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Preparation of Papers in Two-Column Format for the Proceedings of The The use of coastal cabled video-observatories to monitor seasonal changes in shallow water fish community V. Sbragaglia 1, J. Aguzzi 1, G. Santamaria 2, A. Manuel 2, J. Del Rio 2, M. Nogueras 2, F. Sardà 1 1 Marine Science Institute (ICM-CSIC) - Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain 2 Technological center of Vilanova i la Geltrú (SARTI-UPC) - Rambla de l'exposició s/n, 08800, Vilanova i la Geltrú, Spain Abstract-Seasonality in marine fish communities is usually community temporal fluctuations at scales larger than one year studied by using different sampling techniques (e.g. visual census in are poorly known and dir ect observations in the field are of shallow water or trawling in deeper areas) that are hard to perform over long periods with a high frequency of data recording. extreme importance to obtain valuable information. Furthermore, the coupling with fluctuations in key habitat Seasonality in marine fish communities is usually studied by parameters (e.g. light, temperature, salinity, and turbidity) is not a using different sampling techniques (e.g. visual census in simple task to accomplish. Cabled video-observatories implemented shallow water or trawling in deep water) that are of difficult with multiparametric sensors for habitat monitoring are allowing application over long periods of time at a high frequency. Only for the first time the continuous and long term recording of marine communities' dynamic (e.g. day-night, seasonal, and predator-prey recently cabled video-observatories were applied for this fluctuations). In this scenario, the OBSEA video-cabled observatory purpose [3]. However, the coupling with surrounding has been recently deployed (2009) within a coastal area in the environ mental fluctuations (e.g. light, temperature, salinity, western Mediterranean Sea (Vilanova i la Geltrú - Spain) at a depth and turbidity) is of primary importance in order to obtain of 20 m. It is endowed with a video camera and a CTD. The OBSEA reliable cause-effect explications, but such multiparametric is located in a sandy area in which are placed numerous artificial reefs that pro tect the ground from trawling. The OBSEA is placed in measurement is not a simple task to accomplish. The recent front of one of these reefs. Accordingly, we report here only the development of cabled video-observatories implemented with preliminary results of this study consisting of one month video- multiparametric sensors is allowing for the first time, the monitoring at 30 min frequency of the local fish community in continuous and prolonged recording of marine communities' association with environmental fluctuations. In the future this composition in response to different deterministic cycles (e.g. analysis will cover an entire year. Waveform analysis was carried out in order to detect the occurrence of significant daily periodicity day-night) and stochastic perturbations (e.g. storms). in species abu ndance, while time series of community fluctuations In this scenario, the OBSEA video-cabled seafloor were related to environmental parameters (temperature and observatory (www.obsea.es) has been recently deployed [4] pressure at the sea bottom). In both cases particular attention was within a coastal area in the western Mediterranean Sea directed to interacting species such as predators and preys. (Vilanova i la Geltrú - Spain). Accordingly, the aim of this Preliminary results highlight how cabled observatories could contribute to study community's dynamic. Finally, the analysis of study is to report the preliminary results of one month the entire year observations will allow to study changes of the continuous (night and day) video-monitoring at 30 min artificial reef community among different seasons. Moreover, the frequency of the local fish com munity and couple fish visual long term data from OBSEA could permit to evaluate possible counts with environmental fluctuations (i.e. photoperiod, climate changes effects on the local fish community . temperature, and meteorological perturbations). Daily activity rhythms are also investigated with particular attention to interacting species (predators and preys) in order to elucidate I. INTRODUCTION how community changes could be triggered. Animal movement patterns in time and space are fundamental features to understand ecology and to II. MATERIAL AND METHODS design effective conservation and resource management The OBSEA video-cabled seafloor observatory is located strategies [1]. As regard to time, marine species, such as all within a coastal area in front of Vilanova i la Geltrú (Spanis h living organisms, exhibit biological rhythms that respond to Western Mediterranean) at a depth of 20 m (Fig. 1). OBSEA chang es in photoperiod, food availability, temperature, tides, as lays in a sandy area, in which are placed numerous artificial well as to other organisms [2]. Behavioral rhythms are usually reefs that protect the area from trawling. The OBSEA is placed studied at species level, while the resulting community in front of one of these reefs. The platform is endowed with a dynamic, as the result of all interacting species, is still poorly rotating (360°) video camera (Ocean Presence Technologies characterized. Also, mechanisms trough which species interact OPT-06 Underwater IP Camera, OpticCam) with a resolution (e.g. predator prey fluctuations) determining the overall 978-1-4673-5948-1/13/$31.00 ©2013 IEEE III. PRELIMINARY RESULTS A In this study we preliminary present the result of one month video-imaging survey (1-31 January 2012). We inspected a total of 1488 images, acquired during one month. One of the most important constrains was the water turbidity. In poor visibility condition an image could not be used since individuals were nor distinguishable or countable. In Table I we reported the fish faunal list as detected on the artificial reef over one month. Some frames are presented in Fig. 2 as an example of the field of view considered for fish classification and counting. The most representative species were C. chromis followed by D. annularis , S. maena , and O. melanura , all commonly known as gregarious. Other important species at the artificial B C reef belonged to the genus Diplodus ( D. sargus , D. vulgaris , D. cervinus ). The common dentex ( Dentex dentex ) was also observed representing an important predator among all the recognized species. Other species such as Symphodus sp., S. cabrilla , and C. julis were also observed. In Table I "unknown" refers to all individuals that the trained operator was not able to recognize, principally due to a high turbidity of the water. Figure 1. Different point of view of the OBSEA cabled video-observatory. A: lateral point of view, where the circle indicates the position of the video TABLE I camera and the arrow represents the direction in which images can be acquired SPECIES RECOGNIZED BY THE TRAINED OPERATOR DURING A REPRESENTATIVE in relation to the artificial reef (i.e. partially visible on the right side); B: lateral MONTH . TOTAL NUMBER OF COUNTED SPECIES ARE REPORTED TOGETHER WITH view of the OBSEA platform; C: a top view of the OBSEA, in which are NOT RECOGNIZED INDIVIDUALS . visible the artificial reef and the observatory together (the arrow indicates what stated in A). Scientific name Common name total of 640 x 480 pixels. A CTD (Seabird SBE-37SMP) can be used to record the characteristics of the water mass Chromis chromis Damselfish 1586 surrounding the observatory (temperature, salinity, and Diplodus annularis Annular seabream 924 pressure). Spicara maena Blotched picarel 637 The protocol for image acquisition was completely Oblada melanura Saddled seabrea m 471 automated with a sampling frequency of 30 min. Since the video camera can rotates at 360°, the shooting position was Diplodus sargus White seabream 232 determined as fixed and fully including the reef (Fig. 1). For Diplodus vulgaris Two -banded seabream 168 image acquisition during night, OBSEA was equipped with a Scorpaena Black scorpionfish 183 lighting system, which automatically switched on and off 10 s Diplodus cervinus Zebra seabream 66 prior and after the camera shooting. The total power of the Apogon imberbis Cardi nal fish 55 light was 30 W that generated an emission power of 1300 lumens. Trachurus trachurus Horse mackerel 39 Once acquired, all images were visually inspected by a Dentex dentex Common dent ex 17 trained operator in order to classify and count all species Diplodus puntazzo Sharpsnout seabream 7 according to [5]. In case of schooling (many individuals Coris julis Rainbow wrasse 7 together as in the case of Chromis chromis ), we set arbitrarily maxima equal to 100. Waveform analysis was performed using Serranus cabrilla Comber 3 the software el-temps ( www.el-temps.com ) developed by Prof Symphodus melanocercus Wrasse 2 Diez Noguera (University of Barcelona). Only species with a Spondyliosoma cantharus Black seabream 2 number of counts major than 15 was considered, while Symphodus mediterraneus Axillary wrasse 1 unknown species were not analyzed individually, but plotted together with all the community. Sciaena umbra Brown meagre 1 Un known - 860 Total individual counted 5261 Total species recogniz ed 4401 A B 5 A 2,5 0 C D 3 B 2 1 0 2 Figure 2. Some of the species recognized during the one-month video C observation. A: Common dentex ( Dentex dentex ); B: Zebra seabream (Diplodus cervinus ); C: Cardinal fish ( Apogon imberbis ) during a nocturnal image; D: A schooling of Annular seabream ( Diplodus annularis ) with some 1 individuals of White seabream ( Diplodus sargus ). Average numberindividuals of Waveform analysis output plots indicated the occurrence of 0 a diel activity rhythm for all classified and counted species. 0,1 Four representative species of the artificial reef ( Cromis D chromis , Spicara maena , Oblada meanura , and Dentex dentex ) were chose as example of diel fluctuations of counted 0,05 individuals (Fig. 3). We can speculate considering the visual counts of individuals as proxy of their swimming activity. Species exhibited different patterns with a major peak occurring during different hours of the day.
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