 if. Ce livre renferme, entre autres poèmes, (1 le commen- cement de l’histoire de Genèvre, par Melin de Saint- Gelays : et la suite par Jean Antoine de Baïf : Fleur d’Epine par le même de Baïf ». 1073. Euvres en rime de Jan Antoine de Baïf Secrétaire (le la Chambre du Boy. A Paris, pour Lucas Breyer, marchant libraire tenant sa boutique au second pilier de la grand’ salle du Palais. 1573. 2 vol. in-8°, 504 et 356 pp. Au verso du frontispice : IX livres des Poemes.
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