Lend Lease
RAF Lyneham, Chippenham, Wiltshire
Reptile Presence/ Likely Absence Survey Report
July 2012
Ropemaker Court, 11-12 Lower Park Row, Bristol BS1 5BN
Tel: 0117 925 4393
Email: [email protected]
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Document Control
Project: RAF Lyneham, Chippenham, Wiltshire, Reptile Presence/ Likely Absence Survey
Client: Lend Lease
Job Number: A076050
File Origin: Z: \2012 \A076050 Lyneham \Reports \Reptiles \A076050 Lyneham Wiltshire Reptile_v1_040712.doc
Document Checking:
Prepared by: Chris Meddins MIEEM Signed: Principal Ecologist
Checked by: Tamsin Clark MIEEM Signed: Associate Ecologist
Verified by: Tamsin Clark MIEEM, Associate Ecologist Signed:
On behalf of: Claire Wilmer CEnv, MIEEM, Regional Director
Issue Date Status
1 06.06.12 DIO draft issue
2 30.07.12 DIO final issue
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Contents Page
Executive Summary...... 1
1.0 Introduction...... 2
1.1 Background ...... 2
1.2 Site location...... 2
1.3 Proposed development ...... 3
1.4 Legislation Applying to Reptiles...... 3
2.0 Methods ...... 5
2.1 The constraints report ...... 5
2.2 Site survey ...... 5
2.3 Limitations...... 6
3.0 Results ...... 7
3.1 Constraints report ...... 7
3.2 Site survey ...... 7
3.3 Ecological constraints and impacts ...... 9
4.0 Recommendations for further survey...... 11
5.0 Mitigation and enhancement recommendations...... 12
5.1 Mitigation ...... 12
5.2 Monitoring ...... 14
5.3 Enhancements ...... 14
5.4 Indicative Costs & Timings for Future Works...... 15
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6.0 References ...... 16
Appendix Contents
Appendix A – Figures
Figure 1 – Site boundary
Figure 2– Reptile survey areas
Appendix B – Reptile Hibernacula Design
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RAF Lyneham, Chippenham Wiltshire: Reptile Survey
Executive Summary
Contents Summary
Site location RAF Lyneham, nr Chippenham, Wiltshire (grid reference SU 005 786)
Previous Ecological Development Constraints Report , AMEC, 2012 reports/surveys
WYG Survey Reptile Presence/ Likely Absence Assessment, May & June 2012
Results Reptiles were only recorded in three areas (ref: WYG 1, WYG 2 and Amec TN5) onsite with the largest reptile population recorded within area reference Amec TN5 with numbers recorded indicating a good population of slow worms and low population of grass snake. The presence of juvenile reptiles shows there is a successful breeding population within the area.
Both areas reference WYG 1 and WYG 2 recorded grass snake and slow worm respectively, with numbers indicating a low population of each species.
Additional Survey The requirement for further reptile population estimate surveys should Recommendations be discussed with the LPA ecologist for areas where reptiles have been recorded if they are to be impacted by the development.
Mitigation and Current master planning shows the areas where reptiles have been Enhancement recorded are located within the proposed outdoor training areas and Recommendations impacts are unlikely; however if areas where reptiles have been recorded are to be impacted by the development further mitigation will be necessary prior to any works. Dependant on level of impact mitigation could be through:
• Habitat manipulation (small scale impacts only);
• Reptile translocation.
Recommendations for enhancement of the site are provided including:
• Reduction in cutting regime;
• Suitable reptile hibernacula design.
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1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background
WYG was commissioned by Lend Lease in March 2012 to undertake a reptile presence/ likely absence survey of land at Royal Air Force (RAF) Lyneham (‘the site’) in Lyneham, near Chippenham, Wiltshire (see Figure 1; Appendix A). The detailed design and extent of future land use are not known at present, however, it is understood that the base may be converted from an airbase to training facilities.
The previous AMEC Ecological Development Constraints Report (2012, ‘the constraints report’) identified the potential for reptiles to occur on site, based on the presence of suitable habitat. The aims of the WYG survey work and the subsequent report presented herein were to:
• Determine the presence or likely absence of reptiles at the site;
• Provide an appraisal of the implications created by the potential presence of reptiles at the site;
• Establish if any potential effects on reptiles resulting from the development are permissible;
• Ensure that the required level of survey work and information is present to inform a method statement, should one be necessary; and
• Provide preliminary advice on mitigation strategies against any adverse affects on local reptile population(s) which may arise as a result of the proposed development.
1.2 Site location
RAF Lyneham covers approximately 460 ha and is located 9 km north-east of Chippenham. The central OS grid reference of the site is SU 005 786. As per the original constraints report by AMEC (2012), the habitat is mainly grassland (approximately half the area), and buildings and hard standing (over one-quarter of the area). The rest of the area consists of landscaping, woodland, bare ground, water bodies and hedgerows (over 7 km in length).
At present the buildings are used as a mix of offices, accommodation, and catering, and many are currently unoccupied. The airfield area (i.e. the runways, airport terminal, hangers etc) is not presently in regular
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use as the base is no longer used by aircraft however regular cutting occurs of the majority of airfield grassland.
1.3 Proposed development
No plans for construction or refurbishment have been finalised, but the development principles are taken from the masterplan (AMEC ref 20120223 POCA Final -Ecology Masterplan Sections). It is proposed that the RAF will maintain the site, switching the role from an airbase, to a training area. The training will require a mix of outdoor areas (mainly the airfield) and indoor (the main area of building in the north-east of the site). This will also require accommodation, catering buildings, security, etc. Many of these facilities are in place within the buildings currently on site, but some refurbishment may be required.
1.4 Legislation Applying to Reptiles
All six species of reptiles native to the UK are protected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) and benefit from various levels of protection. Common species of reptile, namely the adder Vipera berus , grass snake Natrix natrix , slow-worm Anguis fragilis and common lizard Zootoca vivipara receive partial or full protection under Section 9 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended). This legislation makes it an offence to:
• Intentionally or recklessly kill or injure these animals; and
• Sell, offer for sale, possess or transport for the purpose of sale or publish advertisement to buy or sell individual reptiles.
The smooth snake Coronella austriaca and sand lizard Lacerta agilis are listed in Annex IVa of the EC Habitat and Species Directive and in Annex II of the Bern Convention. They are also listed in Schedule 5 of Section 9 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) and in Schedule 2 of the Conservation Regulations 2010. As a result it is an offence to:
• Intentionally or recklessly kill or injure these animals;
• Deliberately disturb these animals;
• Take or destroy their eggs;
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• Damage, destroy or disturb or impede access to breeding or shelter sites used by these species; and
Sell, offer for sale, possess or transport for the purpose of sale or publish advertisement to buy or sell individual reptiles.
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2.0 Methods
2.1 The constraints report
A report identifying the likely ecological constraints to development was produced by AMEC in 2012. This constraints report identified habitats which were likely to support reptiles. The report was consulted to provide an overall ecological background for the reptile survey and to target the survey effort at identified suitable habitat on site.
2.2 Site survey
In accordance with the guidance outlined in the Herpetofauna Workers’ Manual (Joint Nature Conservation Committee - JNCC, 2003), Advice Sheet 10 – Reptile Survey (Froglife, 1999) and the Handbook of Biodiversity Methods: Survey, Evaluation and Monitoring (Hill et al., 2005) surveys were undertaken to establish the presence or likely absence of reptile species. This involved seven visits during the months of May and June 2012 in suitable weather conditions. The surveys were undertaken by experienced WYG ecologists Sarah Dillon, Nancy Davies and Chris Meddins who have several years of reptile survey experience.
Approximately 250 artificial refugia (sections of bituminised roofing felt) were placed across the site in areas considered to have habitat suitable for reptiles, namely wet drains, hedgerows, scrub, woodland glades and grassland (refer to Table 2 and Figure 2, Appendix A). The majority of the survey locations occurred towards the boundaries of the site and in total occupied approximately 10.5ha. The refuges were then left undisturbed on the site for two weeks prior to survey; to allow sufficient time for any reptiles onsite to utilise the refuge.
During each site visit, each refuge was then first checked for basking individuals from a distance before being slowly approached and searched for sheltering reptiles. Terrestrial habitat between artificial refugia was also searched for reptile species on each visit. The location of each reptile sighting was then recorded to allow for analysis of population distributions across the site.
As a guideline it is recommended that the optimal time to survey reptiles is between 8:30am to 11:00am and between 16:00pm and 18:30pm and when air temperature is between 9ºC and 18ºC. Strong rain and wind are deemed unsuitable (Froglife, 1999). As reptile activity is heavily dependent on weather conditions
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the following data was recorded during each survey: air temperature, wind levels, rain levels, and the cloud cover.
2.3 Limitations
A number of artificial refugia were moved and/ or damaged (by ongoing grass cutting) during the surveys however the numbers involved were minimal and therefore this does not represent a significant limitation to the work, or a significant risk to reptiles.
This survey will remain valid for 2 years, following which, if works have not yet commenced, it is recommended that a brief update survey is completed to confirm whether any of the habitats have significantly changed with regards to the suitability for reptiles. At this point, any habitats with new or existing potential to support reptiles will require further surveys to confirm whether they are likely to support reptiles prior to any future planning application to provide updated survey information to inform appropriate mitigation where necessary.
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3.0 Results
3.1 Constraints report
The constraints report identified eight areas potentially suitable for reptiles (Amec TN ref 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 13) as shown on Figure 2; Appendix A . These areas were largely associated with grasslands that were relatively less managed at the time of survey, with TN5 associated with the open habitat along the access tracks and around the landing lights in Avon Grove Wood.
The constraints report also included a background data search, which identified the presence of reptiles on or near the site. Table 1 details what reptile records were obtained, where, and the date of record.
Table 1: Records of reptiles within 2 km of the site boundary.
Species Date Distance (km) and direction from the site
Slow worm 1960 1.6km east Grass snake 03/05/1996 1.9km north east Grass snake 27/09/2009 1.4km north Grass snake 1977 0.7km north Grass snake 1961 1.6km east Adder 1977 0.7km north
Common species of reptile (grass snake, slow worm and adder) have been recorded within 2km of the site however the majority of records are over 30 years old. The closest record (grass snake and adder) is within 700 metres of the site and is linked by suitable habitat corridors.
3.2 Site survey
A total of 11 areas were surveyed by WYG as part of the reptile presence/ likely absence surveys, these included seven of the eight areas indentified by Amec within the constraints report (Amec TN3 was discounted from the surveys as the habitat was no longer considered suitable for reptiles; potentially due to a change in the cutting regime) as well as an additional 4 areas identified by WYG surveyors. Each survey area is described in Table 2 below and shown on Figure 2; Appendix A.
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Table 2: Survey area description (refer to Figure 2; Appendix A).
Survey area Description reference Amec TN2 Area of rough grassland, that is not part of wider cutting regime, with a number of log piles forming a ‘conservation area’ to the south east of the site. Moderate potential for reptiles. Amec TN3 Area of short mown amenity grassland to the south east of the site. Negligible potential for reptiles. Amec TN5 Open habitat along the access tracks and around the landing lights in Avon Grove Wood, in addition includes south west facing bank within far west of the site. High potential for reptiles. Amec TN7 Small area of rough grassland associated with broadleaved plantation to the south east of the site. Low potential for reptiles. Amec TN8 Linear strip of ruderal vegetation and rough grassland associated with a hedgerow to the north east of the site. Low potential for reptiles. Amec TN9 Small area of rough grassland associated with broadleaved plantation to the north east of the site. Low potential for reptiles. Amec TN10 Rough grassland associated with broadleaved plantation to the north east of the site. Low potential for reptiles. Amec TN13 Area of less managed grassland adjacent to TN2 used as a caravan storage area to the south east of the site. Low/ moderate potential for reptiles. WYG1 Rough grassland to margins of broadleaved plantation and scrub to the north of the site. Moderate potential for reptiles. WYG2 Rough grassland to margins of broadleaved plantation and scrub & grassland paddocks to the north west of the site. Moderate potential for reptiles. WYG3 Area of rough grassland and scrub associated with 4x4 circuit to the west of the site. Moderate potential for reptiles. WYG4 Rough grassland to margins of scrub in south of the site. Low potential for reptiles.
Table 3 details the timing of the surveys and weather conditions.
Table 3: Survey timing and weather conditions
Cloud Start Air Temp Wind Speed Survey Date Rain Cover Time (ºC) (Beaufort ) (%) 1 16/05/2012 09.00 14 Nil 3 40 2 24/05/2012 09.15 18 Nil 0 50 3 01/06/2012 08.50 16 Nil 0 90 4 13/06/2012 09.40 15 Nil 0 60 5 14/06/2012 17.40 16 Nil 3 50 6 15/06/2012 11.00 17 Light showers 2 100 7 22/06/2012 16.00 17 Nil 0 90 8
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Table 4 details the survey results across the site where reptiles were recorded, the absence of a record means no reptiles were recorded.
Table 4: Survey results
Area Records Survey Date reference Species Adult Juvenile 1 16/05/2012 Amec TN5 Slow worm 4 - Grass snake 2 - 2 24/05/2012 Amec TN5 Slow worm 2 2 Grass snake 1 - 3 01/06/2012 Amec TN5 Slow worm 5 1 Grass snake 1 - 4 13/06/2012 WYG 1 Grass snake 1 - Amec TN5 Slow worm 2 1 Grass snake - 1 5 14/06/2012 WYG 2 Slow worm 1 - Amec TN5 Slow worm 6 1 Grass snake 3 - 6 15/06/2012 WYG 2 Slow worm 1 - Amec TN5 Slow worm 2 3 Grass snake 2 - 7 22/06/2012 WYG 2 Slow worm 1 - Amec TN5 Slow worm 2 1 Grass snake 4 -
3.3 Ecological constraints and impacts
Due to the size of the site and relatively isolated nature of the recorded reptiles, with intervening habitats recording no reptile presence, it can be considered the reptile populations recorded are probably separate populations and therefore impacts should be assessed as such.
Reptiles were only recorded in three areas of the site (ref: WYG 1, WYG 2 and Amec TN5). The largest reptile population recorded within area reference Amec TN5 with a maximum number of adult reptiles recorded being six slow worms and four grass snakes. Based on the Froglife guidelines (1999) (Table 5), the population of slow worms on site is categorised as a good population and the population of grass snake is categorised as a low population. In addition the presence of juvenile reptiles indicates a successful breeding population within the area.
Both area reference WYG 1 and WYG 2 had a maximum number of adult reptiles recorded being one grass snake and one slow worm respectively, indicating a low population of each species.
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Table 5: Calculating Populations (from Froglife 1999)
Table 6 below details the maximum number of adult reptiles recorded for each area, where reptiles were present, and associated population category. In addition the population of reptiles recorded within each area on site have been assigned to one of the six categories that have been defined by the Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management (IEEM, 2006). These categories represent the geographical importance of the receptor. The categories are;
• National value • Regional value • County value • District value • Local value • Within the zone of influence only • Negligible
Table 6: Maximum reptile number, population category and geographical importance
Area Maximum adult Geographical Species Population category reference number importance
Amec TN5 Slow worm 6 Good District value Grass snake 4 Low WYG 1 Grass snake 1 Low Local value WYG 2 Slow worm 1 Low Local value
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4.0 Recommendations for further survey
The requirement for further reptile population estimate surveys should be discussed with the LPA ecologist for areas where reptiles were recorded if they are to be impacted by the development in the future. Population estimate surveys will require a minimum of 20 survey visits, therefore an additional 13 visits, during suitable weather conditions to allow an assessment of relative population size and identify key reptile areas across the site.
To facilitate this potential requirement the artificial refugia have been left in situ within the areas with recorded reptile presence.
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5.0 Mitigation and enhancement recommendations
5.1 Mitigation
Mitigation will be dependant on the final development design, phasing and areas to be impacted. From the current master planning the areas where reptiles have been recorded are located within the proposed outdoor training areas and impacts are unlikely; however if areas where reptiles have been recorded are to be impacted by the development further mitigation will be necessary prior to any works that could directly impact these animals in order to avoid breaching the Wildlife and Countryside Act, 1981 (as amended).
5.1.1 Managed displacement
If the development will impact only a small area of reptile habitat that supports a low number of reptiles the work could be carried out through managed displacement. The methodology would form part of a reptile method statement and be agreed with the LPA ecologist prior to development commencing. It would be likely to involve an Ecological Clerk of Works (ECoW) supervising vegetation strimming and removal of topsoil to ensure no reptiles are killed/injured as part of the works. All vegetation removal would take place during the reptile active period (March to September) and be cleared in stages to allow reptile to move to suitable adjacent habitat, or if required the ECoW would move reptile to suitable undisturbed habitat adjacent to the site.
5.1.2 Reptile translocation
If the development is likely to impact significant areas of reptile habitat (i.e. irreversible loss of >25% suitable habitat), it is likely a reptile translocation would be required. The HGBI (Herpetofauna Groups of Britain and Ireland) advice for translocation and mitigation programmes recommends a number days of capturing based on the species present and size of population onsite (see Table 7). Table 7 shows the minimum number of trapping days however the translocation will continue until there have been five consecutive days during which no captures are made.
Table 7: Herpetofauna Groups of Britain and Ireland advice for translocation
Minimum number of Population size Tin density (number Species trapping days in good (adult density) of tins/ha) weather Slow- Medium population 100 All suitable days between worm (> 50 / ha) March & September or a 12
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full year (min. 70 suitable days) Low population 50 60 suitable days (< 50 / ha) Grass Medium population 100 All suitable days between snake (2 - 4 / ha) March & September or two years (min. 70 suitable days) Low population 50 60 suitable days (< 2 / ha)
To prevent the return of reptiles back into the development area, a reptile fence will be installed prior to translocation and refugia will be placed within. Reptile trapping can only be undertaken during the animals’ active period which runs from March until October. Reptile capture may not take place between November and February, as reptiles are not active during this period. As reptile capture is only effective in the correct weather conditions, it is possible that it may take over 2 months to complete the required seventy capture days in suitable weather conditions. These conditions may be less likely to occur frequently in July to September. Therefore it is important that the reptile translocation programme commences at least six weeks before the suitable reptile habitat is due to be destroyed.
After the reptile removal exercise has been completed, clearance of vegetation may take place under the supervision of a suitably qualified ecologist. Vegetation should be strimmed to a length of 10-15cm, after which time it can be searched ‘by hand’ by ecologists for any remaining reptiles. During this search, any natural refugia (rocks, logs etc.) can also be checked and removed. Final soil stripping (where required) will take place shortly after this to render the area uninhabitable by reptiles.
Once these precautions have been taken and provided the reptile exclusion fencing remains intact for the duration of the construction works, to prevent any reptiles entering the site, there should be no further constraints to development at the site with respect to reptiles.
All reptiles removed from the development area will be translocated to suitable onsite receptor areas that will remain unaffected by the development. Suitable receptor sites include the existing Conservation Area (identified as Amec TN2) and Avon Grove Woodland (Amec TN5). Enhancement works should be carried out at the receptor site to help ensure that it supports habitats and features suitable for the number of reptiles likely to be translocated.
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In the unlikely event that suitable areas are not available within the site, an appropriate receptor site will be required in the wider area. The receptor site will ideally have the following features:
• Be as close to the donor site as possible (within the same county/administrative area/geology and habitat type); • Currently does not support a population of the species to be translocated, or holds a low population and/or has the capacity to support more reptiles because of the complexity of the habitat, and/or a suboptimal habitat that can be enhanced to increase its capacity to support a larger population, if necessary; • Not be subject to planning or other threats in the foreseeable future.
5.2 Monitoring
It is likely monitoring will be required of any reptile populations that are impacted by the proposed development. Monitoring levels will be determined once the final development plans and impacts on reptiles are known; however best practice guidance details that 5 years monitoring of release site habitats and species survival with a brief report freely available at the end of each year.
5.3 Enhancements
The site includes large areas of grassland that are currently heavily managed through regular cutting that limits their suitability for reptiles. Enhancement of the site for reptiles could be easily achieved through the reduction in the cutting regime to allow certain areas to grow and develop suitable tussocky structure to provide cover for reptiles. It is recommended the reduction in the cutting regime should firstly focus on areas adjacent to those with confirmed reptile presence, to provide a suitable habitat buffer, with long term aims of linking areas of suitable rough grassland habitat. Any areas subject to a reduced management regime should be excluded from future development proposals, otherwise the reptile translocation process will need to move reptiles from a wider area than that they currently occupy.
The future habitat management of the receptor sites, any linking connective corridors and any further habitat retained/created for the benefit of biodiversity should be suitably managed in line with an agreed habitat management plan. The habitat management plan should be adopted in consultation with the design team. The plan will detail habitat management objectives and prescriptions for all retained and created habitat, with the overall aim of maintaining the reptile populations at a favourable conservation status and
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also benefitting the wider biodiversity on site. It should cover habitat management for at least 5 years post development.
In addition suitable habitat hibernacula (see Appendix B for design) could be built within/ adjacent to identified reptile areas to further enhance these areas.
5.4 Indicative Costs & Timings for Future Works
Mitigation costs will depend upon the size and number of reptiles to be impacted by the development. It will also depend upon the phasing of any future development. The below indicative costs are provided to give a guideline of reptile mitigation and monitoring costs into the future.
Table 4: Indicative costs for future works
Mitigation Action Indicative costs Timing
Managed Ecological Clerk of Daily rate to supervise removal During reptile active displacement Works during of suitable vegetation season (March to vegetation clearance September) Reptile Installation of £8000- 15000 During reptile active translocation suitable fencing and season (March to translocation Dependent upon size September) according to best and type of reptile population practice guidelines to be impacted Monitoring Post construction £2500- 5000 per annum Best practice guidance monitoring details 5 years of survey Dependent upon size of reptile post construction population to be impacted and number of receptor sites to be monitored
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6.0 References
• Amec Environment & Infrastructure UK Ltd (2012) Defence Infrastructure organisation, Lyneham, Ecological Development Constraints Report. Unpublished
• Department for Communities and Local Government (2012) National Planning Policy Framework
• Eds. Hill, D.A., Fasham, M., Tucker, G., Shewry, M. & Shaw, P. (2005) Handbook of Survey Methods: Survey, Evaluation and Monitoring. Cambridge University Press, UK.
• Froglife (1999) Reptile survey: an introduction to planning, conducting and interpreting surveys for snake and lizard conservation. Froglife Advice Sheet 10. Froglife, Halesworth.
• Gent, T. & Gibson, S. (2003) Herpetofauna Workers’ Manual. JNCC.
• HCT 2008. NARRS 2008 Survey Pack. HCT
• Herpetofauna Groups of Britain and Ireland (HGBI) (1998) Evaluating local mitigation/translocation programmes: Maintaining Best Practice and lawful standards. HGBI advisory notes for Amphibian and Reptile Groups (ARGs). HGBI, c/o Froglife, Halesworth. Unpubl.
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Appendices
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Appendix A – Figures
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Figure 1 – Site boundary
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KEY
Client: Lendlease
Project: A076050 RAF Lyneham- Reptiles
Drawing no : Figure 1
Drawing title: Site boundary
©Crowncopyright, Allrights reserved 2008.License
WYG ENVIRONMENT 5th Floor Longcross Court, 47 Newport Road, Cardiff CF24 0AD
Tel: +44 (0)29 2082 9223
No 100017603 Fax: +44 (0)29 2045 5321
RAF Lyneham, Chippenham Wiltshire: Reptile Survey
Figure 2– Reptile survey areas
Lend Lease A076050 30/07/2012
KEY
Client: Lendlease
Project: A076050 RAF Lyneham- Reptiles
Drawing no : Figure 2
Drawing title: Reptile survey areas
©Crowncopyright, Allrights reserved 2008.License
WYG ENVIRONMENT 5th Floor Longcross Court, 47 Newport Road, Cardiff CF24 0AD
Tel: +44 (0)29 2082 9223
No 100017603 Fax: +44 (0)29 2045 5321
RAF Lyneham, Chippenham Wiltshire: Reptile Survey
Appendix B – Reptile Hibernacula Design
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Herpetofauna Hibernacula
DESIGN 1: impermeable substrate
2000 mm (min)
cap: margins to have fill topsoil, ideally with exposed, allowing turf covering. access. rough vegetation approx 1000 mm
inert, clean fill: hardcore, brick rub- ble, logs, sleepers etc. plus loose topsoil.
DESIGN 2: permeable substrate
2000 mm (min) cap: margins to have fill topsoil, ideally with exposed, allowing rough turf covering. access. vegetation approx 1000 mm
approx 1000 mm inert, clean fill: hardcore, brick rub- ble, logs, sleepers etc. plus loose topsoil.