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Linu Ģenētisko Resursu Rezistence Pret Slimībām - Rezistences Izvērtējums Un Uzlabošanas Metodes

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Linu Ģenētisko Resursu Rezistence Pret Slimībām - Rezistences Izvērtējums Un Uzlabošanas Metodes DAUGAVPILS UNIVERSITĀTE DZĪVĪBAS ZINĀTĽU UN TEHNOLOĢIJU INSTITŪTS Linu ģenētisko resursu rezistence pret slimībām - rezistences izvērtējums un uzlabošanas metodes Promocijas darbs Zinātniskā doktora grāda, zinātnes doktora (Ph.D.) bioloģijā iegūšanai (ekoloģijas apakšnozarē) Promocijas darba autore: Inga Morozova Promocijas darba zinātniskā vadītāja: Asoc. profesore, Dr. biol. Dace Grauda Daugavpils 2020 Promocijas darbs izstrādāts: APP „Agroresursu ekonomikas institūta‖, Laukaugu selekcijas un agroekoloģijas nodaļas, Viļānu daļas izmēģinājumu demonstrējuma laukos un Latvijas Universitātes, Bioloģijas institūta, Vides ģenētikas laboratorijā laika periodā no 2014.- 2019. gadam. Darba raksturs: zinātniskā doktora grāda, zinātnes doktora (Ph.D.) bioloģijā iegūšanai ekoloģijas apakšnozarē Promocijas darba zinātniskais vadītājs: Dr. biol., asoc. prof., Dace Grauda (Latvijas Universitāte, Latvija) Recenzenti: Dr. biol., prof., Inese Kokina (Daugavpils Universitāte, Latvija) Ph.D.,vad.pētnieks, Petras Prakas (Lietuvas Valsts zinātniski pētnieciskā institūta Dabas izpētes centrs, Lietuva) Ph.D., pētnieks, Donatas Šneideris (Lietuvas Valsts zinātniski pētnieciskā institūta Dabas izpētes centrs, Lietuva) Promocijas padomes priekšsēdētājs: Dr. biol., prof. Arvīds Barševskis Promocijas darba aizstāvēšana notiks: Daugavpils Universitātes (DU) Bioloģijas zinātľu nozares promocijas padomes atklātā sēdē tiešsaistē ZOOM platformā, 2020. gada 19. novembrī plkst. 11.00. Ar promocijas darbu un tā kopsavilkumu var iepazīties Daugavpils Universitātes bibliotēkā, Parādes ielā 1, Daugavpilī un https://du.lv/zinatne-un-petnieciba/promocija/aizstavesanai-iesniegtie-promocijas- darbi/ Atsauksmes sūtīt: Promocijas padome, 208. auditorija, Dzīvības zinātľu un tehnoloģiju institūts, Daugavpils Universitāte, Parādes iela 1a, Daugavpils, LV- 5401, e-pasts: [email protected] Promocijas padomes sekretāre: Dr. biol. pētniece Jana Paidere, Daugavpils Universitātes Dzīvības zinātľu un tehnoloģiju institūts. 2 SATURS IEVADS.......................................................................................................................17 1. LITERATŪRAS APSKATS..................................................................................23 1.1. Lini un to nozīme agroekosistēmā.........................................................................23 1.1.1. Linu ģenētisko resursu izcelsme, daudzveidība, izplatība Pasaulē un Latvijā...............................................................................................................23 1.1.2. Linu bioloģiskais raksturojums un to ietekmējošie ekoloģiskie faktori.29 1.1.3. Linu ģenētiskā izpēte..............................................................................37 1.2. Linu slimību izraisītāji...........................................................................................38 1.2.1. Linu slimību izraisītāju izplatība Pasaulē...............................................38 1.2.2. Auga sēľu slimības izraisītāju ekoloģija................................................41 1.2.3. Linu slimības izraisītāju bioloģija un patogenitāte................................43 1.2.3.1. Linu vīte (fuzarioze).........................................................................43 1.2.3.2. Fuzariozā nobrūnēšana.....................................................................46 1.2.3.3. Linu sīkplankumainība (pasmo).......................................................47 1.2.3.4. Linu iedega (antraknoze).................................................................51 1.2.3.5. Miltrasa............................................................................................53 1.2.3.6. Linu brūnēšana (polisporoze)...........................................................55 1.3. Lini kā saimniekauga aizsardzības mehānismi mijiedarbībā ar slimības izraisītājiem.............................................................................................................57 1.4. Plūsmas citometrijas metodes izmantošanas iespējas augu patoloģijā..................61 2. MATERIĀLI UN METODIKA...........................................................................63 2.1. Pētījuma vietas un apstākļu apraksts.....................................................................63 2.2. Pētījuma saturs un apjoms.....................................................................................64 2.2.1. Linu izmēģinājuma shēma...................................................................64 2.2.2. Izmēģinājuma apjoms..........................................................................64 2.2.3. Izmēģinājuma ierīkošana.....................................................................64 2.2.4. Sējumu kopšana...................................................................................65 2.2.5. Veiktās uzskaites un iegūtie raţas dati.................................................65 2.2.5.1. Linu genotipu izturības noteikšana pret sēľu slimībām.................65 2.2.5.2. Linu genotipu izturības noteikšana pret veldrēšanos.....................67 2.2.5.3. Fenoloģiskie novērojumi................................................................67 2.3. Meteoroloģisko datu novērtējums.........................................................................69 2.4. Datu analīze un statistiskā apstrāde.......................................................................69 3 2.5. Plūsmas citometrijas metode invazīvu šūnu noteikšanai linu lapās......................69 3. REZULTĀTI..........................................................................................................72 3.1. Linu ģenētisko resursu saimnieciski derīgo īpašību izvērtējums..........................72 3.2. Agrometeoroloģisko apstākļu raksturojums un to saistība ar linu genotipu raţas rādītājiem.................................................................................................................74 3.3.Linu ģenētisko resursu populācijas rezistence pret slimību izraisītājiem ontoģenēzes laikā....................................................................................................78 3.3.1. Linu vītes (fuzariozes) izplatības novērojumi linu veģetācijas periodā..................................................................................................79 3.3.2. Fuzariozās nobrūnēšanas izplatības novērojumi linu veģetācijas periodā..................................................................................................82 3.3.3. Linu sīkplankumainības (pasmo) izplatības novērojumi linu veģetācijas periodā..................................................................................................83 3.3.4. Linu iedegas (antraknozes) izplatības novērojumi linu veģetācijas periodā..................................................................................................85 3.3.5. Miltrasas izplatības novērojumi linu veģetācijas periodā....................87 3.3.6. Linu brūnēšanas (polisporozes) izplatības novērojumi linu veģetācijas periodā..................................................................................................88 3.4. Linu ģenētisko resursu rezistences izvērtējums pret linu slimībām......................90 3.4.1. Linu genotipu augu fenotipiskais novērtējums....................................90 3.4.2. Agroekoloģisko faktoru ietekme uz genotipu rezistenci.....................93 3.4.3. Linu genotipu sēklu fenotipiskais novērtējums...................................95 3.5. Linu ģenētisko resursu produktivitātes un rezistences novērtējums pret slimībām.................................................................................................................98 3.6. Linu slimību izraisītāju analīze ar plūsmas citrometru........................................100 4. DISKUSIJA..........................................................................................................107 4.1. Linu ģenētisko resursu genotipiskā variācija......................................................107 4.2. Abiotisko faktoru ietekme uz linu genotipu raţas potenciālu.............................109 4.3. Linu populācijas rezistence pret slimību izraisītājiem ontoģenēzes laikā...........111 4.4. Linu ģenētisko resursu rezistence pret sēľu slimību izraisītājiem un to atkarība no agroekoloģiskiem faktoriem.......................................................................................113 4.5. Linu slimību izraisītāju noteikšana ar plūsmas citometru...................................119 SECINĀJUMI...........................................................................................................121 LITERATŪRAS SARAKSTS.................................................................................123 4 KOPSAVILKUMS Darbā pētītas Latvijas linu ģenētisko resursu genotipu fenotipiskās un genotipiskās izpausmes mijiedarbībā ar ekoloģiskiem faktoriem. Darbā izvērtēta linu adaptācija pret ekoloģiskiem faktoriem, kā abiotiskiem un biotiskiem, kas nozīmīgi ietekmē to saimniecisko īpašību stabilitāti. Vērtētas linu genotipu variācijas izpausmes mijiedarbībā ar abiotiskiem faktoriem. Konstatētas sekojošas raţu veidojošo pazīmju izmaiľas saistībā ar augšanas apstākļu izmaiľām: augstāka salmiľu raţa, auga kopējais garums, tehniskais garums, pogaļu skaits uz viena auga un eļļas saturs mitrākos veģetācijas periodos, bet augstāka sēklu raţa, sēklu skaitu pogaļā, 1000 sēklu masa un rezistence pret veldri sausākos veģetācijas periodos. Tomēr korelācija starp lūksnes saturu un hidrotermālo koeficientu nav viennozīmīga, tie variē atkarībā no genotipa. Konstatēta un analizēta
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