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International Research Journal of Commerce, Arts and Science Issn 2319 – 9202

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International Research Journal of Commerce, Arts and Science Issn 2319 – 9202 INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF COMMERCE, ARTS AND SCIENCE ISSN 2319 – 9202 An Internationally Indexed Peer Reviewed & Refereed Journal Shri Param Hans Education & Research Foundation Trust WWW.CASIRJ.COM www.SPHERT.org Published by iSaRa Solutions CASIRJ Volume 9 Issue 4 [Year - 2018] ISSN 2319 – 9202 BUDDHISAM IN TELANGANA ON SPECIAL REVIEW Author : Dr. Satyanarayana.M Department of AIHC& Archaeology Osmania University-Hyderabad. Telangana-500007. ‘Enlightened One’ was alive Buddhism came to the region of Telangana. It flourished and spread under the patronage of the Ikshavaku dynasty who was ardent Buddhist followers. Most of the marvelous Buddhist structures were built during this period. Buddhism held sway in this region for many centuries. Many Buddhist sites were discovered across Telangana, which divulged a wealth of artifacts that speak volumes of the ancient Buddhist culture.1 Telangana Tourism developed encompassing all the Buddhist historical and cultural sites in the Telangana.The Telangana Buddhist circuit will include Sagar, Nagarjuna Badam Kriti, Phanigiri, Kondapur and Nelakondapalli ancient Buddhist sites in Telangana. Buddhavanam – Nagarjuna Sagar, Hussain Sagar – Tank Bund, Dhulikatta – Peddapalli, Phanigiri – Suryapet, Nelakondapalli – Khammam, Ananda Buddha Vihara Temple – Secunderabad, Karukonda Hillock – Bhadradri Kothagudem also included this itinerary.2 Telangana has been a vibrant social entity by the time of the Buddha and continued to be so for the next two and a half millennia. Telangana has Buddhism roots Evidence found in pre- Satavahana coins dating back to 1st Century BCE. The Brahmi inscriptions3 preceding Asoka prove that the State was one of the first places where religion made a mark. One may be taken by surprise to learn that more than two millennia ago, Gautama Buddha’s teachings had influenced Telangana. An islet on the river Godavari called Badankurthi surrounded by the present-day Karimnagar, Adilabad and Nizamabad was then at the centre of Buddhism. Even today, the islet is a symbol of pride for the Telangana region. Badankurthi also boasts of being one of the first places where Buddhism had reached, though Gautama Buddha had not visited the place. Buddhism flourished in Telangana state in ancient times, at remote village of Badankurthi on the banks of the Godavari near Khanapur in Nirmal district. Buddha’s Suttanipata, a part of the Tripitakas, mentions clearly that at the place where the Godavari splits into two and meets again creating an eyot (islet in a river) lived a Rishi known as Bavari. There is also historical evidence to prove that this place, mentioned in the Suttanipata, is Badankurthi. It is also mentioned that the islet is between Assaka and Mulaka, which are in present-day Telangana and Maharashtra regions. Till a few years ago, the only way to reach Badankurthi, 1 Sarma, I.K.,in “ Studies in Early Buddhist Monuments and Brahmi Inscriptions of Andhra Desa”, Nagpur, 1988. 2 Annual Report of the Department of Archaeology & Museums, Government of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad for 2012 p30 3 Sarma, I.K.,in “ Studies in Early Buddhist Monuments and Brahmi Inscriptions of Andhra Desa”, Nagpur, 1988 International Research Journal of Commerce Arts and Science http://www.casirj.com Page 24 CASIRJ Volume 9 Issue 4 [Year - 2018] ISSN 2319 – 9202 which is in present-day Adilabad, was by boats plied by local fishermen, but now there are two bridges. Telangana is a home for Buddisam it could emerge as the new address for Buddhism in the country if nearly 25 unexplored Mahastupas, Viharas and Chaityas spread across the State are brought to light. These explored and unexplored sites give a deep understanding about Buddhist activity during ancient times. The excavated sites revealed rich stories from the past which indicated the prevalence of trade relations, lifestyle and excellent craftsmanship. Most of these are found to be in a dark-red ware, black and red ware, red ware, black polished ware, tan ware and pale red ware. The various Buddhist sites include Kotilingala, Munulagutta, Dhulikatta, Pashigam, Tambalapalli, Geesukonda, Kondapur, Panigiri, Tirumalagiri, Nagaram, Chada, Wadhamankota, Gopalayapalli, Yeleswaram, Nelakondapally, Mudigonda, Chaitanyapuri, Karukonda, Tummalagudem, Nagaram, Aravapalli, Mahuru, Kolanupaka, Bekkallu and Nagarjunakonda.4 According to tourism officials, these Buddhist sites have a great potential to be developed into tourist spots. The department is also trying to bring in more of Buddhist tourists, so that the sites get the required attention on the global platform. There are plans to Telangana government to initiate a Buddhist circuit so that the tourists could visit this place at a stretch. ASI, department there are many unexplored Buddhist sites in Telangana, as Buddhism was widely spread till 5th century AD. In Telangana there are mostly Sariraka stupas and Viharas, which are square shaped rooms where the monks used to stay. The Phanigiri and Nelakondapalli sites have Sariraka stupas where Lord Buddha’s ashes were found during the excavations. The other stupas which are likely to be traced are Paribhogika stupas which are built on ashes of Lord Buddha’s disciple’s and Uddesika stupas where Buddha visited during his journey. In the ancient days, Karimnagar, Nizamabad were known Asmaka Desam where Buddhism prevailed, so there are high chances of finding more Buddhist sites in these regions during the future excavations. State Archaeology department annual report says Telangana has always been a place for Buddhists and there have been many traces of Buddhist sites in the State which date back to 1st and 2nd centuries. Until recent times there have been only Mahastupas and Aramas, which are rooms near stupas for monks to reside. In recent times, there have been excavations where sites like Dhulikatta, Phanigiri and Nelakondapalli and a few more have brought to light some Mahastupas, Aramas, Buddhist panels which proved that they were active places visited by monks during ancient times. Telangana is the home of Buddhist religion in southern India and there are several Buddhist megalithic sites which are spread across the State. These sites establish a very old connection with the religion which strengthens the fact of Ganga-Jamuna tehzeeb of the State. Buddhism is influence in the early times had spread to areas such as Nagarjunakonda and 4 Annual Report of the Department of Archaeology & Museums, Government of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad for 2012 International Research Journal of Commerce Arts and Science http://www.casirj.com Page 25 CASIRJ Volume 9 Issue 4 [Year - 2018] ISSN 2319 – 9202 Amaravati in Trilinga Desam from North India before it went beyond the boundaries of Indian sub-continent. When Bavari heard of Buddha’s teachings, he felt that he was too old to go himself and instead sent 16 pupils to Gautama Buddha. His pupils discussed Bavari’s teachings and asked Buddha several questions, which were recorded in the Suttanipata. Of the 16 pupils, only one, Pingiya, returned to Bavari. On Pingiya’s return, Bavari too started following Buddhist teachings. here one discipline returned to Trilinga Desam and share the enlightenment of Buddha's teachings with his master (guru) and the two went on spreading Buddhism for rest of their lives. After Buddha’s Mahaparinirvanam, Asmaka, ruler of the erstwhile Podali kingdom (now Bodhan in Nizamabad dt), converted to Buddhism. Thereafter, Buddhism not only spread to Telugu regions but also to the rest of Southern India. Over hills and forests in the western part of India, Buddhism spread through the country along the Pranahita and reached the Godavari. Through boats in the monsoon and bullock carts in summer, it crossed the river banks and traversed across Dharmapuri, Kotilingala, Dhoolikatta, Phanigiri, Gajulabanda, Tirumagiri, Nelakondapalli and Jaggaiahpeta.5 It then crossed the Krishna river and reached Amaravati, according to historians. In Telangana Buddhisam is rapid spread looks like at Nagarjunakonda As soon as Buddhism set foot in Telangana; it became a part of societal life and attained great importance. It further spread rapidly in the kingdom of the Satavahanas. Along with Kotilingala and Dhoolikatta, various other places in Telangana emerged as Buddhist centres, according to archaeological evidence. Kotilingala, however, remains the cornerstone in Buddhist history right to this age. Kotilingala was the capital of the Satavahanas. Excavations unravelled Srimukha Satavahanas’s currency at Kotilingala. During the excavations carried out between 1979 and 1984, the historic city of Kotilingala came to light. The excavations also revealed remains of wells, sophisticated drainage systems and brick constructions. Roman currency was also found at the site, which shows that Kotilingala was a centre of trade and commerce. Buddhism flourished between the 1st Century and 4th Century BCE in several places in what are now Karimnagar, Suryapet, Nalgonda and Khammam districts. This apart, there are several sites in which is now Andhra Pradesh, at Jaggaiahpet6 in Krishna district, the ancient Amaravati in Guntur district and near Visakhapatnam. Today Buddhists are a microscopic minority in Telangana but in ancient times Buddhism flourished in Telangana. Most people are only aware of the historical Buddhist town of Nagarjuna Konda,7 an island in Nagarjuna Sagar Dam catchment area,the most popular Buddhist site and prominent seat of the Mahayana school of learning at Nagarjunasagar,about 160 kms from Hyderabad. In ancient times this area was known as Sri Parvata. Sri Nagarjuna, the South Indian master of Mahayana Buddhism lived 5 The Buddhist Stupas of Amaravati and Jaggayapeta (London: Trübner, 1887; rpt. New Delhi: Archaeological Survey of India, 1996). 6 Mitra, Debala, ‘Observations on the Buddhist Remains at Jaggayyapeta, The Indian Historical Quarterly, 35 (1956), 273-75. 7 Dutt, N., ‘Notes on the Nagarjunakonda, Indian Historical Quarterly, 7 (1931), 633-653l International Research Journal of Commerce Arts and Science http://www.casirj.com Page 26 CASIRJ Volume 9 Issue 4 [Year - 2018] ISSN 2319 – 9202 here in the 2nd century AD. He was responsible for the Buddhist activity in this area.
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