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DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY KAKATIYA UNIVERSITY, Scheme of Instruction and Examination M.A. History (CBCS) Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) w.e.f. 2017-2018

SEMESTER-I Paper Paper Title Contact Credits Internal External Total Hours 1 Pre-Historic Culture in Deccan 5 5 20 80 100 2 History of (From Earliest Times to 5 5 20 80 100 1000 AD) 3 History and Culture of (From 5 5 20 80 100 Earliest Times to 1323 AD) 4 Ancient Civilizations 5 5 20 80 100 5 History of Modern World (1453-1870 AD) 5 5 20 80 100 6 Seminars 2 50 50 Total 25 27 150 400 550

SEMESTER-II

Paper Paper Title Contact Credits Internal External Total Hours 1 Economic History of (1206- 5 5 20 80 100 1707 AD) 2 (1000-1757 AD) 5 5 20 80 100 3 History and Culture of Telangana (From 5 5 20 80 100 1324 to 1948 AD) 4 Folk and Tribal Cultures of Telangana 5 5 20 80 100 5 History of Modern World (1871-1956 AD) 5 5 20 80 100 6 Seminars 2 50 50 Total 25 27 150 400 550

SEMESTER-III

Paper Paper Title Contact Credits Internal External Total Hours 1 Economic History of Modern India (1757- 5 5 20 80 100 1964 AD) 2 History of Modern India (1757-1950 AD) 5 5 20 80 100 3 History and Culture of Modern Telangana 5 5 20 80 100 (From 1948 to 2014 AD) Elective Papers 4 (A) Principles of Archaeology 5 5 20 80 100 (B) History of Science and Technology in Medieval India (1500-1857 AD) (C) History of Science and Technology in Modern India (1857-1974 AD) 5 (A) History and Culture of the Kakatiyas 5 5 20 80 100 (B) Working Class Movements in Modern India (1800-1947) (C) History of Contemporary India (1947- 2000 AD) 6 Seminars 2 50 50 Total 25 27 150 400 550

SEMESTER-IV

Paper Paper Title Contact Credits Internal External Total Hours 1 Historiography and Historical Method 5 5 20 80 100 2 Tribal and Peasant Movements in Colonial 5 5 20 80 100 India (1800-1950 AD) 3 Movements in Colonial India (1800- 5 5 20 80 100 1950 AD) Elective Papers 4 (A) Art and Architecture of Telangana 5 5 20 80 100 (B) Environmental History of Modern India (C) History of Indian Diaspora 5 (A) Indian Cultural Tourism 5 5 20 80 100 (B) Women Movements in Modern India (1800-1950 AD) (C) History of Modern China and Japan (1840-19500 AD) 6 Seminars 2 50 50 Total 25 27 150 400 550

Restructuring of Syllabus according to Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) & Scheme of Instruction and Examination for M.A. HISTORY (Regular) w.e.f. 2017-2018

DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY KAKATIYA UNIVERSITY WARANGAL, TELANGANA

1

M.A. (HISTORY) - SEMESTER – I CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM (CBCS) PAPER-I - PRE-HISTORIC CULTURE IN DECCAN

Unit-I: Survey of Pre-historical Studies in India - The Deccan - Its Ecological Setting - Meaning and Scope of the terms Paleolithic - Neolithic - Chalcolithic and Megalithic.

Unit-II: Economy and Technology of the Paleolithic and Mesolithic Cultures of Deccan - Settlement Patterns of Lower – Middle and Upper Paleolithic Cultures of Deccan - Chronology and Settlement Patterns of Mesolithic Culture.

Unit-III: Economy and Technology of the Neolithic Deccan - Typology of the Neolithic Industries - Settlement Patterns of the Neolithic - Neolithic Cultures of Brahmagiri – Sangankallu – Tekkalkota – Utnoor – Maski – Piklihal - Nagarjunakonda and North-Eastern Andhra.

Unit-IV: Relationship between the Neolithic and the Chalcolithic Culture of the Study Region - Chalcolithic Culture of Havasa – Jorve - Daimabad and Inangaon.

Unit-V: The Megalithic of the Deccan - Their Cultural Ecology - Economy and Technology - The Authors of the Megalithic Monuments – Problems of Iron Age in the Deccan

REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Sundara . A: Early Chamber Tombs of , Delhi University Publisher. 2. Deo S.B. and Paddayya, K: Recent Advances in Indian Archaeology, Deccan College, Poona, 1985 3. Dhavalikar H. K: Settlement Archaeology of Inengeon 4. Dhavalikar H. K: Puratattva, 8, 44-54, Challcolithic Cultures o Socio-Economic Perspectives, Puratattva – 13-14: 59-80 5. Allchin, B and F.G: The Rise of Civilization in India and Pakistan, 1983 6. Krishna Sastry, V.V., Proto and Early Historical Cultures of , Government of Andhra Pradesh, , 1983.

2

M.A. (HISTORY) - SEMESTER – I CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM (CBCS) PAPER II- HISTORY OF INDIA (FROM EARLIEST TIMES TO 1000 A.D)

Unit-I: Sources of Ancient Indian History - Archaeological Findings- Inscriptions – Coins - Literary Sources - Travel Accounts - Historical Interpretation of Ancient Indian Culture and Tradition – Orientalist – Colonial / Imperialist – Nationalist and Marxist.

Unit-II: Geography and History: The Physical Features and Their Influence on the Course of Indian History - Pre-history to History – Social Formation – Material Cultures of Pre-Harappan Ages in the Indian Sub-continent - Harappan Civilization - Extent; Town Planning; Social Conditions; Economy and Religion – Decline.

Unit-III: Vedic Period - Original Home of the Aryans; Political, Social, Economic and Religious Life in the Early Vedic Period; Developments in the Later Vedic Period; Jainism and Buddhism - Causes Responsible for the Rise of New Religions - Life and Teachings of Mahavira - Life and Teachings of Gautama Buddha; Greek Invasion: Political Conditions on the Eve of Alexander’s Invasion; Alexander’s Invasion and Its Impact.

Unit-IV: The Mauryan Empire: Conquests of Chandragupta Maurya - Ashoka’s Dhamma - Administration under the Mauryas – Art and Architecture – Decline; Kanishka and his Achievements – Contribution to Buddhism; The Gupta Empire - Achievements of Samudragupta and Chandragupta–II – Social – Economic - Cultural and Scientific Developments under Guptas.

Unit-V: The Age of Vardhanas: Campaigns of Harsha Vardhana – Administration - Literary and Religious Activities of Harsha Vardhana; The Rajputs: Origin of the Rajputs - Polity, Society and Culture under the Rajputs; Advent of Islam and Its Impact on Indian Society – Bhakti Movement- Sufism – Alwars – Nayanars in South India – Their Contributions

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. The Cambrige History of India Vol-I 2. V.A. Smith: Asoka. 3. Altekar A.S.: State & Govt. in Ancient India. 4. Mukerji L.W.: Asoka. 5. Romila Thaper: Asoka. 6. R.C. Mazumdar: Advanced History of India. 7. Romila Thaper: History of India Vol. I & II. 8. B.N.Luniya: Cultural History of Ancient India. 9. A.N.Sastry: Comprehensive History of India.

3

M.A. (HISTORY) - SEMESTER – I CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM (CBCS) PAPER - III - HISTORY AND CULTURE OF TELANGANA (From Earliest Times to 1000 A.D)

Unit-I: Sources – Historical Geography of Deccan – Telangana – Pre- – Paleolithic and Neolithic Age – Topography – Ecology-Environment and Culture.

Unit-II: Ancient Telangana - Satavahanas – Post-Satavahan Dynasties – Ikshvakas and Abhiras – Society – Economy – Religion and Culture – Art and Architecture.

Unit-III: Vakatakas – Vishnukundins – Ranadurjayas – Society – Economy – Religion – Language – Literature – Art and Architecture.

Unit-IV: Origin of Chalukyas – Badami – Rastrakutas – Kalyani Chalukyas and their rule over Telangana – Mudigonda – Vemulawada Chalukyas – Society – Economy – Religion – Language – Literature – Art and Architecture.

Unit-V: Kakatiyas – Origin – Early Kakatiyas and Later Kakatiyas (Ganapathideva to Prataparudra) – Administration – Society – Economy – Agriculture – Irrigation – Trade and Commerce – Literature – Art and Architecture.

SUGGESTED READINGS:

1. B.N. Sastry, Golkonda Charitha-Samskruthi Sasanalu (Telugu). 2. B.N. Sastry, Recharla Padmanayukulu (Telugu). 3. B.N. Sastry, Vemulawada Charitra Sasanamulu (Telugu). 4. Sunki Narayana Reddy, Telangana Charitra (Telugu). 5. G. Yazdani, Early History of Deccan, 2 Vols. 6. K. Gopalachary, Early History of Andhra Country. 7. K. Satyanarayana, A Study of History and Culture of Andhras, Vol. I & II. 8. M. Rao, Andhra Through the Ages. 9. Parabrahma Sastry, The Kakatiyas. 10. Suravaram Pratapareddy, Andrula Sanghika Charitra (Telugu). 11. Terala Satyanarayana Sarma, Rachakonda Charitramu (Telugu).

4

M.A. (HISTORY) - SEMESTER – I CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM (CBCS) PAPER-IV - ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS

Unit-I: Mesopotamian Civilization – the Significance of Fertile Crescent – Physical and Geographical Factor – The Sumerian and Their State Systems – Its Contribution to Material Culture and Urbanisation – Society – Economy – Religion, Language and Literature – Art –Architecture – Scientific Knowledge. Egyptian Civilization – Geographical and Physical Factors –The Age of Pyramids – The Imperial Age –Noted Kings and Their Contribution – Economic System – Agriculture – Irrigation, Trade and Commerce – Religion –Growth of Script – Literature – Art –Architecture – Advances in Scientific Knowledge.

Unit-II: Greek Civilization – Geographical Factors and Historical Background – Characteristic Features of Greek Society – Polity, Slavery – City States – Athenian Democracy – Greco- Persian Wars – Administration – Greek Language – Literature – Architecture – Philosophers – Science and Technology – Significance and Decline.

Unit-III: Roman Civilization – Rise of Roman Power – Great Roman Kings and Their Conquests – Society – Political organization – Administrative Structure Cultural Contribution – Language and Literature – Art and Architecture Monuments – Fall of Roman Empire.

Unit-IV: Chinese Civilization – Geographical and Physical Features – Polity, Administration – Social System – Economy – Religion and Philosophy – Taoism – Confucianism and Buddhism – Science and Technology. Japan Civilization – Geographical and Physical Features – Polity - Administration – Social System – Economy – Religion and Philosophy – Shintoism and Buddhism – Science and Technology.

Unit-V: Persian Civilization – Geographical and Physical Features – Polity - Administration – Social System – Economy – Religion and Philosophy – Science and Technology and Decline Arabic Civilization - Polity - Administration – Social System – Economy – Religion and Philosophy – Science and Technology

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Blackman: History of Human Society, Volumes 9-10 2. Breasted J.H: Ancient Times, A History of the Early World (Ginn, 1916) Vol.2-5,10 3. Rostovzeff .M.I: A History of the Ancient World Vol. 1-11, Oxford 1926. 4. Thomdick .L: History of Civilizations Vol. 4-8. 5. Secheneider .H: The History of World Civilizations from Prehistoric times to the middle ages. 6. Moret .A: The Nile and Egyptians Civilizations, 7. Durant .W: The History of Civilizations & Our Oriental Heritage.

5

M.A. (HISTORY) - SEMESTER – I CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM (CBCS) PAPER – V- HISTORY OF MODERN WORLD (1453-1870 A.D)

Unit-I: The Revival of Classical Age – Brief Survey of Developments in the 15th Century - Spirit of Renaissance – Its Social and Intellectual Roots – Significance – Literature and Cultural Contribution – Scientific Knowledge and Intellectual Thought – Reformation and Counter Reformation Movements in Europe – Its Importance – Geographical Discoveries – Merchantalism and Commercial Revolution – Early Colonial Empires by Spain and Portugal – Incorporation of Latin America, Africa and Asia – Emergence of World Economic Systems.

Unit-II: Rise of Nation States in Europe – England – France Spain – Austria – Russia – Prussia – Autocracy – Enlightened Despotism - Absolutism – Feudalism in Europe and Asia – A Comparative Perspective – Socio- Economic Structures – Administrative Institutions.

Unit-III: Colonialism in the 18th Century America – American War of Independence – Causes - Course and Consequences – French Revolution – Causes - Course and Results - Napoleon – Congress of Vienna Revolutions in Europe 1830-1848 – Their Significance – Transition from Feudalism to Capitalism.

Unit-IV: Industrial Revolution – Its Causes – Inventions – Consequence – Rise of Industrial Capitalism - Labour and Socialist Movements – Colonialism and Imperialism in Asia, Africa.

Unit-V: Unification Movements in Italy and Germany – Various Stages – Consequences – Impact on National Liberation Movements in Asia.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Peter Moss: Modern World History, Hampshire, 1978 2. Mowat(Ed): The New Cambridge Modern History. 3. J.M. Roberts: History of the World, New York, 1976. 4. C.D.M. Ketelbey: A History of Modern Times 5. Hughes: Contemporary Europe, A History. 6. Robinson and Beard: Readings in Modern European History. 7. Anderson: Modern Europe in World Perspective.

6

M.A. (HISTORY) - SEMESTER – II CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM (CBCS) PAPER – I: ECONOMIC HISTORY OF MEDIEVAL INDIA (1206-1707 A.D)

Unit-I: Economy of the Delhi Sultanate - Revenue Administration – Fiscal Policy - Income and Expenditure - Southern States, Their Economy Sources of Income and State Expenditure - Developmental Activities for the Rise in Resources - Economic Life in the Villages - City Economy - Irrigation in Sultanate- Agriculture and Horticulture - Methods of Cultivation and Crops grown-Irrigation in Southern States - Land Reclamation, Development of Agriculture and Horticulture - Agricultural Seasons, Methods of Cultivation and Crops grown.

Unit-II: Industry in Sultanate – Village Manufacture and Cottage Industries, Karkhanas, Textile Manufacture, Metal Industry, Leather Works, Stone Works etc. - Industries in South India - Agro-Based Industries like Textiles and Oils - Artisan Products - Trade and Commerce: Trading Classes - Inland and Coastal Trade, Over-seas Trade - Means of Transport and Communication - Weights Measures and Coins - Prices and Famines.

Unit-III: The Environment, Population, Land under Cultivation - The Land Man Ratio - Its Influence on Agrarian Relations. Characteristics of Peasant Farming – Technology – Irrigation - Differentiation Among Peasants - The Village Community - Self-Sufficiency - Production for Market - The Peasant Society. Genesis and Composition of the . Property Right and Role in Land Revenue Collection - ’s, Retainers - Zamindar and Peasants. Land Revenue: the Nature and Magnitude. Methods of Assessment & Collection. Effects of Land Revenue on Agriculture and Village Economy. The Revenue Collecting Officers (Muquaddams, Chaudharis, Quanungoes, Amins).

Unit-IV: The Revenue – Assignments System: Khalsa & Jagirs. The Mansabdar’s Salary Claims (Talab) and Estimated Revenue (Jama). Organization of Production; Merchants & Workers; Karkhanas, Local Trade: its Organizations, Main Routes and Means of Transport the Banjars and other Merchants.

Unit-V: Foreign Trade: the Composition of Indian Export - The Size of Bullion Imports - Other Economic Effects - The Agrarian Crisis - Factors behind; Increase in Land Revenue Collection, Agricultural Decline. The Agrarian Revolts: Zamindars and Peasants; Consequence of the Uprisings.

REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. A.A. Tchiror, India’s changing Economic Structure 16th to 18th Centures. 2. R. Champakalakshmi, Trade and Ideology and Urbanization. 3. Burtein Stein, Peasant, State, Society in Medieval South Indian. 4. K.N. Chitnis, Socio-economic History of Medieval India. 5. K.N. Choudary, Trade and Civilization in Indian Ocean. 6. Omprakash, European Commercial Enterpries the Pre-colonial India. 7. Sanjay Subramaniam, Political Economy of South India. 8. W.H. Moreland, Agrarian System of Muslim India. 9. Tapan Raychoudari & Irfan Habib, The Cambridge Economic History of India, Vol.I. 10. Irfan Habib, The Agrarian system under Mughals. 11. Yousuf Hussain, Glimpses of Medieval Indian Culture. 12. T.V. Mahalingam, The Social and Economic conditions, 13. Siddiqui, N.H., Land Revenue Administration under the Mughals.

7

M.A. (HISTORY) - SEMESTER - II CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM (CBCS) PAPER –II – HISTORY OF INDIA (1000 –1757 A.D)

Unit-I: The Delhi Sultanate - Sources – A Survey of Political Conditions, 1000-1206 A.D - The Slave Dynasty - Qutb-ud-din Aibak, Iltutmish, Raziya and Balban - The Khilji Dynasty - Alla-ud-din Khilji - Military Conquests - Market Reforms.

Unit-II: The Tughlaq Dynasty - Ghiyas-ud-din Tughlaq, Muhammad-bin Tughlaq, Firoz Shah Tughlaq - Down Fall of the Tughlaq Dynasty - The Sayyid Dynasty - The Lodi Dynasty - Decline of the Delhi Sultanate and the Rise of Provincial Kingdoms – Bengal – Gujarat – Jaipur – Malwa - Rajasthan etc. Administration under the Delhi Sultanate - Socio-Economic and Cultural Conditions - Literature, Art & Architecture under the Delhi Sultanate.

Unit-III: The - Political History – Administration – Society - Economy Literature and Cultural Conditions; The Bahamani Kingdom – Administration - Society and Economy - The Disintegration and the Rise of Regional Kingdoms

Unit-IV: The Mughals - Sources – Babur – Humayun - The Sur Dynasty - Shersha – Administration; Akbar – Jahangir and Nurjahan – Shahjahan – Aurangazeb - Downfall of the Mughal Empire; Policies of the Mughals - Religious, Rajput and Deccan - Administration under the Mughals - Mansabdari System and Dassala System - Socio-Economic and Cultural Conditions - Literature, Art & Architecture under the Mughals.

Unit-V: Bhakti Movement – Sufism – Their Philosophy – Contribution to Indian Culture; The Rise of Maratha – Shivaji – Administration – Peshwas and their Contributions - Decline

REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Cambridge History of India Vol.III &IV 2. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan Vol. VI. 3. R.P. Tripathi : Some aspects of Muslim Administration in India. 4. Tarachand : Influence of Islam on Indian Culture. 5. Qureshi I.H.: The Administration of Sultanate of Delhi. 6. Puri, Chopra & Das: Socio-cultural and economic History of India Vol.II 7. J.N. Sarkar: Mughal Administration. 8. Ibn Hasan : Central Structure of the Mughal Empire. 9. Ashraf: Life and Condition of the People of India. 10. Roychowdary: Cambridge Economic History of India Vol-I. 11. Percy Brown: Indian Architecture. 12. Sherwani H.K.: History of Medieval Deccan Vol. I & II. 13. S.N.Sen: Administrative System of the Marathas.

8

M.A. (HISTORY) - SEMESTER - II CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM (CBCS) PAPER – III- HISTORY AND CULTURE OF TELANGANA (From 1324 to 1948 A.D)

Unit-I: Emergence of new Kingdoms – Tughluqs – Musunuri – Valamas – Bahmanis – Gajapatis – their Contribution to Culture.

Unit-II: Qutb Shahi Kingdom of Golconda – Origin and Political History – Administration – Society – Economy – Agriculture – Irrigation – Trade & Commerce – Language – Literature – Art and Architecture.

Unit-III: Mughal Rule in Golconda – Political Turmoil – Sarvai Papaiah – Balamoori Kondala Rao – Foundation of Asaf Jahi Dynasty – Nizam-ul-Mulk to Mir Mahaboob Ali Khan – Nizam British Relations – Chandulal – 1857 Revolt – Salarjung Reforms.

Unit-IV: Modernization of Hyderabad – The Rule of Mir Osman Ali Khan – Education – Establishment of Osmania University – Industry and Irrigational Developments – Commercialization of Agriculture, Communication and Constitutional Developments – Social, Cultural and Political Awakening in Telangana – Press and Library Movements – Nizam Rastrandhra Jana Sangam – Arya Samaj and Its Activities – Ittehadul Muslim Party – Bhagya Reddy Varma and Dalit Consciousness.

Unit-V: The Role of Andhra Maha Sabha – Hyderabad State Congress – Political Development in Hyderabad State – Vandemataram Movement – The Question of Lapse of Paramountacy and Its Impact on Native States – Hyderabad and Its Attitude – Communist Party and Its Activities – Telangana Peasants Armed Struggle – Adivasis Revolt – Komuramu Bheemu.

SUGGESTED READINGS: 1. B. Ramachandra Reddy & T. Manohar., Telangana in 19th Century (The Select Documents), Edited, Sree Bhagavan Publications, Hyderabad, 2010 2. B.N. Sastry, Bharatadesa Charitra – Sanskruthi – Sansthanamulu (Telugu). 3. B.S. Venkat Rao, Our Struggle for Emancipation, Vol. I & II. 4. Barry Pavier, The Telangana Movement 1944-51. 5. Bharati Ray., Hyderabad and British Paramountacy. 6. C.V. Subba Rao, Social Context of Industrialization of Hyderabad. 7. Gail Omvedt., and Democratic Revolution in India. 8. H.G. Briggs., The Nizam, Vol. I & II. 9. H.K. Sherwani., History of . 10. I. Tirumali, Against Lord and Dora. 11. J.F. Richards, Mughal Rule in Golkonda. 12. Karen Leonard, Hyderabad and Hyderabadies. 13. Lucien B. Benchicov, From Autocracy to Integration Hyderabad 1938-48. 14. M. Narsingh Rao, 50 Sanwathsarala Hyderabad (Telugu). 15. Madapati Hanumanth Rao, Telangana Andhrodyama Charitra (Telugu), Vol. I & II 16. Margrit Pernau, the Passing of Patrimonialism: Politics and Political Culture in Hyderabad 1911-48. 17. N. Ramesan, Hyderabad Freedom Struggle, Vol. I to IV. 18. Richard, M. Eaton, Social History of Deccan (Eight Great Indian Lives). 19. Sarojini Regani, Highlights of the Freedom Movement in Andhra Pradesh. 20. Sarojini Regani., Nizam British Relations. 21. Sheela Raj., Medievalism to Modernism – Socio, Economic and Cultural 1869-1911. 22. Suravaram Pratapareddi., Andhrula Sanghika Charitra (Telugu). 23. V.K. Bawa., Hyderabad under Salarjung-I. 24. V.K. Bawa., The Last Nizam. 25. Veldurthi Manikya Rao, Hyderabad Swathantrodyama Charitra (Telugu).

9

M.A. (HISTORY) - SEMESTER - II CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM (CBCS) PAPER – IV - FOLK AND TRIBAL CULTURES OF TELANGANA

Unit- I: Tribal & Folk Cultures – Distinguishing Features, Antiquity - Sources for the Study of Folk Cultures – Orators - Literature Epigraphic and other Sources - Modern Approaches to the Study of Tribal & Folk Cultures

Unit-II: Folk Cults – Arts – Festivals – Occupation – Crafts and their Role in the Society, Economy and Polity with Special Reference to the Medieval times.

Unit-III: Folklore Techniques of Preservation - Dependent Castes - Folk Legends and Performing Arts - Historicity and Authenticity of the Oratures – an Assessment.

Unit- IV: Various Tribes in Telangana – Their habitations – Gonds – Kolams – Chenchus – Koyas – Yanadhis – Lambadas etc.

Unit-V: Tribal Cultures - Arts and Crafts – Agriculture - Medical Practices etc., Legendary Accounts - their Historicity and Authenticity – Changing Trends in Modern Times

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. A.K. Das: Tribal art and craft, New Delhi. 1979 2. B. T. Battacharya: Saivism and the Phallic world, 2 vols 3. B.C. Sulha: Serpent worship in ancient India, New Delhi 1979 4. B.C. Sulha: Tree worship in Ancient India, New Delhi 1979 5. D.D. Shulmat: Tamil Temple Myths, Priceton, 1980 6. Rama , B., Telugu Janapadageya Sahityamu, Hyderabad, 1978. 7. Sadanandam, P., Art and Culture of Marginalized Nomadic Tribes in Andhra Pradesh, Gyan Publishers, New Delhi.

10

M.A. (HISTORY) - SEMESTER - II CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM (CBCS) PAPER-V –HISTORY OF MODERN WORLD (1871-1956 A.D)

Unit-I: New Imperialism 1871-1914 - Main features - Partition of Africa – Causes - Colonization and Impact - Congress of Berlin – Circumstances - Provisions and Significance of the Congress of Berlin 1878 - Diplomatic Developments in Europe - Circumstances Leading to the Formation of Triple Alliance of 1882 and Triple Entente.

Unit-II: Rise of Imperialism and rivalry among the Colonial Powers – Imperialist - Hegemony over Africa and Asia - Political Conditions on the Eve of First-World War - Eastern Question - First World War - League of Nations

Unit-III: Russian Revolution - Lenin and Stalin - Post War Diplomacy - World Economic Depression and Its Impact Roosevelt’s New Deal. Rise of Nazism – Hitler - Fascism – Mussolini – their Policies – Militarism in Japan - Shifting Balance of Power.

Unit-IV: Nationalism and Communism in China - Causes for the Nationalist Revolution of 1911 and its Results - Circumstances Leading to the Revolution of 1949 and Its Results; Modernization in Japan - Meji Restoration – Militerism in Japan.

Unit-V: Second World War - Causes and Consequences - National Liberation Movements in Asia, Africa, India, China and - UNO and Its Achievements – Rise of Super Powers - USA & USSR and Emergence of Military Blocks NATO - Warsaw Pact - Cold War Politics - Berlin Congo and Korean Crisis; Emergence of Non-Alignment and Its Relevance.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Anderson: Modern Europe in World Perspective. 2. Bipin Chandra: Colonialism & Modernization. 3. Bipin Chandra: Comintern and National and Colonial Question 4. C.D.M. Ketelbey: A History of Modern Times. 5. G. Bhadru Naik (Ed)., History of Modern Europe, A.D.1789 – 1960, Edited, School Distance Learning Continuing Education, Kakatiya University, Warangal 6. Hughes: Contemporary Europe, A History. 7. J.A.R. Marriot: History of Modern Europe 1950-1993. 8. J.M. Roberts: History of the World, New York, 1976. 9. Mowat (Ed): The New Cambridge Modern History. 10. Peter Moss: Modern World History, Hampshire, 1978. 11. Robinson and Beard: Readings in Modern European History.

11

M.A. (HISTORY) - SEMESTER - III CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM (CBCS) PAPER – I: ECONOMIC HISTORY OF MODERN INDIA (1757-1964 A.D)

Unit-I: Indian Economy prior to the British Rule - Village Community - Traditional Agricultural Systems - Subsistence Agriculture - Podu Cultivation - Village Economic Life - Artisans and their Professions - Rural Handicrafts - Urban Handicrafts - Guild System – Trade - Barter System - Village Markets - Transport Systems – Self Sufficient Village Economic Life - British Government's Control Over the East India Company – Regulating Act 1773 - Pitts India Act 1784 - Act of 1813 - Act of 1833 - Act of 1858 - Impact of Company's Policies on Trade and Industry in Bengal and South India. Unit-II: The Evolution of Agrarian Structure under the Company - The Permanent Settlement - Its Impact on Economy and Society - Ryotwari and Mahalwari Systems of Revenue - Introduction of Free Trade and Impact on Handicrafts during Early 19th Century. Introduction of Railways and Communications and their impact on Indian Economy. Unit-III: British Policies- Impact on Agriculture, Factors for the Growth of Commercialization., Effects on Economy, Indebtedness and Land Lordism - Technical Changes in Agriculture - Growth of Agriculture during 1860-1947 - Growth and Export of Commercial Crops - – Famines - Causes and Impact – Famine Relief Measures during Company's Rules - Famine Relief Policies 1860-1919 - Famine Commissions of 1880, 1898-1901 and 1944. Unit-IV: Growth of Foreign Trade in 19th C. and Its Impact on Economy. The Drain of Wealth. Changes in the Composition of India’s Exports and Imports - Appearance of the Class of Middle Men - Indian Markets Vis-à-vis World Market - Factory System of Production - Impact on Society and Breakdown of Joint Family System. Unit-V: Rise of Modern Industry, Iron & Steel – Textile – Chemical etc., - Mining and Plantations, Colonial Tariff Policy, Indian Economy during the First World War-Changes in Tariff Policy after the First World War - Growth of Indian Industry 1918-1947. Growth of Indian Banking and Usury - Rise of Indian Capitalist Class - Factory Labour & Factory Legislations - Mixed Economy – Planning – Economic - Industrial Development under Nehru.

REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. A.K. Bagchi, Private investment in India 1900-1039. 2. A.R. Desai, Social Background of Indian Nationalism. 3. Bhanumathi Ranga Rao. S. Land Revenue Administrtion with Nizam’s Dominions. 4. Bipan Chandra, Essays on Colonialism. 5. Bipan Chandra, Modern India. 6. Bipan Chandra, Rise and growth of Economic Nationalism. 7. Bipan Chnadra, Colonialism and nationalism in India. 8. Dharmakumar (Ed) The Cambridge Economic History of Modern India Vol.II. 9. Gadgil, D.R. Evolution of Industrial Relations in recent times. 10. Rothermund, D. Asian Trade and European Expansion in the Age of Merchantalism. 11. S.K. Sen, Studies in Industrial Policy and Development of India. 12. Satyanarayana, A. Andhra Peasants under British Rule. 13. T. Ray Chandri, The Indian Economy in the 19th Century India. 14. Thallapally Manohar., Economic History of India (1757-1952), Edited, School Distance Learning Continuing Education, Kakatiya University, Warangal 15. Tomlinson, B.R., The Economy of Modern India (1870-1970) 16. V. Ramakrishna Reddy, Economic History f Hyderabad State, Warangal Subha. 17. V.B. Singh, Economic History of India. 18. Vaikuntham, Y. State, Economy and Social Transformation, Hyderabad.

12

M.A. (HISTORY) - SEMESTER - III CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM (CBCS) PAPER: II: HISTORY OF MODERN INDIA (1757-1950 A.D)

Unit-I: European Traders in India in the 17th and 18th Centuries - Portuguese, Dutch, French and the British - The Establishment and Expansion of British Dominion in India - British Relations with and Subjugation of the Principal Indian Powers – Bengal, Oudh, Hyderabad, Mysore, Marathas and the Sikhs. Unit-II: Evolution of Central and Provincial Structure under the East India Company, 1773 – 1853 - Paramountacy, Civil Service, Judiciary, Police and the Army under the Company and Crown - Local Self-Government - Constitutional Changes, 1909 – 1935 - Contact with Christianity -the Missionaries - Critique of Indian Social and Economic Practices and Religious Beliefs; Educational and Other Activities - The New Education - Government Policy; Levels and Contents; English Language; Modern Science; Indian Initiatives in Education - Raja Rammohan Roy; Socio-Religious Reforms; Emergence of Middle Class; Caste Associations and Caste Mobility. Unit-III: Women’s Question - Nationalist Discourse; Women’s Organizations; British Legislation Concerning Women; Constitutional Position - The Printing Press - Journalistic Activity and the Public Opinion - Modernisation of Indian Languages and Literary Forms-Reorientation in Painting, Music and Performing Arts. Unit-IV: Rise of Indian Nationalism, Social and Economic Bases of Nationalism - Revolts of 1857 and Different Social Classes; Tribal and Peasant Movements - Ideologies and Programmes of the Indian National Congress, 1885-1920; Trends in Swadeshi Movement; Ideologies and Programmes of Indian Revolutionaries in India and Abroad - Gandhian Mass Movements - Ideology and Programme of the Justice Party - Left Wing Politics - Movement of the Depressed Classes. Unit-V: Communal Politics and Genesis of Pakistan; Towards Independence and Partition - Rehabilitation after Partition; Integration of the Indian States; the Kashmir Question - The Making of the Indian Constitution.

REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Anil Seal, Emergence of Indian Nationalism 2. Bipan Chandra, India Struggle for Independence 3. Bipan Chandra, Nationalism and Colonialism in Modern India 4. Bipan Chandra, Essays on Modern India. 5. Bipan Cnandra, Rise and Growth of Economic Nationalism 6. Chirol V., India unrest. 7. Desai, A.R. Social background of Indian Nationalism 8. Desai, A.R., Peasant Movement in India 9. Dutt., R.P. India Today 10. Dutt. R.C. Economic History of India Vol.I & II. 11. Eric Stokes, The Peasant and the Raj. 12. Gopal, S. Jawahar lal Nehru and Biography. 13. Hiemsath Charles, Indian Nationalism and Hindu Social Reform. 14. Majumdar, R.C. Freedom Struggle in India., III Volumes. 15. Narayan. V.A. Social Reform in Modern India. 16. Patha Chatterji, The Nation and its Fragments. 17. Panikkar, K.N. Culture and Ideology in Colonial India. 18. Ranjit Guha, Elementary Aspects of Peasant Insurgency in Colonial India. 19. Sumit Sarkar, Modern India. 20. Sumit Sarkar, Writing Social History 21. Tarachand, History of Freedom Movement in India, IV Volumes.

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M.A. (HISTORY) - SEMESTER - III CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM (CBCS) PAPER-III: HISTORY AND CULTURE OF MODERN TELANGANA (From 1948 to 2014 AD)

Unit-I: Integration of Hyderabad State in Indian Union – Razakars and their Activities – Kasim Razvi, Police Action – J. N. Choudry - Union Military rule in Hyderabad State – General Election in Hyderabad-1952

Unit-II: Formation of Popular Ministry under Burgula Rama Krishna Rao - Assertion of Mulki Identity and the City College Incident (1952)

Unit-III: Merger of Telangana Fazul Ali Commission, State Reorganization Commission - Gentlemen’s Agreement - Formation of Andhra State and Formation of Andhra Pradesh, (1956)

Unit-IV: Discrimination, Dissent and Protest - Violation of Gentlemen’s Agreement - Agitation for Separate Telangana State: Formation of TPS – Role of Intellectuals, Students and Employees in 1969 Movement

Unit-V: Second Phase Movement for Separate Telangana – Formation of Various Associations – Telangana Aikya Vedika – Telangana Jana Sabha – Telangana Rashtra Samiti (2001) – Mass Mobilization – Sakala Janula Samme – Millennium March – Sagara Haram, Chalo Assembly – December 2009 Declaration and the Formation of Telangana State, June 2014.

Recommended Books:

1. Goutham Pingle, The Fall and Rise of Telangana, Hyderabad, 2014. 2. H. Rajendra Prasad, Asaf Jahis, Hyderabad, 2006. 3. I. Thirumali, Against Dora and Lord, New Delhi, 2008. 4. I. Thirumali, Telangana – Andhra, Delhi, 2010. 5. Kingshuk Nag, Battle Ground Telangana, Hyderabad, 2010. 6. Lalitha & Susie Tharu, We were Making History, Kali for Women, New Delhi. 7. Sarojini Regani, Highlights of Freedom Struggle in Andhra Pradesh. 8. Sarojini Regani, Nizam-British Relations. 9. Y. Gopal Reddy, A Comprehensive History of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad, 2008. 10. Madapati Hanumanth Rao, Telangana Andhrodyama Charitra (Telugu), Vol. I & II 11. N. Ramesan, Hyderabad Freedom Struggle, Vol. I to IV. 12. Bhangya Bhukya, The Subjugated Nomads, Hyderabad, 2010.

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M.A. (HISTORY) - SEMESTER - III CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM (CBCS) PAPER-IV (A): PRINCIPLES OF ARCHAEOLOGY

Unit-I: Nature and History of Archaeology - Definition and scope of Archaeology- Exploration and Survey –Relationship of Archaeology with History, Anthropology and the pure Sciences.

Unit-II: Excavation - Purposes and Methods – Underwater Archaeology with Special Reference to Developments in India – Dating Methods: Strategraphy, Radio- Carbon Method, Methods of Relative Dating, Typological Sequences, Absolute Dating, Thermo-luminescence.

Unit-III: Approves for Documentation and Reconstruction of Past Life Ways: and Social and Economic Organisation - Settlement Patterning at the Micro Level: site Catchment Analysis; Site Formation Processes - Ethno Archaeology: Methods Inter Pretative Technique – Technology of Pre-Historic Art.

Unit-IV: Conservation and Preservation of Archaeological Remains; Principles of Conservation of Cultural Property – Chemical Treatment of Organic and Inorganic Objects – Museums and Storage and Display of Antiquities – Conservation of Monuments and Other Objects.

Unit-V: Important Excavated Sites; Taxila, Hastinapura, Pataliputra, Arikamedu Nagarnjuna Konda, Amaravathi and . - Archeology and the Public; Threats to Archaeological Sites; Damage by Development Projects, Damage Due to Ignorance, Negligence, Greed for Land and Wanton Destruction – Legislative Basis of Conservation and Protection of Heritage – Archeology and Public Awareness.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Daniel Stills: Ethno Archaeology, Man, 1978. 2. Dhavalikar: Ethno Archaeology in India. 3. Frank Hole & Robert: Introduction to Pre-historic Archaeology. 4. G.E. Daniel: The Origins and growth of Archaeology. 5. G.V. Childe: Piecing Together the Past. 6. Grahame Clark: Archaeology and Society. 7. Phillips & Phillips: Method and Theory in American Archaeology. 8. R.E.M. Wheeler: Archaeology from the Earth.

15

M.A. (HISTORY) - SEMESTER - III CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM (CBCS) PAPER – IV (B): HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN MEDIEVAL INDIA (1500-1857 A.D)

Unit-I: Agricultural Technology - Tools and Techniques of Cultivation - Methods of Irrigation - Manures - Traditional Crops - New Crops.

Unit-II: Textiles - Textile Technology - Types of Cloth Produced - Textile Printing Patterns - Traditional and Kalankari Printing Techniques.

Unit-III: Extractive Industries - Mining – Salt - Saltpeter - Diamond - Stone Quarries - Raw Material from - Leather Industry & Technology – Transport Technology - Beasts of Burden - Ship Building.

Unit-IV: Civil Engineering - Building Technology - Forts – Palaces – Religious Buildings - Roads – Irrigational Tanks – Canals.

Unit-V: Military Technology - Traditional Weapons - Gun Powder - Fire Arms - Hand Guns - Matchlocks - Sheel Locks – Pistols – Cannons etc..

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. George Watt: The Dictionary of Economic products of India (Relevant entries in separate Volumes) 2. Hans E. Wulff: The Traditional crafts of Persia. 3. J. Needham: Science and civilization in China (relevant Volumes) 4. Lynn White: Medieval technology and Social Change. 5. Maulvi Zafarur: Farhang Istalahat-I Poshahwaran (8 Vols. Rahman). 6. Quasar, Indian response to European Technology, New Delhi. 7. Rehman. A: History of Medieval Technology , Building Technology in Moghal India. 8. Vijaya Ramaswamy: Textitle-Industry in South India.

16

M.A. (HISTORY) - SEMESTER - III CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM (CBCS) PAPER - IV (C): HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN MODERN INDIA (1857-1947 A.D)

Unit-I: Defining Science and Technology, Relation between Science and Society – Theory of ‘Asiatic Mode of Production’ and its Influence on the Characterization of Pre-colonial Indian Society - 19th Century European Intellectual Perception of British Transformation of Indian Society - Views of Karl Marx on Effects of British Rule in India, and Three Stages of Colonialism in India and its Relation to the Stages of Modernization of Indian Society.

Unit-II: Debates on the Character of Scientific and Technological Modernization of Colonial India - Perspectives of Colonial Rulers – Nationalists - Agro Industries.

Unit-III: Modernisation of Agriculture under the British Rule - Experimental Farming – Introduction of New Implements Seeds and Cropping Pattern - ‘Big Dam’ Technology and its Impact on Agrarian Economy, and Agro Industries.

Unit-IV: History of Growth of Scientific and Technical Education and the Formation of Scientific Community - Growth of Scientific Research Institutions - Transport and Communications (Waterways, Roadways, Railways, Posts and Telegraphs, Printing), and Growth of Steel, Mining, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industries.

Unit-V: History of Colonial Medicine - Modernization of Traditional Medical Systems - Growth of Hospitals and Professionalization of Treatment, and Colonial State and the Establishment of Rural Medical System.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Deepak Kumar & Roy Macleod (ed): Technology and the Raj: Western Technology Technological Transformation to India, 1700-1947, Sage Publications, New Delhi, 1995. 2. Deepak Kumar (ed ) Science and Empire : Essays in Indian Context, Anamika Prakashan, Delhi, 1991. 3. Deepak Kumar: Science and the Raj 1857-1905. Published by Oxford University Press, Year of Pub: 1995 New Delhi. 4. Dharmapal: Indian Science and Technology in 18th Century, Impex India, New Delhi, 1971. 5. G.S. Aurora: Scientific Communities in India, Amrita Prakasan, Bombay, 1989. 6. Irfan Habib, “Technology and the Barriers to Social Change in Mughal India”. Indian Historical Reviw, 1- 2, 1979.

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M.A. (HISTORY) - SEMESTER - III CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM (CBCS) PAPER - V (A): HISTORY AND CULTURE OF THE KAKATIYAS

Unit-I: Sources for the study of Kakatiyas: Archaeological- Inscriptions – Coins – Monuments – Literary Works – Native Accounts and Foreign Accounts.

Unit-II: Political History: Early History – Beta-I – Prola-I – Beta-II – Prola-II – Ganapathideva – Rudramadevi – Prataparudra and their Achievements – Administration – Decline of the Kakatiyas.

Unit-III: Economy: Agriculture – Growth of Agriculture – Irrigation Facilities – Crafts – Mining – Industries – Trade and Commerce – Merchant Communities – Trade Centres – Trade Routes – Transport and Communications – Composition of Exports and Imports – Coinage – Weights and Measures.

Unit-IV: Society: Structure of Society – Position of Women – Customs and Traditions – Games and Amusements – Fairs and Festivals – Social Amity

Unit-V: Cultural Conditions: Religions – Jainism – Saivism – Vaishnavism – Popular Religious Ideas and Cults - Temples and Mathas – Education and Learning Educational Institutions – Development of Literature – Art and Architecture - Important Monuments and Folk Arts.

*Student should undertake a field study of the Kakatiya Monuments in the region part of the Curriculum

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. B.S.L. Hanumantha Rao: History of Andhradesa (Ancient & Medieval) 2. C. V. Ramachandra Rao, Administration and Society in Medieval Andhra (AD. 1038-1538), Manasa Publications, 1976. 3. Ch. Prasada Rao, Kakatiya Silpam, (Telugu), Hyderabad, 1989. 4. Durga Prasad, History of the Andhras up to 1565 A. D., 1988. 5. Gopalakrishna Murthy, S., The Sculpture of the Kakatiyas, Archaeological Series, No.34, Government of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad, 1964. 6. GopalReddy, Y., Ghanpur Group of Temples, Archaeological Series, No.60, Government of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad, 1985. 7. Hari Kumar, Orugallu Charitha 8. Kanakadurga, P.S., Kakatiyulanati Samajika Jeevanam, R.V. Printers, Vijayawada, 1992. 9. M. Somasekhara Sarma,; A Forgotten Chapter of Andhra History, Andhra University, Waltair, 1945 10. M. Somasekhara Sarma,; Andhradesa Caritra Sangraham (Telugu), Secunderabad, 1967. 11. Malaya Sri., Kakatiya Kalamnati Sangika Givitam, Hyderabad, 1990. 12. MRK Sharma, The , Hyderabad, 1972. 13. P. Hymavathi, Kakatiya Vaibhava Thoranalu (Telugu) 14. Ramana Charyulu Dupati., Kakatiya Charitra, Visheshamshamulu, Kakatiya Sanchika, Maremanda Rama Rao (ed) Archelogical branch, Hyderabad, A.P. 1991. 15. Robert Sewell, A Sketch of the Dynasties of Southern India 16. Satyanarayana, K., Andhrula Samskruthi Charithra, Vol. I & II, Hyderabad Book Trust, Hyderabad 1986 and 1988. 17. Shiva Kumar, H., Kakatiya Vaibhavam, Warangal, 2000. 18. Srinivasa Char, P., Ramappa and Other Temples at Plalampet, Goveranment of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad. 19. Suravaram Pratapa Reddy, Andhrula Sanghika Charitra, (in Telugu), Hyderabad, 1950. 20. Suravaram Pratapa Reddy, Kakatiya Caritra, (Telugu), Hyderabad, 1977. 21. P.V. Prabramha Sastry: The Kakatiyas, Government of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad, 1978.

18

M.A. (HISTORY) - SEMESTER - III CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM (CBCS) PAPER - V (B): WORKING CLASS MOVEMENTS IN MODERN INDIA (1800-1947 A.D)

Unit-I: Definition, Scope, Approach to the Study of Working Class - Review of Literature – Disintegration of Traditional Indian Economy – Development of Capitalist Economy in India - Emergence of Working Class.

Unit-II: Advance of Industrialization and Conditions of Working Class – Social Identification of Labour – Linkages - Caste, Ethnicity, Gender, Community and Region – Forms of Labour (Agricultural, Rural and Plantation Labour, Migrant Labour, Bonded Labour, Women Labour, Child Labour, Factory Labour and Artisan Labour).

Unit-III: Pattern of Labour Protest - Informal Modes of Protest, Strikes and Industrial Action, Movement of Agricultural Labour – Preparatory Phase for Organized Trade Union Movement 1900-1914 – First World War - Political Awakening of Working Class - Development of Organized Trade Union Movement 1914-1920 - Foundation of the All India Trade Union Congress 1921 - Second Session of the All India Trade Union Congress 1921 – First Appearance of Marxian Thought in India and Consolidation of the World Proletarian.

Unit-IV: Economics Recession - Defensive Struggle of the Working Class 1922-1926 - Sharpening and Extension of Struggle 1926-1929 – Organizational Spirit and Imperialist Onslaught 1929-1931 – Struggles during World Economic Crisis 1931-1936 – Leadership and Political Mobilisation of Working Class (N.M. Joshi, S.A. Dange et al.

Unit-V: Sharp Struggle during Provincial Autonomy and on the eve of War 1937-1939 - Eventful Course of Working Class Struggles during World War II 1939 –1945 - Last Phase of National Struggle and the Indian Working Class 1945-1947.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Jan Breman: Footloose Labour, OUP, 1995. 2. Patronage and Exploitation, OUP,1970. 3. Report of First National Commission on Labour (1967). 4. Report of Second National Commission on Labour (2002). 5. V.B. Karnik: Trade Union Movement in India. 6. Sukomal Sen: Working Class Movement in India.

19

M.A. (HISTORY) - SEMESTER - III CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM (CBCS) PAPER – V (C): HISTORY OF CONTEMPORARY INDIA (1947-2000 A.D)

Unit-I: The Emergence of Indian Republic - Colonial Legacy - National Movement and Its Legacy - Evolution of the Constitution and Its Basic Features and Institutions - Making of Indian Nation and Nehruvian and Agenda - Consolidation of Indian Nationalism - Creation of National Culture – Language - Integration of Tribals - National Education - National Economy - (Five Years Plans) and Dams – Nehru’s Foreign Policy.

Unit-II: Democracy - Secularism and Nation State - Polity - Decentralization and Gross Root Politics - Emergence Growth of Regional Politics – Punjab - Assam and A.P Ethnicity Question - Jharkand - North-East Movements -Leftist Parties and Politics - Worker and Peasant Mobilisation.

Unit-III: Land Question and Indian Peasantry - Land Reforms - Zamindari Abolition - Bhoodan Movement - Co-operative Movement - Green Revolution and Agrarian Transformation - Indira Gandhi - Emergency Era and J.P. Movement and Mrs. Gandhi’s Populist Policies.

Unit-IV: Caste and Communalism in Indian Politics - Rise and Consolidation of Right Wing Formation - Hindu-Muslim Communalism and Riots - Anti Caste Politics and Struggles - D.M.K and Socialist Party - Dalit Panthers and BSP.

Unit-V: India’s Relations with Neigboruing Countries – Pak – China – Bangladesh – Nepal – Bhutan - Srilanka – West-Asia – Europe – USA – USSSR – India’s Role in Non-alignment - SAARC – BRICS – ASIAN Movements

REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. S. Gopal, Jawaharlal Nehru. 2. Norman Palmer, Indian Political System 3. Charles Betheim, India Independent 4. VKRV Rao, The Nehru Legacy 5. Bipin Chandra, Essays in Contemporary India 6. Bipin Chandra,Mridula Mukherjee and Adhitya Mukherjee., India since Independence, Gopsons Printers ltd, Noida, 2007 7. Partha Chatterjee, Wages of Freedom 8. Partha Chatterjee, The Nation and its Fragment 9. Francis Frankel, Dominance and State power in India 10. K.P. Mishra ed, Non-Alignment in Contemporary International relations. 11. Jafferlot, The Hindu Nationalist Movement in India. 12. William Keylor, The 20th Century World. 13. V.P. Menon, Transfer of Power 14. Romila Thapar, India: Another Millennium.

20

M.A. (HISTORY) - SEMESTER - IV CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM (CBCS) PAPER – I: HISTORIOGRAPHY AND HISTORICAL METHOD

Unit-I: Definitions - Nature and Scope of History - - History and its Relations with other Social Sciences – Geography - Archaeology – Anthropology – Economics – Political Science – Sociology – Literature.

Unit-II: Greco-Roman Historiography - Herodotus & Thucidides - Livy & Tacitus – Christian Historiography - St. Augustine – Arab Historiography - Ibn Khaldun – Modern Historiography - Edward Gibbon – Ranke – Toynbee – Karl Marks.

Unit-III: Purana Ithihasa Tradition in Ancient India – Kalhana - Bhana - Medieval Historiography - Alberuni, Ziauddin Barani, Abul Fazle – Colonial Historiography - James Mill – Nationalist Historiography – Communal, Marxist and Subaltern Historiography.

Unit-IV: History as Art and Science – Philosophy of History - Causation - Subjectivity - Objectivity - Generalization.

Unit-V: Topic of Research – Collection of Sources – Internal and External Criticism – Chapterization – Foot Notes and Bibliography.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. J.W. Thomas: History of Historical Method. 2. G.R. Elater: The Practice of History. 3. Paul Thompson: History of Historical Writing. 4. Arthur Marwick: The Nature of History 5. Sheik Ali: History and Its Theory and Method. 6. R.G. Colling Wood: The Idea of History 7. Waleh, W.H: An Introduction to Philosophy of History 8. N. Sastry & Ramanna: Historical method with special reference to India. 9. Toynbee: A Study of History. 10. E.H. Car: What is History? 11. Majumdar & Srivastava: Historiography. 12. Morc-Block: Varieties of History 13. Gordon V.Childe : What Happened in History

21

M.A. (HISTORY) - SEMESTER - IV CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM (CBCS) PAPER –II: TRIBAL AND PEASANT MOVEMENTS IN COLONIAL INDIA (1800-1950 A.D)

Unit-I: Nature and Scope of Peasant Revolts in India-Regional Variations - British Colonial Policies - Tribal and Peasant Societies - Historiography of Tribal and Peasant Movement.

Unit-II: Tribal Uprising in India in the 19th Century - Bengal – Bihar – Mundas - Santhals - Bhils – Parlakimidi - Rampa - Telangana Area.

Unit-III: A Survey of Peasant Revolts - Indigo – Moplah – Pabna - Deccan Riots - Champaran - Bardoli.

Unit-IV: The Rise and Growth of All India Kisan Sabha - Provincial Peasant organizations – Bengal – Bihar – Punjab – - Andhra etc. - Integration of Peasantry into the Nationalist Movement.

Unit-V: The Left and the Peasantry - Congress Socialist Party and Communist Party of India and Peasant Movements in Telangana

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Ranajit Guha, Peasant Insurgence in India. 2. A.R. Desai, Peasant Struggles in India. 3. D.N. Dhanagare, Peasant Movements in India. 4. Subaltern Studies, Vol. I. 5. V. Raghavaiah, Tribal Revolts in India. 6. Sunil Sen, Agrarian Struggles in Bengal. 7. Y. Vaikuntham, Peasants in Colonial South India. 8. Barry Pavier, Telangana Movement. 9. K.S. Singh, Tribal Movements in India. 10. N.G. Ranga, Fight for Freedom. 11. J. Mangamma, Alluri Seetarama Raju. 12. Haimandorf, Tribal Hyderabad. 13. Kapil Kumar, Peasant in India. 14. Natarajan, Peasant Revolts in India. 15. K. N. Panikkar, Against Lord and State. 16. Satyanarayana, A. Andhra Peasants under British Rule Agrarian Relations and Rural Economy 1800 – 1940. 17. Sarma, B.K., Tribal Revolts. 18. Shashi, S.K., The Tribal Women of India.

22

M.A. (HISTORY) - SEMESTER - IV CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM (CBCS) PAPER-III – DALIT MOVEMENTS IN COLONIAL INDIA (1800–1950 A.D)

Unit-I: The Concept of Dalit, Definition and Meaning - Nationalist, Marxist and Subaltern Approaches on Caste System and Dalit Question – A Critique of Existing Historiographical Approaches.

Unit-II: Caste System: Origin and Development – Colonialism – Growth of Modern Education, Sanskritization and Brahmanization - Democratization of Political, Social and Economic Institutions and Liberation of Dalits - Role of Christian Missionaries and Growth of Dalit Consciousness and Assertions.

Unit-III: Anti-Caste Movements in Colonial India – Adi-Dravida Movement of Tamil Nadu - Adi-Hindu Movement of Hyderabad - Adi- Movement of Mysore -Phule’s Non- Movement - Adi-Dharm Movement of Punjab – Adi-Hindu Movement of UP – Adi-Andhra Movement of Andhra.

Unit-IV: Caste Reform Movements: MG Ranade, Gandhi’s Harijan Movement - Narayana Guru’s Movement (SNDP Movement) - Hindu Mahasabha and Dalits – Periyar’s Self- respect Movement and Caste Question.

Unit-V: Caste Annihilation Movement: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar and His Ideological Struggle against and Caste - Construction of Dalit Identity and Dalit Movements - Bahishkrut Hitakarini Sabha - Formation of All India Depressed Classes - Conference - Round Table Conferences - Communal Award - Poona Pact - Independent Labour Party - Formation of Scheduled Caste Federation, Theory of Dalit Bhahujan Political Power and Dalit Liberation.

REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Robert Deliegue: The Untouchables of India 2. Gail Omvedt: Dalits and Democratic Revolution in India. 3. Gail Omvedt: Cultural Revolt in a Colonial Society. 4. Susan Bayly: Caste, Society and Politics in India. 5. James Massey; Dalits in India. 6. Peter Robb (ed): Dalit Movements and the Meanings of Labour in India. 7. B.Cohn: An Anthropogist Among the Historians 8. Hardgrave: The Nadars of Tamilnadu 9. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, What Gandhi and Congress have done to the Untouchables 10.Nanak Chand Rattu., The Last few years of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar 11. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Writings and Speeches.

23

M.A. (HISTORY) - SEMESTER - IV CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM (CBCS) PAPER – IV (A): ART AND ARCHITECTURE OF TELANGANA

Unit-I: Pre-Satavahana Art - Architecture of the Satavahana Period - Buddhist Structures - Amaravati School of Art - Developments in the Post-Satavahana Period in Temple Art and Architecture.

Unit-II: Contribution of Chalukyas to Art and Architecture in Telangana - Kakatiya Architecture - Main Constructions - Features – Sculpture - Its Significance.

Unit-III: Development of Architecture under the Qutb-Shahis of Golconda – Tombs - Religious and Civil Constructions.

Unit-IV: Asaf Jahi Contribution to the Development of Art and Architecture - Main Structures and their Features - the Art of Painting – Collection in Salarjung Museum

Unit-V: European Constructions, their Features and Significance.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Ferguson J: History of India and Eastern Architecture. 2. Janhari M: South India and Its Architecture, Varaasi, 1961. 3. Kameswara Rao V: Bharatiya Vastusilpalu, Prachina Madhya Yugalu (Telugu Academi) 4. Kameswara Rao V: Lepakshi Devalayalu 5. Pery Brown: Indian Architecture Vol.I Buddhiest and Hindu. 6. Prasada Rao C: Kakatiya Silpam (Tel) 7. Radhakrishna Sarma M: The Temples of Telangana. 8. Sherwani H.K.: History of Medieval India. 9. Sivarama murthy C: South Indian Paintings, Delhi, 1968.

24

M.A. (HISTORY) - SEMESTER - IV CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM (CBCS) PAPER – IV (B): ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY OF MODERN INDIA

Unit-I: Concepts of Ecology and Environmentalism - Theories of Environmentalism - Annal School and Fernand Braudel - Ecological Romanticism Verrier Elwin and others Nationalism and Gandhian Environmentalism. Unit-II: State and Forest - Colonial Forest Acts and Forest Code - Commercialization and Exploitation of Forest Resources - Forest Regeneration - Coppices, New Plantations - Grazing and Bunting Circles, Wild Parks, Community and Village Forestry and Colonial Environmentalism Unit-III: Forest and Community - Pastoral Nomadic and Adivasi Communities and their Cultural and Religious Articulations with Forest and Maintenance of Ecology and Environment - Impact of Forest Policies on Adivasi Economy - Shifting Cultivation - Cattle Grazing, Minor Forest Produces – Ecological / Environmental Imbalances - People’s Response - Anti Grazing Tax Movements etc. Unit-IV: Colonial Developmentalism - Environment I - Commercialization of Agriculture – Hybrid Seed - Fertilization and Extension of Agriculture Land - Soil Erosion and Sinking of Grazing Land and Spread of Cattle Diseases - Major and Minor Dam - Construction and Water - Borne Diseases - Cholera and Plague. Unit-V: Colonial Developmentalism and Environment II - Industrialisation - Agrarian and Raw Material Producing Industries – Urbanisation - Effects of Industrialization and Urbanization on Environment-Water and Air Pollution, Ecological / Environmental Degradation and Drought and Famine. REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Arnold David, Nature Culture Imperialism, New York, 1995. 2. Arnold David, Colonizing the Body, Delhi, Oxford University Pres, 1993. 3. Gadgil, D.R. Industrial Evolution of India, Oxford, New Delhi, 1948. 4. Gadgil, Madhav, This Fissured Land An Ecological History of India, New York, Oxford, 1995. 5. Gandhi, M.K. Hindu Swaraj or Indian Home Rule, 1990. 6. Groove, Ecology, Climate and empire, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 1998. 7. Groove, Richar, H, Green Imperialsim, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 1995. 8. Guha, Ramachandra, The Unquiet Woods, Oxford Univesity Press, New Delhi, 1990. 9. Sumit Guha, Environment and Ethnicity in India 1200-1991, C.U.P., Cambridge, 1999. 10. Catanach, I.J., Plague and the tensions of empire: India, 1896-1918, in D. Arnold (ed.) Imperial Medicine and Indigenous Societies, Manchester, 1988, pp149-71. 11. Crosy, A., Ecologicla Imperialism: The Buiological Expansion of Europe, 900-1900, New York, 1986. 12. Crosy, A., Germs, Seeds and Animals: Studies in ecological History, New York, 1994. 13. V. Damodaran and S. Sangwan (eds), Nature and the Orient: The Environmental History of South and Southeast Asia, Delhi, 1998. 14. Satya, Laxman, D., Colonial Sedeterisation and Subjugation: The Case of the Banjaras of Bear: 1850-1900, Journal of Peasant Studies, 24 (4), July, 1997, pp. 314-36. 15. Scott, J.C., Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance, new Haven, 1985. 16. Sen, Amartya Kumar, Famine Mortality: A Study of the Bengal Famine of 1943, in E. Hobsbawm et.al. (eds.), Peasants in History, Oxford, 1980. 17. Skaria, A., Hybrid Histories: Forest, Frontiers and Wildness in Western India, Delhi, 1999. 18. Whitecombe, E., The Environmental Costs of Irrigation in British India: Waterlogging, Salnity and Malaria, in D. Arnold and R. Guha (eds), Nature, Culture, and Imperialism: Essays on the environmental History of South Asia, Delhi, 1998, pp. 237-59. 19. David, Arnold, Cambridge History of India (Science, Technolgy and Medicine in Colonial India, Cambridge University Press, 1981. 20. Laxman, D. Satyana., Ecology, Colonialism, and Cattle: Central India in the Nineteenth Century, Oxford, 2004.

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M.A. (HISTORY) - SEMESTER - IV CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM (CBCS) PAPER – IV (C): HISTORY OF INDIAN DIASPORA

Unit-I: Migration Introduction: Defining migration - Internal and International – Transient and Seasonal - Nomadism and Settlement - Capital Market Theory - Political Supramacy - Loss and Recovery Typology of Migration and Diaspora: Labour Migrants: Skill Migration and Talent Migration - Refugees and Asylum Seekers - Undocumented Migrants - Human Smuggling and Trafficking - Networks and Ethnic Enclaves - Victim Diaspora and Distress Diaspora Connecting and Reconnecting: Communicative Flows between the Diaspora and Homeland - Economic and Social-Cultural Remittances - Brain–Gain - Role in Socio- economic and Technological Development in Ancestral Homeland Unit-II: Waves and Patterns of Migration: (A) Waves: Historic - Pre Colonial – Colonial - Post Colonial - Age of Globalization - (B) Patterns: Convict Migration - The Indenture Labor System - The Kangani and Maistry Systems - Free Migration - Trading Networks In Southeast Asia - Brain and Skill Drain/ Exchange Unit-III: Overseas Indian Diaspora Communities: Indian Ocean Zone: South and East Africa – Mauritius - - - Pacific Zone: Fiji - New Zealand – - Indonesia - Caribbean Zone: – Trinidad - Surinam - North America - UK & Europe (Especial Reference to Gypsies) - West Asia: Francophone Countries: Guadeloupe – Martinique - Reunion Islands - Second and Subsequent Diaspora. Unit-IV: Transformations in Social Institutions: Family - Marriage & Kinship Networks – Caste System - Cultural Baggage: Tangible and Intangible Forms of Cultural Memories: Values - Traditions – Ideas – Habits – Narratives - Festivals and Celebrations - Folk Forms and Performances. Popular Culture: Forms: Chatni Music – Fusion – Dance – Music – Fashion - Bollywood Films - Media: Newspapers - Literary Magazines - Satellite Television – Internet - Food Culture: Continuity and Change. Unit-V: Nationalist Thinkers and New Theorists: Gandhi – Nehru - Baba Ramchandra - Tota Ram Sanadhya - B D Sanyasi - Paul Gilroy - Arjun Appadurai - Homi Bhabha. Indian State and the Indian Diaspora: Pre-independent Period - Early Decades of Independence - Globalized India. REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Das Gupta, Satish. S., On the Trial of Uncertain Dreams: Indian Immigrant Experiences in America, AMS Press Inc, New York, 1989. 2. Jain, Prakash.C., Racial; Discrimination Against Overseas Indians (A Class Analysis), Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi, 1900. 3. Kanjilal, Tanmay., The Indian- Americans in the United States: Participation in the U.S. Political Process, India Quarterly. Oct- Dec, 1996. 4. Kannan, C.T., Cultural Adaptation of Asian Immigrants: First and Second Generation, India Printing Works, Bombay, 1978. 5. Kurian, George and Srivsatava, Ram.P. (eds.) Overseas Indians: A Study in Adaptation, Vikas Publishing House Pvt Ltd., New Delhi: 6. Rao, Appa. C., Telugu Community in Malaysia, Telugu Vani: Voice of the Telugu people, Souvenir, World Telugu Conference, 1975. 7. Singh, Bahadur.I.J., Indians in South East Asia, Sterling Publishers Pvt Ltd, New Delhi, 1982. 8. Tinker, Hugh., The Banyan Tree: Overseas Emigrants from India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, Oxford: OUP, 1977. 9. Parameswaran, Shyamala., Gender, Ethnicity and Immigrant Status: Asian Women in the United States, Chicago, Illinois: University of Illinois at Chicago, 1995. 10. Pettys, Gregory Lee. , Asian Indians in the United States: An Analysis of Identity Formation and Retention University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign, 1994.

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M.A. (HISTORY) - SEMESTER - IV CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM (CBCS) PAPER –V (A): INDIAN CULTURAL TOURISM

Unit-I: Concept of Tourism-Meaning –Nature-Scope Tourism as an Industry - Relevance of Tourism in Modern Times.

Unit-II: Natural Resources - Physical Features of India – Mountains – Hills – Rivers - Valleys – Forests - Climate – Deserts – Snow - Beaches - Flora and Fauna.

Unit-III: Archaeological and Historical Resources - Archaeological Sites - Pre-historic - Proto-historic Caves - Historical Sites - Ancient, Medieval and Modern Structures - Multi-Purpose Projects.

Unit-IV: Cultural Resources - Important Religions and Religious Centers – Shrines - Pilgrimages Fairs and Festivals - Centers of Yoga and Meditation - Indian Dance Forms - Music - Classical and Folk.

Unit-V: Handicrafts and Modern Centers - Various Types of Handicrafts - Cane Work - Pottery - Terra-cotta – Carpets - Textiles - Kalankari Brass – Silver - Stone Cutting - Sculpture – Costumes – Ornaments - Art of Cookery, Varieties of Food North Indian Dishes and South Indian Dishes - Art Galleries – Museums - Wild Life Sanctuaries – Zoos - Gardens etc.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Mc. Intosh, Robert, W., Tourism, Principles, Practices & Philosophies, (Grid.Inc.Colombus, Ohxor,K) 2. Dr.A.K. Bhatia, Tourism Development its Principles and Practices, 3. Dr. A.B. Bhatia, Tourism in India, Sterling Publishers. 4. Dr. Ram Acharya, Tourism in India. 5. Allchin, F.R. Cultural Tourism in India: its Scope and Development, Department of Tourism, Government of India, New Delhi. 6. Basham, A.L. The Wonder that was India, Rupa & Company, New Delhi, 1967. 7. Burkart and Medlik, S. An outline of Tourism, Heinemann, London, 1976. 8. Chris Copper, Tourism: Principles and Practice, Harlow, Longman, London, 1998. 9. Dharmarajan, S & Seth, Rabindra, Tourism in India: Trends and Issues, New Delhi, 1994. 10. Kaul, Virendra, Tourism and the Economy, Har-Anand Publications, New Delhi, 1994. 11. Leela, Shelly, Tourism Development in India: A Study of the Hospitality Industry, Arihant, Jaipur, 1991. 12. A Satish , Tourism Development in India. 13. Messenger, Rob Allen, The Economics of Tourism, Routledge, London, 1997. 14. Seth, P.N. Successful Tourism-Planning and Management, Cross Sections Publications, New Delhi, 19979. 15. Subrahmaniam, K. S. Buddhism in South India and Early History of Andhra, Kondal Publicatins, Madras. 16. Williams, Stephen, Tourism Geography, Routledge, London, 1998.

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M.A. (HISTORY) - SEMESTER - IV CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM (CBCS) PAPER - V (B): WOMEN MOVEMENTS IN MODERN INDIA (1800-1950 A.D)

Unit-I: Recent Trends in Indian Historiography – Subaltern Studies-Women's Question - Gender Studies - Writings on and about Women - A Survey of Sources - Biographical and Autobiographical Accounts.

Unit-II: Changing Position of Women in Colonial India - Education and Social Reforms - Elite Women – Purdah – Zenana - Working Women-Social - Differentiation Among Women - Religion - Caste.

Unit-III: Women Pioneers of Women Movement in Colonial India - Savitribai Phule - Pandita Ramabai - Tarabai Shinde - Duvvuri Subbamma - Maganti Annapurnamma - Durgabai Deshmuk - Muthu Laxmi Reddy - Sarojini Naidu - Theory and Practice of Women's Liberation.

Unit-IV: Women's Role in the Freedom Struggle - Pre-Gandhian era - Gandhian Movement and Women's Participation - Left Wing and Women's Question - Women in the Revolutionary Struggle of Telangana.

Unit-V: Recent Trends in Women Movements in India – Feminisms - Women Reservations – Property Rights – Women in Legislative Bodies - Women in Higher Education and Women Entrepreneurship –

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1.G.Forbes: Women in Modern India. 2. Manmohan Kaur: Women in India’s Freedom struggle. 3. N.L, Gupta: Women Education Through Ages. 4. J.Krishnamurthy (ed): Women in Colonial India. 5. Neera Desia: Women in Modern India. 6. Shree Sakti sanghatana - We were making History. 7. Judith Brown: Modern India. 8. Bharati Ray (Ed): From the Seams of History: Essays on Indian Women. 9. B.N.Nanda (Ed), Indian Women: from Purdah to Modernity.

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M.A. (HISTORY) - SEMESTER - IV CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM (CBCS) PAPER – V (C): HISTORY OF MODERN CHINA AND JAPAN (1840-1950 A.D)

Unit-I: Political, Social and Economic Background - First Opium War Treaty of Nanking and Bogue - China between 1842-1951 - Taiping Rebellion – Second Opium War, Treaty of Tientsin 1858 - Peking Convention 1860. Unit-II: China between 1861-1894 - Diplomatic Stability - Burlingam Mission - Tientsin Masscare 1870 - Maragary Affair and Cheefoo Convention - First Sino - Japanese War, Treaty of Shimoneseki 1895 - Disarmament of China Open Door Policy - Hundred Days Reforms - Boxer Rebellion. Unit-III: Republican China - China under the 1st President - War Lords - Twenty one Demands - China and 1st World War - Treaty of Versailes - May Fourth Movement - Washington Conference. Unit-IV: Nationalist China - Re-organisation of Komingtang - Origin and Growth of Communist Party – Mao Tsetung - Co-operation and Conflict between Communist and Komingtang (1920-25) - Chiang Kaishek Liberation of China - Fight between Communists Vs Nationalist - Long March - Manchurian Crisis - A Decade of Nationalist Rule. Unit-V: Modernisation of Japan – Meiji Reforms – Japan in Asian Politics Its Imperialism – Fall of Japan in World War II - Sino - Japanese War - China During World War II - Komentang Decling - Causes for the Success of Communists - Chou-Enlai - Mao-Tse Tung - Emergence of Peoples Republic of China - Cultural Revolution.

REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. B.F. Beers, The Far East (Prentice - Hall of India, New Delhi, 1966) 2. C. Yanaga, Japan since Perry (Archon, New York, 1966) 3. D.J. Li. China from 1911. 4. Dharam Singh: History of Modern China and Japan (1840-1950), Sonali Publications, 2005 5. Emanual, C.Y. History of Modern China. 6. F. Schurmann and G. Schell (eds.), The China Reader , Vol. I: Imperial China. Vol. II: 7. G. M. Beckmann, The Modernization of China and Japan (Harper and Row, New York, 1965) 8. G.B. Sanson, The Western World and Japan (Knopf, New York, 1958) 9. H. Borton, Japan s Modern Centur, (Ronald Press, New York, 1955) 10. H. McAleavy, The Modern History of China (Weidenfeld, London, 1967) 11. H.M. Vinacke, A History of the Far East in Modern Times (Allen and Unwin, London, 1959) 12. Heralf M. Vineeke, A History of Far East 13. I.C.Y. Hsu, The Rise of Modern China, (Oxford University Press 1970) 14. J.F. Fairbank, E.O. Reischaur & H.M. Craig, East Asia: The Modern Transformation, (Allen and Unwin, London, 1965) 15. K.S. Latourette, A Short History of the Far East (Macmillan, New York, 1964) 16. L.C. Goodrich, A Short History of the Chinese People (Allen and Unwin, London, 1963) 17. Li. Chium Mung, The Political History of China. 18. Li-Chi-Nung, Political History of Modern China. 19. M.N. Roy, Revolution and Counter Revolution. 20. R. K. Sharma,Tony Quinn, Aaron Betsky, History Of Modern China And Japan (1840-1950), Sonali Publications, 2005. 21. R. Storry, A History of Modern Japan (Penguin, 1962) 22. S.K. Chatterjee, Nationalist China. 23. San Min Chu. I and Sun Yet sen. 24. Schrumann, History of Chinese. 25. W.G. Beasley, The Modern History of Japan (Weidenfeld, London, 1967) 26. Ximay Volumes, History of China to 1911 Part-I and 1911 to 1949. 29