MAGAZINE A/HISTORY
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WISCONSIN MAGAZINE a/HISTORY .a . ?** Published Quarterly by the II STORICAL SOCIETY OF WI i September 1943 WISCONSIN MAGAZINE of HISTORY EDWARD P. ALEXANDER, Editor LILLIAN KRUEGER, Assistant Editor CONTENTS Chats with the Editor Edward P. Alexander 1 American Germans in Two World Wars Carl Wittke 6 Thure Kumlien, Koshkonong Naturalist Angie Kumlien Main 17 Hans Balatka and the Milwaukee Musical Society J. J. Schlicher 40 John Ogden, Milwaukee Pioneer Marion G. Ogden 56 Milwaukee's First Mass Peter Leo Johnson 75 DOCUMENTS: Wisconsin As Depicted in the Michigan Press Sidney Glazer 83 BOOK NOTES 94 THE SOCIETY AND THE STATE 114 The WISCONSIN MAGAZINE OF HISTORY is published quarterly by the STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF WISCONSIN, 816 State Street, Madison. Distributed to members as part of their dues (Annual membership, $3.00; Life, $30). Yearly subscription, $3.00; single number, 75 cents. Communications should be addressed to the editor. The Society does not assume responsibility for statements made by contributors. Entered as second-class matter at the post office at Madison, Wis- consin, under the act of August 24, 1912. Copyright 1943 by the STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF WISCONSIN. Paid for by the Maria L. and Simeon Mills Editorial Fund and by the George B. Burrows Fund. THE COVER BREAKING SOD NEAR EDGERTON, C. 1865. The plow is similar to one- drawn by five yoke of oxen and used in clearing Thure Kumlien's Kosh- konong farm in the 1840's. One such plow described by the Rev. Alfred Brunscn measured 16 feet in length, 12 inches deep, and 8 inches wide, and cut a furrow 24 inches wide. When sharp, the plow would cut off roots " as big as your leg." The front team was called the " snatch team," because it was easily detached and swung to the rear of the plow to pull it back when needed. For more details on pioneer farming conditions, see Mrs. Main's article on Thure Kumlien in this issue. Photograph by courtesy of D. W. North of Edgerton, WISCONSIN MAGAZINE of HISTORY Jp^> Volume 27 September 1943 Number 1 Chats with the Editor I Y THE time you read these words, this Society's second annual historical convention will have been held at Milwaukee. Wartime conditions for long made it uncertain whether we could have the meeting. But the Milwaukee County Historical Society was anxious to show us Milwaukee, and the Board of Curators of the STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY thought our first J,T convention at Green Bay last year too fruitful a ., . beginning to be abandoned. By holding the meeting ^ .in the population center of the state and during the Convention , :* , , ^ ., n , . x . x week (Thursday and .Friday, September 16-17), a minimum of strain was put on transportation and hotel facilities. A Committee on Local Arrangements headed by Frederic Heath, president of the Milwaukee County Historical Society, and with Albert Schnabel, treasurer of that society, as executive secre- tary worked hard to make our stay in Milwaukee both instructive and pleasant. The program included a session on "Old Milwau- kee" with papers by William George Bruce and Mr. Heath of Milwaukee and by Professor W. B. Hesseltine of the University of Wisconsin; a complimentary luncheon at the Schlitz Brown Bottle; a pilgrimage ending with a reception given by the Colonial Dames of Wisconsin at the Kilbourntown House in Estabrook Park; the annual banquet followed by a Folk Dance Festival directed 1 2 CHATS WITH THE EDITOR [September by Miss Dorothy Enderis of the Milwaukee Public Schools and a one-act play on the founding of Milwaukee entitled "A City for Josette," written by Margaret Paulus and directed by Miss Enderis; a session on collecting war records with addresses by John G. Gregory and Richard E. Krug of Milwaukee and Guy A. Benson of Racine; and a luncheon meeting at which George R. Howitt, director of the Wisconsin State Council of Defense, spoke on "Wis- consin at War." The December issue of this Magazine will carry a full account of the meeting, and several of the historical addresses delivered there will appear in the Magazine during the year. SPEAKING OF MILWAUKEE reminds us of the excellent work being done there by a committee of the Wisconsin Society of Colonial Dames. This society is composed of threescore or so of very lively „ ^ , . ladies who long ago formed the habit of working The Colonial 7 , , . 6, , , _._.? ^ for th e publiu c good . TLast year one or the Mil- Dames as . J . ^ „ waukee newspaper columnists had occasion to look Collectors . £ . __ into the war activities of the Colonial Dames. He confessed later that he started with some little prejudice ("after all their name is so damn forbidding"), but when he had seen them working at blood procurement centers, home nursing and accident prevention, civilian defense and USO, etc., etc., the re- porter concluded that Colonial Dames were only kindly Aunt Minnies in disguise. Nearly everyone interested in Wisconsin history knows some- thing of the historical projects of the Colonial Dames in Wisconsin. Without them the Indian Agency House (1832) at Portage would not have been saved as a historical museum. Without their aid the Kilbourntown House (1844) might not be welcoming visitors at Estabrook Park in Milwaukee. Not so many people, perhaps, know of the efforts of the Colonial Dames to place worthwhile historical manuscripts with the STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY. A few years ago the late Mrs. Charles M. Morris of Milwaukee had 1943] CHATS WITH THE EDITOR 3 charge of such work, her motto being: "The discard of today often becomes the treasure of tomorrow." Last winter the Colonial Dames agreed to revive this historical work and to gather manuscripts, books, pictures, and museum articles on early Wisconsin and Milwaukee. Mrs. Arthur T. Hol- brook and Mrs. Martin A. Fladoes became co-chairmen of a Com- mittee on Wisconsin Historical Materials composed also of Mesdames Loyal Durand, Elmore C. Lane, Frank H. Lindsay, Ludington Patton, Frederick L. Sivyer, James F. Trottman, Guido C. Vogel, and Charles D. Weeks. The committee has been gather- ing materials with vigor, and the Milwaukee County Historical Society, Milwaukee Public Museum, Milwaukee Public Library, and STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY have all begun to profit from its work. Milwaukee attics and cellars are yielding useful historical materials to be placed where they will do the most good. The WISCONSIN HISTORICAL SOCIETY welcomes such cooperation from the Colonial Dames and from other women's organizations interested in Wis- consin's significant past. THIS SOCIETY is happy to announce the publication of a memorial volume in honor of the late Dr. Joseph Schafer, its superintendent from 1920 to 1941. The book is entitled Joseph Schafer, Student , , of Agriculture, and contains essays on Dr. Schafer, Joseph Schafero7 ' * . J „ , . the historian, by the late Louise Phelps Kellogg, Student of . ' . , . , senior research associate or this Society, and on Dr. Schafer, the man, by his friend, Clarence B. Lester, secretary of the Free Library Commission of Wisconsin, together with an exhaustive bibliography of Dr. Schafer's writings compiled by Everett E. Edwards and Thomas J. Mayock, agricultural historians of the Bureau of Agricultural Economics in the Depart- ment of Agriculture at Washington. A reproduction of the portrait of Dr. Schafer painted in 1940 by Christian Abrahamsen is used as a frontispiece. 4 CHATS WITH THE EDITOR [September For more than twenty years Dr. Schafer patiently conducted research in Wisconsin history, and every worker in that field for years to come will owe much to Dr. Schafer's meticulous studies. He carried forward the ideas of his great teacher, Frederick Jackson Turner, and made a beginning on a Domesday Book for Wisconsin to show just how the land and the early agricultural settler re- acted on each other. This little volume (Pp. x, 67) has been sent to all our exchanges, to the local historical societies which are auxiliary members of the STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY, and to the libraries on our membership list. The edition of 1,000 has not yet been exhausted, and we shall gladly send each member who requests one a copy as long as the supply lasts. THE ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION has recently granted the Uni- versity of Minnesota $50,000 to be spent over a three-year period in financing the preparation of biographies, histories, novels, and ,, ,. plays about the Central Northwest, which means , . the states of Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, North _. Dakota, and South Dakota. Both new and estab- lished writers are eligible for the fellowships. The amount available will vary with the needs of the individual case. A committee headed by Theodore C. Blegen, dean of the Graduate School, will administer the fund. Letters of inquiry enclosing a stamped and addressed envelope for reply should go to Miss Helen Clapesattle, 103 Wesbrook Hall, University of Minnesota, Minne- apolis 14, Minnesota. We do hope that Wisconsin writers will take advantage of these research grants, and this Magazine will always be ready to consider printing historical articles on Wisconsin which may be by-products of such work. PRESIDENT TITUS wrote us a note recently to suggest that we urge each member of this Society to give a membership to one 1943} CHATS WITH THE EDITOR 5 of his or her friends. We think that is a good idea. The other day _ ^ one of our friends who had seen this Magazine for the Do Yourr • . , . first time told us she is going to give her teen-age son . a membership for his birthday and that a friend of Shoppino g ,.-,., , , i v y hers intends to give her teen-age daughter a member- ship for Christmas.