FIELDIANA
Zoology NEW SERIES, NO. 6S
The Birds of Cerro de la Neblina, Territorio Federal Amazonas, Venezuela
David E. Willard' Mercedes S. Foster' George F. Barrowclough' Robert W. Dickerman' Peter F. Cannell'·' Sadie L. Coats't Joel L. Cracraft'> John P. O'Neill'
I Division of Birds, Field Museum of Natural History. Roosevelt Road at Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605 'National Ecology Research Center, Fish and Wildlife Service, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C. 20560 'Department a/Ornithology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York 10014 • Division a/Birds, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian tnsutuuon, Washington, D.C. 10560 , Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University 0/ Illinois. Chicago, Illinois 60680 • Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 t Deceased,
Accepted March 4, 1991 Published October 31. 1991 Publication 1429
PUBUSHED BY FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ;
Table of Contents List of Tables
INTRODUCTION 2 I. Widespread species new from Neblina THE MOUNTAIN 2 lowlands 66 Description ...... 2 2. Lowland species filling artificial range History of OrnithologicalExploration 2 gaps .. . 66 The 1984-1985 Expedition . 4 3. Western tepui species new to Neblina, SPECIES ACCOUNTS . • . • . . • . • . . • . • . 8 with closest published locality 67 Conventions ...... 8 4. Resident forest species totals, by family/ Accounts to subfamily, for five lowland Amazonian D~IDN 63 sites 68 Molt 63 5. Mt. Duida species not recorded from Gonadal Data 63 Neblina 68 Range Extensions .. 65 Comparisons with Other Avifaunas .... 67 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...... 69 LITERATURE CITED 70 List of Appendices
1. Collections of birds from Cerro de la List of Illustrations Neblina ...... 71 2. Specimens of birds from San Carlos de Rio Negro and Santa Lucia taken on the l. The Pantepui area of Venezuela 3 current expedition 77 2. Neblina massif rising from surrounding 3. Major tepui montane avifaunas . 79 lowlands . . 4 3. Central canyon (Cafion Grande) of Nebli- oa . . 5 4. Stream-edge forest, 1730 m, Camp vn 6 5. Forest on ridge, 1515 rn, Camp XI. 7 6. Bog vegetation at 2100 m, Camp II 8 7. Topography of Cerro de 1a Neblina, with location of camps 9 8. Patterns ofmoIt 64 9. Patterns of gonadal development 65 10. Comparison of Andean and Neblina montane avifaunas 69
© 1991 Field Museum of Natural H· t Lib is cry I rary of Congress Catalog Card Number: 91-72795 ISSN 0015.0754 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA iii ------=1 .....------
The Birds of Cerro de la Neblina, Territorio Federal Amazonas, Venezuela
David E. Willard Mercedes S. Foster George F. Barrowclough Robert W. Dickerman Peter F. Cannell Sadie L. Coats Joel L. Cracraft John P. O'Neill
Abstract
From January through April 1984 and from December 1984 through March 1985, we sur- veyed the avifauna of Cerro de la Neblina, Territorio Federal Amazonas, Venezuela. We collected and/or observed 310 species of birds from the slopes of the mountain and from the surrounding lowlands. Of these, 61 were found primarily above 750 m. With the addition of four species found on previous expeditions but not on ours, the currently known montane (restricted to 750 m and above) avifauna of Neblina stands at 65 species. The assessment of the lowland avifauna was less complete than at higher elevations. We documented 264 species below 350 rn. A Dumber of species in both lowlands and highlands represent range extensions. The lowland species totals fall between those of sites in western and northern Amazonia. The montane fauna is smaller than those of several eastern tepuis, and dramatically smaller than those at similar elevations in the Andes. Analyses of molt and reproductive data indicate a gradual decline in wing and tail molt from December through April in both lowlands and highlands; reproductive activity declined over the same period in the highlands, while remaining fairly constant in the lowlands.
Abstracto
Se biro un estudio de la avifauna del Cerro de la Neblina, Territorio Federal Amazonas, Venezuela, durante los meses de enero hasta abril de 1984 y desde diciembre 1984 basta marzo 1985. Se colectaron y/o se observaron 310 especies de aves en las laderas de las montaftas y en las tierras bajas cercanas. De estas, 61 fueron encontradas a mas de 750 m de altura. Con otras cuatro especies que fueron encontradas en un expedicien anterior pero no en Ia nuestra, el numero de aves conocidas (restringidas a mas de 750 m de altura) de la montana de Neblina cuenta con 65 especies. La estimacicn de la avifauna de las tierras bajas fue mas incompleta que en la de la elevacicn mas alta. Se documentaron 264 especies debajo de 350 m. Algunas especies que se encuentran en la parte baja y en la rnontaiiosa representan extensiones de su distribuci6n. EI total de las especies de la zona baja cee entre el de la parte occidental y el de la parte norte de Amazonia. La fauna montana es mas pequeiia que en varios de los tepuis de la parte este, y dramaticamente mucho mas baja que en elevaciones similares en los Andes. EI analisis de la muda y datos reproductivos indican un declive gradual en la muda de las alas y la cola de diciembre an abril en la zona baja y montaiiosa; la actividad reproductiva tarnbien decee durante el mismo periodo en la zona montaiiosa, mientras que permanece bastante constante en la zona baja.
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, N.S., NO. 65, OCTOBER 31,1991, PP. 1-80 , " Introduction The Mountain
The tableland mountains or tepuis of the Gui- Description ana Highlands stretch from the Venezuela/Guy- .>L/ ana border across most ofYenezuela south of the Cerro de la Neblina is a horseshoe-shaped ridge divided by a deep central canyon (fig. 3) that drains Rio Orinoco. Through this area, more than 30 .~ peaks reach elevations higher than 1000 m. As most of the mountain. The Neblina massif is ap- isolated islands of subtropical forest, these moun- proximately 80 km long and 40 km wide at its tains support a flora and fauna rich in endemic widest (Maguire and Wurdack, 1959), with the forms, and are of particular biogeographical in- summit encompassing an area of about 600 km' terest. Basic knowledge of this flora and fauna is (Mayr and Phelps, 1967). Neblina is characterized essential to any understanding of its origin and by extremely sheer cliffs rising from the lowlands. x evolution. At elevations from 1000 to 2500 m. plateaus and Cerro de Ia Neblina, Territorio Federal Ama- moderate to steep slopes support both forest (figs. zonas, Venezuela, was not discovered until 1953 4,5) and bog vegetation (fig. 6), described by Ma- (Maguire, 1955). It is located on the Venezuela/ guire and Wurdack (1959) as the most diverse Brazil border in the southwestern comer of the found in the tepuis. Above 2500 m, the rocky "Pantepui" (this tenn was coined by Mayr and slopes are so precipitous thai they support little Phelps [1967] to encompass the area occupied by substantial vegetation. the tepuis). Tepuis occur in eastern and western Cerro de la Neblina is located at approximately clusters; Cerro de la Neblina is a fairly isolated 00050'N, 66"00'W (Maguire, 1955; Maguire and outlier of the western group (fig. 1). Neblina is a Wurdack, 1959). To the east, it is connected by a highly eroded massif arising from the surrounding corridor of high elevation (1000 m) to the Sierras lowlands (fig. 2). Three of its peaks exceed 2500 Tapirapeco and Curupira along the Brazilian bor- m, and Pico Phelps at 3045 m is the highest point der. This group of peaks is 350 km south of the in South America outside of the Andes. As the nearest other major tepui. Cerro Duida. highest and one of the most isolated ofthe tepuis, Cerro de la Neblina has great potential for a unique flora and fauna. History of Ornithological Exploration With this potential in mind, the Venezuelan Fundaci6n para el Desarrollo de las Ciencias Fi- In 1954, the year after the discovery of Cerro sicas, Maternaticas y Naturales sponsored a mul- de la Neblina, William H. Phelps, Jr., Kathleen tidisciplinary study of this tepui. Charles Brewer- Deery de Phelps, and Ramon Urbano made the Carias (Expedition Leader) from the Fundaci6n first survey of birds on this mountain. From 19 Roy McDiarmid of the U.S. Fish and Wildlif~ January to 2 February, they worked on the ridge - '. I;..; Service, Charles W. Myers of the American Mu- at 1850 to 1900 m on the northeastern edge of seum of Natural History, and James Luteyn of the Neblina, and on the lower slopes to the northeast. FIG. I. The Pantepui, with Cerro de la N bli ' e Ina deSJ.gnated with an arrow (from Mayr and Phelps, 1967). 2 WILLARD ET AL.: BIRDS OF CERRO DE LA NEBLINA 3 FIELDIANA: ZOOLO(W Flo. 2. Neblina massif rising from surrounding lowlands. the Brazilian slope of Pico Zuloaga at 1500 m and through early March 1985. we surveyed the avi- from 2350 to 2475 m near the summit. G. Perez, fauna of Cerro de la Neblina by observation and in October 1970, worked from 2000 to 2300 m through collections made with shotguns and mist on the north side ofPico Zuloaga. He collected 28 nets. Helicopters provided access to camps at up- specimens of II species. The final ornithological per elevations. A trail system several kilometerS exploration prior to our expedition was in No- in extent provided access to various lowland ~b- vember and December 1970. Francisco Caldas itats, including river-edge bamboo, seasonally m- collected 149 specimens of 50 species, a few from undated floodplain forest, upland forest, and both 500 to 600 m in the Brazilian lowlands and the black- and white-water streams. Mist nets were rest from 1300 to 2000 m on the Brazilian slopes. run virtually continually at all camps, but ~USC Phelps (1972) and Phelps and Aveledo (1966) re- of scheduling and mechanical problems With hel- ported on specimens from these collections that icopters, and dilferentia1 manpower, coverage was represented new records for Brazil. Otherwise, re- not equal at all camps. Becauseofthis, and becaUSC sults of these last collections are unpublished. the mist-netting techniques of the various W?rkel'S The 680 specimens from Neblina collected prior dilfered, we made no attempt to analyze mist-net to our expedition are mostly housed in the Colee- captures quantitatively. cion OrnitolOgica Phelps in Caracas, with smaller The following is a description of the areas sur- numbers at theAmerican Museum of Natura! His- veyed and a summary of OUT itineraries. The!o- tory and the U.S. National Museum in Washing~ calities mapped in figure 7. The ~ite dCSCl1i ton. They represent 89 species. Of these, II from are tions are adapted from those provided by . the Caldas collection were collected only below McDiarmid (in Iitt.; for more detailed descnp- 600 m, leaving 78 species collected from 900 m and above. Six of the latter are migrants from tions, see Brewer-Caries, 1988). North America that winter broadly across north- ern South America, and 25 are widespread low- land forms whose raDgesextend up the slopes. This Base Camp-140 m: left bank of the Rio Daria. leaves a total of 47 primarily montane species Ii.e., Tall seasonal rain forest drained by both black- distributed only above 900 m) recorded from Cer- and white-water streams. From this camp we ro de la Neb1ina prior to our eXpedition. had walking access up to 350 m. FIG. 3. Central canyon (Caiion Grande) ofNeblina. Barrowclough (GB): 25-28 Nov., 4 Dec. 1984 The 1984--1985 Expedition Cannell (pc): 25-28 Nov., 4 Dec. 1984 4 From February to early May and late November Coats (SC): 7-15 Feb., 18 Feb.-12 Mar. 198 to early December 1984, and from late January Cracraft (IC): 10-11 Apr., 15 Apr .• 19 Apr·- 9 May 1984 J 4 WILLARD ET AL.: BIRDS OF CERRO DE LA NEBLINA 5 F1ELDIANk ZOOLOGy J Fio. 4. Stream-edgeforest, 1730 m, Camp VII. Dickerman (RD): 20-21 Mar., 25 Mar.-10 meliad) scrub forest on ridges; dense cloud forest Apr. 1984 in lower elevations and valleys. Foster(MF): 5-16 Feb., 26 Feb.-12Mar. 1984 O'Neill (10): 25-28 Ian., 14-25 Feb. 1985 O'Neill, Willard: 26 Feb.-I Mar. 1985 Willard(DW): 14 Mar., 21 Mar.-IOApr., 15- 18 Apr. 1984; 25-28 Ian., 14-25 Feb. 1985 Day Trlp-l600 m; 6.5 km SSWBase Camp. Dickerman, Cracraft: 18 Apr. 1984 Camp IV - 740 m; left bank of the Rio Daria in the Canon Grande, bisecting Cerro de Ia Ne- bIina. Steep slopes innarrow canyon. Trees short Camp VD-I730-1850 m; 5 km NEPico Phelps. and sapling-like with few greater than 10m high Ooud forest along stream edge, climbing steePly probably owing to the steep drainage. ' to dense stands of terrestrial bromeliads (BrQC- Willard: 16-20 Mar. 1984 chinia) on rock outcrops. Barrowclough, Cannell: 29 Nov.-3 Dec. 1984 Camp V-1250 m; at base ofPico Maguire A O'Neill, Willard: 30 Jan.-I 3 Feb. 1985 hanging valley in dense cloud forest with mod; erately tall trees, and rocky forest floor covered with thick moss. C~p 1-1820-1880 m; on northwest PIate8~ Pitcher plant (Heliamphora) savannas, an Dickerman: 22-24 Mar. 1984 ridges supporting an endemic small tree (Neb- Flo. 5. Forest on ridge, ISIS m, Camp XI. Willard; 23-24 Mar., 11-14 Apr. 1984 linaria). Cracraft: 11-14 Apr. 1984 Coats: 16-18 Feb. 1984 Camp XI-13.90-1515 m; 6.2 k:m. NNE Pico Phelps. Tylena-Brocchinia (a terrestriaJ. bro- 6 WILlARD ET AL.: BIRDS OF CERRO DE LA NEBLINA 7 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGy ~ 00 00 0 e, -Ii ~ " ~ ..a ~ • a~ ~B 0 0 0 '0 ~ ,• " dwarf cloud forest dominated by a small shrub- our observation., document a total of310blina and ~ • by tree (Bonnetia). ~ ~ from the slopes of Cerr~ de 1a N:'thCSC •, ~ Dickerman: 14-17 Apr. 1984 surrounding lowlands. Eighty·two . ftb* 0 ... were encountered above 750 m. Five 0 • • -lI Camp m; 3 k:m NE Pico I U-2085-2100 Phelps. migrants from North America or the West 0 ; g Pitcher Plant (Heliamphora) bogs; gallery forest and an additional 19 have widespread . , 1l along small stream. and slopes of shrubby Bon- ranaes tbatextendup the slopesofthe~ ! , " .j '0 nata forest. es 0 ~ we founda total of 58 species tha~were 1ilt-: • ~ tiooal , ~ Foster: 17-25 Feb. 1984 montane delined as having lower eva , I , .., Dickerman: 16-20 Mar. 1984 its at 750 m or above. ~ Cracraft: 15-17 Apr. 1984 'r I' O'Neill: I Feb. 1985 ~ £ Santa Lada and s... CarIos-120 m; small set- tlements along the Rio Negro. Dominated by Species Accounts i second growth and cultivated land, but tall for- est on sandy soil on the outskirts of San Carlos. Conventions \ Coats (Santa Lucia): 4-5 Feb. 1984 '\ Dickerman, Willard (San Carlos): 5--12 Mar. In the species accounts, the foUoWiDS. con-<;~ 1984 tions are adopted.: Cmaaft (Son Carl",): 12 May 1984 , co I. An asterisk (*) s~es a=:. . We collected a total of 2,150 specimens repre- prlmarity montane, r.e., /1\I .\ senting 259 species. These collections, along with above 750 m. defined as. .' 2. Gonadal development is • 8 WILLARDET AL ..' BIRDS OF CERRO DE LA NEBUNA 9 FIELDIANA: W, Largest ovum: zonas is taken from Phelps and Phelps (1958, Podilymbus podiceps Cochlearius cochiearius WILLARD ET AL.: BIRDS OF CERRO DE LA NEBLINA II IO FlELDlANA: ZOOLOGY of the way between Santa Lucia and the Base Feb. 1984 (SC); a second observed flying above Daptrius americanus Aburria pipile Camp, over 140·m lowlands, on 4 Feb. 1984. forest in main river canyon above 750 m, Mar. Red-throated Caracara Blue-throated Piping-Guan They were clearly recognized by their bright 1984 (DW). Identified by large size, uniformly SPECIMENS-2 (140 m). scarlet plumage and their slender, down-curved black plumage, and proportionately broad wings SpECIMENs-13 (140 m). WElGHT-665 g (I 2); 390 g (l unsexed). bills. The species has not previously been re- and short tail with central white tail band. Spe- WEIGHT-2.5&, .e = 1,325 g (1,300, 1,350 g); IRiS-Red. 6 'i'2,x = 1,159g(SD= 117.0; range 970-1,270 corded from Amazonas. cies was previously known in Venezuela only from the Coastal Range in Aragua and Cera- FACIALSKIN AND BARETHROAT-Red. g). bobo. M. Lentine (pers. comm.) reports that it BILL- Yellow with blue base. IRIS- Reddish brown. Cathartes melambrotus is also regularly seen at Colonia Tovar in Die- TARSus-Orange-red. BILL- Black with pinkish base, blue around Greater Yellow-headed Vulture trito Federal, Guatapc in Miranda, and in the GoNADS-Moderate-Mar. (I 2). nares. MOLT-None on early Mar. specimen. FACIALSKIN-Bluish white. Sight records only (SC, RD, JO, DW). Reg- Gran Sabana of Bolivar. FOOD-Fruit and insects, including ants (SC) GULARPATCI-I-Slaty purple. ularly flying overhead at Base Camp. in one stomach. TARSUS-Rose. Regularly seen and heard calling in lowland GONADS-Large- Feb. (5 22), Apr. (I 2); mod- erate-Jan. (I 0). Sarcoramphus papa "Geraneeetus melanoleucus forest up to 350 m. King Vulture Black-chested Buzzard-Eagle MOLT- Wing and body molt in one late Feb. specimen. Sight record only (JC). Vicinity of Base Camp. Sight record only (DW). One adult observed FOOD-Snails in four stomachs; palm fruits soaring high overhead from about 1900 m, Feb. Micrastur gilvicoUis in three; figs in one. 1985, in area bounded by high sheer cliffs. Iden- Lined Forest-Falcon Leptedon cayanensis Common in treetops of forest at 140 m: usu- tified by large size, dark chest contrasting with Gray-headed Kite SPECIMENS-I (140 m). ally in groups of five or six both at river edge gray underparts, and very short wedge-shaped WEIGHT-BI g (l 2). and in upland forest. Sight record only (DW). Immature observed tail. Previously known in Venezuela only from IRIs- White. soaring over lowland forest near Base Camp at the Andes of Merida. ORBITALSKIN-Orange. 140 m, Apr. 1984. Identified by size, black crown BILL- Black. Crax tomentosa patch on otherwise white head, and pale lores, CERE-Orange. Lesser Razor-billed Curassow separating it from the black-Iored Black and TARSus-Yellow. White Hawk-Eagle, Spizastur melanoleucus. SPECIMENs-12 (140 m). Buteo platypterus GoNADS-Moderate-Apr. (1 2). Previous records for Amazonas only along Rios Broad-winged Hawk WEIGHT-4oo, x = 2,875 g(SD = 193.6; range Ventuari and Orinoco at Las Cannelitas and the Specimen, taken in forest, constitutes the only 2,600-3,050 g); 4 22, .e = 2,250 g (SD = 195.8; vicinity of Cerro Yapacana, butM.lentino(pers. SPECIMENS-1 (1800 m). record. range 2,000-2,450 g). comm.) observed it twice in 1987 at 1350 m on Migrant from North America, seen regularly IRIS-Dark brown. Cerro Aracamuni, about 125 kID north of Neb- at 1400 m and 1800 m, Dec. through Feb., scar- BILL- Red; some individuals with whitish tip. lina. TARSus-Orange-yellow to dull orange. ing overhead (JO, DW). Falco rufigularis Bat Falcon GoNADS-Large-Feb. (12, 4 00), Mar. (I 0), Apr. (I 2). Elanoides for:6.catus Sight records only (JO, DW). Observed oc- MOLT-Wing and tail molt noted in single Swallow-tailed Kite Buteo brachyurus casionally at dusk over river and heliport clear- specimens from late Nov., mid-Feb., and early Sight records only, at 140 m in Mar. 1984 Short-tailed Hawk ing at 140 m, Jan.c-Feb. 1985. Mar.; general body molt in one additional mid- (Mf) and at 1600 m in Apr. 1984 (jC, RD). Feb. specimen. Sight records only (JO). Light-phase individ- These records are the first for Amazonas. uals observed several times at 1400 and 1850 Regularly seen alone or in pairs at 140 m on Penelope jacquacD the ground in forest in the vicinityofBase Camp. m soaring over open vegetation. These and the Spix's Guan Leucopternis albicollis single specimen collected on the Phelps 1954 White Hawk expedition (Phelps and Phelps, 1965) constitute SPECIMENS-I (140 m); I (1800 m). the only records for Amazonas. WEiGHT-I,loo g (I d). Crax alector Not recorded on the current trip, but collected IRIS- Brown. Black Curassow by Cajdas (unpubl.) at 400 m on the Brazilian GULARPATCI-I-Orange-red. SPECIMENS-5 (140 m); for two of the five, side in Jan. 1971. FACIALSKIN-Slate. only crops were saved. Spizaetus ornatus TARSUS- Rose-red. WEIGHT-X = 2,788.0 g (N = 5; SD = 435.6; Ornate Hawk-Eagle GoNADS-Large-Feb. (I d). ·Harpyhaliaetus solitarius range 2,440--3,400 g). Solitary Eagle Sight record only (Je). Single individ~ s~ Heard and seen regularly in forest at 1800 m; IRIS-Dark brown to reddish brown. tied. while feeding on a tinamou on a trail at ~ either rare or very inconspicuous in lowlands, BILL-Pale blue. Sight records only. One individual observed m. Previously known only south to cen where the specimen constitutes the only record. CERE-Bright yellow. from helicopter over forest near Base Camp in Amazonas in Venezuela. WILLARD ET AL.: BIRDS OF CERRO DE LA NEBUNA 12 13 FIELDlANAo ZOOLOGY TARSUS-Gray-blue. Actitis rnacularia Geotrygon montana \\/EIGHT-.\ = 67.9 g (N = 5: SD '" 1.9: range GoNADS-Large-Feb. (I d). Spotted Sandpiper Ruddy Quail-Dove 66.D-70.5 g). MOlT- Wing and tail molt, body molt, and IRis-Brown. SPEOMENS-5 (140 m). no molt in three late Feb. specimens; no molt SPECIMENS-8 (140 m); 1 (1250 mj. ORIlITALSKlN-\\'hite. WEIGHT-41.2 g (I ~); 39.9 g (l d). in one early Dec. specimen. WEIGHT~X = 105.5 g (N = 6: SD = 8.9: range BILL-Pale hom to gray; some individuals with FOOD-Seeds in one crop. IRIs- Dark brown. 89-114 g). white centrally on mandible. BILL- Dark to medium brown. IRIS-Amber. Occasionally seen, usually in groups of five or TARSl"S- Black to dark gray. TARSUS-Brownish yellow. ORBITALSKIN- Rose. Goxxos-c Largc-c Mar. (I s, 10): small-Feb. six individuals, on the ground and in lower GoNADS-Small-Feb. (I d), Apr. (12). BILL-Red with pink tip. branches of trees. Ranged to at least 350 m in (I 0). MOLT-Body molt in early Apr. specimen. TARsus-Rose. Mot r c-Wing and tail molt noted in three elevation. Apparently much less common than GONADS-Large-Jan. (1 :5), Apr. (19). specimens from late Feb. and early Mar.: body tomentosa. The 1954 Phelps expedition col- Migrant from North America, common alOIl& molt in four of five specimens from this period. lected one at 900 m (phelps and Phelps, 1965). Rio Haria up to 750 m, Jan.-Apr. Common. particularly in floodplain forest. in lowlands at 140 m. The specimen at 1250 m Foonc-Ground seeds of COllIS(lP0(l (Mora- constituted the only record at upper elevations. ceaej in one stomach (MF). *Columba fasciata Fairly common in flocks in floodplain and Odootophorus gujanensis upland forest of the lowlands (SC). Band-tailed Pigeon Marbled Wood-Quail An ararauoa Sight records only (GB, JO, OW). One flock Blue-and-yellow Macaw vocal record only (DW). Heard calling from observed at 1250 m in Apr.; regularly seen in forest below 1400-m camp in Feb. 1985. The Sight records only (SC. JC. DW). Occasionally ·:"Oaonopsittaca panychlora late Nov. and Feb. at 1800 m in trees and in 1954 Phelps expedition collected one at 1500 observed flying overhead at 140 m: several times TepUi Parrotlet large flocks overhead. Not recorded previously m (Phelps and Phelps, 1965). from helicopter on trip between Santa Lucia and in Amazonas south of Cerro Duida. SPEClME"S- 6 (140 m). Base Camp. Previously recorded quite locally in Amazonas: the closest records are from the WEIGHT-.\' '" 44.4 g (N '" 6: SD = 2.1. range 42.CI-46.5 g). headwaters of the Rio Siapa to the east. where IRIS- Brown. Opisthocomus homo Columba subvinacea M. Lentino (pets. comm.) reports it as common. BILL-Gray: mandible with pale base Hoatzin Ruddy Pigeon TARSI'S- Flesh. Sight record only (MF). Group of four or five SpECIMENs-I (140 m). Gov.cos-c Largcc-Mar. (l i.::' on in forest canopy nea: Rio Baria at Base Camp, WEIGlIT-I03 g (I juv.). Ara macae Mot.r c-Hcavv wing. tail. and body molt in II Feb. 1984. IdentIfied by large size and dis- IRIS-OIive-brown. Scarlet Macaw one and light body molt m a second carf Mar tinctive ~ilhouette with irregular, wispy crest. specimen: no molt. but extremely worn plumage ORBITALSKIN-Dark brownish gray. Sight records only (D\V). Occasionally ob- The species has been recorded previously south in the remaining specimens. all also collected in BILL- Black. served at 140 m flying overhead through much of Amazonas, but not along the TARSUS-Gray with red undertones. early Mar. Brazilian border. MOLT- Wing and body molt in the singleear- All specimens and stghungs from 4 .\-1ar. 14S4 Iy Mar. juvenile. An chloroptera in a fruiting tree. Prcvtousf y known In Ama- zonas onl~ from 'X'In Illes of Ccrrcs Marahuaca Regularly heard calling in forest to 350 JIl. Red-and-green Macaw Psophia crepitus and Durda. Although 11is usually found a t mid- The single specimen was a juvenile. Gray-winged Trumpeter SPEOMENS-2 (140 m). to upper clcvauons in the tcpur-, and IScon vid- WEIGHT-.\ '" 1.300 g (S idcnucal ercd a Pantcpur endemic hv \layr and Phelps m). SPECIMENs_5(140 weights). 1196"'1. low land sighting, of the SpeCiCS are not WElOHT_X = 1,023.6 g (N = 5' SD = 63 3' Leptotila rufaxilla IRIs-Straw yellow uncommon (e Par-n sh. pen. comm L range 965-1,100 g); I d, 1,045 g; is 999 • .' j Gray-fronted Dove Bn.r.c-Ivory-whitc and black unsexed. ' , T ARSCS- Black IRIS- Dark brown. SPECIMENS_4 (140 m). GoNADS-Large- Feb, (I ~l WEIGHT-X = 171 g(N =4;SO= 13.64;raD# Pionites melanoce-phala Blu- Black with green gonys to totally apple ""'0. 159-188 g). Observed regularly from l4(J to lSO() m flYing Black-headed Parrot IRIS-YeIlow-brown. overhead. Additional sight record at .: I 1)( ) m TARSUS-Green to greenish white. SPH 1'.1£"-:- I 14f1 mi. BILL_ Black. (MF). GoNADS-l...arge_Feb. (I ~,I d). W!:.h,tlT-\ = ISO g 1'-,: = .~:SDo ~,(j:range TAIU;US-Rose-red. MOLT-Body molt noted in 1w . 14:-15f1gl. from late Feb. and early Mar. 0 SpecImens GoNADS-Large-Apr. (I 0). Pyrrhura melanura IRI,,-Brown to ~ellow to orange FOOD-Seeds 2 cm long in one stoJ]1llCh· BIll - Black Single individuals and Maroon-tailed Parakeet · boo t _...l .... of RiO forest oflowlands partieul~U~ up to eight in Farrly common in bam a ~ oee T"ltSl's-Black est. ,ar y m floodplain for_ Baria. The 1954 Phelps expedition collected SJ'E(lME:-';S-5 (140 mI. \-tln T- WlOg. tail. and bod~.wlOg imd bod~. at 1450 m (Phelps and Phelps, 1965). 14 WILLARD ET AL: BIRDS OF CERRO DE LA 'EBU'·\ " ¥ and heavy body molt noted on the three early FOOD-Large katydids and caterpillarsinone Pulsatrix perspicillata MOLT-Wing molt in early Dec. specimen; Mar. specimens. stomach. Spectacled Owl body molt in early Apr. specimen. Regularlyheard, less frequently seen through- Fairly common in subcanopy oflowland for· Vocal records only (SC, JO, OW). In Feb. and Three mist-netted over stream at 1800 m, one out lowland forest at 140 m. est. Mar. 1984 heard calling nightly in river-edge netted over Rio Daria at 140 m, all at night. forest, where a pair had a territory that induded Caves that could supply potential nesting sites Base Camp. Occasionally heard calling through were noted in the cliff faces above the 18oo-m Pionus meustruus *Otus guatemalae camp. The closest published records are from same months in 1985 (tape on deposit at LSUMZ). Blue-headed Parrot Vermiculated Screech-Owl Cerro Duida (Bosque, 1986). M. Lentine (pers. comm.) collected it on Cerro Aracamuni. 125 Sight records only (lO, OW). Regularly seen Not recorded on the current trip, but collected ·Glaucidium brasilianum km to the north of Neblina. Our specimens rep- at Base Camp at 140 m flying overhead. in forest at 1800 m in 1954 (Phelps and Phelps, 1965). Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl resent the southernmost records in South Amer- ica outside of the Andes. Oilbirds have also been Vocal records only (jC, OW). Heard from open Amazona ochrocephala recorded from the eastern Cerros Roraima. Sa- *Oms choliba forest below camp at 1400 m in Mar. 1985. risarinama. and Urutani (Dickerman and Phelps. Yellow-headed Parrot Although this species is widespread through Tropical Screech-Owl 1982). much oflowland Amazonia, in the tepuis it ap- Sight records only (10). Heard occasionally pears to be restricted to midelevations. fr.omforest in vicinity of Base Camp. Not pre- SPECIMENS-3(1800 m); 1(2100 m). Nyctlblus griseus viously recorded in southern Amazonas. WEIGHT-X = 111.0 g (N = 3; SD = 5.6;raDBC Common Potoo 106--117 g). • Aegolius barrisii SPECIMENS-I (140 m). Iars-c-Golden yellow. Buff-fronted Owl Amazona amazonica BILL-Grayish green. WEIGHT-132 g(1 unsexcd). Orange-winged Parrot TARSus-Grayish flesh. SPEOMENS-2 (1800 m). Iars c-Red-brown. GONADS-Small-Feb. (2 td). WEIGHT-2 ~, X = 136.0 g (124. 148 g). BILL- Black with brown base. Sightrecords only (OW).Occasional sightings MOLT-Body molt in single specimens from IRis-Greenish yellow to amber. TARSUS-Whitish gray. near Base Camp at 140 m. early Feb. and mid-Mar. BILL- Maxilla blackish with gray-green to MOLT-Moderate body molt in the one Feb. Pooo-. Insect parts in two stomachs, identi· pinkish culmen; mandible gray-green to pink- specimen. ish. fied as roaches in one. Specimen was taken from a tree branch over Deroptyus acclpltrfnus TARSus-Yellowish pink to fleshy white. water on Rio Daria: species was heard calling Red-fan Parrot Heard calling commonly from about 1500up GONADS-large-Feb. (I 2); small-Feb. (I occasionally from lowland forest in Feb. and to 2100 m, Dec.-Mar., from dense forestto 0). Mar. 1984 (SC. MF). Not rec~rded on the current trip, but collected Brocchinialbamboo scrub to the high_elevation MOLT-Moderate body molt in early Feb. ~y Caldas in Dec. 1970at 550 m on the Brazilian pitcher plant swamps. Song generally similarto specimen. SIde(unpubl.]. that of lowland choliba (tapes on deposit at Poon-. Rodent hair in one stomach. *Caprimulgus longirostris American Museum of Natural History [AMNH~ Two were mist-netted in tall forest at 1800 Band-winged Nightjar Louisiana State University Museum ofNanual m, and as many as five could be heard at one Piaya cayana Science [LSUMZ), and Field Museum ofNanual SPEClMESS-1 (1800 m): I (2000 m). lime up the slopes toward 2000 m in Feb. 1985. Squirrel Cuckoo WEtGHT-54.0 s (I i). History [FMNH]), but distinguishable (T. A. Par- The call was a relatively high-pitched. evenly ker III,pers. comm.). Lowland form heardcall- IRIS- Dark brown. Sight records only (JC MF OW) Se . f spaced series of five or six notes repeated over I . f ',. en mrre- BILL-Black. ing from Base Camp at 140 m in early Feb.(SC, and over with short pauses separating the series. quem y m crest from 140 to 1250 m. TARSCS-Dusky brown. MF). There are no published records for this species Gos.cosc-Moderate c-Feb. (I '<): small-Apr. in Venezuela outside the Merida Andes. (In Piaya melanogaster Otus watsonii MOLT- Body on Apr. specimen: none on Fcb. Black-belJied Cuckoo individual. Tawny-bellied Screech-Owl "Steatomls caripensis SPECIMENS-2(140m)'I(Sa L . The two specimens. from a stream edge at Carlos). ,nta ucta); 1(San SPECIMENS-1(140 m); 1 (San Carlos). Oilbird WEIGHT-114 g(l 0); 136 g(1 unsexed). 1800 m and from over a bog at 2000 m. con- WE1GHT_;~: 97.4 (N: . SPEOMENs-1 (140 rn]: 3 (1800 m). Ims-c-Amber. stitute our only records. 92.3-102.0 g). g 3, SO = 4.9; range WEIGHT-2 se..~ = 390.0 g (360. 420 g): 2 i'i. BILL- Medium brown. IRIS-Dark bro\VD. .~= 360.0 g (345.375 g). TARSUS-Pinkish white. IRIs-Dark brown. Caprimulgus nigrescens lo~RBITALSKIN-Yellow. bordered bluish be- GoNADs-Small-Nov. (I d). BILL- Reddish brown. Blackish Night jar FOOD_ Insect parts in one stomach. BtLL-Dark red TARSus-Pinkish flesh. SPEClMENS-12 (140 m): I (Santa Lucia). TAASUs-Black.' Heard calling infrequently in lowland fO.: GoNADS-large-Feb. (I 2, 1 "), Dec. (l '<): small- Apr. (I d). WEIGHT-7 M. X = 35.9 g (SO = 2.0; range GoNADS-Moderale_Feb. (1 d). around Base Camp, particularly near the n at 140 m, Feb.-Apr. 16 WILLARO IT AL: BIRDS OF CERRO DE LA NEBUNA 17 FlELDlANA: zOOLOGY 32.5-39.0 g); 5 99, X = 35.4 g (SD = 2.6; range *Aerenautes montivagus WEIGHT-7.0 g (1 unsexed). Feb., had heavy body molt. No molt on one late 32.0-39.0 g). White-tipped Swift IRIS- Dark brown. Nov. specimen. IRIS-Brown. BILL-Maxilla black; mandible yellow with FOOD-Spiders in two stomachs. BILl- Black. SPECIMENS-2 (1600 m). black tip. Fairly commonly encountered in lowland for- TAlums- Black. WEIGHT-23.0 g (I 2); 21.1 g (I d). TARSus-Orangish flesh. est. becoming less common in forest at midele- GONADS-Large- Feb. (3 22, I 5); moderate- TARSus-Dark brown. The specimen, collected in forest with little vations. Feb. (3 M); small-Feb. (I d). Bnr.-; Black. understory, constitutes the only record. The spe- MOLT-Wing and/or tail molt in five speci- TARSUS- Black to dark brown. cies has not been recorded previously in Ama- mens taken throughout Feb.; body molt on nine GoNADS-Large-Apr. (l 0). zonas south of Cerro Duida. Phaethomis bourcieri specimens from the same period. FOOD- Winged ants in one stomach. Straight-billed Hermit FooD-Insects, predominantly beetles and Commonly seen overhead, usually in single- moths, were noted in six stomachs. SP£ClMENS-22 (140 rn]: 4 (San Carlos). species flocks, from 750 to 2000 m. Previously Threnetes leucurus WEIGHT-X = 4.3 g (N = 21; SD = 0.47; range Commonly observed on rocks at edge of Rio recorded from Amazonas only from CerrosDui· Pale-tailed Barbthroat 3.4-5.5 g). Baria and in trees at the edges afforest clearings. da and Yapacana, and the headwaters of Ri "'Campylopterus duidae SPEClMENS-6 (140 m). Three specimens from lowland forest consti- "'Colibri delpbinae WE!IGHT-3 dd, = 3.2 g (SO = 0.29; range tute the only records. Buff-breasted Sabrewing x Brown Violetear 3.0-3.5 g). SPECIMENS_I(1250 m); 4 (1400 m); 57 (1800 IRIS- Dark brown. m); 18 (2000 m); 7 (2100 m). Not recorded on the current trip, but there BILL- Black; mandible with red base. are three 1954 Phelps specimens from 1400and "'Heliodoxa xanthogonys WEIGHT-35 U, x = 6.8 g(SD = 0.76; range TARSUS- Black. 1800 m (Phelps and Phelps, 1965) and three velvet-brewed Brilliant 5.0-8.0 g); 22 22, x = 5.4 g (SO = 0.67; range GONADS-Moderate-Mar. (1 2), Apr. (l ~); Caldas specimens (unpubl.) from 1500 moe the 4.7-7.8 g). small-Apr. (2 dd), May (I d). SPECIMENs-I (1250 m); I (1400 m); 7 (1800 Iars-, Dark brown. Brazilian slopes. Infrequently encountered in lowland forest at m); 2 (2000 m). BILL-Black; some individuals with pinki h 140 m. WEIGHT-4 ad, .e = 6.9 g (SO = 0.26; range base of mandible. s 6.5-7.1 g); 5 22, .e = 6.7 g (SO = 0.60; range TARSUS-Pinkish to dark gray. "'Colibri coruscans 5.9-7.5 g). 7 GONADS-large_Feb. (6 &l), Mar. (I d), Apr. Sparkling Violetear Iats-, Dark brown. ( &l), Dec. (2 &l); moderate_ Feb. (I s, 4 &l) '"Amazilla viridigaster BILL-Maxilla black; mandible orange with Apr. (I ~),Nov. (I 2); small-Jan. (l ~)F b' SPECIMENS-I (2000 m). Green-bellied Hummingbird black tip. (II se, 15 &l), Apr. (I d). ' e. WEIGHT-8.8 g (l ~). TARSus-Pinkish to dusky brown. SPECIMENS-3 (750 m); I (1400 m); 1 (1800 MOLT-Bod~ molt noted on scattered speci_ IRIS-Dark brown. GoNADS-large-Feb. (I d), Mar. (l d), Dec. m). mens collected lD all months from D..... th gh BILL_ Black. (l 2, with yolking egg); moderate-Feb. (l 2), A . "". rou WEIGHT-2 U, = 4.0 g (3.9, 4.1 g); 3 2~, pr.; wmg and/or tail molt on thr- ~ . T ARSus_ Black. .e .e Mar. (1 2); small-Feb. (2 22, 2 ad), Apr. (I d). . """~pectmens span.mng Feb.; no molt noted on one late N GONADS-Moderate-Apr. (I 2). = 3.5 g (SO = 0.12; range 3.4-3.6 g). MOLT-Body molt noted on one mid-Apr. speCtmen. ov. IRls- Oark brown. Specimen, collected in open scrub, constituteS and two Feb. specimens. BILL-Maxilla black; mandiblepinkwith black FOOD-Tiny dipterans in one stomach . . Foo~- Tw~ sto~achs with tiny unidentified our only record. There were previously no puI; Insects, one With tmy spiders. tip. lished accounts of this species from the teputs TARSUS- Black. Encountered in forest and open scrub from From 1800 m up, this was one of the south of Cerro Duida although a specimen (un- GoNADS-large-Mar. (l d); moderate-Mar. 1250 to 2000 ro, most commonly around common birds in all habitats, found abun~~s; pUbl.) was collected ,on Neblina by Cal'" s ~ (l d); small-Feb. (2 29), Apr. (I d). 1800 m. 2000 m in Nov. 1970. 20 WILLARD ET AL.: BIRDS OF CERRO DE LA NEBLINA 21 FIELDIANA: zOOLOGY Topaza pyra GoNADS-large-Mar .•(I 'il); moderate-Jan. Cbloroceryle amazona BILL- Black; mandible with flesh base. Fiery Topaz (I &); small-Mar. (l &). Amazon Kingfisher TARSUS-Pinkish olive. MOLT-Body molt noted on one Mar. spec- GoNADS-Moderate-Feb. (I ~);small-Feb. SPECIMENs-5(140 m). imen. SPECIMENS-l (140 m). (I ~). WEIGHT-2 M, x = 12.8 g (12.0, 13.5 g); 3 ee, Foon-, Fruit in one stomach. WEIOHT-116.0 g (I &). .e = 10.7 g (SD = 0.46; range 10.2-11.0 g). IRIS- Brown. Regularly seen along heavily forested streams IRIS-Dark brown. Regularly heard calling from subcanopy of BIU-Black. in the lowlands. Blu-Black. forest at 140 m. TARSus-Black. TARSUS-Grayish pink. GoNADS-Smail-Feb. (l &). GONADS-Large-Feb. (I &), Apr. (I &); mod- "'Trogon personatus MOLT-Wing, tail, and scattered body molt erate-Feb. (1 'il). on single Feb. specimen. Masked Trogon Momotus momota MOLT-None noted in one mid-Feb. speci- FOOD-Shrimp in the single stomach. Blue-crowned Motmot men. SPECIMENS-2 (1400 m). Regularly seen along Rio Barfa at 140 m. SPECIMENS-12 (140 m). Infrequently encountered in high canopy of WEIGHT-65.0 g (I 0). 140-m forest. IRis-Brown. WEiGHT-5 50, x = 137.2 g (SD = 8.96; range ORBITALSKIN-Orange. Chloroceryle americana 126.0-147.0 g); 2 22, X = 124.0 g (120.0, 128.0 Bur.c-Chrome yellow. Green Kingfisher g). Heliothryx aurita TARSus-Brownish yellow. IRIS-Crimson. Black-eared Fairy GoNADS-Small-Feb. (I d). SPECIMENS-4 (140 m). BIU-Black. WEIOHT-X = 28.1 g (N = 2; 28.0, 28.2 g). TARSUS-Blackish to brownish gray. SPECIMENS-4(140 m). Regularly observed in subcanopy of tall forest IRIS- Dark brown. GONADS-Large-Feb. (l &), Mar. (I 2); mod- WElOHT-2 M, x = 4.7 g (4.4,5.0 g). from 1400 to 1800 m. A Caldas specimen was BIU-Black. erate-Feb. (2M), Mar. (l 2); small-Feb. (10), IRIS-Dark brown. collected from 1500 m on the Brazilian slope TARSUS- Dark brown. Mar. (I 0), Apr. (I 0). BILL- Black. (Phelps, 1972), and Phelps collected specimens GoNADs-Moderate-Apr. (12). MOLT- Wing and tail molt on an early Dec. TARSUS-Black. up to 1850 m (Phelps and Phelps, 1965). MOLT-No molt noted on one early Apr. specimen and body molt on an early Apr. spec- GoNADS-large-Feb. (10), Apr. (I 0). specimen. imen; no molt noted on two specimens taken in Motr c-Heavy body molt noted on one Apr. late Feb. and early Mar. Trogon vtelaceus Regularlyseen along Rio Baria at 140 m, Mar.- specimen. FooD-Beetle fragments in two stomachs; a Violaceous Trogon May 1984. Species was not evident Jan.-Feb. cicada in one; and a scorpion, tenebrionid larva, Infrequently encountered along stream cours- 1985. and frog (Osteocepha/us) in a fourth. es and in canopy oflowland forest. SPECIMENS-3 (140 m). WEIOHT-45.0 g (I &); 38.0 g (I 2). Common in forest at 140 m. Inrs-, Brown. Chloroceryle ioda Trogon melanurus ORBITALSKIN-Blackish. Green-and-rufous Kingfisher Black-tailed Trogon BIU-Ivory to pale grayish green. TARSUS-Medium gray. SPECIMENS-5 (140 m). SPECIMENs_I (140 m). GoNADS-Large-Feb. (I 2); moderate-Feb. WEIOHT-4 M, .e = 52.0 g (SO = 5.52; range Bntthy~balugubris WElOHT-103 g (I &). (I '). 47.1-58.8 g); t s. 52.1 g. Brown Jacamar IRIS-Brown. IRIS- Dark brown. Regularly seen in canopy afforest at 140roo SPECIMENs-4 (140 m). ORBITALSKIN-Orange. Bna.c-Black; mandible with flesh base. BILL-Yellow. TARSUS-Brown. WEIOHT-l &, 14.5 g; 2~~, .e = 17.6 g (17.3, 17.8&). TARSUS-Grayish tan. GoNADS-Large-Feb. (l &); moderate-Feb. IRIS-I 0 with dark brown, 2 22 with white to MOLT-Tail molt on single Mar. specimen. Ceryle torquata (12,2 dO); small-Feb. (I 0). Ringed Kingfisher FOOD-Fish remains in one stomach. pale blue. Regularly heard in floodplain forest. BILL-Black. SPECIMENS-4 (140 m). Regularly seen along heavily forested streams TARSUs-Three specimens black, one speci- WEIGHT-X = 301.8 g (N = 4; SD = 30.0; in the lowlands. men white. Trogon viridis range 272-340 g). GoNADS-Moderate-Mar. (12); small-Mar. White-tailed Trogon IRIS- Dark brown. (l 2), Apr. (l 0), May (I 0). Bru.-, Black with whitish to olive base. Chloroceryle aeoea MOLT-Wing molt on one Mar. specimen; SPECIMENS-7(140 m). TARSUS-Ivory to olive. American Pygmy Kingfisher none on one early Apr. specimen. WElGtIT-3 M,.x = 83.8 g (SO = 4.01; range GoNADS-Small-Feb. (I 'il), Apr. (l d).. FOOD- Insects in three stomachs, identified SPEClMENs-3 (140 m); 1 (San Carlos). 80.Q-88.0 g); 2 29, .e = 78.0 g (74.0 820 ) MOLT-Light body molt on one late Feb.)lI- as beetles in one and ants (80 in a second. IRIS- Brown. ' . g. WEIOHT-3 92,.x = 13.3 g (SO = 2.90; range dividual. 11.2-16.6 g). In forest near river edge al 140m, particularly BILL-Silvery blue with whitish ti FOOD- Fish remains in two stomachs. TARSUS-Gray. p. 1RIs- Dark brown. in bamboo. Regularly seen along Rio Daria at 140 m. 22 WILLARD ET AL.: BIRDS OF CERRO DE LA NEBLINA 23 , Galbula albirostris IRIS-Brown. Bucco capensis mid-Feb. bird; no molt noted on three speci- Yellow-billed Jaeamar BILL- Black. Collared Pullbird mens from mid- and late Feb. TARSus-Green. Very common in forest at 140 m. SPEClMENs-8 (140 m); I (350 m). GoNADS-Moderate-Mar. (I d); small-Apr. SPEOMENs-8 (140 m). WEiGHT-4 ad, X = 52.1 g (SO = 6.79; range WElGHT-4 &I, x = 19.6 g (SO = 2.56; range (I '). 16.9-22.9 g); 2 w,.t = 20.3 g (19.0,21.5 g). 45.9-61.6 g); 3 ss, .e = 50.3 g (SO = 5.51; range MOLT-General molt noted in the Mar. spec- Monasa morphoeus IRIS- Dark brown. 44.0-54.0 g). imen. White-fronted Nunbird Bur.c-Maxilja black with yellow base; man- Poco-c-One stomach contained hemipterans IRIS- Pale yellow to deep orange. ORBITALSKIN-Pale orange. dible yellow. (RD). SP£CIMENS-I2 (140 m). TARSus-Yellow. MOUTH LINING-Orange. WEIGHT-X = 72.9 g (N = II; SO = 5.60; GONADS-Moderate-Feb. (I d), Mar. (2 ad), Occasionally seen in forest canopy at 140m. Brtr.c-Maxilla varying from orange with dusky range 63.4-80.0 g). Apr. (1 a); small-Mar. (I 2). culmen to dusky with orange only at cutting IRJS- Dark brown. MOLT-Heavy wing and body molt noted on edge; mandible uniformly orange. BILL-Red. one late Mar. specimen, whereas an early Apr. TARSUS-Yellow-green to olive MOUTHLINING-Red. specimen was not molting. Notharchus macrorhynchus GONADS-Large-May (1 2); small-Feb. (l TARSUS-Black to blackish gray. 2, I ~), Apr. (l d), Nov. (1 2), Dec. (I ~). FooD-Three stomachs contained insects, White-necked Puffbird GoNADS-Moderate-Feb. (I d); small-Feb. identified as beetles in one and as a roach in MOLT-Wing and/or tail molt noted on two (222). another. Sight record only (RO, DW). One individual specimens from late Nov. and early Dec. spec- MOLT-Light body molt noted in one late Feb. seen at nest in termite mound about 3 m up in imens; none on single specimens from mid- Feb. specimen; no molt in three from early and late Regularly encountered in forest understory a tree at 140 m, 25 Mar. 1984. and early Apr. Feb. from 140 to 350 m. FOOD-One stomach contained coleopteran FOOD- Two stomachs contained beetles; a and orthopteran parts; a second contained a large third a large mantid; and a fourth a cicada. Galbula leucogastra cicada. Bronzy Jacamar Common at edge of river and in forest clear- Notharchus ordii Dawn song (recording at LSUMZ) heard daily ings at 140 m. Known previously in Venezuela SPECIMENs-I (140 m). Brown-banded Puffbird in Feb. at 140 m (10), both in forest and in only from the southwestern border of Amazonas WEIGHT-I5.0 g (I 2). bamboo at river's edge. A Caldas specimen (un- in the floodplains of Rio Negro and Rio Guai- IRIS-Brown. SPECIMENS-I (140 m). publ.) was taken at 1500 m on the Brazilian nia. Two Caldas specimens (unpubl.} were taken Btu- Black. WEIOHT-51.5 g (l d). slope. at 500 m on the Brazilian slopes. TARSUs-Black.. IRIs- Dark brown. BILL-Black. GoNADS-Small-Mar. (I 2). Nonnula rubecula TARSus-Dark gray. MOLT-Body molt noted on single Mar. spec- Capito niger GONADS-Large-Feb. (l d). Rusty-breasted Nunlet unen. Black-spotted Barbet A single specimen, collected 15 m up at the SpECIMENS-3 (l40 m). Specimen, taken from perch about 4 m up in edge of a forest clearing, constitutes our only WEIGHT-2 unsexed, x = 18.5 g (17.0, 20.0 SPECIMENS-II (140 rn). forest, constitutes our only record. WEiGHT-6 &5, X = 60.6 g (SO = 5.00; range record. g). 55.0-69.0 g); 2 ss, .e = 65.2 g (63.0, 67.4 g). Three specimens, two from forest and one Galbula dea IRIS-Red. from bamboo at river's edge, constitute our only Paradise Jacamar BILL- Maxilla black with gray base; mandible records. gray with black tip. SPEctMENs-l (140 m). Bucco macrodactylus TARSus-Gray to grayish green. WEloHT-32.0 g (I unsexed). Chestnut-capped Puflbird GoNADS-Large-Feb. (2 &5), Mar. (I 2,2 &5); Monasa atra Iars-, Brown. moderate-Mar. (I ~), Apr. (I ~), May (1 ~). SPECIMENs-2 (140 m). Black Nunbird Blu-Black. MOLT-None noted in four individuals from WEIOHT-25.3 g (l d). T ARSUS-Black. SPEOMENS-8 (140 m). late Feb. and early Mar. tars-, Dark brown. MOLT-Wing, tail, and body molt in single WEIGHT-X = 84.9 g (N = 6; SO = 8.2; range FOOD-Observed feeding on fruit of Pagamea BILL-Black. early Mar. specimen. 74.0-94.6 g). plicaJa (Rubiaceae) in Mar. (MF). TARSUS-Dark brown. IRis-Red (one individual with dark brown). S~men, collected in open lowland forest, GoNADS-Moderate-Mar. (I d), Apr. (I ,,). Regularly seen and heard in forest canopy at BILL-Cannine red. constitutes our only record. Poon-, Large roach in one stomach. 140m. TARSUS- Black. Regularly calling from bamboo at river'sedst. GoNADS-Moderate-Mar. (I ~);small-Feb. Jacamerops aurea for about 20 minutes daily at dawn, with as (I ~), Nov. (1 2). •Aulacorhynchus derbianus Great Jacamar many as six heard at one time in Feb. and Mar· MOLT- Wing and/or tail molt noted for one Chestnut-tipped Toucanet 1985 (10). This species was previously not re- specimen each from late Nov. and mid-Mar.; SPEaMENs-l (140 m); 1 (240 m], SPECIMENS-3 (1250 m]; 7 (1400 m). WEiGHT-66.0 g (I d). corded in Venezuela south of central AmaZonas body molt on these specimens as well as on one on the upper Rio ventuari. 24 WILLARD ET AL.: BIRDS OF CERRO DE LA NEBLINA 2S FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGy WElGHf-6~,X= 142.5g(8D= 16. 10;range green culmen becoming broad near base; baI mens from late Feb. and early Mar.; body molt GONADs-Large-Mar. (I 2), Apr. (I 03); 117-160 g); 12,150g. of culmen blue; "teeth .. all greenish; square" only and no molt in two additional early Mar. small-Mar. (I 2), Apr. (I 03). IRIs-Dark brown. of bright sky blue completely bordered withIfd specimens. MOLT-All four specimens taken in early Mar. BILL- Maxilla red with black tomium; man- near base of maxilla directly in front of1he~ FOOD-Fruit pulp and small seeds (possibly had wing andlor tail molt. dible black with red base; both maxilla and man- mandible deep brownish red with lime-grca including Cecropia [SCl) in two stomachs. FOOD-Unidentified insects in one stomach. dible outlined white at base. tip; irregular gray-blue patch near base,just be- Regularly heard calling in forest from 140 to Regularly seen in forest at 140 m. TARSus-Grayish olive. low patch on maxilla; five wavy white vertical 350 m; particularly common in floodplain and GoNADS-.large-Feb. (I 2, 1 03),Apr. (l 03); lines, originating near teeth of maxilla, traveR- river-edge forest. moderate-Feb. (3 ~); small-Feb. (I 03),Mar. ing about lJ. of the mandible. Note- This isnot Piculos flavigula (1 'j. at all like the bills illustrated in field guides for Yellow-throated Woodpecker MOLT-Body molt noted in a single late Feb. this species; soon after collection the billsbepn Picumnos exilis specimen. to fade, and within several months they closely SPECIMENs-5 (140 m). Golden-spangled Piculet = = Fcoe-c-Fruit in two stomachs; one of these resembled those in the guides. WElGHf-1 d, 54.0 g; 4 29, X 53.3 g (SD also contained an orthopteran. 3.60; range 50.0-58.0 g). TARSUS-Olive-brown. SPEOMENS-5 (140 m). IRIS-Brown. GoNADS- Large- Mar. (2 22); moderate- WEIGHf-9.2 g (103); 9.4 g (12). Regularly seen in small groups in forest from BILL- Maxilla black; mandible gray with black Mar. (2 <.M). IRIS- Dark brown. 1250 to 1400 m. Phelps specimens were col- tip. MOLT-None in two late Mar. specimens. BILL- Maxilla black; mandible silver with lected as high as 1800 m (Phelps and Phelps, TARSus-Greenish gray. 1965). FOOD- Fruit pulp and small seeds in all four black tip. GoNADS-large-Nov'. (I 2); small-Feb. (I stomachs. TARSus-Grayish olive. GoNADS-Moderate-Apr. (12,200); small- 'J. Specimens, taken in somewhat open and MOLT-Wing, tail, and body molt noted in Pteroglossus ftavirostris Apr. (I &). single specimens from early and late Feb.; no Ivory-billed Aracari scrubby forest, plus one sight record at 140m MOLT-No molt in one and body molt in two molt in one late Nov. specimen. (MF) constitute our only records. early Apr. specimens. FOOD-Ants in one stomach (MF). SPEClMENs-8 (140 m). FOOD-AntS in one stomach. WElGHf-3~, .e = 136.0 g (SD = 18.1· range Fairly common in subcanopy of lowland for- 117.0-153.0 g). ' Rampbastos vitellinus Inconspicuous in bamboo at river's edge at est. bus-Red. Yellow-ridged Toucan 140 m. Bn-t-e-Ivory-yellow, with black "tooth" SPEOMENs-I (140 m). markings on tomia of maxilla; mandible with Pieolus cbrysochloros WEIGHf-315 g (103). Melanerpes cruentatus ~olde~ brown wash near center, with base out- Golden-green Woodpecker lined m yellow. IRIs- Dark brown. Yellow-tufted Woodpecker BILL-Black, base blue, bordered black;cul- F~ClAL~KIN-Gray, becoming dull to bright SPECIMENS-3 (140 m). men and tip of mandible yellow. SPECIMENS-1 (140 m). red m orbital area. WElGHf-3 29, x = 76.4 g (SO = 1.7; range WElGHf-68.0 g (I a). TARSUS-Olive. TARSUS-Dark gray. 75.0-78.3 g). hus-Yellow. GoNAJ::6-Large_Feb. (2 ~); moderate_A r GoNADS-Large_Feb. (I 03). lIus-Gray to bluish white. BILL- Black. (I 03);small-Apr. (1 03). P . Bnr>. Black. Regularly seen and heard in forest at 140JIL TARSUS-Gray. TARSUs-Greenish gray. MOLT- Wing molt noted in single specimen MOLT-No molt in single early Mar. speci- ~o~ .early Mar.; this bird and an early A r GoNADS-Small-Feb. (I 2). men. mdiVIdual showed body molt. p . Rampbastos tucanus MOLT- Wing and tail molt in single mid-Mar. FO~lO-Fr~it, including Pagamea plicata Red-billed Toucan Regularly seen along river edge and in forest specimen. (Rubiaceae), lD one stomach (MF). clearings. SPECIMENS-4 (140 m). Infrequently encountered in subcanopy of lowland forest. Regularly seen Hying over the river and in WEIGHT_I 03,700 g; 3 22, X = 533 s (SO; fruiting ~es and in bamboo at river's edge 20.4; range 515-555 g [includes two unsell VeniUomis affinis Usually lD small groups. . probable 22]). Red-stained Woodpecker IRIs- Brown. "Ptcules rubiginosus Golden-olive Woodpecker Selenidera nattereri ORBITALSKlN-Purplish blue, fading to tur- SPEOMENS-6 (140 m). WEiGHT-3 00, X = 33.0 g (SO = 1.00; range Tawny-tufted Toucanet quoise at edges. eul- SPECIMENs-I (2100 m). BIU- Black- maxilla with yellow-green 32.0-34.0 g); 2 22, .e = 34.3 g (34.0, 34.5 g); 1 , blue GoNADS-Small-Mar. (I 2). SPECIMENS_2(350 m), 2 (San Carlos) men and base, bordered black; mandible unsexed, 43.5 g. MOLT-General molt in single mid-Mar. in- WEIOHT_2 ee x = 1645 ( . at base, also bordered black. IRIS- Brown. dividual. 153.0g(150 156 j. g 164, 165g);292, x= , g. MOUTHLINING-Omnge-red. BILL-Maxilla black; mandible silvery gray IRIs_ Dark brown. TARSUS_Sky blue to purplish blue. with black tip. Specimen from 2100 m constitutes the only record at that elevation; an additional individ- Blu- Maxilla deep brownish red with a lime_ GoNADS-Small_Feb. (I <1), Mar. (12). . TARSUS-Greenish gray. MOLT-Wing and/or tail molt in rwo speC" 26 WILLARD ET AL.: BIRDS OF CERRO DE LA NEBLINA 27 ual was seen at the edge of a forest clearing at TARSus-Gray-brown. MOLT- Wing and tail molt in late Nov. spec- IRIS-Dark brown. l250 m (JC, OW). Caldas specimens (unpubl.) GoNADS-Small-Apr. (l IS). imen. BILL-Maxilla dark brown; mandible gray. from 1500 and 2000 m and three from 1800 m MOLT-None in single early Apr. specimen Pooo-. Large beetle larvae in one stomach. TARSus-Gray-brown. (phelps and Phelps, 1965) fill in some of the FOOD-Stomach full of 4-mm seeds. GoNADS-large-Feb. (I d); small-Mar. (I Regularly seen in forest at 140 m; two ob- intervening elevations. D. Stotz (pen. comm.) 9, I d). Specimen, taken from tree in forest clearing served in tall trees at 1800 m. Four Caldas spec- has found it at 900 m in Roraima, Brazil. MOLT-No molt noted inone Mar. specimen. near river, constitutes the only record. imens (unpubl.) came from 600 and 1500 m on FOOD-Large roach DOted in one stomach. the Brazilian side. Celeus grammicus Infrequently encountered in lowland forest. Scale-breasted Woodpecker Dryocopus Hnearus Lineated Woodpecker Dendrocincla fuliginosa SPECIMENS-5(140 m). Plain-brown Woodcreeper Deconycbura stictolaema SPEOMENS-I (140 m). WEIGHT-3 &S, x = 70.3 g (SO = 4.2; range Spot-throated Woodcreeper WEiGHT-198 g (12). SPECIMENs-IS (140 m); I (350 m); 1 (San 67.0-75.0 g); 2 'N, .e = 64.0 g (63.0, 65.0 g). Carlos). IRIS-Red. IRls- Brown. SPECIMENs-6 (140 m); 2 (350 m). WEIGHT-9 oM, .e = 43.5 g (SO = 1.91; range BILL-Ivory. BIll- Maxilla blackish gray; mandible pale WEIGHT-4 <$d, x = 17.6 g (SO = 3.17; range 40.0-47.0 g); 4 'N, x = 41.2 g (SO = 4.06; range TARSUS-Dark gray to greenish gray. gray. 13.9-21.0 g); 2 'N, x = 13.6 g (13.2, 13.9 g); I TARSus-Gray. 36.8-46.3 g). unsexed, 22.0 g. GoNADS-large-Feb. (I 2), Mar. (2 M); IRIs-Gray-brown to dark brown. small-Nov. (I IS). MOLT-Tail and body molt in single earlyMar. IRIS- Dark brown. Blll- Maxilla black to dark brown; mandible BIll-Maxilla dark brown; mandible silvery MOLT-No molt noted in three specimens specimen. pale gray to pale brown. to dusky. from late Feb. and early Apr. Specimen, taken in open forest, as wellas one TARSus-Gray to blue-gray. TARSUS-Brownish gray. FOOD-Fruit in two stomachs. sighting at 300 m (SC) constitute our only ree- GONADS-Large-Feb. (5 M), Mar. (2 22, both GoNADS-Large-Feb. (I 5), Mar. (12); mod- Fairly common in subcanopy of lowland for. ords. In Amazonas, known only from the very with yolking eggs; I d), Apr. (I d); small-Feb. erate-Feb. (1 d), May (I d); small-Mar. (I 2, est. northern border. (1 s, I d), Mar. (I d), Apr. (I 2). I d). MOLT-Light molt noted on one young bird in early Apr.; no molt noted on 10 additional Infrequently encountered in mixed-species Celeus elegans individuals collected Feb.-Apr. flocks in both floodplain and upland forest. Chestnut Woodpecker Campepbilu8 melanoleucos FOOD- Insects noted in 10 stomachs, iden- Crimson-crested Woodpecker tified as beetles in three and as a roach and a SPEClMENs-6 (140 m); I (San Carlos). cicada in two others. Sittasomus griseicapillus WEIGHT_3 0&, .e = 129.0 g (SD = 16.1; range SPECIMENS-3 (140 m). Olivaceous Woodcreeper Commonly encountered in lowland forest, 114.0-146.0 g); 3 22, x = 124.3 g (SO = 11.6' WEIGHT-2 &s, .e = 242.5 g (240, 245 g); 19, range 112.0-135.0 g). ' 240 g. particularly in association with army ant swarms. SpEClMENs-1 (190 m); I(350 m); 1 (1400 m). IRis-Chestnut. IRls-Red in 2, yellow in M. WEiGHT-16.0 g (1 5); 11.8 g (I 9). IRIS- Dark brown. .Bu-t-r-Greenish ivory; bluish at base of man. BIll- White . Dendrocincla merula dlble. U. BILL-Maxilla dusky; mandible dark gray. TARSus-Pale green in 2; gray_green in White-chinned Woodcreeper TARSUs-Gray to greenish gray. GONADS-Small-Feb. (1 5). TARSus-Dark gray. GONADS-large_Jan. (I 2), Feb. (I 2, I IS) MOLT- Wing and tail molting in one late Feb. SPECIMENS-6 (140 m); 3 (San Carlos). GoNADS-Small-Feb. (l 5), Mar. (1 2), Apr. Mar. (1 IS); moderate-Jan. (I IS), Mar. (l 5). ' specimen; all three specimens had heavy bodY WEIGHT-4 dd, x = 44.6 g (SO = 4.43; range (I 2). MOLT-None noted in two early M . molt. 40.9-50.8 g); I 2, 42.7 g. MOLT-Body molt in Feb. specimen. mens. ar. speer, FOOD-Tiny yellow seeds and insects 18. 0" IRIs-Gray-blue. Regularly found in forest in middle to upper ~OO~- Dipteran larvae inone stomach (DW); stomach. BILL-Maxilla black; mandible pale olive. canopy. Sight records only at 140 m. fruit With tiny seeds in a second. TARSus-Dark gray. Regularly observed in forest at 140 m. GoNADS-Large-Mar. (I d), Apr. (3 &); Fairly common in undentory to subceno of lowland forest. py moderate-Apr. (I 2); small-Mar. (1 d). Glyphorbyncbus spirurus FOOD-Beetles in one stomach. Wedge-billed Woodcreeper Campepbilus rubricollis Infrequently encountered in lowland forest. Celeus torquatus Red-necked Woodpecker SPECIMENs-52 (140 rn); I (190 m); 3 (350 m); Ringed Woodpecker 1 (1250 m); 15 (San Carlos). SPECIMENS-2 (140 m); I (1800 m). Deconycbura longicauda WEIGHT-25 ee, .e = 13.3 g (SO = 1.1; range M, = g = SPEClMENS_I(140 m). WEIGHT-2 x 220.0 (2II, 229 g). Long-tailed Woodcreeper 11.2-16.0g); 1522,x= 12.4 g (SO 1.5; range WEiGHT-122 g (I 5). IRIS- Yellow. 10.5-16.0 g). IRIs_ Dark brown. FAClALSKIN-Gray. SPEClMENS-3 (140 m); I (San Carlos). IRIs-Dark brown. BILL- Maxilla dark brown' BILL_ Yellowish white. WEIGHT-X = 27.2 g{N = 4; SD = 1.0; range BILL-Maxilla black; mandible smokey gray. brown. ' mandible pale TARSus-Olive. 26.3--28.2 g). TARSUS-OuSky brown. GoNADS-Small_Nov. (I IS). 28 WILLARD ET AL.: BIRDS OF CERRO OE LA NEBLINA 29 F1ELDIANk zooLOGY ------, Brazilian side in Dec. 1970 is the only Neblina GoNADS-Large-Jan. (I a), Feb. (2 es, one Dendrocolaptes picumnus Xiphorhynchus guttatus record. In the tepuis. this species is a montane Black-banded Woodcreeper Buff-throated Woodcreeper with yolking egg; 9 M), Mar. (5 dc!),Apr. (1 <$); form. and is not found in the surrounding low- moderate-Feb. (3 M), Mar. (l s, 6 M), Apr. (l SPEQMENS-l (1250 m). SpE!ClMENs-7 (140 m); 1 (1250 m); I (San lands. 9), Dec. (l a); small-Feb. (5 22, 2 M), Mar. (3 GoNADS-Smail-Mar. (l 2). Carlos). 99,3 32 WlLLARD ET AL.: BIRDS OF CERRO DE LA NEBLINA 33 FIELDIANA: zooLOGY WEIGHT-8 ~,.x= 25.6 g (SD = 2.27; range Feb. specimen; none noted on early Mar. indi- *Dysithamnus mentalis TARSUS-Dark gray to black. 22.0-27.5 g); 6 22, X = 25.9g(SD = 2.18; range vidual. Plain Antvireo GoNADS-large-Feb. (12, with yolkingegg); 23.5-29.5 g). FOOD- Insects in three stomachs, identified moderate-Feb. (2 ~), Mar. (1 03), Apr. (1 5); SPECIMENS-9 (1250 m); 2 (1400 m). Iars-. Dark brown to chestnut. as a grasshopper in one and as beetles in the small-Feb. (3 22, 3 ~), Mar. (2 22), Apr. (3 dd). WEIGHT-I e, 15.0g; 4 29, x= 14.9 g(SD = BILL-All black in ~; mandible silvery gray others. MOLT-Wing and/or tail molt in three spec- 0.75; range 13.8-15.5 g). in 22. imens from late Feb. and early Mar.; body molt Spotty distribution in forest with moderate IRIS- Dark brown. TARSUS-Bluish gray. noted in specimens from mid-Feb. to early Mar. understory. Intense did vocal interaction noted BILL-Maxilla black; mandible gray. GoNADS-Large-Feb. (2 22), Mar. (I d); and in one early Apr. specimen; no molt in three in early Mar. (MF). TARSUS-Bluish gray. moderate-Feb. (2 M), Apr. (l d); small-Feb. specimens from late Feb. and early Mar. GoNADS-Moderate-Apr. (l d); small-Mar. (l 2, I d), Mar. (2 22, I d), Apr. (1 d). FOOD-Insects in seven stomachs, identified (1 2, 1 d), Apr. (2 22). MOLT-Wing and/or tail molt noted in single as beetles in one. MOLT-Light body molt in two late Mar. specimens from early Feb. and early Mar.; body *Tbamnophilus insignis specimens; none noted in two from mid-Apr. Common member of mixed-species flocks in molt in two early Mar. specimens; no molt noted Streaked-backed Antshrike Foon-, Insects in three stomachs, identified the lowland understory. Collected at 550 and in two late Feb. specimens. as beetles in one; a spider in one stomach. 1500 m by Caldas on the Brazilian slope in Dec. Fcon-c Insects noted in seven stomachs, SPECIMENS-5 (1400 m); 3 (1800 m). 1970 (unpubl.). identified as beetles in four. WEIGHT-6 ~, x = 26.3 g (SD = 1.98; range Fairly common in understory of middle-ele- 24.1-30.0 g); 2 22, X = 23.5 g (22.0, 25.0 g). vation forest, apparently diminishing at eleva- Infrequently encountered in lowland forest. IRIs-Dark brown. tions above 1400 m, Collected on the 1954 Myrmotherula ambigua BILL- Black. Phelps expedition up to 1850 m (Phelps and Yellow-throated Antwren Phelps, 1965). Thamnophilus murinus TARSus-Medium gray. GoNADS-large-Feb. (l d), Mar. (1 d), Apr. SPECIMENs-2 (140 m). Mouse-colored Antshrike (I 2, 3 ~). WEIGHT-6.0 g (1 2). Tbamnomanes ardesiacus SPECIMENS-9(140m); 1 (190 m); 5 (San Car- MOLT-Light body molt noted in two and not IRIS-Dark brown. Dusky-throated Antshrike los). present in one early Feb. specimen. BIu.-Maxilla black; mandible flesh. TARSus-Greenish. WEIGHT-7 M, x = 17.9 g(SD = 1.26; range FOOD-Insects in two stomachs, identified as SPECIMENS-22 (140 m); I (San Carlos). GoNADS-Moderate-Apr. (I 2). 16.4-20.0 g); 4 22, x = 18.5 g (SD = 1.45; range beetles in one. WEIGHT-II ad, .e = 16.6 g (SD = 0.85; range 16.9-20.0 g). I4.5-17.6g);522,.t= 16.9g(SD= 1.37; range Infrequently encountered in canopy of low- Encountered regularly, usually in small single- IRIS-Gray. 14.9-18.5 g). land forest. species groups, in upper-elevation bamboo and BILL-Maxilla black; mandible silver. 1RIs- Dark brown. Brocchinia scrub. TARSUs-Dark gray. BILL-All black in mcst ss, mandible silvery GoNADS-Large- Mar. (I 2);moderate-Mar gray in 29 and one d specimen. Myrmotherula sminamensis (1 2, 1 d), Apr. (I 2); small-Mar. (I 2, 2 ~): TARSUS-Bluish gray. Streaked Antwren May (1 d). Pygiptila stellaris GoNADS-Moderate-Feb. (1 d), Mar. (2 ~), MOLT-One Mar. specimen noted with none Apr. (1 c;»; small-Feb. (1 2, 2 ~), Mar. (2 ~), SPEClMENs-23 (140 m). Spot-winged Antshrike WEIGHT-4 22, = 8.4 g (SD = 0.32; range Foon-. Insects in three stomachs, identified Apr. (1 2, 2 ~), May (1 2). x 8.D-8.7 g); 2 se, .e = 8.5 g (8.3, 8.6 g). as a caterpillar in one and as tiny wasps, beetles, SPECIMENS-13 (140 m). MOLT- Wing and tail molt in one late Feb. IRIS-Dark brown. and beetle larvae in a second (sq. WEIGHT-5 dd, x = 22.1 g (SD = 1.55; range individual; no molt in eight additional speci- BILL-Maxilla black; mandible pale gray. 19.9-24.0 g); 3 22, x = 23.5 g (SD = 2.16; range mens from mid-Feb. to early Apr. Fairly common in middle levels of lowland TARSUS-Bluish gray. 21.0-25.0 g). FOOD-Insects in five stomachs, identified as forest. GoNADS-I..arge-Apr. (3 &5); moderate-Apr. IRIS- Dark brown. beetles in three and as a roach in one. (5 22); small-Apr. (3 22). BILL-Maxilla black; mandible bluish gray. Common in mixed-species understory flocks MOLT-None noted on three early Apr. spec- TARSUS-Bluish gray. Tbamnopbilus amazonicus of lowland forest. imens. Amazonian Antshrike GoNADS-large-Feb. (1 d), Mar. (I d), Apr. FOOD- Unidentified insects in one stomach. (1 5); moderate-Mar. (1 d), Apr. (I 2, I 5); SPEClMENS_4(140 m). small-Feb. (1 2, 1 d), Apr. (I c;». Tbamnomanes caesius Very common in bamboo at river edge in WEIGHT-3 ad, x = 17.3 g (SD = 0.25; range MOLT-Wing and/or tail molt in single spec- Cinereous Antshrike lowlands. 17.0-17.5 g); 12,15.5 g. imens from late Feb. and early Mar.; no molt SpECIMENS-30 (140 m); 3 (San Carlos). tars-, Dark brown. in three specimens from early and mid-Mar. and WEIGHT-I 5 Cd, x = 15.8 g (SO = 1.29; range guttata BILL-Maxilla black; d mandible black with early Apr. Myrmotherula 12.8-18.0 g); II 22, x = 15.6 g (SD = 1.53; range gray base, 2 mandible pale gray. FOOD-Three stomachs with unidentified in- Rufous-bellied Antwren 13.0-18.0 g). TARSUS-Bluish gray. sects, induing a caterpillar in one. IRIS- Dark brown. SPOCIMENS-6 (140 m); 1 (San Carlos). GoNADS-Moderate_Mar. (I d), May (1 d)' Common in bamboo and river-edge low- BILL-All black in de!; mandible pale gray in WEIGHT-X = 9.7 g (N = 6; SO = 0.58; range small-Feb. (1 2, 1 d). ' lands, often inmixed-species flocks from middle 8.8-10.3 g). MOLT-Heavy body molt noted on one late to upper canopy. ". 35 34 WILLARD ET AL.: BIRDS OF CERRO DE LA NEBLINA FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY IRIS- Dark brown. Very common member of mixed-species un- IRIs-Dark brown. TARSUS-Gray. BILL-Maxilla black; mandible pale gray. derstory flocks in lowlands. BILL-Maxilla black; mandible silvery gray GoNADS-large-May (I 2). TARSUS-Gray. with black tip. Regularly heard calling from canopy of low- GoNADS- Moderate-Mar. (Ia); small-Feb. TARSUS-Bluish gray. land forest, particularly in the floodplain. (3 M), Apr. (I 2). Myrmothenla longipennis GoNADS-large-Mar. (I d), Apr. (1 a), May MOLT-No molt noted in three late Feb. and Long-winged Antwren (I d); moderate-Feb. (1 2), Apr. (12); small- early Mar. specimens. Mar. (1 d). SPEClMENs-22 (140 m); I (San Carlos). Myrmoborus myotherinus FOOD-Unidentified insects in one stomach. MOLT- Wing molt in two early Mar. speci- WEiGHT-8 &s, x = 9.0 g (SO = 0.60; range Black-faced Antbird mens, and body molt only in two mid-Feb. spec- Infrequently encountered in understory of 8.2-10.0 g); 8 22, .e = 8.5 g (SD = 0.38; range imens; no molt noted in one late Feb. individ- SPECIMENS-5 (140 m). lowland forest. 8.0-9.0 g). ual WEIGHT-X = 21.5 g(N = 5; SD = 1.62; range IRIS-Dark brown. FOOD-Unidentified insects in one stomach. 20.3-24.2 g). BILL-All black in ad; mandible pale gray in IRIS- Dark brown. Myrmotherola haematonota ss, Fairly common at midlevels oflowland forest. Stipple-throated Antwren BILL-All black in ad; mandible silvery gray TARSUS-Bluish gray. in 22. SPECIMENS-15 (140 m); I (350 m); 2 (San GONADS-Large-Mar.(l d), Apr. (2 ad), May TARSUS-Dark gray. Carlos). (1 d); moderate-Feb. (l a), Mar. (1 2); small- Herpsilochmus dorsimaculatus GoNADS-large-Feb. (2 22, one with yolking WEIGHT-7 M, x = 8.7 g (SO = 0.71; range Feb. (3 22), Mar. (3 22), Apr. (3 22, I d). Spot-backed Antwren egg); moderate-Feb. (2 eM), Apr. (I d). MOLT-Light body molt on three specimens 8.0-10.0 g); 6 22, x = 8.9 g (SO = 0.86; range SPECIMENS-3 (140 m). MOLT-Light body molt noted in mid-Apr. 8.0-10.2 g). from early to late Mar.; none noted on five ad- specimen. WEiGHT-2 &, x = 9.5 (identical weights). IRIS-Sandy buff. ditional specimens from mid-Feb. to early Apr. IRIS- Dark brown. FOOD-Insects in four stomachs, identified as BILL- Black with silver tomium. FOOD-Insects in four stomachs, identified as BILL-Maxilla black; mandible gray. beetles in two and as ants (OW) in one. TARSUS-Blui!Jh gray. beetles in one. TARSus-Pale gray. Infrequently encountered, with all records GoNADS-Large-Mar. (2 22, one with yolk. Common member of understory flocks in GoNADS-large-Apr. (I d). coming from 800dplain forest along Rio Haria. ing egg), Apr. (2 M); moderate- Feb. (I 2, 2 ad), lowland forest; more common away from the MOLT-None on two mid-Mar. specimens. Apr. (l d); small-Mar. (12), Apr. (I d). 800dplain. FOOD-Unidentified insects in one stomach. MOLT-Body molt noted in five specimens, Hypocnemis cantator early Feb. to early Apr.; none noted in one ad- Regular member of mixed-species canopy flocks in lowland forest. Warbling Antbird ditionallate Mar. specimen. *Myrmotherula behni FOOD- Unidentified insects in four stomachs. Plain-winged Antwren SPECIMENs-13 (140 m); 1 (190 m); 3 (350 m); 2 (750 m); 6 (San Carlos). Fairly common in understory oflowland for- Terenura spodioptila est. SPECIMENS_I (1800 m). WEIGHT-8 M, x = 13.2 g (SO = 0.52; range WElOlrr-7.9 g (12). Ash-winged Antwren 12.4-14.0g); 10 22, .e = 12.2 g (SO = 0.65; range IIlIs-Dark brown. SPECIMENS-I (140 m). 11.1-13.5 g). Myrmotherula axilIaris BILL- Black; mandible with silver tomium (I WEiGHT-6.5 g (1 2). Iars c-Dark brown. White-flanked Antwren 0). IRIS- Brown. BILL-Maxilla black; mandible pale silvery TARSUS-Bluish gray. gray. SPECIMENS-33 (140 m); 3 (350 m). BILL-Maxilla black; mandible gray. GoNADS-Small-Feb. (I 2). TARSus-Gray. T ARSUS-Yellowish brown. WEIGHT-16 &, x = 8.0 g (SD = 0.91; range FOOD-Unidentified insects in the one stom- GoNADS-Small-Mar. (l 2). GoNADS-Large-Mar. (12), Apr. (12); mod- 6.8--10.6 g); 10 22, x = 8.3 g (SO = 0.68; range ach. erate-Feb. (l 2), Mar. (2 22, 1 d), Nov. (I 2); 7.0-9.5 g). FOOD- Unidentified insects in the sole stom- small-Feb. (I d), Mar. (4 22, 4 eM). IRIS-Dark brown. ach. Infrequently encountered in mixed-species MOLT-Body molt noted on single Nov., Feb., . BILL-All black in ad; mandible silvery gray 80cks 1800-1850 m. Most Phelps specimens Specimen, taken from mixed-species flock in and Apr. individuals, and on two Mar. speci- In 22. were taken at 1800 m. A Caldas spcimen from lowland forest canopy, constitutes our only ree- mens; absent from one Mar. specimen. TARSUS-Bluish gray. 1500 m on the Brazilian side (Phelps, 1972) and oro. FOOD- Insects in five stomachs, identified as GoNADS-large-Feb. (4 ad), Mar. (2 ad), Apr. a Phelps specimen from 1400 m (phelps and beetles in three and as beetle larvae in one. (I d); moderate-Feb. (2 &), Mar. (I d), Apr. (l Phelps, 1965) define the lower limit of the ele- 2, I d); small-Jan. (I d), Feb. (2 22, 3 ad), Mar. vational range on Neblina. Cercomacra cinerascens Common in forest up to at least 750 m. (322), Apr. (I 2). Gray Antbird MOLT-Body and tail molt in one late Feb specimen; body molt only in one from earl; Mynnotherula menetriesii SPECIMENS-l (140 m). Percnostola rufifrons Apr '.; none noted in six additional Feb. and Mar. Gray Antwren WEiGHT-18.5 g(l2). Black-headed Antbird specimens. IRIS-Dark brown. BILL-Maxilla dark brown; mandible light SPEClMENs-8 (San Carlos). FOOD-Insects in seven stomachs, identified SPEClMENs-lO (140 m). WEIGHT_x = 8.9 g (N = 8; SD = 0.45; range WEIGHT-4 &s, x = 25.0 g (SO = 1.51; range as beetIes, beetle larvae, and ants (8q in three. gray. 8.2-9.5 g). 36 WILLARD ET AL.: BIRDS OF CERRO OE LA NEBLINA 37 F1ELDlANA: ZOOLOGY 23.7-26.7 g); 3 22, X = 24.08 (SO = 1.79; range Sclaterta nael'ia IRIs- Dark brown. GoNADS-large-Feb. (I d), Apr. (2 5<3); mod- 22.5-26.0 g); 1 unsexed, 29.0 g. Silvered Antbird BILL-All black in &3;mandible silver in 2. erate-Feb. (1 2, I a); small-Feb. (l 2). IRIs-Gray. TARSUs-Brown to dark gray. MOLT- Wing andlor tail molt on two early SPECIMENs-I (140 m). BILL-Black; mandible silvery gray in 22. GoNADS-large-Apr. (12); moderate-Feb. Apr. specimens; body molt only on one addi- TARSus-Medium to dark gray. WEIGHT-19.1 g(1 d). (I <3), Mar. (1 'il), Apr. (I 2); small-Apr. (I d). tional bird from early Apr. GoNADS-Large-Mar. (I <3); moderate-Mar. IRIS- Dark brown. MOLT-Light body molt noted in three late Fooo- Unidentified insects in one stomach. BILL-Black. Mar. and early Apr. specimens; absent from one (1 <3); small-Mar. (2 <3d, I 2). Infrequently encountered in lowland forest, MOLT-Body molt in two early Mar. speci- TARSUS-Pinkish white. early Apr. individual almost always in association with army ant mens. GoNADS-Small-Feb. (I <3). Common in river-edge vegetation, particu- swarms. Although we found this species commonly The one specimen, collected near a stream in larly in bamboo. along the Rio Negro at San Carlos, we did not 800dplain forest, constitutes the only record. encounter it in the lowlands around Neblina. Hylophylax naevia Caldas collected one specimen (unpub1.) at 550 Myrmeclza disjuncta Pithys albifrons Spot-backed Antbird m on the Brazilian side. Yapacana Antbird White-plumed Antbird SPECIMENS-II (140 m); 10 (San Carlos). SpECIMENS-23 (140 m); 2 (190 m); 6 (San SPECIMENs-I (140 m). WEIGHT-9 5<3, X = 12.0 g (SO = 0.81; range Carlos). Percnostola leucostigma WEiGHT-15.0g(12). 10.5-13.1 g); 6 22, X = 13.2 g (SO = 1.05; range WEIGHT- IO &3,.f = 20.6 g (SD = 1.20; range IRIS- Brown. 11.9-14.4 g). Spot-winged Antbird 18. 1-22.4 g); 1222,.f = 20.6 g(SD = 1.65; range BILL-Maxilla black; mandible white (I 2). IRIS- Dark brown. 18.5-24.0 g). SPOCIMENS-9(140 m). TARSus-Pinkish gray. BILL- Black. IRIS- Dark brown. WEIOHT-5 5<3, X = 22.3 g (SD = 2.11; range GoNADS-Smail-Feb. (I 2). TARSUs-Pinkish white. BILL- Black, occasionally with pale tip. 20.3-25.6 g); 2 22, X = 24.1 g (24.0, 24.2 g). MOLT-No molt in late Feb. specimen. GoNADS-large-Mar. (I 2, with yolk:ing egg); TARSus-Bright orange in most adults, some- IRIs-Grayish brown. FOOD-Unidentified insects. moderate-Apr. (I 'il); small-Mar. (2 22, 2 &S), BILL-Maxilla black; mandible pale gray. what duller in juveniles. Apr. (1 2). TARSUS-Pearl. Specimen constitutes the only record. Previ- GoNADS-large-Mar. (I <3), Apr. (1 'il); mod- MOLT-Light body molt on one early Mar. erate-Feb. (5 &3),Mar.(I 2, I d), Apr. (I 2, 1 GoNADS-large-Feb. (I 'il); moderate-Feb. ously known only from the region of Cerro Ya- specimen. (I d), Apr. (I d); small-Feb. (1 2, I d), Mar. (I pacana in central Amazonas, and from one rec- d); small-Jan. (2 22), Feb. (2 22), Mar. (I 2), Foon-, Insects in two stomachs, identified as d), Apr. (I <3), Nov. (I d). ord from Guainia in Colombia near the Apr. (2 22, I <3). beetles in one. MOLT- Body molt in five specimens from Venezuelan border (Hilty and Brown, 1986). MOLT-Wing andlor tail molt on three spec- Common in understory of lowland forest. early Mar. to mid-Apr.; specimens with traces imens from mid- and late Feb.; body molt on specimens from late Feb. and early Apr.; non- of immature plumage collected in late Nov. and Myrmeciza pelzelni mid-Feb. molting individuals recorded in mid- and late Gray-bellied Antbird Feb., late Mar., and early Apr. Pooo-. Insects in three stomachs, identified Hylophylax poecilinota Foon-, Insects in five stomachs, identified as as beetles in two; tail of a small lizard and large SPECIMENs-2 (140 m). Scale-backed Antbird spiders found in one (OW). ants in one (OW). WEIGHT-46.0 g (I 2). SPECIMENs-28 (140 m); 7 (350 m); 2 (750 m); Common in lowland forest understory, par- Infrequently encountered in understory of IRIS- Dark brown. 13 (San Carlos). BILL-Maxilla black; mandible black withPy ticularly in association with army ant swarms. lowland forest. WEIOHT-26 &3,.f = 18.3 g (SO = 1.05; range Recently 8edgedjuveniles collected in early Apr. base in <3, blue-gray in 2. 15.8-20.1 g); 17 22, X = 18.6 g (SO = 0.94; range A Caldas specimen (unpubl.) was taken at 1500 TARSUS-Pinkish gray. 17.1-20.5 g). m on the Brazilian side. Percnostola caurensis GONADS-Moderate-Feb. (1 d); small-Feb. IRIS- Dark brown. (I 0). Caura Antbird BILL-Black. FOOD-Unidentified insects and a spider in TARSus-Gray. Gymnopithys rufigula SPECIMENS-I (1250 m). one stomach. GoNADS-!..arge-Feb. (3 22), Mar. (5 22); WElGHT-39.4 g (1 <3). Rufous-throated Antbird Specimens constitute the only records; they moderate-Feb. (I 2, 3 <3&), Mar. (222, 8 &S), IRIS- Reddish brown. were taken in forest with sapling-sized trees and SPECIMENs-9 (140 m); 2 (San Carlos). Apr. (3 5<3); small-Feb. (2 22, 3 5<3), Mar. (2 29, BILL- Black. dense undergrowth. WEIOHT-4 5<3, X = 27.5 g (SO = 2.41; range 4 <3&). TARSus-lead gray. 23.9-29.0 g); 4 22,.f = 26.9 g (SO = 0.60; range MOLT-Three Mar. specimens molting from GoNADS-Smail-Apr. (1 d). 26.0-27.4 g). immature to adult plumage; molt absent from MOLT-Absent from single Apr. specimen. Myrmeciza atrothorax IRIs- Reddish brown. 14 specimens collected from early Feb. to early FOOD-Small beetles in the stomach. Black-throated Antbird ORBITAL SKIN-Light blue. Apr. BILL- Maxilla black; mandible black with sil- FOOD-Insects in 18 stomachs, identified as The one specimen and a 2 that was moving SPEClMENS-8 (140 m). very white tip. beetles in three, as roaches in two, and as ants with it through the forest undentory constitute the only records. WEIOHT-2 &3,.f = 16.4 g (15.9,16.8 g); 19, TARSUS-Pinkish white. in four (OW). 15.5g. 38 WILLARD ET AL.: BIRDS OF CERRO OE LA NEBLINA 39 --,------ IRIS-Dark brown. (I 2,2 &$); small-Feb. (5 &$), Mar. (2 22), Apr. Extremely common in understory of forest at Mynnornis torquata Bll.L- Black; mandible with pinkish base. (1 d), Nov. (1 d). least to 750 m. Juveniles present from late Feb. Wing-banded Antbird TARSUS-Medium gray. MOLT-Body moll on nine individuals col- to late Mar. SPECtMENS-2 (140 m). GoNADS-large-Jan. (I 2, I d), Feb. (I d), lected from mid-Feb. to mid-Apr.; absent from WEloHT-46.0 g (I d). Mar. (I d), Dec. (I d); moderate-Feb. (12). two early Feb. specimens. Iars-. Dark. brown. MOLT- Body molt on single individuals from Fooo-. Unidentified insects in one stomach. Phlegopsis erythroptera BILL-Black. late Jan., early Feb. (2 in breeding condition), Common in upper-elevation forest and Broc- Reddish-winged Bare-eye TARSus-Pale gray. and late Mar. chinia scrub. Tavares and Morales specimens SPECIMENS-4(140 m); I(190 m); 4 (San Car- GoNADS-Small-Feb. (I d). Found in understory of tall forest and bamboo (unpubL) in the Colecci6n Phelps were taken as los). MOLT- Wing molt on one late Feb. specimen; stands of mid- and upper elevations, where in- high as 2475 m. no molt on a second. WEIGHT-I a, 52.0 g; 422, X = 48.4 g (SO = dividuals were heard calling regularly. Perez col- 5.35; range 44.c~54.9 g); I unsexed, 61.0 g. FOOD-Unidentified insects. lected a specimen (unpubl.) at 2290 m. Mionectes oIeagineos IRIS- Brown to grayish brown. Specimens taken in lowland forest constitute Ochre-bellied Flycatcher ORBITAL SKIN-Red in adults, brown in ju- our only records. Very locally recorded inAma- venile. zonas, with previous records south to the Rio *Elaenia paIlatangae SPECIMENS-13 (140 m); 1 (350 m); 2 (San Blu-Black. Yatua. Sierran Elaenia Carlos). TARSus-Black to dark gray. SPECtMENS-14 (1800 m); 2 (2000 m). WElGHT-8 dO, x = 10.7 g (SD = 1.06; range GoNADS-Moderate-Apr. (I d); small-Mar. WEIGIIT-12dd,:t= 18.2g(SD= 1.08; range 8.4-12.0 g); I 2, 9.5 g. (2 22), Apr. (I 2). Grallaria varia 16.5-20.0 g); 2 22,:t = 15.3 g (14.9,15.7 g). IRIS- Dark brown. MOLT-Body molt noted on late Apr. juve- Variegated Antpitta rars-, Dark brown. Bna.c-Black; mandible with base ranging from nile; molt absent from one late Feb. specimen. Bn.t.c-Black; mandible with flesh base. flesh to orange to tan. Specimens from lowland forest constitute the SPEClMENs-2 (140 m). TARSus-Black. TARSus-Medium gray. GoNADS-large-Mar. (1 d), Apr. (1 2, with only records. WElGHT-1l3.0 g (l d); 122.0 g (1 2). GONADS-large-Jan. (I d), Feb. (3 &0), Apr. IRIS-Dark brown. (2 dO), Dec. (2 dO); moderate- Feb. (4 dO); small- yolkingegg); moderate-Feb. (I d), Mar. (4 &0), Apr. (2 &0). BILL-Maxilla dark gray; mandible gray with Feb. (2 22, I d). pink base. MOLT-Light body moll on two individuals Formicarius colma MOLT-Wing molt on one mid-Feb. speci- TARSus-Grayish pink. men; body molt on specimens from early Dec. from early and late Mar.; absent from five in- Rufous-capped Antthrush GoNADS-large-Mar. (I 2); small-Feb. (I and early Feb.; nonmoltingindividuals recorded dividuals from late Feb., early Mar., and early Apr. SPECIMENS-14 (140 m). 'j. in early Dec. and mid-Apr. Poon-, Fruit in five stomachs, identified as WElGHT-9 dO, = 47.1 g (SD = 4.08; range FOOD-Fruit and insects in one stomach. x The specimens, taken in floodplain forest, Perouma (Moraceae) in one (MF). 42.0-53.0 g); 3 22, x = 46.6 g (SO = 0.93; range constitute the only records. Common in upper-elevation forest and Broc- 45.5-47.2 g). chinia scrub. These are the first records of the Fairly common in understory of lowland for- IRIs-Dark brown. species from Neblina; it was previously known est. Bnr.-; Black. Myrmothera campanisona from the northern tepuis of Amazonas south to TARSus-Dark brown to dark gray. Thrush-like Antpitta Cerro Duida. Its absence from the earlier Ne- *Mionectes macconnelli GoNADS-large-Feb. (3 dO), Mar. (I d), Apr. blina collections is mystifying given its abun- McConnell's Flycatcher (12,4 dO); small-Feb. (I 2). SPECtMENS_I (140 m). dance on the current expedition. Dickerman and MOLT- Wing and tail molt noted on a single WElGIIT-46.0 g (I 2). Phelps (1987) described the Neblina population SPECIMENS-I (1250 m); I (1400 m). individual from late Feb.; molt absent from six IRIS-Dark brown. as an endemic subspecies, davidwillardi, WElGffi-13.0 g (I 2). additional specimens from late Feb. to early Apr. BILL- Black; mandible with pink base. IRIS- Dark brown. Poon-, Insects in five stomachs, identified as TARSUS-Pale gray. BILL-Black. ants in one (MF) and as a roach in a second: a GONADS-large-Feb. (I 2). *Mecocerculus lencophrys TARSus-Medium gray. 5-mm seed in one stomach (OW). ' FOOD-SmaIl beetles in the single stomach. white-throated Tyrannulet GONADS- Large- Feb. (I 2); moderate- Mar. (I 2). Fairly common on ground of lowland forest The single specimen, taken in floodplain for- SPECIMENS-14 (1800 m); 2 (2000 m); 6 (2100 in floodplain and uplands. MOLT-Absent from one late Mar. specimen. est, constitutes the only record. m). WEIGHT-12 dO, x = 10.5 g (SO = 0.79; range Apparently scarce in forests of midelevations. 9.0-11.5 g); 2 22,:t = 9.7 g (9.4,10.0 g). This species. which is widespread in Amazonian *Mynnothera simplex "Chamaeza cam.panisona IRIs-Dark brown. lowlands, is only found at midelevations in the Short-tailed Antthrush Brown-breasted Antpitta Bna.c-Black. Pantepui (generally subspecies roratmaev. Dick- SPEClMENS_1(1250 m); I (1400 m); 4(1800 MOUTHLINING-Bright orange. erman and Phelps (1987) described the Neblina Not recorded on current trip, but two erect- mi. T ARSUS-Black. population as an endemic subspecies, merce- mens collected at 1800 m in 1954 (Phelps and GoNADS-!.arge- Feb. (3 &$); moderate- Feb. desfosterae. Phelps, 1965). WElGIIT_3 ad, g = 52.6 g (SD = 0.69; range 51.8-53.0 g); 2 22, x = 55.0 g (49.0, 61.0 g). WlLLARD ET AL.: BIRDS OF CERRO DE LA NEBLINA 40 41 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGy i 1------ *Leptopogon amaurocephalus GoNADS-large-Apr. (4 del); moderate-Apr. BILI.- Black; occasionally with pinkish base MOLT-Molt on all four early Mar. speci- Sepia-capped Flycatcher (I e, I d). of mandible. mens: wing and/or tail on two, body on two. MOLT-Light body molt noted on two and TARSus-Pinkish gray. FooD-Tiny beetles in one stomach. SPECIMENS-2(1250 m). absent from two early Apr. specimens. GoNADS-urge-Apr. (3 del), May (I d); mod- GoNADS-I...arge-Mar. (I ~);moderate-Mar. Regular member of mixed-species canopy erate-Mar. (2 &S); small-Feb. (12), Apr. (I d). Fairly common in bamboo stands in lowlands flocks in lowland forest. (I '). MOLT-No molt noted on one mid-Feb. spec- MOLT-Absent from one late Mar. specimen. along Rio Daria. Previously known in Amazo. imen. nas from along Rio Orinoco near Cerro Dnida, Specimens constitute our only records. Pre- and along Rio Ventuari. Regularly encountered in bamboo stands at viously not recorded in Amazonas south of'Ce- Platyrinchus saturatus edge of Rio Daria in lowlands, usually 8-10 m Cinnamon-crested Spadebill ITO Duida. Although there are lowland forms of up in vegetation (10). this species in western Amazonia, the species' Corythopis torquata SpECIMENs-5 (140 m); I (San Carlos). range in southern Venezuela is coincident with WEIGHT-X = 1O.8g(N = 6;SD= 0.76; range Ringed Antpipit the tepuis. Our specimens were taken at eleva- 9.5-11.8 g). Hemitriccus zosterops tions higher than those recorded for lowland SPECIMENS-Il (140 m). IRIS- Dark brown. forms; because lowland records in this area ap- White-eyed Tody- Tyrant WEIGHT-7 0$0, x = 14.2 g (SD = l.05; range BtLL- Black; mandible with grayish white tip. pear to be very scarce, we have included the 12.3-15.0 g); 2 ~2, x = 14.0 g (13.2, 14.8 g); I SPECIMENS-5 (140 m). TARSus-Pinkish gray. species among our montane forms. unsexed, 15.5 g. WEIGHT-3 dd, g = 9.3 g (SD = 0.29; range GoNADS-Small-Feb. (I 2,400), Apr. (I d). IRIS-Brown to gray-brown. 9.0-9.5 g); I 2,7.5 g. MOLT-Light body molt on one mid-Feb. Bn.t.c-Maxilla black; mandible pinkish white IRis-Grayish white. specimen; none noted on two late Feb. speci- *Phylloscartes chapmani to pinkish yellow. Brt.t.c-Black; mandible with brownish base. mens. FOOD-Unidentified insects in one stomach. Chapman's Tyrannulet MOUTHLINING-Orange. TARSus-Gray. TARSus-Pinkish gray. GoNADS-Large-Apr. (2 0$0); moderate- The specimens, all taken in lowland forest, SPECIMENS-l (1250m); 4 (1400 m); 15 (1800 GoNADS-Large-Feb. (I d), Apr. (2M),May Mar. (l d); small-Mar. (I ~). constitute our only records. One was collected m). (2 dd); moderate-Apr. (1 2); small-Feb. (I s, MOLT-No molt noted on three mid- and late while foraging in vegetation about I m olf the WEIGHT-13 &S, x = 8.8 g (SD = 0.56; range I d), Mar. (l e, Id). Mar. specimens. ground. Previously not recorded in Amazonas 8.0-9.5 g); 3 29, X = 7.3 g (SD = 0.27; range MOLT-Light body molt in one individual Foon-, Unidentified insects in two stomachs. south of the Yavita-Pimichin Trail. 7.0-7.5 g). from late Feb.; absent from four specimens from Iars-, Dark brown. Infrequently encountered in lowland forest mid- Feb., early Mar., and early Apr. BILL- Black; mandible with pink base. understory. A Caldas specimen (unpubl.) was TARSus-Medium gray. Fairly common in lowland forest. taken at 1500 m on the Brazilian side in early *Platyrinchus mystaceus Dec. 1970. GONADS-Large_Jan. (l d), Feb. (3 dd), Mar. White-throated Spadebill (I d); moderate-Feb. (2dd), Nov. (I d); small- SPECIMENS-2 (1250 m); 2 (1400 m); 1 (1800 Jan. (I 2), Feb. (2 22, I d), Dec. (I 0). Myiornis ecaudatus Ramphotrigon nficauda m). MOLT-Tail molt on one late Nov. specimen; Short-tailed Pygmy-Tyrant WEIGHT-2 00, X = 8.8 g (8.3, 9.3 g); 3 29, x bod~molt on one late Nov. and one early Apr. Rufous-tailed Flatbill = 8.5 g (SD = 1.25; range 7.5-9.9 g). specimen; molt absent from five specimens from SPECIMENS-2 (140 m). SPECIMENS-4 (140 m). IRIs- Dark brown. early Dec., late Jan., and mid- to late Feb. WEIGHT-3.8 g (I d); 4.5 g (I e). GoNADS-Moderate-Apr. (1 d). BILL-Black; mandible with pinkish tip. IRIS_ Dark brown. FOOD-Tiny insects in two stomachs' I-mm T ARSUS- Pink. seeds in a third. ' Bn.L_ Black. Specimens taken in bamboo and one individ- GoNADS-large-Mar. (I d); moderate-Mar. TARSUs- Pinkish gray. ual heard in bamboo (JO) constitute the only Co~mon in forest; not encountered in high, (1 d); small-Feb. (2 29), Apr. (I 2). GONADS-Large_Apr. (I ~). records. A juvenile was collected in late Mar. elevation scrub: Recently fledged juveniles pres. Infrequently encountered in the understory of ent at 1800 m 10 late Jan. to mid-Feb. Infrequently encountered in forest up to 350 tall upper-elevation forests; apparently docs not m; the pair collected came from the Base Camp occur in the high-elevation scrub. Phelps and Tolomomyias assimilis clearing. Phelps (1955) described the Neblina population Yellow-margined Flycatcher Capsiempis ftaveola as the endemic subspecies ventralis. Yellow Tyrannulet SPECIMENS-6 (140 m). Lophotriceus geleatus WEIGHT-X = 14.5 g (N = 6; SD = 0.43; range SPECIMENS_7 (I40 m). Helmeted Pygmy-Tyrant 14.0-15.2 g). Platyrinchus coronalus WEIGHT_X = 7.5 g (N = 5' SD = 0 39' IRis-Brown to sandy gray. Golden-crowned Spadebill 7.1-8.1 g). '. ,range SPECIMENS_8(140 m); 1(190 m); 3 (san car- BILL-Maxilla black; mandible silvery gray. Iars-, Dark brown. los). TARSUS-Gray. SPECIMENs-IS (140 m); I (190 m): I (220 m); BILL- Black; mandible with flesh base WEIGHT_2 dd, .e = 7.3 g (7.1,7.5 g); 2 W,x GoNADS-Moderate-Feb. (I d); small-Feb. 2 (San Carlos). TARSUS_Dark gray to black. . = 5.8 g (5.5, 6.0 g). (I ~),Mar. (1 d). WEIGHT-II 00, .e = 8.8 g (SD = 0.50; range IRIS-White to buffy yellow. 4' WILLARD ET AL.: BIRDS OF CERRO DE LA NEBLINA 43 FIELDIANA: zooLOGY 1 7.9-9.5 g); 6 22, X = 8.2 g (SO = 0.66; range Specimens, taken in lowland forest, constitute Fairly common in understory of tall upper- Rhytiptema simplex 7.6--9.5 g). the only records. elevation forests; not encountered in high-ele- Grayish Mourner IRIS-Dark brown. vation scrub. A Caldas specimen (phelps, 1972) was taken at 550 m on the Brazilian side. Dick- BILL- Maxilla black; mandible grayish 8esh. Terenotriccus erythrurus SPECIMENS-4 (140 m). TARSUS-Pinkish gray. erman and Phelps (1987) described the Neblina Ruddy-tailed Flycatcher WElGHT-x= 33.3g(N = 3;SO= 1.60; range GoNADS-Large-Feb. (I d), Mar. (I d), Apr. population as an endemic subspecies, sadie- 31.5-34.5 g). (4 (3); moderate-Feb. (I d), Mar. (3 (3), Apr. SPECIMENS-5 (140 m); 2 (San Carlos). coatsae. IRIS-Light brown. (222); small-Feb. (I d), Mar. (I 'il), Apr. (I 2). WEiGHT-6 &3, x = 6.6 g (SO = 0.36; range BILL-Black. MOLT-None on five mid-Feb. to early Mar. 6.2-7.2 g); I 2, 5.8 g. TARSUS-Blackish gray. ·Knipolegus poecilurus specimens; wing molt on one mid-Feb. speci- IRis-Brown. GoNADS-Small-Mar. (I d). Rufous-tailed Tyrant men. BILL-Black; mandible with flesh-colored MOLT- Wing and tail molt on two mid-Mar. FOOD-Unidentified insects in three stom- base. Sight record only (OW). One individual ob- specimens. achs. TARSus-Brownish yellow. served foraging in Brocchinia scrub at 1450 m. FOOD-Beetles in one stomach. Common in understory of lowland forest. GoNADS-large-Mar. (3 (3), Apr. (I d); Previously recorded in Amazonas only on Ce- Specimens, taken in forest, constitute the only moderate-Feb. (I d); small-Apr. (12, Id). rros Paraque, Yapacana, and Duida. M. Lentino records. MOLT-None noted in one late Feb. speci- (pees. comm.) collected the species in Nov. 1987 PIatyrinchus pIatyrhynchos men. on Cerro Aracamuni, about 175 km. north of White-crested Spadebill FOOD-Unidentified insects in three stom- Neblina. achs. Laniocera hypopyrra SpECIMENS-2 (140 m). Cinereous Mourner WEiGHT-14.0 g (l d); 11.5 g (I 2). Infrequently encountered in understory of Colonia colonus IRIS- Brown. lowland forest. Long-tailed Tyrant SpECIMENS-5 (140 m). BILL- Maxilla black; mandible black mottled WElGHT-l d, 43.0 g; 2 22, X = 47.8 g (47.0, gray in d, white in 2. SPECIMENS-2 (140 m). Myiobius barbatus 48.5 g); I unsexed, 36.0 g. T ARSUS-Yellowish tan in d, light orange in 2. Sulphur-rumped Flycatcher Specimens, taken together at the edge of a IRIS- Dark brown. GoNADS-Small-Feb. (12, I d). forest clearing by R. McDiarmid in Mar. 1985, BtLL- Black with grayish base on both max- MOLT-Body molt on one; none on second SPEOMENS-2 (140 m); 3 (San carlos). constitute the only record; these are the first illa and mandible. mid-Feb. specimen. WEIGHT-X = 9.9 g (N = 5; SO = 0.98; range records for Amazonas. TARSUS-Gray. FOOD-Unidentified insects in one stomach. 8.8-11.0 g). GoNADS-Moderate-Mar. (1 d); small-Mar. Specimens constitute our only records. Col- lars-, Dark brown. (I 2). lected from understory of forest, where they were BaL-Black; mandible with flesh base. Attila citrinivenbis MOLT- Tail molt in one mid-Mar. specimen; fo~g 1-5 m above the ground in saplings. TARSus-Brownish gray. Citron-bellied Attila none noted in single late Feb. and late Mar. Previously not recorded south of the Rio Guai- GONADS-Moderate-Feb. (I d); small-Feb. specimens. SPECIMENS-1 (140 m). nia in Amazonas. (222). FOOD-Unidentified insects in one stomach. FOOD-Unidentified insects in one stomach. WEiGHT-35.3 g (I d). IRIS-Grayish white. Specimens, taken in lowland forest, constitute Onychorhynchus coronatus Specimens, taken in tall forest, constitute the Bn.i.c-Maxilla brown; mandible gray. the only records. only records. Royal Flycatcher TARSus-Gray. GoNADS-large-Mar. (I d). SPEOMENS-7 (140 m); I (350 m). FOOD-Fruit in the one stomach. ·Myiophobus roraimae Myiozetetes granadensis _ WElGHT_2 &3, x = 14.5 g (14.0, 15.0 g); 4 22, Specimen constitutes the only record. x = 12.2 g (SO = 1.22; range 11.0-13.5 g). Roraiman Flycatcher Gray-capped Flycatcher IRIS- Dark brown. SPECIMENS-4 (1250 m); 4 (1400 m). BILL- Maxilla dark brown to black; mandible SPECIMENS-I (140 m). WEIGHT-4 M, = 13.6 g (SO = 0.92; range AttiIa spadiceus yellow to orange. .e WElGHT-25.9 g (I 2). Bright-rumped Attila MOUTHLINlNG- Bright orange. 12.2-14.2 g); 3 22, X = 12.7 g (SO = 0.47; range IRIS-Sandy. 12.4-13.2 g). TARSUS-Yellowish orange. SPEOMENs-I (San Carlos). BILL- Black. IRls- Dark brown. GoNADS-Small_Mar. (4 &), Apr. (I 'j Nov WElGHT-31.3 g (1 unsexed). T ARSUS-Black. (I d). ' . BILL-Maxilla black; mandible yellow to bus-. Medium brown. GoNADS-Large-Apr. (I 2). pinkish orange . . MOLT-Wing and tail molt on a single spec_ BILL- Maxilla dark brown; mandible flesh. Found regularly in open vegetation along edge tmen from late Nov' body molt on f TARSUS-Grayish brown. ., one rom TARSus-Dark gray. of Rio Daria. In Amazonas. the species previ- late Mar.; none noted on two early M GoNADS-Large_Feb. (I d), Mar. (1 d), Apr· imens. ar. spec_ (I d); small-Feb. (I a), Mar. (I 2), Apr. (I 9).. Sight records only from Neblina, where en- ously was not recorded south of Rio Cunucunu, countered regularly in lowland forest. rna near Cerro Duida. FOOD-Unidentified insects in one stomach. MOLT-None noted on one late Mar. specl" men. => 44 WILLARD ET AL.: BIRDS OF CERRO OE LA NEBLINA 45 FIELOIANA: ZOOLOGY Myiodynastes maculatus BILL-Black; mandible with flesh-colored Foooc-Fruit pulp and small seeds in four IRJS-Brown. Streaked Flycatcher base. stomachs. BILL-Black; mandible with grayish base. TARSus-Dark gray. TARSUs-Blackish gray. Infrequently encountered in lowland forest. Sight record only (OW). Seen only once, in GoNADS-Large-Feb. (l <1), Mar. (I ~). GoNADS-Large-Feb. (2M), Mar. (1 d),Apr. One pair observed moving through thicket of mid-Apr., invegetationat edge of river at 140 m. (I 2); moderate-Mar. (I a), Apr. (1 2); small- Specimens, all taken in bamboo at edge of saplings in large treefall, giving a single high- Feb. (I 2). Rio Baria, constitute the only records. pitched whistle- "psseet" (MF). MOLT- Tail and body molt noted in one late Legates leucophaius Feb. specimen, whereas none was noted in four Piratic Flycatcher Schlffomis turdlnus Tyranneutes stolzmanni additional late Feb. and early Mar. specimens. FOOD- Fruit in two stomachs; one specimen Sight records only (10, DW). Regularly seen Thrush-like Manakin Dwarf Tyrant-Manakin and heard calling in open vegetation at edge of with empty stomach had apparently been feed- river at 140 m, Feb. and Mar. 1985. SPECIMENS-17 (140 m); I (350 m); I (SaD SPEOMENS-6 (140 m); 1 (San Carlos). ing in Pagamea p!icara (Rubiaceae [MF). WEIGHT-X = 7.2 g(N = 6; SD = 0.27; range Carlos). Observed singly in understory oflowland for- 6.9-7.5 g). WEJGHT-7~, .e = 29.4 g (SD'" 0.77;1UP est. Pachyramphus marginatus 28.3-30.3 g); 3 99,.~= 30.7 g (SD = 1.57;range IRis-Sandy gray to white. Black-capped Becard 29.5-32.5 g); 2 unsexed (33.0, 34.0 g). Brt.t.c-Maxilla black; mandible grayish with IRIS- Dark brown to grayish brown. black tip. SPECIMENS-I(140 m). Pipra pipra Blu-Dark brown; mandible occasionally TARSus-Dark gray. WEIGHT-17.5 g (I ~). White-crowned Manakin with flesh-colored base. GoNADS-Large-Mar. (I~,2 0303), Apr. (1 d), GoNADS-Moderate-Nov. (I a). TARSus-Gray-brown. May (I a). SPECIMENS-IS (140 m); 3 (San Carlos). MOLT-Noted on one early Mar. and absent WEIGHT-4 0303, ~ = 10.5 g (identical weights Specimen, collected in lowland forest con- GONADS-large-Apr. (l d); moderate-Feb. from two additional early Mar. specimens. for all four); 8 22,~ = 12.6 g (SD = 2.28; range stitutes our only record. ' (l 2, 2 M), Mar. (I d); small-Feb. (I 2, 1 ~~ FOOD-Fruit, including Pouruma (Moraceae 9.6--17.0 g). Mar. (I a), Apr. (I 2). [MF]), in two stomachs; insects in one. 1RIs- Reddish orange in 0303; dark brown to MOLT- Wing and tail molt noted on twolalc Pachyramphus minor reddish orange in 22. Feb. specimens. with none noted on twootbcI1 Heard regularly in forest up to 250 m, 6--10 BILL-Maxilla black; mandible pale gray. Pink-throated Becard from the same period; body molt on one early m up in trees. Solitary and widely dispersed. TARSUS-Dark gray to black. Mar. specimen. SPECIMENS_I(140 m). GoNADS-Large-Mar. (1 2, with yolldng egg), WEIGHT-36.5 g (1 <1). FOOD-Unidentified insects in one stomach; Neopelma chrysocephalum Apr. (12, with yo1kingegg; I d); moderate-Feb. plant material consisting offruit pulp and IRIS-Dark brown. smaR Saffron-crested Tyrant-Manakin (I 2), Mar. (2 22, I d), Apr. (I 2); small-Jan. (I B~-Maxillablack;mandiblegraywith black seeds found in four additional stomachs. 2), Feb. (I 2, 2 03d). torruum. SPEClMENs-4 (140 m). Heard regularly in lowland forest. MOLT-light body molt noted in one late Feb. TARSUS-Gray. WEIGHT-~= I5.6g(N=4;SD= 0.96; range specimen; none in four specimens from mid- GoNADS-large-Mar. (I <1). 14.8-17.0 g). and late Feb. and early Mar. lnrs-c-Orangish white. im~~LT-NOne noted on one early Mar. spec- FOOD-Fruit, including Pagamea plicata Piprites chloris BILL- Maxilla black; mandible white with (Rubiaceae [MF]), in three stomachs. grayish brown tip. FOOD-Unidentified insects in one stomach. Wing-barred Manakin TARSus-Pinkish gray. Fairly common in understory oflowland for- Specimen, taken from forest canopy consti Sight records only (OW). Regularly heardcaII- GoNADS-Large-Feb. (I a), Mar. (2 M). est. Caldas collected one individual (unpubl.) at tutes our only record. ,. ing in floodplain forest at 140 rn. MOLT-Light body molt in two early Mar. 1500 m on the Brazilian side. specimens; none in one late Feb. specimen. Poonc-Unidentified insects in one stomach; Tityra cayana Neopipo cinnamomea fruit in two stomachs, identified as Pagamea Pipra coronata Black-tailed Thyra Cinnamon Manakin plicata (Rubiaceae [MF)) in one. Blue-crowned Manakin Not recorded on curre . In forest understory, usually alone, where SpECIMENs-26 (140 m); 2 (350 m); 26 (San 550 m by Caldas on nt tri~,.but ~ollected at SPEOMENS_6(140 m); 2 (San Carlos). heard calling loudly in Mar. (MF). Carlos). 1971 (unpubl.). the Brazdtan side in Jan. WEIGHT_ 3 ad, X = 7.5 g (SD = 0.42; range 7.2-8.0 g); 2 22, .e = 6.4 g (6.3, 6.5 g). WEJGHT-27 0303, X = 8.9 g (SD = 0.81; range 7.5-10.5 g); 1122, X = 10.5 g (SD = 1.28; range IRIs_ Dark brown. Heterecercus flavivertex 8.8-13.0 g). BILL-Black; mandible with pale brownbase. Schiffornis major Yellow-crowned Manakin IRis-Dark brown to reddish brown. Greater Manakin TARSUS-Grayish brown. Fb. BILL-Maxilla black; mandible pale gray. GoNADS-I...arge_May (1 a); moderate- eI SPEOMENS-13 (140 m); I (San Carlos). WEIGHT-5 M, X 21.5 g (SD 1.92; range TARSus-Blackish gray. SPEOMENs_3(140 m). (I d), Apr. (I a); small-Feb. (1 2), Madl2, = = GoNADS-Large-Feb. (5 0303), Mar. (11 M), WEIGHT-29.1 g (I d). I9J~-24.0 g); )92, .e = 21.7 g (SD = 1.27; range 'J. Apr. (3 22, one with yolking egg); moderate- IIUS_Dark brown. MOLT-None noted in four specimens froill 21.0-23.2 g). early and mid-Feb. and early Mar. 46 WILLARD ET AL.: BIRDS OF CERRO DE LA NEBLINA 47 F1ELDIANA: ZOOLOOY .. ,. 13 &$), Dec. (2 &3); moderate- Feb. (2 99, 4 &$), Feb. (1 s, I d), Mar. (3 22, 3 &1); small-Feb. (2 Seen and heard regularly in lowland forest TARSUS-Black. Mar. (1 e, 4 &1), Dec. (8 &1); small-Mar. (2 99). 22), Mar. (1 ~), Apr. (2 &$). near river (SC). In Amazonas, previously known GoNADS-large-Feb. (I ~);small-Mar. (1 MOLT-Heavy wing and body molt noted on MOLT-Wing molt on one and body molt on only from along Rio Negro at EI Carmen. '). six specimens from early and late Feb., mid- two additional specimens from early Mar.; ab- MOLT-Body molt on both specimens, mid- and late Mar., and early Apr.; heavy body molt sent from 19 additional specimens taken from Feb. and early Mar. on two from early and mid-Mar., with light body early Feb. to late Mar.; four males molting from Iodopleora isabeUae Fooo-Pagamea p/icata (Rubiaceae) fruit in molt on one late Jan., three late Feb., and one immature to adult plumage taken from lek in white-brewed Purple-tuft one stomach (MF). early Mar. specimens; no molt noted on seven mid-Feb. after adult males were collected in Dec. specimens from mid-Feb. to early Mar.; much FOOD-Fruit in 19 stomachs, some with seeds Sight record only (DW). A single individual, Specimens, taken from fruiting trees, consti- of molt noted was in subadult &$. up to 9 mm, identified as Pagamea plicata (Ru- perched in treetop at edge of heliport clearing tute our only records. FOOD-Fruit, including Ficus sp. (Moraceae biaceae) and Ficus sp. (Moraceae) in several at Base Camp, constitutes our only record. [MF]), found in 10 stomachs. stomachs (MF). Haematoderus militaris Common in understory of lowland forest. Common throughout lowland forest. Active Lipaugus vociferans Crimson Fruitcrow Males occupying display arenas in Feb. and Mar. display by males at one lek in all months Dec. Screaming Piha (Mf). to Apr. Sight record only (MF). A single female in SPfClMENS-1 (140 m); I (San Carlos). forest at 140 m on 13 Feb. 1984, recognized by WEIGHT-X = 76.5 g (74.9, 78.0 g). combination of red head and underparts, and brownish black back and wings, and separated *Pipra comuta IRIS-Grayish brown. *Pipra serena BILL-Dark brown. from the similar Phoenicircus nigricoltis by its Scarlet-horned Manakin White-fronted Manakin TARSUS-Dark brown to dark gray. much larger size. It perched on an open dead branch under the canopy. This is the first record SPECIMENs-2 (750 m); 12 (1250 m); I (1400 SPEClMENs-3 (1400 m). Commonly heard calling in areas of richer of the species for Venezuela. The closest records m). WEIGHT-3 w, x = 25.3 g (SD = 3.55; range forest, up to 350 m. Collected up to 500 m by 21.5-28.5 g). are from Manaus, Brazil (Snow, 1982). WEloHT-4 &$, x = 10.4 g (SO = 0.34; range Caldas in Dec. 1970 on the Brazilian side (un- 10.0-10.8 g); 3 22, x = 11.0 g (SD = 0.68; range IRIS-Creamy white in two, dark brown in publ.]. 10.2-11.5 g). one (all 29). *Rupicola rupkola Bru.- Dusky brown. IRIS- Dark brown. Guianan Cock-of-the-rock Bru.- Black. TARSus-Yellowish flesh. Cotinga cayana GoNADS_ Large- Feb. (3 ~9, one with yolkins SPECIMENS-2(140 m); 1 (190 m); I (1250 m); TARSUS- Black to blackish brown. Spangled Cotinga GoNADS-large-Mar. (l d); moderate-Mar. ogg). 4 (1400 m); I (San Carlos). (229, 1 d), Apr. (1 d); small-Apr. (1 9,2 &$). MOLT-None noted on one late Feb. speci- SPECIMENs-4 (140 m). WEiGHT-2 es, ~ = 206.5 g (188,225 g); 4 22, MOLT-General molt noted 00 three late Mar men. WElGHT-2 &1, X = 64.0 g(63.0, 65.0 g); 2 29, x= 181.0g(SD= 13.61; range 181-198 g). specimens. . x = 67.0 g (65.0, 69.0 g). IRIS-Orange in both sexes. Specimens, taken in understory of taIl forest, FOOD-Fruit in one stomach. IRIS-Brown. Bru.-Reddish orange in M; in 99 dark brown constitute our only records. There are no pre- Bru.- Maxilla black; mandible gray with black with yellow culmen and yellow tip to mandible. vious published records for the species from Fairly common in undentory of tall forests tip. TARSUS-Reddish orange in &5, brownish yel- at midelevations. Caldas and Tavares speci- Neblina, but Caldas collected seven (unpub1.)at TARSus-Black to dark gray. low in '22. mens (unpubL) were collected as high as 1500 1500 m in Dec. 1970. GoNADS-large-Mar. (12); moderate-Mar. GoNADS-Large-Feb. (12); moderate-Mar. m on the Brazilian side. (2 &S); small-Mar. (19). (I 2), Apr. (I 9); small-Feb. (2 &5), Mar. (l 2). MOLT- Light body molt in three offourearly/ MOLT-Light body molt on one late Feb. Pboenicircus uigricollis mid-Mar. specimens. specimen. Black-necked Red-Cotinga FOOD-Fruit in four stomachs, identified as Pipra erytbrocepbala Females and immature males encountered Golden-headed Manakin Pagamea plicata (Rubiaceae) in three (MF). SPEOMENS_4 (140 m). frequently in tall forest at middle elevations; WEIGHT_I 03,90.0 g; 3 103.3 g(SD = 4.04; only one adult d observed (10). Caldas collected SPECIMENS_51(140 m); I (1800 m)' to (S ee, Several small flocks of three to six individuals Carlos). ' an range 99.0-107.0 g). in fruiting trees constitute our only records (MF). the species at 1500 m on the Brazilian side in Dec. 1970 (unpubl.]. WEIGHT-42&,x = 12.0g(SD= 0 89' IRIs-Red. 10.2-13.8 g); 9 99, x = 13.3 g (SD = 1·64: range Bill-Tan. 11.8-17.0 g). . ,range TARSUS- Tan. Xipholena panicea *Notiocbelidon cyanoleuca IRIS-White in dd, dark brown in 29 GoNADS-Large_Mar. (I d); moderate-Mar. Pompadour Cotinga Blue-and-white Swallow BILL-Maxilla dark to pale brown' ~and·bl (19); small-Mar. (I 9). . SPECIMENS-2 (140 m). pale brown to white. ,I e MOLT_ Wing molt on one early Mar. speet- SP£CIM£NS-2 (1800 m). WElGHT-65.0 g (I d); 63.0 g (I ~). TARSUS-Pinkish brown. men; none on single specimens from late Feb. WEiGHT-lO.O g (1 c!); 7.5 g (I 2). IRIS-Grayish white inimmature d, yellowish .GoN~-Large-lan. (I d), Feb. (2 99 and mid-Mar. bus-Dark brown. a With yolking egg; 5 <$d), Mar. (2 29 both ' ?oe FOOD-Fruit, including Pagamea plical white in 9. , yolking; BOL-Black. (Rubiaceae [MF]), in three stomachs. Bru.-Grayish brown. 48 WILLARD ET AL.: BIRDS OF CERRO DE LA NEBLINA 49 AELDIANA: zOOLOGY TARSUS-Dusky brown. Riparia rlparia TARSUS-Bluish gray. Specimens, taken in forest, constitute the only GoNADS-large-Feb. (I d); small-Feb. (l Bank Swallow GoNADS-Modera1e-Feb. (I e). records. The April '? was a recently fledged ju- 'J. venile. A Caldas specimen (unpubl.) was taken The single specimen, collected at the edge of MOLT-Moderate body molt on juvenile from Migrant from North America, not recorded at 1500 m on the Brazilian side, and seven were early Feb.; none on adult. ?n current trip, but collected at 2000 m by Perez the Rio Haria, constitutes the only record. In taken at 1800 m on the Phelps 1954 expedition FOOD-Unidentified tiny insects in one stom- m Oct. 1970 (unpubl.). Amazonas, the species was previously not re- (phelps and Phelps, 1965). ach. corded south of the Caiio Casiquiare. The two specimens were taken along a stream *Microcerculus ustulatus Individuals and small loose flocks were com~ Hirundo rusdca Flutist Wren monly observed from 1400 to 2000 m. The fe- Barn Swallow *Troglodytes rufulos male was recently ftedged. Tepui Wren SPECIMENS-l (140 m). SPEaMENS-2 (1250 m); 2 (1400 m); 3 (1800 WEiGHT-14.0 g (I e). SPEaMENS-4 (1800 m); 3 (2100 m). m). WEIGHT-6 <$d, of = 22.6 g (SO = 0.74; range GoNADS-Small-Nov. (I '?). WEIGHT-3 <$d, .e = 15.5 g (SO = 1.32; range Atticora fasciata 21.8-23.5 g); 1 e, 18.7 g. 14.0-16.5 g); 3 2'?, .e = 16.7 g (SO = 2.80; range White-banded Swallow Migrant from North America. Specimen, col- IRIS-Dark brown. 13.9-19.5 g). lected 26 Nov. 1984, constitutes our only rec- BILL-Maxilla blackish brown; mandible SPEClMENs-9 (140 m). IRIS- Dark brown. ord. Caldas and Perez collected five specimens dusky brown to pinkish flesh. WEIGHT-X = 12.8g(N=8·SO= 113' BILL-Dusky brown; mandible with silvery (unpubl.)from 2000 t02300 m in Oct. and Nov. TARSUS- Blackish. 10.5-14.0 g). ,. , range gray base. 1970. GoNADS-large-Feb. (I d), Mar. (2 M); Iats-, Dark brown. TARSUS-Brownish gray. moderate-Jan. (1 d), Feb. (I d); small-Feb. (1 BILL- Black. GoNADS-Moderate-Jan. (I d), Feb. (2 M), ,). TARSUS-Dark gray to black. Mar. (I d); small-Feb. (3 '?'?). MOLT-Light body molt on one late Feb. GoNADS-Small-Feb. (I '?) Mar (19) Nov Thryothorus coraya MOLT- Body molt on one late Feb. specimen; (I '?). ' . , . specimen. Coraya Wren none on single specimens from late Jan. and FOOD-Small insects in three stomachs, iden- MOLT-Wing and tail molt on three individ, early Feb. SPEClMENS-14 (140 m); I (1250 m); 7 (san tified as beetles in one. uals from late Feb. and late Mar.; no molt on FOOD-Insects in three stomachs, identified Carlos). one late Nov. specimen. as beetles and as lepidopteran larva in one. Commonly heard singing from mossy floor of WEiGHT-7 M, = 17.2 g (SO = 1.09; range Foon-e-Unidentified insects in one stomach. .e tall forest and bamboo at middle and upper el- Fairly common in understory of middle- to 15.3--18.2 g); 4 '29, of = 15.7 g (SO = 0.88; range evations. Some late Jan. and early Feb. speci- Commonly observed foraging over Rio b __- upper-elevation forest, particularly in bamboo carra. 15.0-16.9 g); I unsexed, 20.3 g. mens appeared to be recently fledged juveniles. stands. Sight record at 1250 m (JO. Usually Ixrs-e-Dark brown. One individual collected at 1850 m on the Phelps found about 2-4 m above the ground, gleaning Bll.L-Maxilla black; mandible silver. 1954 expedition (Phelps and Phelps, 1965) rep- Neechehden tibialis from small vines and mossy limbs (10). Col- TARSUs-Blackish brown. resents the highest elevational record for Ne- White-thighed Swallow lected as high as 2350 m by Perez in Oct. 1970 ~NADS-Large-Mar. (l d), Apr. (I s, with blina. yolking egg; I d); moderate-Feb. (I d), Mar. (2 and Tavares in Feb. and Mar. 1965 (both UD- SPECIMENS-I (140 m). 2'?, I d), Apr. (2 M), Dec. (1 d); small-Feb. (I publ.). Phelps and Phelps (1955) described the WEiGHT-tO.5 g (1 '?). d), Mar. (l '?), Apr. (l e, I d). Neblina population as the endemic subspecies IRIS-Dark brown. Microcerculus bambla wetmorei. Bna>- Black. M?LT-Heavy body molt on one early Mar. Wing-banded Wren T ARSUS-Black. specimen; none on three specimens from early Dec. and early and mid-Apr. SPECIMENS-II (140 m). GoNADS-Small_Feb. (1 '?). WEIGHT-5 M, of = 19.6 g (SO = 1.63; range Fcon-, Insects in four stomachs identified as Henicorhina leucosdct& The single . 17.0-21.5 g); 3 2'?,of = 18.5 g (SO = 0.50; range I' specimen, taken over the heliport beetles in two and as ants in one (OW). White-breasted Wood-Wren c ~ at the ~se Camp, constitutes our only 18.0-19.0 g). Common in bamboo at river's edge in low- recor . The species was previously recorded . SPECIMENS- (140 m). bus-. Dark brown. lands; the specimen from 1250 m was taken in Amazonas only east of Cerro Duida in WEIGHT-X = 13.6 g (N = 3; SO = 0.47; range BILL-Black; mandible with yellowish to the upper Orinoco. I and along a tree blow down. Recently fledged juveniles pinkish base. 13.2-14.1 g). were present in mid-Feb. and early Mar. IRis-Dark brown. T ARSUS- Dusky brown. Bn.r.c-Black; mandible pink in a juvenile GoNADS-large-Feb. (I d); moderate-Feb. (2 <$d), Apr. (I 2, I d); small-Feb. (2 es, I a), Stelgidopteryx ruficollis specimen. Southern Rough-winged Swallow Thryothorus leueods TARSUS-Dark gray-brown to pinkish gray. Apr. (I d). Buff-breasted Wren GoNADS-Moderate-Apr. (1 d); small-Apr. MOLT-Heavy body molt on one early Feb. Sight record only (OW). One indi id specimen; none noted on two additional spec- along Rio Daria in Apr. 1984 In Am VI ual seen (I '). SPEC1MENs_I (140 m). MOLT-General body molt in the Apr. ju- imens from mid-Feb. and early Apr. recorded previously south OfYavi:~na~,n~t WElGlIT-17.8 g (l '?). FooD-Unidentified insects in two stomachs; venile; none in the adult. and the vicinity of Cerro Duida. - nuchin IRJS-Dark brown D . FOOD-Unidentified insects in one stomach. small spiders in one. ILL-Maxilla black; mandible silver. so 51 WILlARD ET AL.: BIRDS OF CERRO DE LA NEBLINA Occasionally heard singing in understory of TARSUS-Brownish orange. *Twos ipobUs Mkrobates coIIaris lowland forest. Some specimens from late Feb GoNADS-Moderate-Feb. (1 2). Black-billed Thrush CoUared Gnatwren through Apr. were recently 8edgedjuveniles. A MOLT-Body molt in single specimen. Caldas specimen (unpubl.) was taken at 1500 m SPI!ClMENS-7(140 m); 2 (190 m); I(San Car- Sight records only (OW). Small groups pres-- in Dec. 1970. Specimen, taken in Brocchinia scrub, consti- los). ent inforest of main canyon of Rio Barta at 750 !utes the only record. The species is very local WElOHT-.t= 9.9 g(N = 7; SO = 0.72; range m. In Amazonas, known from several northern 18 Amazonas, with records from Cerros Paraque 9.0-1l.O g). tepuis and from both upper and lower slopes of and p~ in the north, and from the Sierra Tapi- bus-Dark brown. Catharus fuscescens Cerro Duida; previously not recorded on Ne- ra~, Just northeast of Neblina, where it was BILL-Maxilla black; mandible pearly gray. Veery blina. In the Pantepui, there are lowland and previously unrecorded. TARSUS-Gray. bigbl.and subspecies; as we did not encounter GoNADS-large-Apr. (I 03); modemte-Apr. SPEcIMENs-I (140 m). the species in the lowlands, we assume the Ne- (1 2); small-Mar. (2 &$), Apr. (I .$). WEIGHT-31.4 g (1 d). blina population represents the highland form. IRIS-Dark brown. MOLT- Wing molt on one late Feb. specimen; Bill-Maxilla dark brown' mandible 8esh *Twos oUvater body molt on three specimens from early Mar. with dark tip. ' Black-hooded Thrush and early Apr.; no molt noted on additional TARSUS-Medium brown. early Mar. specimen. Turdos lawrencll GoNADS-Small_Apr. (l d). SPECIMENs-2 (1250 m); 2 (1400 m); 80(1800 FOOD-Insects in three stomachs, with ants Lawrence's Thrush MOLT-None on single Apr. specimen. m); 3 (2000 m); 6 (2100 m). making up part of the contents of one (OW). WEJOHT-51 &,.t = 84.8 g (SO = 4.99; range ~t from North America. Specimen, SPECIMENS-I 03(140 m). Infrequently encountered in understory of 70.0-94.8 g); 24 22,.t = 88.5 g(SO = 7.33; range lowland forest. taken in lowland forest, constitutes our only rec- bus-Dark brown. 76.8-104.0 g); I unsexed, 66.6 g. ord. ORBITAL SKIN-Yellow. bus-Dark brown. BILL-Yellow. ORBITAL SKIN- Yellow-orange in adults. Ramphocaenos meIanurus TARSUs-Tan. MOUTH1..ININo- Yellow-orange. Long-billed Gnatwren GoNADS-Moderate-Mar. (I d). Catharus minimus BILL-Chrome yellow in adult & brownish MOLT-None on Mar. specimen. SPECIMENS-2 (140 m). Gray-cheeked Thrush yellow to chrome yellow in adult 22' 'brown of- ten ith ' , FOOD-Pagamea plicata (Rubiaceae [MFl) in WElOHT-of = 9.9 g (9.8, 10.0 g). WI pale tip, in juveniles .. SPEOMENS-9 (140 m); 2 (350m)' 2 (San Car one stomach. Im- Medium brown. ~. ,- .T~~-Mustard yelIow in adults, pinkish BILL-Maxilla brown; mandible grayish tan. olive m Juveniles. Regularly heard singing from canopy of low- WEJGHT-X = 28.2 g (N = 10; SO = 352' TAJtSUs-Gray. GoNADS-large_Jan. (I <3), Feb. (2 22,10036), land forest. In Amazonas, previously recorded range 25.4-38.0 (1;). • , GoNADS-Moderate-Mar. (I d). only along Rio Negro near EI Carmen. 1Ius- Dark brown. ""') . (2 M), Apr. (1 <3), Nov. (1 2, 1 d), Dec. (I MOLT-None on either early Mar. specimen. B~LL-Maxilla blackish brown' mandibl I 03; moderate-Jan. (2 &), Feb. (7 &$); small- lowish with dark tip. ' eye - Jan. (3 22, 7 &$), Feb. 10 22, 14 &). Infrequently observed in forest, usually in midlevel mixed-species flocks, up to 350 m. TARSUS-Pinkish brown. . ::o.LT-Wing and tail molt noted on single Turdos albicollis GoNADS-Small_Feb. (12 2 ") M m viduats from late Jan. and early Feb.; body 2 &$). ' <><), ar. (2 W, m~lt noted on II specimens from late Jan. to White-necked Thrush MOLT-None on six specim mid-Feb.; no molt on five specimens from late Poliopdla gaianensis mid-Feb. to late Mar. ens taken from Nov. and early Dec. SPEClMENs-15 (140 m); 2 (San Carlos). Guianan Gnatcateher WEIGHT-5 036,45.8 g(SO = 2.95; range 42.0- FOOD Beet! . FOOD-Nine stomachs contained fruit with - es m one stomach' "--'I ' 48.9 g); 5 92, 52.4 g (SO = 1.97; range 40.3-61.8 SPEClMENs-I (140 m). others. ,uw 18 two seeds(MF), includingDrymis roraimensisC/'lin- MOLT-General molt in the one late Mar. teraeae), Graffenrieda reticuJata (Metastoma- g), IRJS- Dark brown. specimen. Migrant from North America Com . ceae), and Clusia metcntort (Guttifeme); two of undeI1ltory of lowland forest fro~ N rnon 18 BILL- Maxilla dark brown; mandible dark: 10 these stomachs also contained unidentified in- Regular member of mixed-species canopy Mar.; not seen after early Apr. ov. to late -., pale brown. 80cks in lowland forest. T ARSUS- Medium to dark: brown. Extremely common in forest and open scrub GoNADS-large-Feb. (2 &$), Mar. (2 &$), Apr. *Platycicbla leueops at upper elevations. At 1800 m in late Jan. and (I 2, with yolking egg; 1 d), May (l 2); moder- .ZoDOniCbia capensis earl~ Feb., there were many recently fledgedju- ate-Mar. (l 2); small-Feb. (12). Pale-eyed Thrush Rufous-coUared Sparrow ~eniles. Brood patch present in an early Dec. '2. MOLT-None noted on three individuals from SPEClMENS-1 (2100 m). ~orales specimen was taken at 2450 m in late Feb., early Mar., and early Apr. SPEClMENS-2 (1850 m); 2 (2000 m); 1 (2100 WEJOHT-61.0 g (12). . 1965, and a Caldas specimen from Dec· FOOD-Fruit with 3-mm soft seeds in one m), IRIS-Gray. 1970, ~s collected at 500 m (both unpubl.), stomach. WElOKT-.t= 23.5g(N= 4;SO= 1.23; range Bll.L- Brown. proVIding elevational extremes. PhelPS and Common in understory of lowland forest. 22.0-24.5 g). MOUTHLrNmG-Orange. Phelps (1955) described the Neblina population bus-Dark brown. Specimen injuvenile plumage in mid-Feb. as the endemic subspecies kemp/om. 52 WILLARD ET AL.: BIRDS OF CERRO OE LA NEBLINA 53 FIELOIANA: zooLOGy BIlL- Maxilla black; mandible gray with black Moderately common in Brocchinia scrub at tified as Gra./fendria reucutasa (Melastomaceae Bw.-Black; mandible with silver base. tip. upper elevations. Specimen injuvenile plumasc [MF]). TARSUS-Dark brown.. TARSUs-Brown. taken in mid-Feb. at 1800 m. Specimens taken GoNADS-large-Mar. (3 ad), Apr. (l e, 1 a); GoNADS-Moderate-Fcb. (I i); small-Feb. Common, usually in small groups near the as high as 2475 m by Tavares in Mar, 1965 moderate-Feb. (12, I a), Mar. (I i), Apr. (19); (1 ~), Apr. (1 a). ground, in brushy habitats at middle and upper (unpubl.). small-Apr. (1 a). MOLT-Extensive body molt on one mid-Feb. elevations, often in or near bamboo. Juveniles MOLT-Body molt noted on four specimens specimen. present in late Nov., early Dec., and mid-Feb.; from late Feb., mid-Mar., and early Apr.; no FOOD-Tiny seeds in two stomachs. brood patches present on single late Nov. and Arremon tadtumus molt noted on late Nov. individual. early Dec. specimens. Collected as high as 2450 Apparently restricted to open Bonnetia scrub Pectoral Sparrow FOOD-One stomach with combination of m by Morales in Mar. 1965 (unpubl.), The Ne- on high plateaus, where it is moderately com- seeds and unidentified insects. SPECIMENS-18 (140 m); 14 (San Carlos). blina population has been described as the en- mon. Juvenile with accompanying adult col- WElOHT-15 ad,.f "" 24.6 g (SO"" 1.32; range demic subspecies jugu/aris (Phelps and Phelps, Common at edge of river in lowlands, pri- lected mid-Apr. 1984. Collected as high as 2475 22.7-26.8 g); 8 ee, .e "" 24.3 g (SO"" 1.26; range 1955). marily in bamboo. m by Tavares in Feb. and Mar. 1965 (Phelps, 22.0-25.9 g). 1972). Phelps and Phelps (1965) described the IRIS-Brown. Neblina population as the endemic subspecies BILL-Black. inaccessibiiis, TARSUS-Pinkish gray. Caryothraustes canadensis Passerina cyanoides GoNADS-Large-Feb. (2 ad), Mar. (I e, 7 M), Yellow-green Grosbeak Blue-black Grosbeak. Apr. (3 &5); moderate-Mar. (1 a), Dec. (l d); *Haplospiza nstica Sight records only (OW). Conspicuous and SPI:CIMENS-4 (140 m); 7 (San Carlos). small-Mar. (I i). Slaty Finch common member of one Beck at 350 m, late WEiGHT-6 &!,.f = 24.2 g (SO = 1.26; range MOLT-Body molt noted on three specimens Mar. 1984. 23.0-26.2 g); 4 W,.f "" 23.9 g (SO = 1.34; range SPECIMENS-I (1800 m). from mid~Feb. to mid-Mar.; no molt on single 22.1-25.0 g). WEiGHT-15.5 g{I 9). early Dec. specimen. bus- Dark brown.. IRtS- Dark brown. FOOD-Seeds and fruit fiber in one stomach. Pitylus grossus Bill-Black; mandible with silver base in &$. BILL-Dusky brown. TARSUS-Black.. Common in understory of lowland forest. Slate-colored Grosbeak TARSUS-Dark brown. Specimens taken at 1300 m on the Phelps 1954 GoNADS-l.aIpe-Feb. (I a), Mar. (I 2, I d); GoNADS-Small-Fcb. (1 i). expedition (Phelps and Phelps, 1965) and from SPECIMENS-12 (140 m); I (San Carlos). moderate-Feb. (I a), Mar. (1 9); small-Mar. (I '). Specimen, taken in understory of tall cloud 1500 m by Caldas in Dec. 1970 (unpubl.). WEiGlIT-6 ad, .f "" 46.2 g (SO"" 3.6; range MOLT-None noted on two specimens from forest, constitutes the only record. The species 43.5-53.0 g); 4 W, x ""43.3 g (SO = 2.6; range mid- and late Feb. was previously not recorded in Amazonas; ven- 41.Q-47.0 g). Atlapetes personatus FOOD-Fruit in one stomach. ezuelan records are restricted to Sierra de Perija, * bus-Dark brown. the coastal range, and to Chimanta-tepui in Bo, Tepui Brush-Finch Bnr.c-Red. Infrequently encountered in lowland forest. livar. Parker (1982) considered this species to TARSUS-Blackish gray. SPEClMENS-6 (750 m); 4 (1250 m); 4 (1400 GoNADS-large-Feb. (I s, I a), Mar. (3 ad); be a bamboo specialist, and bamboo com. was m); 19 (1800 m); 4 (2000 m); 5 (2100 m). mon where our specimen was collected. moderate-Feb. (1 i); small-Jan. (I a), Feb. (2 WElGHT_18 ad,.f = 33.8 g (SO = 2.20; range "'). Hemithraupis ftaricoUis 30.0-37.0 g); 8 se, .e "" 31.6 g (SO"" 1.84; range MOLT-Wing molt on one early Mar. speci- 29.2-33.7 g). Yellow-backed Tanager *eatameala Ilomoc:hroa men', no molt noted on five specimens from Paramo Seedeater bus-Chestnut. mid-Feb. to early Mar. SPEOMEN'S-9 (140 m). BILL-Dark brown to black. FooD-A combination of insects and fruit in WaoHT-3 ad,.f = 12.98 (SD "" 0.53; range SPECIMENs_I (1800 m); 5 (2100 m). TARsUS-Blackish brown. five stomachs; insects, identified as ants, in two 12.5-13.5 g); 3 'ili,.f = 12.2 g (SD "" 1.16; range WEiGHT-(4 W,.f "" 14.4 g (SO"" 0.94; range GoNADS-Large_Jan. (l 5. WILLARD ET AL.: BIRDS OF CERRO OE LA NEBLINA 57 viousjy recorded south only to Rio Ventuari and Tangara gyrola IRIS-Dark brown. teres. Collected at 1500 m by Caldas in Dec. the region east of Cerro Duida. Bay-headed Tanager BILL- Black. 1970 on the Brazilian slope (unpubl.). TARSUS-Dark gray. SPOCIMENS-5(140 m). ~anpra xantbopstra MOLT-Heavy wing and tail molt on two late WEIGHT-X = 18.2 g (N = 5; SD = 1.26; range Feb. specimens. Cyuerpes caendeus Yellow-bellied Tanager 17.0-20.0 g). Purple Honeycreeper SPEClMENS-7 (140 m); 7 (1800 m). IRIS-Dark brown. Infrequently encountered in mixed-species flocks in canopy up to 350 m elevation. WElOHT-I40 m, X = 14.1 g (N = 7; SO = Bn.t-; Black. SPECIMENS-7(140 m); 1 (190 m). 0.75; range 13.0-15.0 g); 1800 m, .e = 17.9 g(N TARSUS-Bluish gray. WElQHT-5 dcJ,.t - 9.9 g (SO = 0.34; range = 7; SO = 1.21; range 16.9-20.0 g). GoNADS-Large_May (I d); small-May (2 9.3-10.0 g); 3 22, .e - 11.2 g (SO = 2.00; range IRIS- Dark brown. 'il'il). Dacnis cayana 10.0-13.5 g). BILL- Maxilla black; mandible silvery gray MOLT- Wing molt on one late Feb. specimen. Blue Dacnis lrus-Dark brown. with black tip. Bll.l..-Black.. Infrequently encountered in mixed-species TARSus-Gray. SPECIMENS-9 (140 m). TARSUS-Bright yellow in dcJ,green in 92. canopy flocks up to 350 m. The species has been WElGHT-3 del, X = 13.9 g (SO = 0.85; range GoNADS-I..arge_ Feb. (I ~,3del); moderate-, GoNADS-large-Feb. (2 dcJ);Mar. (I s. 1 ~). recorded along Rio Negro south to El Carmen, 13.0-14.7 g); 5 22, = 13.1 g (SO = 1.17; range Mar. (I d), Dec. (I d); small-Feb. (2~, 4 dd). x MOLT-Body molt on two early Mar. speci- and in northeastern Amazonas. MOLT-Wing and tail molt noted on single 12.2-15.0 g). mens; none on one late Feb. specimen. late Feb. and early Mar. specimens, with none IRIS-Red. FOOD-Fruit with small seeds in two stom- on five additional late Feb. birds; body molt on BILL- Maxilla blackish; mandible gray with achs; one collected (MF) while foraging in Pa- ~aoKara cyanoptera two early Feb., two late Feb., and one early Mar. dusky tip. gamea plioua (Rubiaceae). specimens. Black-headed Tanager TARSUS-Dull pink. Regular component of mixed-species canopy GoNADS-Large-Feb. (2 W, 2 del); moder- Foon-, Fruit pulp and small seeds in five flocks in lowland forest. One specimen collected SPECIMENS-34 (1800 m); 6 (2100 m). ate-Feb. (2 22); small-Apr. (I 'il), May (I d). stomachs, combined with unidentified insects at 1500 m by Caldas in Dec. 1970 on the Bra- in one. WElGHT_l 9 M, X= 20.7 g(SD = 1.66; range MOLT- Wing and tail molt on two late Feb. 17.1-24.5 g); 1922, X = 22.4 g (SO = 2.24; range specimens, but none on a third from the same zilian slope (unpubl.). . Fairly common in mixed-species flocks, both 18.0-27.5 g). period and one in early Mar.; general molt in m lowland forest and at high elevations. Nu- IRIs-Dark brown. two early Apr. specimens. merous juveniles were present in late Jan. and Bll..L- Maxilla black; mandible ftesh with FOOD-Fruit with small seeds in four stom- CyaDerpes quellS early Feb. at 1800 m. Two disjunct POPulations black tip. achs; seeds described as arillate in one (MF). Red-legged Honeycreeper seem to be involved, with the species absent TARSUS-Medium gray. Regular member of mixed-species canopy SPEC1MENS-5(140 m). from middle elevations. Zimmer (1943) named GoNADS-large_Jan. (1 d), Feb. (2 ss, one WEIGHT-3 dcJ,.e = 12.7 g (SO = 0.29; range ~he ~pper-elevation form T. phelpsi, separat, with yolking egg; 2 dd); moderate-Dec. (I 'il), flocks in lowland forest. x. 12.5--13.0 g); 2 92, X = 14.31 (13.8, 14.8 g). ~ngIt from the nominate lowland form. A spec, Feb. (I d); small-Jan. (2 'il'il), Feb. (9 ee, 13 d&). IRIS-Dark brown. rmeu of pheipsi taken at 1400 m (Phelps and MOLT_Wing and tail molt on many adult Bll.l..-Black.. Phelps, 1965) is the lowest Neblina record for specimens from early Dec. and late Jan. 10 late Cbloropbanes spiza TARSus-Salmon red. the montane form. Feb.; body molt with adult feathers coming in Green Honeycreeper GoNADS-large-Feb. (I ~),Mar. (I 9.36&). on many of the early Feb. juveniles. SPECtMENS-8 (140 m). MOLT-Body molt present in one and absent FOOD-Seven stomachs with fruit (MF), in- ~anpra punctata WEIGHT-3 &d, .e = 16.7 g (SO = 0.42; range from three early Mar. specimens. cludingDrymis roraimensis(Winteraceae), Gra} Spotted Tanager 16.2-17.0 g); 5 22, X = 15.9 g (SO = 2.08; range FOOD-Unidentified insects in three stom- lemMa retimlata (Melastomaceae), and Clusia 13.5-19.0 g). achs; individual observed feeding on nectar in ~igh.t record only (OW). One pair seen for- melchiori (Guttiferae). IRIS-Red. Marcgraviaceae vine (MF). agm~ In forest at 750 m, mid-Mar. 1984. Not Bill-Maxilla black; mandible yellow. prevIOusly recorded on Neblina, but records . Very common memberofmixed-species flocks Infrequently encountered in mixed-species In forcst and Open scrub at upper elevations. TARSUs-Grayish green. from as close as.the Sierra Curupira at the head_ canopy nocks in lowland fOrt1il. wateC5 of the RIO Siapa. Juveniles far outnumbered adults in late Jan. GoNADS-Large-Feb. (I d), Apr. (I 2, witb and early Feb. at 1800 m. A specimen taken at yolking egg); moderate- Feb. (3 22); smaU- Mar. 2200 m by Perez in Oct. 1970 (unpubl.) is the (I '). . ·Diglossa duid.ae --ranKara&'lltata upper elevational extreme for Neblina. MOLT- Wing molt on one early Mar. Speci- Scaled Flower-piercer Speckled Tanager men; body molt on one late ~eb. specimen: no molt on four additional spec1mens from same SPECIMENS-3(1400 cm)6 (1600 m); 17 (1800 Sight rec?rd only on current trip (DW). Small Tangara vella period. m); 4 (2000 m); 15 (2100 m): 1 (2200 m). group In m1:'.:~~species flock at heliport c1earin Opal-rumped Tanager FooD- Fruit with small seeds in three stom- WElOHT-20dcJ,.f= 15.4g(SD= I.70;range at 1250 m. mid-Apr. 1984. One specimen COI~ achs combined with unidentified insects in one: 11.9-18.5 g); 1292,.f = 14.31(50 = 0.77; range I«ted on 1954 Phelps eXpedition at 1800 m SPEClMENs_3 (140 m); 2 (San Carlos). one ~ditional stomach full of ants (MF). 12.9-16.0 g). (Phelps and Phelps, 1965). WElGHT_X = 20.3g(N= 3; SD= 2.1 5; range bus-Dark. brown. 18.2-22.5 g). Infrequently encountered, usually in fruiting 58 ,. WILLARD ET AL.: BIRDS OF CERRO DE LA NEBLINA FIEWIANA: ZOOLOGY Bn.L-MaxiIIa black; mandibJegray with black WEIGHT-.t= 12.0g(N=4; SD= 0.83; range Phelps and Phelps (1961) described the Neblina tip. II.D-13.0g). imens collected at 1500 and 1800 m (Phelps and Phelps, 1965) are the uppermost records for population as an endemic subspecies maguirei. T AllSUS- Blackish brown. Ilus- Dark brown. Neblina. GoNADiS-Large-Feb. (3 6&), Mar. (l ~); BIll-Maxilla black; mandible pinkish gray moderate-Feb. (l 9, 7 6&), Mar. (I d), Apr. (l to greenish gray. d), Nov. (l d); small-Jan. (l 2), Feb. (3 22, 8 TARSUS-Yellowish olive. *Basileoterus birittatos 6&), Apr. (I d), Dec. (I d). *Myioborus miniatus Warbler GoNADS-Small-Apr. (l d), Nov. (l 2). Two-banded MOLT-Heavy body molt in most specimens Slate-throated Redstart MOLT-Heavy body molt on one early Mar. SPEClMENs-2 (1250 m); 2 (1400 m). taken at 2100 m in late Feb.; wing and tail molt specimen; none on late Nov. specimen. SPECIMENS-2 (1250 m); 1 (1400 m). WEIGHT-14.5 g (l d); 13.9 g (12). noted in specimens at 1800m in late Ncv., early FOOD-Tiny beetles in one stomach. WEIGHT-X = 9.4 g (N = J; SD = 0.85; range Dec., and late Jan.; specimens from early Feb. IRIS-Dark brown. 8.6-10.3 g). BILL-Blackish brown; mandible brown with showed only body molt. Migrant from North America. Regular mem- bus-Dark brown. Fcou-c-Insects in two stomachs; commonly ber of mixed-species canopy flocks in lowland flesh base. BILL- Black. TARSUs-Yellowish brown. observed (MF) taking nectar through a hole forest. One specimen was collected at 1500 m T ARSUS- Black. GoNADS-Moderate-Feb. (l .!); small-Feb. pierced in the base of the corolla tube of Psit- on the Phelps 1954 expedition (Phelps and GoNADS-Large-Mar. (I d); small-Feb. (1 (I 2), Mar. (l 2). tacanthus sp. (Loranthaceae) and feeding on the Phelps, 1965). OJ. fruit of Drymis roraimenns (Winteraceae). Fairly common in understory of tall forest at Fairly common in tall mossy forest, usually middle elevations. Collected as low as 500 m Extremely common, usually alone or in pairs Dendroica fusca in canopy, at middle elevations. Twenty speci- by Caldas on the Brazilian slope (unpubl.). in open middle- to high-elevation scrub, with Blackburnian Warbler mens collected at 1800 m (phelps and Phelps, small numbers in tall forest as well. This and 1965) are the uppermost records for Neblina. Campylopterus duidae are the two most com- SPECIMENS_I (140 m); I (1400 m). mon species above 1800 m. Juveniles were pres. Phaeotblypis rlvolaris WEIGHT-B.O g (I ~); 7.7 g (12). River Warbler ent at 1600 m in mid-Apr. and at 1800 m in lJus-Dark brown. *Myioborus brunniceps ~te Jan. and early Feb. Morales collected spec- BILL- Maxilla black; mandible yellow with Brown-capped Redstart SPf.CIMENS-9 (140 m). rmens (unpubL) as high as 2500 m in Mar. 1965. gray tip. WEIGHT-4 ad,.f= 13.1 g(SD = 1.48; ranse SPEClMENS-4 (1400m); 21 (1800 m); I (2000 Dickerman (1987) described the Neblina pop- TARSUS-Light yellow. 11.3-14.9 g); 2 29, .e = 12.1 g(ll.8, 12.4 g). ulation as an endemic subspecies, m); 2 (2100 m). seorseoar- GoNADS-Smail-Mar. (1 2, I d). IRIS-Dark brown. rowcloughi. WEiGHT-IO 6&, x = 11.6 g (SO = 0.44; range MOLT-None on one early Mar. specimen. BILL-Black. 10.8-12.0 g); IJ 29, .e = 10.6 g (SO = 0.86; range FOOD-Unidentified tiny insects in one stom- TARSUS-Yellowish olive. 8.9-12.0 g). ach. GoNADS-Large-Feb. (I.!); moderate-Feb. "'ParuIa pitiayumi IRIs-Dark brown. (I d), Mar. (I d); small-Feb. (12). Tropical Parula BIll-Black. Migrant from North America. Infrequently MOLT-None noted on one late Feb. speci- seen in mixed-species flocks in tall forest at 1400 TARSUS-Black. Sight records only on current trip (J'C, JO, men. rn. A specimen (Phelps and Phelps, 1965) from GoNADS-Large-Feb. (1 d), Apr. (I d); mod- OW). Regular member of flocks in tall forest 1800 m is the uppermost Neblina record. The erate-Feb. (1 2, I d), Mar. (l 2), Dec. (I d); Fairly common at edge of Rio Baria and along from 1250 to 1800 m. Two each were collected specimen from 140 m was the only record from small-Feb. (10 22, 5 6&), Nov. (I d). stream courses in lowland forest. In Amazonas, at 1500 and 1800 m on the 1954 Phelps expe, MOLT-Light to moderate body molt noted previously known only from the far north and dition (Phelps and Phelps, 1965). the lowlands, where winter records in South America are unusual, although D. Stotz (pen. on two specimens from early and mid-Feb.; none from the headwaters of Rio Siapa. comm.) has seen the species in the lowlands noted on two additional specimens from the Dendroica petechia around Manaus, Brazil. same period, as well as from late Nov. and mid- Yellow Warbler Apr. GranateUos pelzelni FOOD-Unidentified tiny insects in five stom- Rose-breasted Chat Sight record only (JC). Migrant from North Setophaga ruticiUa achs. America. previously recorded south in Ama- SPEaMENS-2 (140 m). American Redstart Very common intall forest and in Br~chin~aJ zonas to lasCarmelitas on Rio Yentuari Th WfJGHT-2M,.f= 11.3g(10.0, 12.5 g). ' . ere Bonnetia scrub at upper elevations. This Species are specimens from Taparacuara on up Ri SPECIMENs_2 (1400 m). IRIS-Dark brown. N -8 per 0 and Myioborus miniana appear to be eleva- BILL-Maxilla black; mandible silvery gray. egro ID razil, in the Museu de Zoologia WElGHT_8.8 g (1 ~); 6.9 g (I 2). tional replacements, changingover at about 1400 TARSUS-Medium gray. Universidad Sio Paolo (D. Stotz, pers. comm.): IRIS-Dark brown. BtU-Black. m in the areas we worked. On the Phelps 1954 GoNADS-large-Feb. (I d); small-Jan. (l expedition, minimus was common at 1800 m, TARSUS-Dark brown. 'J. Drndroica striata and brunniceps was collected only from there GoNADS-Smail_Feb. (I ~). Apparently rare in lowlands. One netted at Blackpoll Warbler and above. Whether this reflects an elevational Migrant from North America. Fairly com- shift in the 30 yean between expeditions, hab- edae of Base Camp clearing, and a second tape recorded and shot from about 8 m up in vine SPECIMENS_4(140 m). mon flock member in tall forest at 1400 m; also itat differences between the slopes studied. OT at of Rio Daria (JO). seen in flocks at 350 m and 780 m (DW). Spec- some other variable remains to be determined. 1aJIIle edae 60 61 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY WILLARD ET AL.: BIRDS OF CERRO DE LA NEBUNA Coereba fIa.-eola ~ar member of mixed-species canopy Bananaquit PuracoUus viridis Discussion flocks in lowland forest. In Venezuela, previ- Green Oropendoia ously not recorded south of central Amazo SiJht records only on current trip (OW). Com- nes. Molt mon member of mixed-species flocks in forest Sight records only on current trip (JC. DW). Occasionally observed Bying over Base Camp at 750 m. Collected at 1500 m by Caldas in Dec. *Hylophilns sclateri Approximately 900 specimens represe:ntiq 212 1970 on the Brazilian slope (unpubl.). at 140 m, but apparently scarce. Caldas collected species were examined for molt. Interpreting sea- Tepui Greenlet two specimens (unpubl.) at 1500 m on the Bra- sonal molt patterns is complicated by small sam- zilian slope. S~t record only on current trip (10). One ple sizes. Many species are represented by only Vireo OUV.cellS one or two individuals. whereas others are com- Red-eyed Vireo ~n. m ~ed-species flock with Myioborw mmlQtus, m tall, bromeliad-fi.lled cloud forest monly represented. We do not know the molt sta- tus of individuals not examined and we have no SPEClMENs-5 (140 m). at 1400 m. Two collected at 1800 m on the PsaracoUus yaracares data from mid·May through most of November. WEIGHT_of = 17.3 g (N = 5' SO = I 50· Phelps 1954 expedition (phelps and Phelps 15.5-19.0 g). ,. ,range 1965). ' Olive Oropendola Analysis of those specimens we did examine, bow- ever. shows several trends. IRIs- Red to reddish brown. Sight record only (OW). One group of three At low elevations (140 m up to 750 m), 30-4:5% .Bn.r-; Maxilla blackish gray to black; man- individuals Bying over Base Camp heliport once. of the species collected and checked for molt bad dible pale gray. Hylophilns bnnneiceps at least one individual with wing and/or tail molt TARSUS-Bluish gray. Brown-headed Greenlet from late November to Marcb (fig. 8). From mid- GoNADS-Smail_Nov. (1 i). March through early May, molt dropped sharply, M~LT-Wing and tail molt on two late Feb SPECIMENs_I (140 m). Caclcus cela coincident with the approach of the rainy season specimens; none on one additional specim . WElGHT_1 1.5 g(l i). YeUow-rumped Cacique (Brewer-Carias, 1988). More species bad more in- from same period and one from Nov en !Ius-Dark brown. SPEClMENS-7 (140 m). dividuals molting body plumage than wing and FOOD-Fruit and insects combined in BU-Brown; mandible with pale brown base. WEIGHT-X = 103.0 g (N = 5; SD = 24.67; stomachs. two TARSUS-Pinkish gray. tail at any given time, and body molt did not show range 62.5-123.0 g). the same decrease, but rather occurred at an es- GoNADS-Small_Mar. (1 ~). Common in canopy of lowland forest, IRIS-Light blue. sentially constant level through all months of our M~LT-Scattered body molt on mid-Mar. specimen. Btl.L-Greenish ivory. sample. Pooo-,Unid-n!ifi.. . . TARSUS-Black. At upper elevations (~ 750 m), the pattern was Vireo altiloqullS ... <;U lDsectS m the one stom- ach. GoNADS-Large-Feb. (1 s, 1 d). Apr. (l d); similar. Wing and tail molt were most common Black-whiskered Vireo small-Feb. (I i). somewbatearlier, in late November and early De- MOLT-None in three specimens from early cember, and showed a steady decrease through SPEClME:Ns_1(2100 m). . Specimen, taken from midlevel mixed-spe- caes flock in lowland forest, constitutes our only Feb. and early Mar. April and early May, when we found virtually no GoNADS-Smail_Mar. (I d). FOOD-Fruit pulp with seeds in one stomach. individuals of any species molting these feathers. MOLT-Light general molt. record. Previously recorded in Amazonas south only to the Caiio Casiquiare. As in the lowlands, incidence of body molt was Common along edge of Rio Ba:ria. where there .Migrant from the West Indies. Specimen higher than that of wing and tail molt; body molt were several nesting colonies; also regu.larty sutures our only record Pre . con- occurred at a fairly constant level throughout our A . VlOUS records for found in interior of lowland forest. mazonas were confined to the lowlands Hylophilus ochraceiceps sample, even while wing and tail molt decreased. Cerro Duida: th high ~ near , e elevation appears un Tawny-crowned Greenlet al. as most Venezuelan records fro usn- lands. are m low, SI'ECIMENs_1O (140 m); 3 (San Carlos). Icterus cayanensis Gotuodal Data WEIGHT_X = 10.6 g (N = 12; SO = 1.00; Moriche Oriole range 9.5-13.5 g). Miller (19:54), in a study of 10 species near the Hylophilus masdcapiDUS IRIS-Grayish white. SPECtMENS-2 (140 m). Equator in Colombia, found that eight bad indi- Buff-chested Greenlet ;D..L-MaxiUa black; mandible grayish white. WEIGHT-38.0 g (l d); 40.5 g (I i). viduals in "physiological readiness" for breeding IRIS- Dark brown. SPECIMENS_ 2 (140 m). ARSUs-Light gray. throughout the year, whereas two showed highly Blll.-Black. WElGHT_ 11.2 I (I d). GoNADS-l..arge_Mar. (2 M), Apr. (l d); cyclical breodi.n& activity, one in primarily dry pe- T ARSUS- Medium gray in d, black in i. IRIS-Dark brown. ~~) te-Feb. (I d), Apr. (l d); small-Feb. (I riods (Stelgidopwyx) and one in wetter periods , d. GoNADS-Moderate-Mar. (1 i); small-Feb. (Coryphospingus). The gonadal sample sizes for Blu - Maxilla dark bro wn; mandibl" _._ MOLT-Hea . (I d). brown...... " earl '? WIng and body molt on three most of the species we collected were too small to MOLT-Primary molt on Mar. specimen; body TARSUS-Bluish gray. diti Y Feb. sPOCUnens, with none on three ad· permit detailed analysis of individual species" molt on both. GoNADS-Small_Apr. (l &). Fanal specimens from the same period. breedin& seasons by Miller's method. Our gonadal FooD- Unidentified insects and caterPilhu' in MOLT-None in one late Mar . largeooD_ ~sects in two stomachs, including a sample (1,500 specimens of235 speciel), however, FOOO-Ants and tin bee . 5PeCtmen. caterpillar in one. one stomach. can be 1Ued to show lOme probabk reproductive stomach. y ties (OW) in one Comm . Occasionally encountered in broken canopy tn:nds for the period of our 1tUdy, November to often. a? m forest from midstory to canopy. May. m llUXed-species Bocks. at edge of Rio Baria. 62 63 WILlARD ET AL.: BIRDS OF CERRO OE LA NEBLINA ------0------I Highland wing aod/or tail molt ~ Highland 91:<1 body mOh. • "'0'" • • l1l cr_ • 0 0 z c: ~ 90 • " 0 ~ Z ~ • Lowland • z" • • 0 Lowland • z" z" • • z" Cl 80 z" •~ • z" •" • z 80 • z "'0 •- ~ z" z l1> , z" • • 70 ~ ~ 70 Z" ~ ~ •- 70 " Ol •- ~ • 0 • • ~ Z ~ ~ ~• ~ •• ~ ~ Z ~• 0 " ~ z .. • Z Ol Z-" ~ •~ ~ z. l1l 60 0 z z" z" 60 z 60 • z_ " , z" ,I; " " • Z Z Z" 60 " " z~ • " " z C z... , • 0 • ;; l1> 50 • ~ •, 50 0 50 z • ~ ~ .. • 0 "" •• z- w z" z Z ~ Z ~ E IiIi z " • z 50 s: z· " • 0 z • " ~ ~ ~ z 40 ZZ~ - 40 • z z z 40 • " z-" 40 ;: o~ " " , • ,!l1"' z" • '" , z" o 30 ~ 30 z 30 • ~• z 0 l1> z" 30 11 .... "' s £ 0 "0 20 ~ z I:;j <'l 20 ~ 20 CjI • l1> z "' z" • 20 Z • C. f Z z" z o 10 10 ,• 10 ~ * 10 z • "' z ;; '#- 0 0 o z 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 g 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 123456789 01234 SEASON SEASON 56789 Flo. 9. Thirty-day (by l probably reftects both longer breeding seasons and uous distributions in proper habitat across the the incorporation of species that breed primarily northern Amazon basin. w~ consider large testes to be an indication of in the wet season. Six species represent true range extensions: readiness to ~ in males. Foster (I987) has In contrast, at upPer elevations incidence of I. PodilymbusIJ(Jt&epsisknownin Venezuela only shown that active sperm can exist in smaIl testes large gonads in females was high 'through mid- so our assessments of males' readiness to breed' ~' but then dropped sharply, with no along the northern coast and inBrazil primarily from the coastal states. It is essentially absent ~ on enlarged testes, probably tepresent ng females of any species found from late Range ExteosioDS min: from Amazonia. Its presence at Neblina (N = Imum values. Enlarged ova in females probabl March on ..The Presence of juveniles of many up- reflect actual breeding; females ineuban.... ., y ~-elevatlon species in late January and early LoWlANDS-Forty species found in the low- I) is sUIJ)I'iJing and may be accidentaL . ~or~eed- 2. The two small groups of Eudocimus ru1;Jerob- ~ young may have small ova, so again our e e ruary must reftect some December and early lands surrounding Cerro de Ia Neblina represent January ,--_ ..,-- A ' served ftring over lowland forest (MF) may tImates of numbers of birds b.....-d'- be 1 .. had Ul~g. higher percentage ofspedes range extensions within Venezuela Sixteen of these . ·~gmay ow likewise represent an accidental occurrence. The Gonadal SIZe classes are defined at the begi . . land mal~s m breeding condition than in the low- (table 1) previously have been found fairly close of the species accounts. nmng ~ this may simply reftect that sample sizes per to the Venezuelan border in northern Brazil or are species is known in Brazil from the mouth of sPectes tended t be ,,_" ' the Amazon and in Venezuela from the llanos At low elevations.,. the percent__...... of SJ)eQes' WIth, . . 0 '-'-'&Uerat upper elevatIons, widespread in northern Brazil (Pinto, 1938, 1944). 400 km to the north. We saw no appropriate some males WIth enlarged testes was always higher :~ a i~~ Probability of encountering a Their occurrence at the base of Neblina was ex- habitat in the vicinity ofNeblina. and the spe- ~ the percentage with females in breed.in .reeding ndiVldual. As in the lowlands many spe- pected, CIes continued to ha ' " , cies' presence is extremely surprising. dinaD (fig. 9). Both male and female values! 00:- co .. ve males m apparent breeding A second set of 18 species (table 2), encom- 3. Myrmeciza disjuncta was known from an ex- ually increased from late November to mid~~ nditlon through the sh d Ii . breeding passing the bulk of the remaining venezuelan range females. arp ec ne m tremely restricted range inthe vicinity of Cerro mary, when samples of over 40% of th ' extensions, consists of birds previously known ei- , 100-....,. e speaes 1fen1a NydafUUSil l1io/acea Monasa morphoeus Stelg;dopteryx ru/Icollis Co1IImba !asciata (Duida) Mesembrinibis cayennensis 1Hyocopus li1letllWJ Elanoidnforf/calu.f Tll1IgtUa gyrola NanllOp:sJttaeapanychJora (Duida) M~torquata Vireo aJtiloquus Steatornis caripen:sis (Duida) Spizaenu OrnalJu Platyriffdlus saturatus OpisthocomlLf lwazin Hylop!Jilus bnmneU:eps Cypseloide3 phllp:si (Duida) Platyrilldrus p/atyrhynchos Aeronaute:s molltivagus (Duida) Ara arartmna Phoenicircus nigricollis Colibri COrJlSC(llfS (Duida) Amazilia viridigaster (Duida) ~tho~ D. Stotz (pen. comm.) bas found it HJ:~-Nineteen montane species repre- m Rorauna. The closest Colombian records are that the lowland avifauna ofNeblina, when more sent additions to known avifauna of the upper tum at 1800 m alons a fast-movins stream would far. to the west, along the base of the Andes fully known, will number somewhere in the vicin· slopes of Cerro de la Neblina. Fourteen of these be very unusual. In lisht ofeeeent records of Har- (Hilty and Brown, 1986). The species is gen- ity of the Manaus 6gure. All oftbese eastern Ama- (table 3) are we~known from the western tepuis pyhaliaetus (M. Lentine, pen. comm.), includins erally found along the base of the Andes and zonian sitc:5 have avifilunas much reduced from and are not particularly surprising additions. Two some in the mountains of the Gran Sabana, it at the edges of Amazonia. those of the rich western Amazonian areas, such of these, Steatornis and Knipolegus, have now also appears that this species has a more widespread 5. Haematoderu.s militiJris was not previous! as eastern Peru, wbere SIS total species were re- been. collected nearby on Cerro Aracamuni (M. Venezuelan range than was previously known. known from. Venezuela. The closest records y corded on the Rio Tambopata (Parker, 1982) and Lentine, pen. comm.). from Manaus, Brazil, which are themselves: 526 on the Rio Mann, wbece 362 were found in removed from the primaril G' . ~other .species, Haplospiza rusnca. is known forest (l'erborgh et a1., 1984). 1bedecline in forest 1D e tepuis only on the eastern Chimanta-tcpu.i. Comparisons with Other ATifaDD88 ThesingleNeb~sight~:= species richness from southwestern throush north- whic~ Wetmore and Phelps (1949) described a range extenSlon of about I 000 Ian The :m eastern Amazonia is found to some extent in most ~~c subspecies from a unique type. This 1...owLANDS-Our collections and observations Neb~ lowlands are close to ilie Rio N- in the lowlands surrounding; Neblina, combined families, but is accentuated amons suboscines in and It may be that this species' ....n_· egro, spccres occurrence is nonnally associated with the Dendrooolaptidae, Fumariidae, and Fonni- e ten'" .--- IS more with those of Caldas, documented a preliminary bamboo (Parker, 1982), and perhaps it has been cariidae (table 4). Species in these families tend to ~ Slve 1D the Rio Negro drainage than list of 264 species, with 213 of these restricted to :;erloo~ ~n othertepuis becauseof the difficulty be exclusively insectivorous aDd ace found mostly :y thought. D..Stotz (pen. comm.) ~ forest. Further work surely will yield many addi- workins m bamboo and the rarity of 80wering in the understory and subcanopy. Itwould be in- tly. collected this species on the Rio Ji~ stands. The . . tions, given that we still regularly added to the list remaJDJDB four species have not been teresting to know if the dcc1ine inspecies richness parana m Rondonia in southwestern B:raziI encountered. . s1 . even at the end of our expedition. Few single- . PI"CV1ouY 1D the tepuis. All have pli- is matched by a dcc1iDe in insect productivity in even farther from the previous! defin ' locality lists are available for comparison with ~ Andean ranses, with two extending; to the It is cl~ that there is much .: be ~ lowland sites anywhere near Neblina. Gilliard these same forest regions. ~ range ofnorthem Venezuela. Aegolius haT- ~ the overall range of this race fruit- (1941) found 241 species in the lowlands around HxiID..ANDS- Most of the maYor"tePUis have been ?S~and Geranoaetus melanoleucus were known explored to some extent. but comparison of their Auyan-tepW during 3lh months of fieldwork. His :::. enezueIa only from the western Andes, wbeIC 6. N.eochelidon tibialis bas not been recorded lowland site had much more varied habitat than avifaunas is complicated because the oolIccti.ns and records are from at least 1000 m bisher than observational effOltS have been extremely varied. VlOusiy in Venezuela south of Cerro .ou:: does ours, and the list includes many water birds The closest published records in Brazil fro =~Neblina. The habitat above 1800 ~ at for which there is no appropriate habitat near the Collection sizes J1lDI!le from under 100 specimens 80 kIn north ofManaus (Stotz and Bi wh stronsJy resembles the Andean habItats on Cerros Yapw:aDl and Sarisariiiama to over are m base ofNeblina. He reported many fewer rain for- 1989), and after that, from. far to th ctTegaard, ese 3,000 on Mt. Roraima (Mayr and Phelps, 1961). is ::eetJt. species occur, suggesting that habitat est species (112), re8ecti.ns a decline inforest spe- on the upper Rio Junui Ho ethsouthweot . nnportant than elevation in the detemri- We know that the species lists have grown as ad- . wever, e species cies richness toward the northern edge of the Ama- IS nation of their ranges. ditional elevations and habitats were sampled on common at Manaus (D St zonian basin. At Isla Maraci in Roraima, Brazil, and lack of records pro"':blY~ pers. com~.) HarpyhaJiaetus solitarius and Tigrisoma!asda- single peak$, and it is safe to say that our knowl- Moskovits et aI. (1985) found 386 species. This culty of observing and . cets the diffi· andtum are both midel evation. species in the Andes edac of even the best-known tepuis is incomplete. dwelling swoIl Th coll~ this forest_ locality is situated on the forest/campo ecotone, found in similar to those we Even with these limitations, however, some gen. ow. e spcaes may be are areas where and the list includes many species from grassland. appropriately included in the previo more eral comparisons ace possible.. :::ttered ~em at Neblina. Unfortunately, River edge and upland forest species numbered of new records. us category The currently known montane avifauna (species Ii" .u a speamen, the specific identity of the 214 species, almost identical to our forest total, restricted to 150 m and above) of Cerro de la tgnsoma remains unconfirmed, althoush linea- although the list is possibly more complete than Neblina stands at 65 species. 1betwoIargest tePui ours. Perhaps the best comparison is with the for- avifaunas ace recorded from the extensively stud- est sites around Manaus, Brazil, which have been TABLE 2. Lowland sllCcics lilIin& . . iedRonima. with 84species, and Pwi-tePui, with artiftciaJ. rIUI8C gaps. surveyed extensively by personnel from the Min- 11 (Apendix 3). These ace both very biBb peaks imum Critical Size of Ecosystems Project of the inthe massive clusterofeutem tepu.is (see fig. I). World Wildlife Fund and Instituto Nacional de Euplw1li4 chlorotict:l In the west. wbc:re most of the peaks ace much Euplw1li4 minuta Pesquisa da Amazonia. The habitat is generally more isolated from ODe anothcI', the on:Iy known Tangara :schrankii similar to that around Neblina, and the total list avifauna as diverse as that ofNeblina is on Cerro Dendroiea petechia is about 350 species, 254 of which are found in Phaeothlypi:s rivulari:s Duida, which has 64 montaDc species (species to- HY/ophilus mU3Cicapimu forest (Stotz and Bierregaard, 1989}. We anticipate 66 67 WILLARD ET AL.: BIRDS OF CERRO DE lA NEBLINA - FlELDIANA: ZOOLOGY 2 TABU!4. Forest species totals by family or subfamily for five lowland Amazonian sites. isolation of peaks to the west probably accounts The tepui avifauna in general and the Neblina ... for their lower diversity. The main set of eastern avifauna in particular are highly depauperate com- AOOM tepuis forms a massive, almost oval, area of con. pared to the faunas at similar elevations in the I-- A. ~uous high elevation, where, if a form goes ex- Ma- N. Ma- ya>- Andes. Weske (1972) recorded over 200 primarily I-- ...... tinct locally, POtential exists for recolonization from montane species between 1000 and 2500 01 in the several directions. In contrast, the western tepuis Cordillera Vileabamba in central Peru, and Fitz- Neblina Tinamidae 8 4 3 7 >- 3 tend to be more isolated from one another with patrick, Willard.. and Stotz (unpubl.) recorded about Ardeidae I - Cathartidae 3 3 2 3 2 no high-elevation connections, probably .m'.wns 250 montane species between the same elevations I- Accipitridae ~I- 12 II 4 10 4 for both greater extinction rates and lower colo. in the Cosnipata Valley of southeastern Peru. Spe- Fakonidae 7 7 3 6 3 cies diversity declines with elevation in both the Crecidae nization rates among peaks. Smaller faunas result. 4 4 4 4 3 Phasianidae . The eastern tepuis have a suite of endemic spe- Andes (e.g., Robbins et al., 1987) and the tepuis, ~ 2 1 I 1 1 Psophiidae cres not found in the west (Appendix 3). While the but the number of species found over 2000 01 in I I I I I Rallidae I 2 1 I wes~ ~ountains share a number of tepui en- the Andes is about equivalent to the numberfound Columbidae f ! ! I f! ! ! 4 4 3 3 4 ~cs WIth the east, they have only two species at 1000 m at Neblina (fig. 10). In the Andes, gen- Psittacidae 17 13 10 ElEVATION 14 8 res~cted to the region: Campy!opterus duidae. erally finer elevational segregation exists, with fre- Cuculidae 4 4 2 , Strigidae 2 which fonns a superspecies with the eastern C. quent occurrences of two to three congeners re- FIG. 10. Comparison of Andean and Neblina avi- 7 s 2 6 2 CaprimuJgidae placing one another between 750 and 2500 m. faUPa.!lby elevation (Andean ligures based on Robbins 2 3 I 1 1 ~yperythrus, and Dig/ossa duidae, which may not Nyctibiidae et al., 1987). 2 4 1 3 I most closely related to the eastern D. major Whether this is a result of increased competition Trochilidae 19 6 12 7 13 (Chapman, 1931; Vuilleumier, 1969). In other between congeners (Terborgh and Weske, 1975), Ak:edinidae 2 2 2 2 Momotidae cases where the western tepuis have species not higher speciation rates in the Andes (Graves, 1985), 3 I I 2 1 Galbulidae or other factors is still being argued. these three, our compilations of species for the area 2 3 , 3 I recorded in the east, such as Aego!ius, Geranooe- Bucconidae In contrast to the Andes, some towland tepui 9 7 7 2 3 tus, and Harpyhaliaetus, all either are species also would be seriously diminished. Birds were also Capitonidae 3 1 I I I found ~ the Andes or represent upper-elevation species (e.g., Campephilus rubricolfis and Heni- collected by R. Royero, C. W. Myers, and R. Co- Rampbastidae 8 4 4 Picidae 6 4 populatlons of species also found in the lowlands. corhina leucosticta) range from the lowlands well croft. and these also provided important addi- rs II II II Dendrocolaptidae 7 into the mountains, with no congeners or similar tional records. 16 7 13 12 , The eastern tepuis also have Andean species still Furnariidae species replacing them at upper elevations. The We are indebted to the Venezuelan camp crew 24 II 7 3 7 ;nmown in the west (Grallericula nana. Myades- Formicariidae combination of (I) unproductive white-sand soils '0 34 18 16 es let«:olft7/ys,and Piranga leut:optera). All of these for help in preparation of field camps, mist-net Rhinocryptidae I and black-water rivers that may not be able to Tyrannidae " patterns are consistent with the hypothesis that lines, and meals. We thank R. Aveledo and L. 24 29 27 support more complex communities, (2) the iso- perez for allowing access to the Coleccion Orni- Pipridae 8 9 ~e ~uis once harbored a broad Andean fauna Cotingidae " " 10 6 6 lation of the tepuis from other bigh-elevation fau· 7 8 6 w~ch subsequent speciation and differential ex- tol6gica Phelps. Hirundinidae , , :u I 1 nas that could be sources of colonizers, and (3) the M. Lentino, D. Stotz, J. Fitzpatrick, T. SChu- Trogiodytidae , I etlons took place between the eastern and west· 4 4 3 3 em mountains. smaller areas of the tepuis compared to the Andes lenberg, G. Graves, C. W. Myen, S. Lanyon, P. Twdina< 6 I 2 4 2 seems a plausible explanation for the much-re- Escalante P., and an anonymous reviewer all read Polioptilinae 2 Cerro Duida is the western tepui most similar 3 3 2 1 Emberizinae 2 duced avifaunas of the tepuis. the manuscript and provided many useful sugges- I 1 I I ~ Neblina. in both known avifauna and size It CanIinalioa< 4 3 4 14 ItighIan . tions. Lentino also led us to important literature Thraupinae 2 3 blina d species not yet recorded on Ne- 28 21 19 on the distribution of Venezuelan birds. T. A. Par· Parulidae 3 . (table 5). For Emberizoides appropriate bah- 3 3 1 2 ltal apPears to be lacking , . ker III and C. Parrish provided useful insights on leteridae 7 " " on Neblina. For the oth- 4 4 6 3 a number of species. D. Moskovits and M. D. Vireonidae 6 8 Acknowledgments 4 4 , ~undant a~pro~te habitat exists and only Maurer helped with the preparation of the manu- exploratlon will determine whether they script. R. Liesner and V. Funk provided identifi- are truly absent from NebIina Because most of We thank the Fundaci6n para el Desarrollo de cations of some of the fruits in stomach contents. our addition th· . las Ciencias Flsieas Matematicas y Naturales, R. ~s ~ on Mayr and Phelps [l967J and com- blina al s to e high-elevation fauna of Ne· We thank the American Museum of Natural pilabons from Phelps and Phelps [1958 1963» tha so have been found on Duida, we expect McDiannid, C. Brewer-Carias, C. W. Myers, and History and the American Geographical Society In general, western tepuis have less di ' .. Ii t most ~er additions will come from this J. Luteyn for their immense efforts in organizing f: verse aVI- for permission to reproduce figure 1, and the Fun- aunas than do those in the east (Mayr and Ph st. LophornlS pavonina has been collected re- this expedition. The Venezuelan government gave dation para e1 Desarrollo de las Ciencias Fisicas 1967; also see Appendix 3). The relativeIY~: important logistic support. A. Machado did much =.~n Cerro Aracam.uni (M. Lentino, pers. Matematicas y Naturales and C. Brewer-Carias for of the work related to collecting and export per- permission to reproduce figure 7. R. McDiarmid mits, and along with M. Lentino, L. G. MO~es. 6. TABU 5. Ml Duida highJ.an(I . O. Dario Ramos, and W. H. Phelps, Jr., prOVided provided the photo used in figure speoes Dot recorded from Neblina. Financial suppon for this expedition was pro- assistance and hospitality during our stays in Ca- Lophor1lis pavottifIQ vided by the National Science Foundation (grant PoIytmusmilkri raeas. BSR-83I7687), the William H. Phelps Founda- MargaTOrttis adusta Ch/oropipo unijorrnis A. Gardner, R. McDiarmid, and G. Nelson col- tion, and the Alexander Wetmore Fund of the Taraba t1I4jor Ernberizoides herbicola lected numerous birds while they worked on their Ch/orophonia cyanea Smithsonian Institution. H"psilochmus roroi~ own groups. Many of these specimens are our only Macroagelaius imthUTmi Finally, we wish to express our deep apprecia- records of certain species, and without the help of 68 69 WILLARD ET AL.: BIRDS OF CERRO DE LA NEBLINA - _._~--- tion to the late W. H. Phelps,Jr., who, along with MEvl!R De ScHAUIlNSEE, R. 1970. A Guide 10 the Birds Amazonas. Serle Informes Cientificos DGllAIICl03/ VUIlJ.EUMIEll,F. 1969. Systematics. and evolution in his father, pioneered the ornithological study of of South America. Livinlstone Publishing Co., 79. DivisiOn de Fauna., Ministerio del Ambiente y de Diglossa (Aves, Coerebidae). American Museum No- the Venezuelan tepuis, and who has been a con- Wynnewood, Pennsylvania. los Recunos Naturales Renovables, Caracas. vita1es, 2381: 1-44. stant inspiration to all of us. We dedicate this pa- MEYERDI!SaJAUl!NSEE, R, ANDW. H. Ptu!uos,JR. 1978. SNOW,D. W. 1982. The Cotinps. Corcen University WESKE,J. 1972. Tbedistributionoftheavifa~ofthe per to his memory. A Guide to the Birds of Venezuela. Princeton Uni- Press, 11ha.ca., New York. Apurimac Valley of Peru with respect ~ en~en- versity Press, Princeton, New Iersey. tal gradients, habitats and related spectes. Ph.D. diss., SToTz, D. F.,AND R. O. Bn!R:REGAAllD. 1989. ~ birds University of Oklahoma. Norman. Mn.u!R, A. H. 1954. Breeding cycles in a constant of the Fazendas Esteio. Porto Alegre, and ~ona, equatorial environment in Colombia, South America. Amazonas, Brasil. R.evista Brasileira de Biologm., 49: WETMOllIl,A., AND W. H. PHElPs. 1949. A new race Acta XI Coogressus Intemationalis Omitholosici, 19St 861-872. ofbird of the genus Spodiornis from ~enezuela. Jour- 495-503. naI of the Washington Academy of Sciences. 39: 377- Uterature Cited 1ERBoROH,J. W., J. W. FrrzpA1'llKX, AND L. EMMONS. MORONY,I. I., JR., W. J. Bocx, AND I. FAllRAND,JR. 1984. Annotated chcckIist of bird and mammal spe- 378. 1975. Reference List of the Birds of the World. Amer- cies of Chocha Cashu Biolosical Station, Manu Na- WETMOllIl,A., AND W. H. PHEu>s. IR. 1956. FUf!her BosQUE, C. 1986. ActuaIizaeion de Ia distribucion del ican Museum of Natural History, New York. tional Park, Peru. Fieldiana: Zoology, 21: 1-29. additions to the list ofbirds of VenezueJa. Proceedings guacharo (Stetl/ornis caripensis) en Venezuela. Boletin of the Biolosica1 Society of Washington, 69: 1-12. Sociedad Venezolana EspeIeologia, 22: 1-10. Mosxovm, D. K.., I. W. FrnPATRJCK, ANDD. E. wn- 1ERBoR.GH,I. W.,ANDJ.S. ~I!SXE. 1975. ~roleof lAlID. 1985. Lista preliminar das aves da Es~o competition in the distribution of Andean birds. zcct- zao.mt, J. T. 1943. Studies of Peruvian birds. No. BREwER.CAR:1As, C, ED. 1988. Cerro de 1a Neblina: EcoIOgica de Maraca, TerritOrio de Roraima, Brasil, ogy, S6: 562-576. XLVI. Tbegenus Tangara: Part 1.American Museum Resultados de 1a ExpediciOn, 1983-1987. Fundacion Novita1es, 1245: 1-14. e 8reas adjacentes. Papeis Avulsos Zoologia, Sin Pau- TRAYLOR.,M. A., IR., ED. 1979. Check-list o~Birds of para el DesarroUo de las Ciencias Ftsicas Matematicas 10,36(6); 51-68. y Naturales, Caracas. the World, vol. VII. Museum of Comparative Zool- CHAPMAN, F. M. 1931. The upper zonal bird.life of NOVAES,F. 1965. Notas s6bre aJtumas aves da Serna ogy, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Mts. Roraima and Duida. .Bu1letin of the American Parima, TerritOrio Roraima, Boletim Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi. 54. Museum of Natural History, 63: 1-135. PAllKER, T. A., III. 1982. Observations of some un. llections of birds from Cerro de Ia Neblina..* Di~,~. W.. 1987. Notes on the plumages of """"'~I . Co ~lglossa dujdae With ~~ description of a new subspe. usual rainforest and marsh birds in southeastern Peru. Cles. Bulletin of the BntIsh Omitholntnsts' Oub 107. Wilson Bulletin, 94: 477-493. 42-43. -..., . J'HEuts, W. H .• ANDW. H. PHEu>s, JR. 1955. Seven Skin SkeI.. Ak. SkID Sire). Ale. DiCKERMAN,R. W., G. F. 8AIlR.oWCLOUGH,P. F. new birds from Cerro de la Neblina, Terr. Amazonas, CANNELL, ~' H. PHEuts, IR., AND D. E. WILlARD. Venezuela. Proceedings of the Biological Society of 1986. Phllydor hy/obius Wetmore and Phelps is a Washington,68: 113-123. Tinamus tmJjOT synonym of Automo/us roraimae Hellmayr. Auk, 103' -. 1958. Lista de las aves de Venezuela con su Tinamus guttaiUS 431-432. . distribuciOn. Vol. 2, pt. I, No Passeriformes. Boletin Podilymbus podiceps Sociedad Venezolana Ciencias Naturales, 19(90): 317 DICKERMAN,~' W., ANDW. H. PHaPs, JR. 1982. An pp. Nyctkorax violaceus annotated list of the birds of Cerro Urutani on the Butorides striatus bord~r ofEs~o Boliv:ar. Venezuela, and Territorio -. 1961. A new subspecies of warbler from CeJTo Agamia agami ~2~ma, Brazil. Amencan Museum Novitates, 2732: de Ia Neblina, Venezuela, and notes. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 74: 245-248. Leucopternis albicollis Buteo plalypterus --. 1987. Tres nu~vos atrapamoscas (Tyrannidae) -. 1963. Lista de las aves de Venezuela con su Buteo brtUhyurus del Cerro de. Ia N~blina, TeTritorio Amazonas. Ven_ distributiOn, segunda edicion. Vol. I, pt. 2, Passeri- Daptrius americanus ezuela. Boletm Sociedad Venezolana Ciencias Natura_ formes. Boletin Sociedad Venezolana Ciencias Natu- I les, 41(144): 27-32. rales, 24(104, 106): 479 pp. Mierastur gilvicolfis F~ M. S. 19.87. Dela~ed maturation, neoteny, and -. 1965. Usta de las aves del Cerro de la Neblina Penelope jacquacu 2t 3t 2t 5t SOCIal system differences In two rnanakins of the us y n?1as sobre su descubrimenlo y ascenso. Boletin Aburria pipile 1 2 3t 2t Chiroxiphia. Evolution. 42: 547-558. gen Sociedad Venezolana Ciencias Naturales, 26: 11-35. Crax tomentosa 2 2 1 2 GIUJAR.D. E. T. 19.41. The birds ofMt. Auyan-1epui, PHE1.Ps, W. H., JR. 1972. Adiciones a las listas de aves Crax alector Ven~la. BulletIn of the American Museum of Nat. de Sur America, Brasil y Venezuela y notas sobre aves Odontophorus gujanensis ural HIStory. 77: 439-508. venezolanos. Boletin Sociedad Venezolana Ciencias II 1 2 G~VFS,G.~. 1985: Elevational correlates ofspeci_ Naturales, 3O{124/125): 23-40. Psophia crepitans 2 2 allO~ and Intraspecific geographic variation in plum- PHaPs, W. R., IR., ANDR. AVELEOO H. 1966. A new Actitis maeularia age In Andean forest birds. Auk, 102: 556-579. S~bspecies of Icterus ieterus and other notes on the 1 Columba subvinacea 2 2 HIL"!"y,S.L.,ANDW ..L.BR?WN. 1986. A Guide to the ~ of north em South America. American Museum lLptotila ruJaxifJa BI~ds of Colombia. Pnnceton University P NOV1tates,2270: 1-14. 2 1 3 2 Princeton, New Jersey. ress, Geotrygon montana Pmro, O. M. 1938. Calalogo das aves do Brasil. Parte I 1 MAoUUlE, B. 1955. Cerro de la Neblina, Atnazo I. Revista Museu Paulista, 22: 566 pp. Ara chloroptera Pyrrhura me/anura 21 2 Venezuela: A newly discovered sandstone mo :S' 31 3 GeographiC/J Review. 45: 27-51. un n. -. 1944. Calalogo das aves do Brasil, parte 2. Nannopsittaca panychlora ~mento de Zoologia, Secretaria da Agricultura, Pionites melanocephala I 2 MAOUlRE,B.,ANDJ.J.WURDACk. 1959 Th~"""," f~- dela' . "...... ,Itlon Industna e Commercio, Sio Paulo, 700 pp. Deroptyus accipitrinus 0 ...... "0 Neblina. Geographical Review 49.56' R~BBINS,M. B., R. S. RmoELY, T. S. Scm.rr.ENBERG,AND 569. ' . u- Piaya melanogaster . B. GILL. 1987. The avifauna of the Cordillera de I Dtus guatemafae MAYR,.E.,ANDW.H.PHEuts,IR. 1967. Tbeoriginof f'tt~, Ecuador. with comparisons to other Andean 2 4 Dtus eholiba 1§ th~ bird fauna of the south Venezuelan highlands. Bu! Ocahties. ~ofThe Academy of Natural Sci- letm of the American Museum of Natural Hi - ences ofPhiIadelphia, 139: 243-259. Dtus watsonii 2 136: 273-327. story, Aego!ius ha"isii ScHw~~ P., ANDR. A. RtVERo. 1979. DistributiOn 2 prelunmar de Ia fauna silvestre del Territorio Federal Stetl/ornis caripensis 70 7\ WILLARD ET AL.: BIRDS OF CERR ODE LA NEBLINA FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY ""'""'" I. Continued """""" I. Continued...... ,. ~ ..... ~ ..... """" ..... ---...... SbI. Ak. .... SbI. Ak. SIdn S.... Ak...... Ak. StiD SbI. Ak...... Ak. .... Nyctibius griseus Veniliorms affims I 2 2 Ptadus jlavigu!a 1 I I Caprimu!gus /ongirostris 1 3 Picu/us chrysochloros I 2 Caprimulgus nigrescens 3 3 2 I PicuJus rubiginosus , Cypseloides phelps; 4 Celeus gramm«:us 2 I Aeronautes montivagus 2 Celeus eleglUlS 3 Celeus torqualus 1 Dory/era johannae 1 to 2 , 1 G/aucts hirsUla Dryocopus lineatus 1 Campephi[us meJanoleucos 1 2 Threnetes leucurus 1 1 , 2 Campephifw rubricolJis 1* 1 I 4 Phaethomis superciJiosw; , 2 4 2 1 6 2 2 2 3 Phaethornis bourcieri 2 2 3 Dendrocinc/a juliginosa 2 4* 2 2 3 3 s 4 3 2 Phaethornis ruoer I Dendrocmcla merula I Phaethornis gri.seoguJaris 2 Deconycmaa /cngicauda 1* Campylopterus !argipennis Deconychura 2 4 1 2 2 3 3 2 3 suaoteema Campylopterus duidae Sittasomus griseicapillus 2 1 I 4 8 8 I 28 2. 7 20 F/orisuga meltivara Gfyphorhynchur spinous , 16 3 7 11 , 4 I 1 3 1 Cofibri delphinae 3 • I 3 Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus Co/ibri coruscans Dendrocolaptes certhia 2 , 2 2 1 I I ThaJurania /urcala , 6 Dendrocolaptes picumnus , 3 3 7 7 3 3 1 2 Amazi/ia versicolor 2 I Xiphorhynchus obsoletus 1* AmtlZi/ia viridgaster 2 I Xiphorhynchus pardoJotus 4 2 7 4 , 2 2 Polyplaneta aurescens 1 Xiphorhynchus guttatus 2*'* 1 HeliodoX(J xamhogonys I Lepidocolaptes albolineatus I 3 27 Topazapyra 7 CampyJorhamphus procurvoides I 4 He[iothryx aurila I 2 Synallaxis caOOT/isi 4 Trogon me/anurus Cranio/euca demissa 2 8 2 Trogon viridis I 3 1 2 Hyloctistes subu/atus Trogon persoNUus 1 Phi/ydor pyrrhodes '* 4, Trogon violaceus 2 Automo/us infuscatus 2 2* 2 2 • 2 1 Ceryle torquma Automo/us ochrolaemus I 3 2 3 17 2 20 Ch/orocery/e amazona 1 Automo/us roraimae AUlomo/us rufipileatus 3 2 , 3 I Ch/orocery/e americana 2 1 2 2 3 2 ChlorDCeryleinda I Xenops minutus 2 1 4 4 Sclerurus rufigularis 1* Chloroceryle aenea 2 1 7 3 2 Lochmias nemalura II Monrotus momota 2 2 2 Cymbilaimus /ineatus 1* I 3 4 Brachygalba lugubris 6 3* 1 Taraba rruVor 4 1 1 11 1 I I 3 Galbula albirostris Thamnophilus aethiops 3 2 Galbula leucogastra 3 2 2 Thamnophi/us murinus 21 I 2 I Galbula dea Thamnophi/us amazonicus 1 7 I 2 Jacamerops aurea Thamnophilus insignis 1* 3 2 2 2 2 1 I Pygiptila stellaris 42 Notharchus ordii 31 I 6 I Bucco macrodaetylus Dysithamnus mentalis 6 4 2 I Thamnomanes ardesiacus Ii 1* 6 2 Bucco capensis I 2 I 7 8 2 2 Thamnomanes caesius I '* 4 Nonnula rubecula 1 4 I 2 Myrmotherula ambigua Ii MOfUJSaatra 3 , , 2 3 3 Myrmotherula surinamensis 71 MOfUJSarrwrphoeus I I 2 I I I 6 2 Myrmotherula guttata 2 2 2 2 21 I 2 I 6 Capito niger Myrmotherula haematonota 2 I 2* 2 21 7 2 2 8 6 4 Myrmotherula axillaris 6* 4 2 AulacorhynchoiS derbianus I I 4 2 6 1 6 Myrmotherula longipennis 31 13 Pteroglossus flavirostris 2 8 I Selenidera naltereri 2 Myrmotherula behni 2 3 2 Myrmotherula menetriesii 2 Ramphaslos vitellinUf 1 2 Herpsilochmus dorsimaeulatus I Ramphaslos tucanUf 1 1* 2 Terenura spodioptila Picumnus exilis I 31 Cercomacra cinerascens , Melanerpes cruentaJus 2 Myrmoborus myotherinus 73 72 WILLARD ET AL.: BIRDS OF CERRO DE LA NEBLINA FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGy ------4liliiii------ _I. Continued. _I. Continued. ~ AMNH ...... ,...... ""'" ""'" ""'" .... SbI. AI<...... AI<. Stla ..... AI<. .... Stla ..... Ak. Stla S.... AI<. .... Skel• Ak. Stla Hypocnemis cantalor 21 3 2 3 I Pipra erythrocepha}a 11 12 6 14 II 2 13 3 I Percnonola n4ifr0ru • Pipra cornuta 3 7 Percnonola /eucosligmQ 2 II 6 Phoenicireus "igrico/lis 1 Percnostola caurensis I Upaugus vod/erans Sclateria naevia I Cotinga cayana 2 Myrmeciza disjunrtlJ Xipho/ena punicea I Myrmeciza pelulni 2 RupicoJa ruptcola 2 4 Myrmedza atrothorax 3 I I 2 I Pithys albifrons 1 4 3 9 3 3 2 Notiochelidon cyatWleuca 2 Gymnopi1hys rujigula 4 2 I Atticora fasciata 3 3 I Hylophylax naena II 2 , 3 Neochelidofl tibia/is I 1 Hylophy/Qx poed/inota 6 6 s 9 9 I Riparia riparia , Phkgopsis erythroptera I 3 I Hirundo rustica Formicarius colma 2 1 3 s I Thryothorus coraya 4 2 6 Chamaeza campanisona 2 Thryothorus leucotis I Mymwrllis torquato Troglodytes ru/ulus '* 2 4 13 Grallaria varia 11 I Henicorhina teucosuaa 2 Myrmothera camponisona I MicrocercuJus ustu/atus I s 17• Myrmothera simplex 11 II 4 IS MicrocercuJus bambla 2 4 1 E/aenia pallmangae 2 1 1 12 Catharu3 jUsascens 1 Mecacemdus leucophrys 3 21 1 3 12 I 33 Catharus minimus 2 s 3 Mionectes oleagineus 1 2 4 2 2 2 Platycichla leucops I Mionectes macconnelli II I 6 Turdus olivater 3 4 6 4 41 32 3 41 Leptopogon omaurocephaius 21 TUTtius lawrencii 1 Capsiempis jlaveola 31 2 11 3 9 Turdus albico//is 2 , 4 3 Phylloscartes flaveolus 2 Corythopis torquato 4 Microbates collfJrn 2 2 2 1 11 2 Myiomis ecaudatus 3 2 Ramphocaenus melanurus I I I Lophotriccus galea/us II Poltopti/o guianensis Hemitriccus zosterops 4 I 36 I 2 Zonotrichia cape1l$is Ramphotrigon rujicauda 21 2 Haplospiza rustica I Tolmomyias assimilis 2 3 I 6 2 2 2 Catamenia homochroa Platyrinchus saturatus I 3 6 6 2 4 I 2 I A"emt)fl tacitUrlIUS Platyrinchus mystaceus Atlapetes persolUltus 6 3 6 2 19 2 2 26 Platyrinchus carOnalUS , 11 2 2 1 I I Platyrinchus platyrhYfIChos 3 4 4 , Pitylus grossus I 4 3 1 Sa/tatar maximus 3 3 2 2 2 OnychorhYfIChus corolUltus II 2 1 Tf.7e1Wtriccuseryth/1UUJ 2 1 I I Passerina cyanoides 1 Myiobjus barbatus '* I 2 Hemithraupis flavicollis 2 2 2 Myiophobus rorajmae I Lanio fuJvus Colonia colonus 6 I' Tachyphonus cristatus 4 3 Attila citriniventris 2 Tachyphonus surinamus I Rhytipterna simplex 2 1 Piranga flava Laniocera hypopyrrha 3 3 11 2 2 Piranga rubra Myiozetetes gra1Uldensis Ramphtxe/us carbo 2 2 , Pachyramphus marginatus 1 II EuphonUl plumbea Pachyramphus minor Euphonia chlorotica Tityra cayana Euphonia chrysopasta Schijfornis major Euphonia minwa 1 5 Schijfornis turdinU$ 1 Euphonia :xanthogaster II 3 Neapipo cinnamomea 1 6 4 2 Tangara mexicana 11 I 3 I TyranneuJes stolzmanni 1 I Tangara chilensis 2 1 1 Neapelma chrysocephalum 2 2 1 Tangara schrankii 2 6 12 Heterocercus flavivertex 1 1 1 Tangara xanthogastra , 2 2 2 I Pjpra pipra I 1 1 Tangara guttata II 1 3 I 4 Pipra coronata 4 II 1 Tangara gyrola 21 , 4 4 3 I 6 28 2 2 4 Pipra serena , 7 4 1 Tangara cyanoptera 31 I 2 2 1 , I 3 39 Tangara velia 74 WILLARD ET AL.: BIRDS OF CERRO DE LA NEBLINA 75 FIELDIANA: zooLOGY - ] z APPENDIX 1. Continued. APPI!NDIx 2. San Carlos de Rio Negro and Santa Lucia· specimens taken on the current expedition.t >MNH Sldo Sldo Skd. Dacnis cayana I 3 I I 2 I Ch/oropha1leS spiza 3 2 I 2 Leut:opternis melanops Cyanerpes caeruJew 1 1 3 2 Charadrius coIlaria Cyanerpes C}'Qnt'lI$ 3 1 Diglosso. du/dQe CoJu.mbitIIJ passerilUl 3 3310320 2 2 70 Panda piliilyumi Brotogeffl cyanoptera 4 Dendroica stnasa Ptaya melanogasler Dendroica /usea 2 2 Setophaga rut/cilia 1 1 Otus watsoni; 1 1 Myioborus milliatus l Chorrki/es pusil/us 2 1 Myioborus brunniceps 26 Chordd/es acutipe,,,,is 3 2 19 BasileuJerus biviltatus 2 13 Nydidromus albu:o//is 1 3 Phaeothlypis rivuJaris 30 Caprimulgus nigresceflS 1 S Granatellus pelzeln; Hydropsa/is climacocerca Coerebajlaveola 1 Phaethornis superci!iosus Vireo oltvaceus 4 Plwethornis bourderi Vireo altiloquus Phaethornis ruber Hylophi/us museicapinus Tha/urania [wcata Hy/ophi/us sctaen Hylophilus brunneiceps 2 ell/orocery/e aenea Hylophilus ochraaiceps 1 Selenidera ntJItereri 2 2 2 Psarocolius viridis Celew elegam Cacicus cela 2 Icterus eayanensis 3 2 Dendrocincla fuJigi1WSfl 1 1 Dendrocincla merulD • AMNII,American Museum of Natural History New York' . DeconychlUQ /ongicaudo ington, D.C.; FMNH,Field Museum of Natural H" . ,USNM. National Museum of Natural History, Wash- Glyp}wrhy,l£hus spinuus portion of the 198~1985 coUectioQSwill u1timate~~~\~~; PtIEU's, Ccleccon Omitol6gica Phelps, caracas. A Xiphorhynchus obsoletus t lncl~ some heads and skulls only. 0 in the coUectioQSofUnivet1lidad central, Caracas. Xiphorhynchus pardalOlus * Total includes skeletons with Rat skins. Xiphorhynchus guttatus § Includes skin with body preserved in alcohol. Philydor pyrrIrodes Aulomolus ;1ifuscatus Xenops mjlJUhLS 2 Sclenuw rufigu!aris 2 Cymbilaimus lineatus 1 ThDmnophilus aetlUoJ15 1 3 Thamnophilus murinw 2 2 Thamnomo.nes cudesiacuJ 1 Thamrwmanes caesius 2 Mymwthenda gultlJla Myrmothenda 1wemaJo1Wta 2 Myrmotheru/a longipennis 1 Hypoc1U!ml.J catlUl1.or 4 Percnostola ru/rfrom 1 4 Pithys a/bi[rom 1 2 GymIWp;thys rujiguIa 2 Hylophylax 1Iat'\'ia 3 2 1 2 Hy/ophylax poer:ili1WtQ 3 2 4 2 Phlegopsis erythroptera 2 1 1 Mion«tes o/eagineus 1 Lophotri«us ga!eatus 2 Plotyrinchus SilllUalUS Platyrinchus eorolUllus TereMtri«us erythrurw 1 Myiobiw barbalw 2 A.tti/a spadiceus TyraMUS savanna 3 7. WIL1AR.D ET AL.: BIRDS OF CERRO DE LA NEBLINA 77 APR!NDIx 3. Major Tepui Montane Avifaunas: Ro, Roraima; Ue, Ijei-tepui; So, Sororopan; Pt, Ptari-tepui; Au, API'ENDIx 2. Continued. AuyaD-tepW; Va, Vaipan-tepUi; Ap, Aprada-tepui; Ch, Cbimanta-tepui; Go, Guaiquinima; Vr,Vrutani; Va, Vavi; Pq, Paraqoe; Pr, Paru; Do, Duida; Ne, Neblina. w...... SkiD Ito Ve So Pt Au Ua Ap Ch Gu U. Ya Pel Pr Du Ne SChiJ!omis twdimu CrypturellllS ptaritepui x N«JPipo dnlltlmOmetl x Tyranneutn noJzmanni Tigrisoma (fasdatum) HarpyhaJiaetus soJiJarius x Heterocerr:w jlariYe1'tex 1* x Pipra pipra 3 Geranoaetus ml!lanoh!uaLr Cohlmba fasdata x x x x x x x x x x x x Pipra c0r01UJta 3 I 5 4 12 Pyrrhura egregia x Pipra errthrocepJul1a 2 2 2 3 x x x x x Namwpsi1ttlca panychJora x x x x x x x x Lipaugus wxi/eram I Otu.s guatemaiae x x x x RupicoJa rupicola I Otw choJibtt' x x Thryothorw coraya 3 Glaucidium brasilianu"'- x x x x x x x x x x .Aegolius harrisii x Cotharw minimw I Smuornis C4ripensis x x x x Turdus albicoJlis Caprimulgus longirostris x x x x x x x x Microbates coJltuis Caprimulgus whitelyi x x x Cypseloides phelpsi x x x x x x .Ammodramus aurifrom CJweturo dnereiwntris x x x x Oryzoborw angolensis I .Aeronautes montivagus x x x x .Arremon taciJlU1Il1S 3 3 3 3 Dory/era johannae x x x x x x x x x x x Pity/lIS grt)S.JIU Phaethornis bourcieri* x x x x x x x x Saltotor maximus Phaethornis augusti x x x PasserirIQ. cyancUks 1 2 2 Phaethomis griseogularis x x TachyphonllS SIlriM.mw 2 I I Campylopterus duidae x x x x x RamphocelllS carbo 2 3 Campylopterus hyperythrus x x x x x x x x Tangara 'olelia 2 Co/ibri deJphinae x x x x x x x x Hylophi/wochraceU:eps 2 1 Colibri coruscana x x x x x x x x x Lophornis paw)nina x x x x x x x x t AMNII, American Museum. orNatunl1 History, New York; I'MNH, Field Museum of Natural History CbiClllO. polytmus milleri x x x x * Skeleton with flat skin. ' .Amazilia viridigaster x x x x x x x x HeJiodoxa xanthogonys x x x x x x x x x x x x x Trogon personatus x x x x x x x x x x x x x .AuJacorhynchw derbiallw x x x x x x x x x x x x x Yemliornis kirkii"" x x Piadus rubiginosus x x x x x x x x x x x x x Xiphoc%.ptn promerop.· x x x Synallaxis cabanisi x x x x x CranioJeuca demissa x x x x x x x x x x x Margaromis adusta x x x x x x x x x x x .Automolw roraimae x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Lochmias nemmUTa x x x x x x x x Ttuaha mojo'- x T1uJmnophilw insignis x x x x x x x x x DysiJhamnus mentalis x x x x x x x x x x Myrmotheru/a behni x x x x x x Herpsilochmus rora/mae x x x x x x x x PercnostoJa leucostigma* x x x x x x x Chamaeza campanisona x x x x x x x x x x Myrmothera simplex. x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Gra/JericuJa nana x x x x Grallaria gwuimaJensis x x Elaenia dayi x x x x x x x Eltwnia pallalangae x x x x x x x x x x x x x MecocercuJw leucophrys x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Mionectes macconneJli"" x x x x x x x x x x x x x Leptopogon~ x x x x Phyiloscartes chapman; x x x x x x x x x x x x Phyiloscartes nigrifrons x x x x x x x x x x x x x Hnnilria:us margarilaceiwnter- x x x x x 78 WIU.ARD EI' AL.: BIRDS OF CERRO DE LA NEBLINA FIELDIANA, ZOOLOGY 79 _3. Continued. ..-. c...... w...... u• So PI A. U. A, CIo G. U. Y. ... Du N. Todirostrum russtJlum , x , , x x , "" Platyrinchus mystaceus x , x x x , , Myiophobus roraimae , , x , , , , , x , , x , , Contopus jumigatus , , , , , , , , x x x Kmpolegu$ poecilurus , , x , , , x Hirundineaferruginea , x x , x , , x x , , , Pachyramphus ctJStaneus* , Chloropipo uni/armis , , x , x , , x , , Pipra serena'" , , , , , x , , x x Pipra cornula , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Pipreo/o. whitelyi , , , , , , Lipaugus streptoplwrus , , , , , Rupicola rupicola , , , , , , , , , Oxyruncw enstalllS , , , , , , , Notiochelidon cyarwleuca , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Cistothorus pJatensis , , Troglodytes rufu/us , , , , , , , , , , , MicrocercuJus ustulalus , , , , , , , , , , , , Myadestes leucQgenys , , , , Piazycichla /klvipes , , , , , , Platycichla Jeucops , , , , , , Turdus olivater , , , , , , , , , , , , , TW'dus igtlobiJjJ" , , , , , , , , , , , , Zonotrichia capel1Sis , , , , , , , , , , , Haplospiza rusticD , , Emberizoides herbicoJa* , Catamenia homocluoo , , , , , , AtJapetes persotultus , , , , , , , , , , , , Mitrospingus oleagineus , , , , , , Piranga jlava , , , , , , , , , , , PirafIgQlew:optera , , , , , Pipnuidea melanota , ChlorophonilJ cyanea , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Tangaro. xanthogaslra* , , , , , , , , , , Tangara pun.ctata , , , , Tangara gultala , , , , , , , , , , , , Tangara cyanoptera , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Dig/ossa dWdae , , , , , Dig/ossa fn4jor , , , , , , , , Panda pitiayumi , , , , , , , , , , , Myioborus mimaJus , , , , , , , , , , , , Myioborus brunniceps , , , , , , , , , , , Myioborus cardonai , Myioborus albi[acies , , Basileuterus biviltalus , , , , , , , , , , , , HylQphi/us sdateri , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Macroagelaius imthUfni , , , , , , , , , • Lowland species with a subspecies restricted to UJlpcf elevations. 80 FIELDIANk WOLOGY