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Indian Archaeology 1994-95 a Review

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Indian Archaeology 1994-95 a Review INDIAN ARCHAEOLOGY 1994-95 — A REVIEW EDITED BY HARI MANJHI C. DORJE ARUNDHATI BANERJI PUBLISHED BY THE DIRECTOR GENERAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA GOVERNMENT OF INDIA JANPATH, NEW DELHI 2000 front cover : Gudnapura, general view of remains of a brick temple-complex back cover : Kanaganahalli, drum-slab depicting empty throne and Buddhdpada flanked by chanri bearers and devotees © 2000 ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA GOVERNMENT OF INDIA Price : Rs. 330.00 PRINTED AT M/S BENGAL OFFSET WORKS, 335, KHAJOOR ROAD, NEW DELHI - 110005 PREFACE In bringing out this annual Review after a brief gap of one month, I warmly acknowledge the contributions of all my colleagues in the Survey as also those in the State Departments, Universities and various other Institutions engaged in archaeological researches for supplying material with illustrations for inclusion in this issue. I am sure, that, with the co-operation of all the heads of respective departments, we will soon be able to further reduce the gap in the printing of the Review. If contributions are received in time in the required format and style, our task of expediting its publication will be much easier. The material incorporated herein covers a wide range of subjects comprising exploration and excavation, epigraphical discoveries, development of museums, radio-carbon dates, architectural survey of secular and religious buildings, structural/chemical conservation etc. During the period under review many new discoveries have been reported throughout the country. Among these the survey of buildings in and around Vrindavan associated with mythological tradition is particularly interesting. I would like to place on record my sincere thanks to my colleagues Shri Hari Manjhi, Shri C. Dorje and Ms. Arundhati Banerji, who are responsible for the compilation, editing and making the material ready for printing, to Shri Hoshiar Singh for preparing the dummy of plates, to Ms. Anju Dhawan and all the staff members of the Publication Section for their assistance at all stages besides Km. Neelam Prasad for computer setting and to Keval Singh for improving the line drawings. Finally, I express my gratitude to Smt. S. Sagar and all the staff members of Bengal Offset Works for their co-operation in bringing out this issue within such a short time. SB. Mathur Director General New Delhi April 7, 2000 CONTENTS PAGE I. Explorations and Excavations... ... ... 1 Andhra Pradesh, 1; Arunachal Pradesh, 3; Bihar, 3; Delhi, 5; Goa, 11; Gujarat, 11; Haryana, 21; Jammu and Kashmir 28; Karnataka, 28; Madhya Pradesh, 45; Maharashtra, 51; Manipur, 58; Nagaland, 59; Orissa, 59; Punjab, 63; Tamil Nadu, 65; Uttar Pradesh, 69; West Bengal, 79 n. Epigraphy ... ... ... ... 80 Sanskritic and Dravidic Inscriptions, 80 Andhra Pradesh, 80; Delhi, 80; Kamataka, 81; Kerala, 81; Rajasthan, 82; Tamil Nadu, 82; Uttar Pradesh, 83 Arabic and Persian Inscriptions, 83 Andhra Pradesh, 83; Gujarat, 84; Karnataka, 85; Madhya Pradesh, 85; Maharashtra, 86; Uttar Pradesh, 87 HI. Numismatics and Treasure Trove ... ... 89 Karnataka, 89; Maharashtra, 89 IV. Other Important Discoveries... ... ... 90 Andhra Pradesh, 90; Haryana, 90; Punjab, 91; Tamil Nadu, 91 V. Radiocarbon Dates ... ... ... 92 Delhi, 92; Karnataka, 92; Maharashtra, 92; Rajasthan, 93; Tamil Nadu, 95; Uttar Pradesh, 95 VI. Palaeobotanical and Pollen Analytical Investigations ... 96 Haryana, 96; Punjab, 96 Samples from Abroad, 97 Nepal, 97 VII. Museums ... ... — 98 VIII. Architectural Survey ... ... ... 102 Building Survey, 102 IX. Preservation of Monuments ... ... ... 105 Monuments of National Importance, 105 Agra Circle, 105; Aurangabad Circle, 107; Bangalore Circle, 109; Bhubaneswar Circle, 114; Calcutta Circle, 117; Chandigarh Circle, 118; Delhi Circle, 119; Hyderabad Circle, 120; Jaipur Circle, 123; Lucknow Circle, 125; Madras Circle, 127; Mini Circle Goa, 130; Srinagar Circle, 131; Vadodara Circle, 132 Monuments Maintained by the States, 133 Andhra Pradesh, 133; Assam, 134; Haryana, 134; Karnataka, 134; Manipur, 135; Rajasthan, 135 X. Archaeological Chemistry ... ... ... 136 Treatment of Monuments and Paintings, 136 Andhra Pradesh, 136; Bihar, 137; Daman and Diu, 137; Delhi, 138; Goa, 139; Gujarat, 140; Himachal Pradesh, 141; Jammu and Kashmir, 141; Karnataka, 142; Kerala, 143; Madhya Pradesh, 144; Maharashtra, 145; Orissa, 147; Rajasthan, 148; Tamil Nadu, 148; Uttar Pradesh, 150; West Bengal, 151 Treatment and Preservation of Excavated Objects and Museum Exhibits, 152 Research and Analysis, 153 XI. Archaeological Gardens ... ... ... 155 Maharashtra, 155; Orissa, 155; Uttar Pradesh, 155; West Bengal, 155 XII. .Publications ... ... ... 156 Publications of the Survey, 156 page 30, line 9 to be read as (Harihara I, AD 1336-1379) page 42, to be read as Gudnapura • - . - ■ . - . - • ■ %- > ^ - ■ INDIAN ARCHAEOLOGY 1994-95 — A REVIEW I. EXPLORATIONS AND EXCAVATIONS ANDHRA PRADESH 1. EXPLORATION IN DISTRICT GUNTUR.— R.V. Siva Sarma of the Hyderabad Circle of the Archaeological Survey of India1, explored the village Penumaka and noticed early historical remains containing rock-cut cisterns, massive rubble-walls and mounds on a hillock. 2. EXPLORATION IN DISTRICT KRISHNA.— During the course of exploration, J.Vara Prasada Rao and R. Krishnaiah of the Hyderabad Circle of the Survey, noticed two early historical mounds at Jujjuru near Kanchikacherla in Nandigama taluk which yielded black-and-red ware, black ware and Rouletted Ware. 3. EXPLORATION IN DISTRICT MAHABOOBNAGAR.— In the course of village-to-village explora tion, R. Krishnaiah of the Hyderabad Circle of the Survey, discovered the following remains of archaeological importance. Village Taluk Nature of remains Anipur Maktal Medieval temple of Ramalingesvara, loose sculptures of Durga,Gq/a-Lakshmi and nandi of Vij ayanagara period Jhiprarpalle -do- Late medieval pottery Pagdimarri -do- Early historical site yielding black-and-red ware and associated wares Samanur -do- Late medieval temple of Hanuman Utkur -do- Loose sculptures of Ganesa, Brahma, panels depicting elephant's frieze and basement mouldings of a temple belonging to Kakatiya period; bathing tank, remnants of fortification and Anjaneya temple datable to Vijayanagara period 'The Archaeological Survey of India is referred to in the following pages as the 'Survey' only. 1 INDIAN ARCHAEOLOGY 1994-95—A REVIEW 4. EXCAVATION AT PUDURU, DISTRICT NELLORE.— The Birla Archaeological and Cultural Research Institute, Hyderabad, under the direction of Kamalakar and V. V. Krishna Sastry, carried out excavation at Puduru, a popular village in Nayudupeta mandal. It is situated 3 km east of Nayudupeta town and spread over approximately 1 sq km, locally named as Malaya Kota or Muniratnapalle. According to the local tradition, the fort once secured the mound and fortifications oriented north-south. The south and the west sides of the mound are completely occupied by the permanent village settlement. Presumably this portion of the mound is archaeologically potential as evident by the presence of antiquities over the surface. An ancient terracotta ring-well (dia 1 m and depth 9 m) right in the middle of the new settlement proves this fact further. Similar type of terracotta ring-wells were found at Kaveripattinam, Kanchipuram, Karaikadu etc., the famous Indo-Roman trading centres of early centuries of the Christian era. The northern side of the site was dug out for earth works by the villagers. During the earlier explorations, interesting artefacts in the form of Mediterranean amphorae, devoid of handles, long and conical in shape with thickness ranging from 2 to 3 cm, were reported. Some jars with pointed bottom and a small circular opening at the top have also been found. Similar varieties of amphorae without handles were also found at a few Indo-Roman sites like Arikamedu, Kanchipuram, Nattamedu and Vasavasamudram in Tamil Nadu. Puduru, on the borders of the Andhra-Tamil Nadu states, was selected for excavation with a view to ascertaining the details of settlement pattern of the early historical period in this region. Excavation conducted in four trenches viz., A, K 11, K 25 in different areas revealed a single period of occupation belonging to the early historical period. Three structural activities of well manufactured burnt-bricks (45 x 25 x 7 cm) were traced in three different trenches. In one of the trenches, a wall (72 x 65 cm) with nine brick courses were exposed. The orientation of the structure was north-south. The structures, found in other trenches were also more or less uniform in dimension. The bricks which were used for basement seem to be well-finished and well-burnt. The superstructures probably constructed of used bricks, were noticed at a few places only. In one of the trenches, at a depth of 90 cm was noticed a floor- like structure paved with irregular brick-bats, approximately covering an area of 1.60 m, in north- south orientation. It was however, devoid of any plastering material. As far as pottery industry is concerned, three principal ceramic industries viz., red-slipped ware; a few sherds of Rouletted Ware and a number of fragments of conical bottomed amphorae in coarse red ware were found. Along with the pottery, a number of perforated tile and animal bone pieces, were also recovered. Other antiquities from the site included coins (tentatively datable to second-third century AD), beads and bone points. The semiprecious stone beads included carnelian, crystal, quartz, amethyst, agate and chalcedony; among these, quartz beads outnumbered the res.. A
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