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Food Science and Technology Evaluation on Minimum Landing Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 7(sp1): 27-31, 2019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7isp1.27-31.2680 Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology Available online, ISSN: 2148-127X | www.agrifoodscience.com | Turkish Science and Technology Evaluation on Minimum Landing Size Regulations in Turkish Marine Fisheries from Scientific Perspective# Ozan Soykan1,a,* 1Faculty of Fisheries, Ege University, 35040 İzmir, Turkey *Corresponding author A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T #This study was presented as an oral Crucial point of fishery management is to let the fish or other species reproduce at least once during presentation at the 4th International Anatolian Agriculture, Food, their life. Therefore it is very important to determine the length at maturity (Lm) for given species Environment and Biology Congress before the first capture. Focus of this study is to determine the consistency between scientific results (Afyonkarahisar, TARGID 2019) and minimum landing size (MLS) regulations in the marine fishery of Turkey. For this purpose, 4/1 communique on commercial fishery (2016/35) published by the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry was investigated in order to expose the MLS of given species in Turkey. Research Article Literature survey on Lm was also conducted preferably on studies which were performed in Turkish waters or from the Mediterranean basin in order to avoid regional differences. While 86 marine species were reported to be landed in the official fishery statistics, only 49 of them were appointed Received : 17/05/2019 with a MLS in the commercial fisheries regulation. It was determined that MLS of 27 species were Accepted : 22/08/2019 below the Lm according to the selected literature, 7 of them require result on Lm, status of the 2 species couldn’t be decided due to different length types and 13 (27% of the decisions on MLS) of them were found to be in accordance with the scientific literature on Lm. This study shows that MLS regulation must be revised for most of the species in the surrounding waters of Turkey and Keywords: Minimum landing size comprehensive maturity studies are urgently needed in order to fulfill the scientific gap. Length at first reproduction Commercial fishing Marine Fishery Turkey a [email protected] https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2227-1245 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Introduction Sustainability of any type of fishery depends on Total aquatic production of Turkey was 628631 tonnes scientific management of fish stocks. Minimum landing (t) in 2018, with 314094 t corresponding to 50% of the total size (MLS) regulation and size at maturity are two of the production including 86 species (65 fish and 21 crustaceans major components of the management strategy. Size at and molluscs) originating from capture fisheries (TÜİK, maturity (defined here as the length at which 50% of a 2019). Engraulis encrasicholus, Sprattus sprattus, Sardina population become sexually mature for the first time, Lm) pilchardus, Merlangius merlangus euxinus, Trachurus is a key population parameter that is extremely important trachurus, Sarda sarda, Trachurus mediterraneus, Boops in the fisheries management of exploited stocks (Jennings boops, Mugil spp., Mullus surmuletus, Scomber japonicus et al., 2001). On the other hand MLS regulation is one of and Pomatomus saltatrix compose more than 90% of the the most important and most common tool over the world capture production (TÜİK, 2019). MLS regulation is under in fisheries management. Crucial point of fishery the control of Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture management is to let the fish or other species reproduce at and Forestry. Minimum landing size of certain species least once during their life. Therefore it is very important have been mentioned in the 4/1 commercial fishery to determine the length at maturity (Lm) for given species regulations (2016/35). before capture. Soykan / Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 7(sp1): 27-31, 2019 The term “size” refers to total length in fishes, mantle revealed that updated data are required for mullet species. length in cephalopods, carapace length in crustaceans and Regarding the family scombridae, only MLS of Thunnus shell length in bivalves generally. Minimum landing thynnus were found to be over the Lm. Euthynnus weight is also applicable where it is difficult to measure the alletteratus, Scomber scombrus, Scomber japonicus and length like in octopus or where it is more practicable. Sarda sarda were appointed with improper MLS according Although there are studies reporting Lm values of some to literature. MLS of some other high commercials, commercial species in Turkey (Soykan et al., 2010; Metin Pomatomus saltatrix, Dentex dentex, Mullus surmuletus et al., 2011; Soykan et al., 2015a; Soykan et al., 2015b), and Dicentrarchus labrax were also below the scientific accordance between these values and the legislations were limits. Ceyhan et al. (2007) reported the Lm value of not deeply emphasized. As mentioned above, sustainable Pomatomus saltatrix to be 25.4 cm FL. Depending on their exploitation of fish stocks require scientific attitude finding, 26 cm FL or 30 cm TL would be appropriate as especially on the maturity issue in order to make decision MLS. One of the important negative situation belonged to on MLS. The goal of the present study is to determine the Sardina pilchardus, the third important capture fish, with consistency between minimum landing size limits of the improper MLS appointment (Table 1). given species in Turkey and the Lm results of scientific Lm value for Sardina pilchardus was given to be 12.1 studies. This paper is also considered to contribute the cm TL by Akyol et al. (1996) in the Aegean Sea. Tsikliras management of marine fisheries by updating the and Koutrakis (2013) revealed the Lm of Sarina pilchardus knowledge on Lm for given species. as 11.65 cm in the Greek coast of the Aegean Sea and recommended MLS to be 12 cm TL. Comparision of over Material and method mentioned studies showed that 12.5 cm TL MLS would be quite suitable for the species. Boops boops which is Landed and marketed species in the Turkish fishery documented as an industrial species in the fishery statistics were derived from official fishery statistics of Turkey has no MLS. According to Soykan et al. (2015), Lm value (TÜİK, 2018). 4/1 communique on commercial fishery was calculated to be 12.96 cm TL for females. Therefore a (2016/35) published by the Republic of Turkey Ministry of minimum 13 cm TL MLS is recommended for Boops Agriculture and Forestry was investigated in order to boops in the Turkish waters. Although Lm value for expose the MLS of given species in Turkey. Literature Sprattus sprattus was reported to be 9 cm TL in the Black survey with regards to Lm was also conducted preferably Sea (De Silva, 1973), MLS for this species is missing in on studies which were performed in Turkish waters or from Turkish waters. So recommendation on MLS for sprat the Mediterranean basin in order to avoid regional would be no less than 9 cm in Turkey. Status of the rest of differences. A detailed table including MLS, Lm values the species were presented in Table 1. and their references with common and scientific names of During the investigation of the official fishery statistics, the species was presented. Scientific names of the species it was observed that the document exclude scientific names were revised and appointed according to Froese and Pauly of the landed species which brings a difficulty in describing (2019), Mater et al., (2003) and WoRMS (2019). the species. Another deficiency of the mentioned document is the misuse of common names. One of the basic benefits Results and Discussion of this study is considered to be the revision of scientific and common names of the species mentioned in the 86 marine species were reported to be landed in the minimum landing size regulation of Turkey. MLS of Turkish official fishery statistics. On the other hand only missing 37 species (species which were not assigned a 49 of them were appointed with a MLS in the commercial MLS) must urgently be appointed according to scientific fisheries regulation. It was determined that MLS of 27 results in order to make sustainable exploitation of the species were below the length at maturity according to the stocks. Comprehensive studies including stock estimation selected literature, 7 of them require result on Lm, status of and monitoring should especially be focused on Engraulis the 2 species couldn’t be decided due to different length encrasicholus, Sprattus sprattus, Sardina pilchardus, types and 13 (27% of the decisions on MLS) of them were Merlangius merlangus euxinus, Trachurus trachurus, found to be in accordance with the scientific literature on Sarda sarda, Trachurus mediterraneus, Boops boops, LFR. Mugil spp., Mullus surmuletus, Scomber japonicus and Table 1 summarizes the consistency between scientific Pomatomus saltatrix which are the major species of the results on Lm and minimum landing size (MLS) regulations capture production. Among those, missing MLS values for in the marine fishery of Turkey. Merluccius merluccius and Sprattus sprattus and Boops boops must be decided. Solea solea which are highly valuable demersal fishes are Furthermore, Lm values of Sardina pilchardus, Merlangius not well managed. According to projection of this review, merlangus euxinus, Sarda sarda, Trachurus MLS of these species must be over 26 and 23 cm TL mediterraneus, Mullus surmuletus, Scomber japonicus and respectively. Besides that, MLS of Trachurus Pomatomus saltatrix must be updated in the light of mediterraneus which is one of the major pelagic fishes of scientific studies in Turkish waters and after that MLS’s Turkish waters should be increased to 20 cm TL.
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