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BAP Fungi Handbook English Nature Research Reports
Report Number 600 BAP fungi handbook English Nature Research Reports working today for nature tomorrow English Nature Research Reports Number 600 BAP fungi handbook Dr A. Martyn Ainsworth 53 Elm Road, Windsor, Berkshire. SL4 3NB October 2004 You may reproduce as many additional copies of this report as you like, provided such copies stipulate that copyright remains with English Nature, Northminster House, Peterborough PE1 1UA ISSN 0967-876X © Copyright English Nature 2004 Executive summary Fungi constitute one of the largest priority areas of biodiversity for which specialist knowledge, skills and research are most needed to secure effective conservation management. By drawing together what is known about the 27 priority BAP species selected prior to the 2005 BAP review and exploring some of the biological options open to fungi, this handbook aims to provide a compendium of ecological, taxonomic and conservation information specifically with conservationists’ needs in mind. The opening section on fungus fundamentals is an illustrated account of the relative importance of mycelia, fruit bodies and spores, without which many ecosystem nutrient cycles would cease. It is not generally appreciated that mycelia have been recorded patrolling territories of hundreds of hectares, living over a thousand years or weighing as much as a blue whale. Inconspicuous fungi are therefore amongst the largest, heaviest and oldest living things on Earth. The following sections describe the various formal and informal taxonomic and ecological groupings, emphasizing the often intimate and mutually beneficial partnerships formed between fungi and other organisms. The different foraging strategies by which fungi explore their environment are also included, together with a summary of the consequences of encounters between fungi ranging from rejection, combat, merger, takeover and restructuring to nuclear exchanges and mating. -
Rote Liste Der Gefährdeten Arten Der Schweiz Ausgabe 2007
> Umwelt-Vollzug > Rote Listen / Artenmanagement 18 > Rote Liste 07 Grosspilze Rote Liste der gefährdeten Arten der Schweiz Ausgabe 2007 > Umwelt-Vollzug > Rote Listen / Artenmanagement > Rote Liste Grosspilze Rote Liste der gefährdeten Arten der Schweiz Ausgabe 2007 Autoren: Beatrice Senn-Irlet, Guido Bieri, Simon Egli Herausgegeben vom Bundesamt für Umwelt BAFU und der Eidgenössischen Forschungsanstalt für Wald, Schnee und Landschaft WSL Bern, 2007 Rechtlicher Stellenwert dieser Publikation Impressum Rote Liste des BAFU im Sinne von Artikel 14 Absatz 3 der Verordnung Herausgeber vom 16. Januar 1991 über den Natur- und Heimatschutz (SR 451.1) Bundesamt für Umwelt (BAFU), Bern www.admin.ch/ch/d/sr/45.html. Eidgenössische Anstalt für Wald, Schnee und Landschaft (WSL), Birmensdorf ZH Diese Publikation ist eine Vollzugshilfe des BAFU als Aufsichtsbehörde und richtet sich primär an die Vollzugsbehörden. Sie konkretisiert Autoren unbestimmte Rechtsbegriffe von Gesetzen und Verordnungen und soll Beatrice Senn-Irlet, Biodiversität und Naturschutzbiologie WSL, eine einheitliche Vollzugspraxis fördern. Berücksichtigen die Guido Bieri, wildbild Vollzugsbehörden diese Vollzugshilfen, so können sie davon Simon Egli, Walddynamik WSL ausgehen, dass sie das Bundesrecht rechtskonform vollziehen; andere Lösungen sind aber auch zulässig, sofern sie rechtskonform Begleitung sind. Das BAFU veröffentlicht solche Vollzugshilfen (bisher oft auch als Francis Cordillot, Stephan Lussi, Abteilung Artenmanagement, BAFU Richtlinien, Wegleitungen, Empfehlungen, Handbücher, Praxishilfen Schweizerische Kommission für die Erhaltung der Pilze SKEP/CSSC u.ä. bezeichnet) in seiner Reihe «Umwelt-Vollzug». Zitiervorschlag Senn-Irlet B., Bieri G., Egli S. 2007: Rote Liste der gefährdeten Grosspilze der Schweiz. Umwelt-Vollzug Nr. 0718. Hrsg. Bundesamt für Umwelt, Bern, und WSL, Birmensdorf. 92 S. Gestaltung Ursula Nöthiger-Koch, Uerkheim Titelfoto Oudemansiella mucida (Schrad.:Fr.) Hoehn. -
Kristianstads Vattenrike Biosphere Reserve, Periodic Review 2005-2015
This Periodic Review can also be downloaded at www.vattenriket.kristianstad.se/unesco/. Title: Kristianstads Vattenrike Biosphere Reserve. Periodic Review 2005-2015 Authors: This review is produced by the Biosphere Office, Kristianstads kommun: Carina Wettemark, Johanna Källén, Åsa Pearce, Karin Magntorn, Jonas Dahl, Hans Cronert; Karin Hernborg and Ebba Trolle. In addition a large number of people have contributed directly and indirectly. Cover photo: Patrik Olofsson/N Maps: Stadsbyggnadskontoret Kristianstads kommun PERIODIC REVIEW FOR BIOSPHERE RESERVE INTRODUCTION The UNESCO General Conference, at its 28th session, adopted Resolution 28 C/2.4 on the Statutory Framework of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves. This text defines in particular the criteria for an area to be qualified for designation as a biosphere reserve (Article 4). In addition, Article 9 foresees a periodic review every ten years The periodic review is based on a report prepared by the relevant authority, on the basis of the criteria of Article 4. The periodic review must be submitted by the national MAB Committee to the MAB Secretariat in Paris. The text of the Statutory Framework is presented in the third annex. The form which follows is provided to help States prepare their national reports in accordance with Article 9 and to update the Secretariat's information on the biosphere reserve concerned. This report should enable the International Coordinating Council (ICC) of the MAB Programme to review how each biosphere reserve is fulfilling the criteria of Article 4 of the Statutory Framework and, in particular, the three functions: conservation, development and support. It should be noted that it is requested, in the last part of the form (Criteria and Progress Made), that an indication be given of how the biosphere reserve fulfils each of these criteria. -
Liste Rouge Des Espèces Menacées En Suisse: Champignons Supérieurs
> L’environnement pratique > Listes rouges / Gestion des espèces 18 > Liste rouge 07 Champignons supérieurs Liste rouge des espèces menacées en Suisse Édition 2007 > L’environnement pratique > Listes rouges / Gestion des espèces > Liste rouge Champignons supérieurs Liste rouge des espèces menacées en Suisse Édition 2007 Auteurs: Beatrice Senn-Irlet, Guido Bieri, Simon Egli Publié par l’Office fédéral de l’environnement OFEV et par l’Institut fédéral de recherches sur la forêt, la neige et le paysage WSL Berne, 2007 Valeur juridique de cette publication Impressum Liste rouge de l’OFEV au sens de l’article 14, 3e alinéa de Éditeur l’ordonnance du 16 janvier 1991 sur la protection de la nature et du Office fédéral de l’environnement (OFEV), Berne paysage (RS 451.1) www.admin.ch/ch/f/sr/45.html Institut fédéral de recherches sur la forêt, la neige et le paysage (WSL), Birmensdorf ZH La présente publication est une aide à l’exécution élaborée par l’OFEV en tant qu’autorité de surveillance. Destinée en premier lieu Auteurs aux autorités d’exécution, elle concrétise des notions juridiques Beatrice Senn-Irlet, biodiversité et conservation biologique, WSL indéterminées provenant de lois et d’ordonnances et favorise ainsi Guido Bieri, wildbild une application uniforme de la législation. Si les autorités d’exécution Simon Egli, dynamique forestière, WSL en tiennent compte, elles peuvent partir du principe que leurs décisions seront conformes au droit fédéral. D’autres solutions sont Responsables aussi licites dans la mesure où elles sont conformes au droit en Francis Cordillot et Stephan Lussi, Division Gestion des espèces OFEV vigueur. -
80130Dimou7-107Weblist Changed
Posted June, 2008. Summary published in Mycotaxon 104: 39–42. 2008. Mycodiversity studies in selected ecosystems of Greece: IV. Macrofungi from Abies cephalonica forests and other intermixed tree species (Oxya Mt., central Greece) 1 2 1 D.M. DIMOU *, G.I. ZERVAKIS & E. POLEMIS * [email protected] 1Agricultural University of Athens, Lab. of General & Agricultural Microbiology, Iera Odos 75, GR-11855 Athens, Greece 2 [email protected] National Agricultural Research Foundation, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Lakonikis 87, GR-24100 Kalamata, Greece Abstract — In the course of a nine-year inventory in Mt. Oxya (central Greece) fir forests, a total of 358 taxa of macromycetes, belonging in 149 genera, have been recorded. Ninety eight taxa constitute new records, and five of them are first reports for the respective genera (Athelopsis, Crustoderma, Lentaria, Protodontia, Urnula). One hundred and one records for habitat/host/substrate are new for Greece, while some of these associations are reported for the first time in literature. Key words — biodiversity, macromycetes, fir, Mediterranean region, mushrooms Introduction The mycobiota of Greece was until recently poorly investigated since very few mycologists were active in the fields of fungal biodiversity, taxonomy and systematic. Until the end of ’90s, less than 1.000 species of macromycetes occurring in Greece had been reported by Greek and foreign researchers. Practically no collaboration existed between the scientific community and the rather few amateurs, who were active in this domain, and thus useful information that could be accumulated remained unexploited. Until then, published data were fragmentary in spatial, temporal and ecological terms. The authors introduced a different concept in their methodology, which was based on a long-term investigation of selected ecosystems and monitoring-inventorying of macrofungi throughout the year and for a period of usually 5-8 years. -
MODELIST23.Rtf 29/5/15 the BMS
MODELIST23.rtf 29/5/15 The BMS Travelling Exhibition of Fungus Models: A Brief History Henry Tribe In 1987 the British Mycological Society arranged a Fungus Modelling Workshop in Pershore, Worcs. given by Dr S.Diamandis from Greece who specialised in latex moulding techniques. One of the participants was Mrs Eileen Chattaway of Charmouth, Dorset and by 1996 she had made some 35 models of fungi. These she kept at her home but she thought that they would be more useful if she loaned the majority of them to the Society for the purposes of a Travelling Exhibition to the general public. As Publicity Secretary of the BMS at the time, arrangements fell to me. The first exhibition was at the Royal Literary and Scientific Institution in Bath. Eileen herself brought her models to Bath, carefully wrapped for transit, but we realized following the exhibition that individual boxes for each model were needed for transit purposes. The President, Steve Moss, agreed that this was necessary and 29 individual boxes were ordered from Dauphin Display Ltd of Oxford. Their Managing Director went to Charmouth to measure the models and found that four standard box sizes sufficed to fit them. Each box was made of acrylic sheet on a medium density fibre (MDF) base and could serve as an exhibition container inside a museum cabinet. The cost was £ 949 plus delivery (£ 94) and included four large hardboard boxes inside which the acrylic boxes fitted. A further charge of £ 88 was made for the visit to Dorset. Total cost = £ 1131. Steve Moss also asked Eileen Chattaway to value the models for insurance purposes and this came to £ 2825. -
New, Rare and Lesser-Known Macromycetes in Moravia (Czech Republic) – IX
ISSN 1211-8788 Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae (Brno) 95(1): 143–162, 2010 New, rare and lesser-known macromycetes in Moravia (Czech Republic) – IX VLADIMÍR ANTONÍN 1 & DANIEL DVOØÁK 1, 2 1Moravian Museum, Dept. of Botany, Zelný trh 6, CZ-659 37 Brno, Czech Republic; e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 2Masaryk University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Botany and Zoology, Kotláøská 2, CZ-611 37 Brno, Czech Republic; e-mail: [email protected] ANTONÍN V. & DVOØÁK D. 2010: New, rare and lesser-known macromycetes in Moravia (Czech Republic) – IX. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae (Brno) 95(1): 143–162. – The authors give descriptions of macro- and microfeatures of 13 rare or lesser-known macromycetes collected in Moravia (Czech Republic). Elaphomyces septatus and Lepiota griseovirens are recorded for the first time in the Czech Republic. Lepiota lilacea and Psilocybe laetissima are published for the first time from Moravia, Coprinopsis spelaiophylla for the second time. Armillaria ectypa has been re-collected after almost 50 years, Clavariadelphus truncatus after almost 30 years, and Geastrum berkeleyi after more than 20 years. Biscogniauxia simplicior and Lyophyllum leucophaeatum have only a few recent Moravian localities. Further, Callistosporium pinicola represents a rare, only recently-recorded taxon. Crepidotus crocophyllus has been collected outside its previously-known range in the southernmost part of Moravia. Aleurodiscus disciformis is a critically endangered species that has been collected at several localities in Moravia. Key words. Basidiomycetes, Aleurodiscus, Armillaria, Biscogniauxia, Callistosporium, Clavariadelphus, Coprinopsis, Crepidotus, Elaphomyces, Geastrum, Lepiota, Lyophyllum, Psilocybe, Moravia, Czech Republic Introduction In the course of their mycological field research in various parts of Moravia in recent years, the authors have found several rare or interesting macromycetes. -
Předmluva (Jan Holec) Úvod Metodika
Obsah Předmluva (Jan Holec) 5 Úvod Obecné vymezení hub a skupiny hub zpracované v Červeném seznamu (Jan Holec) 7 Role a postavení hub (makromycetů) v ekosystémech (Jan Holec) 8 Ekologické skupiny makromycetů 8 Faktory, které určují výskyt makromycetů v přírodě 10 Shrnutí 16 Literatura 16 Úbytek hub a jeho příčiny (Miroslav Beran) 17 Začátek ústupu hub v ČR a jeho hlavní příčina 17 Přirozené příčiny úbytku hub 17 Člověkem způsobené příčiny úbytku hub 18 Literatura 22 Stručná historie ochrany hub na území České republiky (Jan Holec & Jan Borovička) 23 Ochrana hub v bývalém Československu 23 Ochrana hub od začátku devadesátých let 20. století 25 Vstup do Evropské unie a ochrana hub 26 Shrnutí 27 Literatura 28 Metodika (Jan Holec) Specifika hub při studiu jejich výskytu a rozšíření 31 Metodika tvorby červených seznamů podle IUCN 31 Aplikace kritérií a kategorií ohrožení pro potřebu hub a území ČR 33 Základní principy použité při tvorbě Červeného seznamu hub ČR 33 Kategorie ohrožení použité v Červeném seznam hub ČR 35 Výběr druhů a shromažďování údajů pro Červený seznam 38 Členění seznamu 39 Struktura textů o jednotlivých druzích 39 Nedostatečně zpracované nebo nezpracované skupiny hub 43 Autoři textů o jednotlivých rodech hub 43 Červený seznam hub na internetu 45 Literatura 45 3 Výsledky (Vladimír Antonín, Miroslav Beran, Zuzana Bieberová, Jan Borovička, Jiří Burel, Karel Čížek, Helena Deckerová, Daniel Dvořák, Michal Graca, Jan Holec, Petr Hrouda, Václav Janda, Oldřich Jindřich, František Kotlaba, Zdeněk Pouzar, Mirko Svrček, Josef Šutara, -
Algunas Especies De Macromicetos Interesantes Recolectadas En Galicia
REQUEJO, Ó. & M.L. CASTRO Algunas especies de macromicetos interesantes recolectadas en Galicia REQUEJO, Ó.1 & M.L. CASTRO2 1San Xurxo, A Laxe 12B. 36473 Salceda de Caselas, Pontevedra. E-mail: [email protected] 2Facultad de Biología. Campus Universitario As Lagoas-Marcosende. 36310 Vigo. E-mail: [email protected] Resumen: REQUEJO, Ó. & M.L. CASTRO (2014). Algunas especies de macromicetos interesan- tes recolectadas en Galicia. Bol. Micol. FAMCAL 9: 11-19. Se estudian 6 taxones poco frecuentes de la división Basidiomycota, pertenecientes a los géneros Cyathus, Hypholoma, Entoloma, Gymnopilus, Gymnopus y Pluteus, recolectados en el noroeste de la Península Ibérica. Palabras clave: Galicia, Península Ibérica, Basidiomycota, Cyathus, Hypholoma, Entoloma, Gymno- pilus, Gymnopus, Pluteus. Summary: REQUEJO, Ó. & M.L. CASTRO (2014). Some interesting species of macromycetes from Galicia. Bol. Micol. FAMCAL 9: 11-19. Six rare taxa of the division Basidiomycota, belonging to the genera Cyathus, Hypholoma, Entoloma, Gymnopilus, Gymnopus and Pluteus collected in the Northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, are studied. Key words: Galicia, Iberian Peninsula, Basidiomycota, Cyathus, Hypholoma, Entoloma, Gymnopilus, Gymnopus, Pluteus. INTRODUCCIÓN nes de ríos, alisedas (Alnus glutinosa) o hayedos Galicia se encuentra en el extremo más nor- (Fagus sylvatica) y en las zonas más secas, con occidental de la Península Ibérica, por lo que su suelo calcáreo, aparecen encinares (Quercus ilex climatología está claramente influenciada por subsp. ballota). Son escasos los alcornocales el mar; sin embargo, su extensión geográfica (Quercus suber) y excesivamente abundantes las (29.574 km2) permite un claro gradiente de tem- plantaciones de eucaliptos (Eucalyptus spp.) y pi- peratura y humedad desde la costa hasta la me- nos (Pinus spp.). -
Liste Rouge Champignons Supérieurs
> L’environnement pratique > Listes rouges / Gestion des espèces 18 > Liste rouge 07 Champignons supérieurs Liste rouge des espèces menacées en Suisse Édition 2007 @@@%@&@&&@000&??&&??00/&?0/?&00&@%0%0%/%0%???@?@0&?%&@0/&0&0?0?%0?&?&000&?&%%0%@%@@@@@@@@›;,;;,,;;^?^^^^^%%^^/@^???&/&0/›0/^?^›^^/^^/?0^^ @@@%@&%000&00?&0?0%??0??00&/0&0&%@/&0&/&0%?@0&0%%0/&@&/00?????&0?00&0?&0?0%&0&&&&%@%@%@@@@›;›,;,;,&^^^?&^^^^/00^^/00&%0^^›;^^›/^^^›;^??0/ @@&%@&&&&&/&&0?00?0&/?&/?&%//&&?&%/00&/0%%/%%&?&@?/?@0/&?&?/0?&?/0?0?&0?0%&0&&0&&&&%%%@@@@@^›,;,;;›/0^^^^@%%&0&0???&@&^›/^;0?^^;?&/00??/^ @&%@?&&&?&0?0&?/??/00/?&/0&&??0??&??&&/?&0/&@&?&&??&%??000//?&?/0?&?00?0&0??&0?0%0%@&@@@@@@@;,;,,;//@^^^^^&0&&00?//&/^//&/^^^›^›^^^›?/?// %&%0&0?&&?0&/0&&/00/0?/0&/000?0&/0&/&&??%0/0@@?00&0@0/&?0?/0&?//?0??0?0&0?&&??0&0&%0&@@%@@@@?›,;›&/?/^^^^^00&000&/@/^^^^^/^››0/^›^^^^&^&› @%&?&00/?0&?00000/?0/?/?0&?0%/?0??&/00??&%?0@%?0&?&%?/?&??/00?/?0??0??&0?&000&00&0?&%&@%@@@@@›,?///^??/^@&%0000///0//^^^/^›^^›^›^^^/›^00/ &?&&%?0&0??&??00&?//?/?/?00/??/?0?0/?&0/0@0?@&?@?/&0?/&0?/00?/00??/?&0???0?000?0??&0?&%&@@@@@@›?/^@›%^/^0^//?%??^^?0??^^›^^›^^››^›^/0^›^^ &&%0?0?/0&??0??0/?//?0///?0//?//?/???&&/?%0/@&?@?/@0/00?//0?/00??/?00??/0?&0?0??00?0%00%@&@@@@@/;,^^//^^?/0@/@@^^^/??^//^^/^^^^›??/&/›0›› 0&??00/0/?0&???/0/?///0///?0?/?//0?0??0??&?/%&0@??%?/%0?/&0?/00?/??&??/??0???/?&??00?&%0%@%%@@@/,;//›^/›?^^^&0/^^0//^^^^^^^///›^?/%&&››^^ 00&&&/?0/?/??0??/?//^//0?^/?0/?//?0?//?&/0?/%&&%/%&?0&?//0?/&??//00?//??0???/0??/0??&0&%&%%@%@@@;;//^0^›^//^@&???^^^^^^^//^^//^@&&^^/›››› &&&??0&//???//?00/???^//?0//?0/?//?00//0?0@/&0&&/@0/00?/&0?0?//?00?//???/???0?/0??00?&0%%&&%@%@@0;^?/›^&^^0&/&@%0/^^^^^^^^^@&&@@@@%@^0›^› -
Boletín Micológico De FAMCAL Una Contribución De FAMCAL a La Difusión De Los Conocimientos Micológicos En Castilla Y León Una Contribución De FAMCAL
Año Año 2011 2011 Nº6 Nº 6 Boletín Micológico de FAMCAL Una contribución de FAMCAL a la difusión de los conocimientos micológicos en Castilla y León Una contribución de FAMCAL Con la colaboración de Boletín Micológico de FAMCAL. Boletín Micológico de FAMCAL. Una contribución de FAMCAL a la difusión de los conocimientos micológicos en Castilla y León PORTADA INTERIOR Boletín Micológico de FAMCAL Una contribución de FAMCAL a la difusión de los conocimientos micológicos en Castilla y León COORDINADOR DEL BOLETÍN Luis Alberto Parra Sánchez COMITÉ EDITORIAL Rafael Aramendi Sánchez Agustín Caballero Moreno Rafael López Revuelta Jesús Martínez de la Hera Luis Alberto Parra Sánchez Juan Manuel Velasco Santos COMITÉ CIENTÍFICO ASESOR Luis Alberto Parra Sánchez Juan Manuel Velasco Santos Reservados todos los derechos. No está permitida la reproducción total o parcial de este libro, ni su tratamiento informático, ni la transmisión de ninguna forma o por cualquier medio, ya sea electrónico, mecánico, por fotocopia, por registro u otros métodos, sin el permiso previo y por escrito del titular del copyright. La Federación de Asociaciones Micológicas de Castilla y León no se responsabiliza de las opiniones expresadas en los artículos firmados. © Federación de Asociaciones Micológicas de Castilla y León (FAMCAL) Edita: Federación de Asociaciones Micológicas de Castilla y León (FAMCAL) http://www.famcal.es Colabora: Junta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Medio Ambiente Producción Editorial: NC Comunicación. Avda. Padre Isla, 70, 1ºB. 24002 León Tel. 902 910 002 E-mail: [email protected] http://www.nuevacomunicacion.com D.L.: Le-1011-06 ISSN: 1886-5984 Índice Índice Presentación ....................................................................................................................................................................................11 Favolaschia calocera, una especie de origen tropical recolectada en el País Vasco, por ARRILLAGA, P. -
Braun (10 Pages)
Fungal Diversity A nomenclatural revision of the genus Alnicola (Cortinariaceae) Pierre-Arthur Moreau* Herbarium Z+ZT. Geobotanisches Institut ETH. Zollikerstrasse 107. CH-8008 Zürich. Current address : Département de Botanique. Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques. B.P. 83. F-59006 Lille Cedex. France Moreau, P.-A. (2005). A nomenclatural revision of the genus Alnicola (Cortinariaceae). Fungal Diversity 20: 121-155. Some nomenclatural points are discussed as a prodrom of a taxonomic revision of the genus Alnicola (= Naucoria sensu Moser). Lectotypifications of Alnicola and Agaricus "tribe" Naucoria are critically analyzed. Alnicola luteolofibrillosa is proposed as a new lectotype of Alnicola; Ag. pannosus is proposed as a new lectotype for Ag. "tribe" Naucoria. A critical check-list of taxa published so far in the genus Alnicola is provided. The usual names Alnicola (Naucoria) alnetorum and Alnicola (Naucoria) langei are invalid and must be replaced by A. inculta and A. macrospora respectively. Alnicola (Naucoria) dasypus is an earlier synonym of Pholiotina (Conocybe) subnuda according to type revision. Lectotypes are designed for Agaricus melinoides, A. scolecinus, Alnicola macrospora, Naucoria amarescens and Naucoria dasypus. Four new combinations are introduced: Alnicola zonata, Galerina albotomentosa, G. clavuligera, Pholiotina dasypus. Key words: Basidiomycota, Galerina, Naucoria, Pholiotina, taxonomy, typification. Introduction The genus Alnicola has been introduced by Kühner (1926), in order to isolate a homogenous group of species from the nebulous Agaricus "tribe" Naucoria of Fries (1821, 1836-1838). All are characterized by warty spores, sterile gill edge, differentiated pileipellis and strict association with Alnus spp. (alder trees). It was initially made up of 4 species briefly mentioned in a short key by Kühner (loc.