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Plistoricetl R,evie^*r The State Historical Society of Missouri COLUMBIA, MISSOURI COVER DESCRIPTION: Frank B. Nuderscher (1880-1959) painted the 8"x6" watercolor St. Louis Fur Market 1800 for a mural study. The watercolor was included in one of his sketchbooks donated to the State Historical Society's fine arts col­ lection. Nuderscher, born in St. Louis, studied at the St. Louis School of Fine Arts and the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Art. Known for his mural work, the artist also completed a number of important studies of the Missouri Ozarks and St. Louis industries. In the 1930s he directed The Ozark School of Art in Arcadia, Missouri. Items from the Society's fine arts col­ lection are displayed in the Art Gallery and Corridor Gallery. The Society is open 8:00 A.M.-4:30 P.M., Monday-Friday, ex­ cepting legal holidays. MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW Published Quarterly by THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI COLUMBIA, MISSOURI RICHARD S. BROWNLEE EDITOR MARY K. DAINS ASSOCIATE EDITOR JAMES W. GOODRICH ASSOCIATE EDITOR Copyright © 1984 by the State Historical Society of Missouri 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, Missouri 65201 The MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW (ISSN 0026-6582) is owned by the State Historical Society of Missouri and is published quarterly at 201 South Eighth, Columbia, Missouri 65201. Send communications, business and editorial correspondence and change of address to the State Historical Society of Missouri, 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, MO. 65201. Second class postage is paid at Columbia, Missouri. VOLUME LXXVIII Current REVIEWS are sent to all members of The State Historical Society of Missouri during their term of member­ NUMBER 2 ship. The Society assumes no responsibility for statements made by contributors to the magazine. JANUARY, 1984 THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI The State Historical Society of Missouri, heretofore organized under the laws of the State, shall be the trustee of this State—Laws of Missouri, 1899, R. S. of Mo., 1969, chapter 183, as revised 1978. OFFICERS 1983-1986 FRANCIS M. BARNES III, Kirkwood, President MRS. AVIS TUCKER, Warrensburg, First Vice President REVEREND JOHN F. BANNON, St. Louis, Second Vice President SHERIDAN A, LOGAN, St, Joseph, Third Vice President MRS. VIRGINIA YOUNG, Columbia, Fourth Vice President NOBLE E. CUNNINGHAM, Columbia, Fifth Vice President R. KENNETH ELLIOTT, Kansas City, Sixth Vice President ALBERT M, PRICE, Columbia, Treasurer RICHARD S, BROWNLEE, Columbia, Director, Secretary and Librarian TRUSTEES Permanent Trustees, Former Presidents of the Society LEWIS E. ATHERTON, Columbia ELMER ELLIS, Columbia WILLIAM AULL III, Lexington RUSH H, LIMBAUGH, Cape Girardeau WILLIAM R. DENSLOW, Trenton GEORGE A. ROZIER, Jefferson City LEO J, ROZIER, Perryville Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1984 ROBERT S. DALE, Carthage W. WALLACE SMITH, Independence GEORGE MCCUE, St, Louis RONALD L. SOMERVILLE, Chillicothe ROBERT C, SMITH, Columbia JOSEPH WEBBER, St. Louis ROBERT M, WHITE, Mexico Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1985 JAMES W, BROWN, Harrisonville J, J, GRAF, Hermann RICHARD J, CHAMIER, Moberly JOHN K. HULSTON, Springfield ILUS W. DAVIS, Kansas City MRS, MARY BANKS PARRY, Columbia ALFRED O. FUERBRINGER, St. Louis ARVARH E, STRICKLAND, Columbia Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1986 MRS, SAMUEL A. BURK, Kirksville W, ROGERS HEWITT, Shclbyville R, I, COLBORN, Paris DOYLE PATTERSON, Kansas City VICTOR A, GIERKE, Louisiana STUART SYMINGTON, JR., St. Louis MRS, JEAN TYREE HAMILTON, Marshall ROBERT WOLPERS, Poplar Bluff EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE The twenty*nine Trustees, the President and the Secretary of the Society, the Governor, Secretary of State, State Treasurer, President of the University of Missouri and Chancellor of the University of Missouri-Columbia constitute the Executive Committee, FINANCE COMMITTEE Five members of the Executive Committee appointed by the President, who by virtue of his office constitutes the sixth member, compose the Finance Committee. WILLIAM AULL HI, Lexington, Chairman LEWIS E. ATHERTON, Columbia ELMER ELLIS, Columbia FRANCIS M. BARNES III, Kirkwood GEORGE A, ROZIER, Jefferson City* WILLIAM R. DENSLOW, Trenton LEO J, ROZIER, Perryville * Honorary AN IMPORTANT MESSAGE FROM THE DIRECTOR Your State Historical Society, as other state agencies, has fallen upon economically hard times. As a member you can help us reverse this disturbing trend by enlisting others to join our organization. The dues from a larger membership base will help provide us with the funds so desperately needed to accomplish the Society's worthwhile mission and continue its important pro­ grams. Throughout the years membership dues have supplemented the Society's state appropriations which have been received since 1900. Missouri's distressing state revenue picture in the last three years, however, has required a reduction in the Society's appropriations each of those years. So far $81,000 in state funds have been withheld from our budget and ten percent of our full-time staff has been lost. Unfortunately, the immedi­ ate future appears equally bleak. Further reductions in state appropriations are probable. Therefore, membership dues play an even more important role in the continued existence of our widely used research libraries and the services we provide. Membership dues supplement, among other things, book purchases to strengthen the collections in our reference library. Restoration, conservation and insurance of items in our multi- million dollar fine arts collection are made possible by member­ ship dues. Repair and replacement of photocopying and office machines also can take place. These few examples, I think, demonstrate how necessary the membership dues are to the Society's well-being. Without additional memberships we may have to contemplate reductions in services and programs. As you know, an annual membership costs $5.00; for this sum your friends will receive the same benefits that you re­ ceive—four issues of the MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW and the announcement and invitation to the Society's annual meeting. In addition, your friends will be helping the Society to con­ tinue to collect, preserve and make accessible the history of Missouri, its people and western America. I hope that you will join with others in obtaining new members for the State Historical Society. Remember, too, that a membership can be an enjoyable and inexpensive gift for many occasions. Dues are payable to the State Historical Society of Missouri, 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, Missouri 65201. Your participation in this effort is vital to the financial health of the organization. Sincerely, RICHARD S. BROWNLEE iii THE FLOYD C. SHOEMAKER HISTORY AWARD The State Historical Society of Missouri takes pleasure in announcing the eleventh round of competi­ tion for the Floyd C. Shoemaker History Award. This $300.00 annual award was created by the late Mr. Shoemaker, the long-time secretary of the Society, for the advancement of Missouri history in the universities, colleges and high schools throughout the state. The annual award alternates every other year between junior class students in Missouri colleges and universities and senior high school students. The 1984 award of $300.00 will be presented for the best article written by a fully enrolled junior classman in a Missouri college or university. The award will be presented at the 1984 annual meeting of the Society in Columbia. Articles nominated for the award must relate to the history of Missouri, either to events or person­ alities. The maximum length of an article is 5,000 words, and a bibliography must be included. Each college or university must select a panel of judges to nominate its best article. Only one article may be submitted from each college or university. Articles may be submitted from each branch of the University of Missouri. Each article will be judged against other nomi­ nations by the Department or History of the Univer­ sity of Missouri-Columbia. Articles submitted for this award will become the property of the State His­ torical Society of Missouri. The prize-winning article will be considered for publication in the MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW. The final date for submission of articles is July 1, 1984. They must be sent to the State Historical So­ ciety of Missouri, Room 2, Elmer Ellis Library, 1020 Lowry Street, Columbia, Missouri 65201. EDITORIAL POLICY The MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW is always inter­ ested in articles and documents relating to the history of Missouri. Articles pertaining to surrounding states and other sections are considered for publication when they involve events or personalities having a significant bearing on the history of Missouri or the West. Any aspect of Mis­ souri history is considered suitable for publication in the REVIEW. Genealogical studies are not accepted because of limited general reader interest. In submitting articles for the REVIEW, the authors should examine back issues for the proper form in foot­ noting. Originality of subject, general interest of the article, sources used in research, interpretation and the style in which it is written, are criteria for acceptance for publica­ tion. The original and a carbon copy of the article should be submitted. It is suggested that the author retain a car­ bon of the article. The copy should be double-spaced and footnotes typed consecutively on separate pages at the end of the article. The maximum length for an article is 7,500 words. All articles accepted for publication in the REVIEW become the property of the State Historical Society and may not be published elsewhere without permission. Only in special circumstances will an article previously pub­ lished in another magazine or journal, be accepted for the REVIEW. Because of the backlog of accepted articles, publica­ tion may be delayed for a period of time. Articles submitted for the REVIEW should be ad­ dressed to: Dr. Richard S. Brownlee, Editor MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW The State Historical Society of Missouri 1020 Lowry Street Columbia, Missouri 65201 CONTENTS RACE RELATIONS IN ST. LOUIS 1865-1916. By Lawrence O. Christensen 123 PLANKS FOR INDUSTRY. By William F.
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